193 lines
22 KiB
XML
193 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="FB8FA496455417D16B9FF952816D3AD3">An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C741621465460ABDDF34CEFBE6FA54" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8273720" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212450436" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8273720" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C741621465460ABDDF34CEFBE6FA54" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C741621465460ABDDF34CEFBE6FA54" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF1465460ABDDF34CEFDB5FD57" box="[151,632,690,717]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F0741465460ABDDF34CEFDB5FD57" blockId="61.[151,632,690,753]" box="[151,632,690,717]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<heading id="D09947181465460ABDDF34CEFDB5FD57" bold="true" box="[151,632,690,717]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71465460ABDDF34CEFDB5FD57" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,632,690,717]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Calvia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quatuordecimguttata">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C661465460ABDDF34CEFDB5FD57" bold="true" box="[151,632,690,717]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C661465460ABDDF34CEFE27FD56" bold="true" box="[151,490,690,717]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Calvia quatuordecimguttata</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF1465460ABDDF34ABFEEFFD6A" box="[151,290,727,753]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F0741465460ABDDF34ABFEEFFD6A" blockId="61.[151,632,690,753]" box="[151,290,727,753]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1355ECF11465460ABDD734ABFED7FD6A" box="[159,282,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE40" captionStartId="62.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[231,1355,181,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-20@62.[231,1355,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE40. a.Calviasichuanica (Photo courtesy:Jaroslav Větrovec); b.Calvia quatuordecimguttata, live adult(Photocourtesy: K.C. Sajan, Nepal); c. live adult; d, e. Calvia quatuordecimguttata (BMNH); f, g. Calvia quindecimguttata (BMNH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261630/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 40b–e</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF1465460ABDDF3567FC33FC14" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F0741465460ABDDF3567FC89FCA8" blockId="61.[151,1263,795,911]" box="[151,836,795,819]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71465460ABDDF3567FD86FCA8" ID-CoL="9G22G" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 367" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="367" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,587,795,819]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C661465460ABDDF3567FEE6FCA8" box="[151,299,795,819]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Coccinella 14-</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD6651465460ABC643567FD86FCA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3912400" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3912400" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CA2DF23C-32B6-42C4-A9BA-C36B8687225F" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[300,587,795,819]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2CC45B5E42B50E0AAB29825B72C6BBC5" page="367" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" year="1758">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C661465460ABC643567FEB8FCA8" box="[300,373,795,819]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">guttata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D851465460ABC333567FD86FCA8" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[379,587,795,819]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refId="ref116876" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. 10 th Edition. L. Salvius, Stockholm, 826 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758: 367</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="54D54ED61465460ABF103567FD41FCA8" box="[600,652,795,819]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Type</typeStatus>
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locality: Europe).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741465460ABDDF3546FB22FCC9" blockId="61.[151,1263,795,911]" box="[151,1263,826,850]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A1465460ABDDF3546FB22FCC9" box="[151,1263,826,850]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD6651465460ABDDF3546FD49FCC9" author="Mulsant, E." box="[151,644,826,850]" page="140" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" year="1846">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71465460ABDDF3546FD49FCC9" authority=": Mulsant 1846: 140" authorityName=": Mulsant" authorityPageNumber="140" authorityYear="1846" box="[151,644,826,850]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Calvia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quatuordecimguttata">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C661465460ABDDF3546FE78FCC9" box="[151,437,826,850]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Calvia quatuordecimguttata</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D851465460ABC8A3546FD49FCC9" author="Mulsant, E." box="[450,644,826,850]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refId="ref117813" refString="Mulsant, E. (1846) Securipalpes. Vol. 4. Histoire Naturelle des Coleopteres de France, Paris, 380 pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1846">Mulsant 1846: 140</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
; Booth 1997: 926;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD6651465460ABE0E3546FBDDFCC9" author="Poorani, J." box="[838,1040,826,850]" page="323" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" year="2002">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D851465460ABE0E3546FBDDFCC9" author="Poorani, J." box="[838,1040,826,850]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="307 - 383" refId="ref118931" refString="Poorani, J. (2002 a) An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (excluding Epilachninae) of the Indian subregion. Oriental Insects, 36, 307 - 383. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2002.10417335" type="journal article" year="2002">Poorani 2002a: 323</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD6651465460AB9523546FB26FCC9" author="Ren, S. X. & Wang, X. M. & Pang, H. & Peng, Z. Q. & Zeng, T." box="[1050,1259,826,850]" page="182" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" year="2009">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D851465460AB9523546FB26FCC9" author="Ren, S. X. & Wang, X. M. & Pang, H. & Peng, Z. Q. & Zeng, T." box="[1050,1259,826,850]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refId="ref120760" refString="Ren, S. X., Wang, X. M., Pang, H., Peng, Z. Q. & Zeng, T. (2009) Colored pictorial handbook of ladybird beetles in China. Science Press, Beijing, 336 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2009">
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||
Ren
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<emphasis id="B91A2C661465460AB9013547FBBBFCC9" box="[1097,1142,826,850]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2009: 182
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741465460ABDDF3524FC77FCEA" blockId="61.[151,1263,795,911]" box="[151,954,856,881]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A1465460ABDDF3524FC77FCEA" box="[151,954,856,881]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71465460ABDDF3524FDF3FCEB" ID-CoL="9G22G" authority="Gebler, 1832: 76" authorityName="Gebler" authorityPageNumber="76" authorityYear="1832" box="[151,574,856,881]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C661465460ABDDF3524FEE7FCEB" box="[151,298,856,880]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Coccinella 12-</emphasis>
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD6651465460ABC623524FDF3FCEB" author="Gebler, F." box="[298,574,856,881]" page="76" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" year="1832">
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||
<emphasis id="B91A2C661465460ABC623524FE46FCEB" box="[298,395,856,880]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">maculata</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D851465460ABCDA3524FDF3FCEB" author="Gebler, F." box="[402,574,856,881]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="23 - 78" refId="ref112508" refString="Gebler, F. (1832) Notice sur les Coleopteres qui se trouvent dans le district des mines de Nertchinsk, dans la Siberie orientale, avec la description de quelques especes nouvelles. Nouveax Memoires de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 2, 23 - 78." type="journal article" year="1832">Gebler, 1832: 76</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Synonymized by Belicek 1976: 327.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD1F0741465460ABDDF3504FC33FC14" blockId="61.[151,1263,795,911]" box="[151,1022,887,911]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A1465460ABDDF3504FC33FC14" box="[151,1022,887,911]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD6651465460ABDDF3504FDF3FC14" author="Mulsant, E." box="[151,574,887,911]" page="424" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" year="1850">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71465460ABDDF3504FDF3FC14" authority="Mulsant, 1850: 424" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityPageNumber="424" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,574,887,911]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Oenopia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsonotata">
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||
<emphasis id="B91A2C661465460ABDDF3504FEA2FC14" box="[151,367,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Oenopia dorsonotata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D851465460ABC3E350BFDF3FC14" author="Mulsant, E." box="[374,574,887,911]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 1104" refId="ref117842" refString="Mulsant, E. (1850) Species des Coleopteres Trimeres Securipalpes. Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie, publiees par la Societe nationale d'Agriculture, etc., de Lyon, Deuxieme Serie, 2, 1 - 1104. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8953" type="journal article" year="1850">Mulsant, 1850: 424</bibRefCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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. Synonymized by Booth &
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD6651465460ABE103504FC37FC14" author="Pope, R. D." box="[856,1018,887,911]" page="353" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" year="1989">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D851465460ABE103504FC37FC14" author="Pope, R. D." box="[856,1018,887,911]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="633 - 735" refId="ref118886" refString="Pope, R. D. (1989) A revision of the Australian Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Part I. Subfamily Coccinellinae. Invertebrate Taxonomy, 3, 633 - 735. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 9880633" type="journal article" year="1989">Pope 1989: 353</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF1465460ABDDF35C1FA9DFB48" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741465460ABDDF35C1FA9DFB48" blockId="61.[151,1437,957,1488]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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||
<emphasis id="B91A2C661465460ABDDF35C1FEDFFC4C" bold="true" box="[151,274,957,983]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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||
Length: 4.00–6.00 mm; width:
|
||
<quantity id="4C965D911465460ABF3335C1FCECFC43" box="[635,801,957,984]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="3.2" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="2.7">2.70–3.70 mm</quantity>
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||
. Form oval, dorsum moderately convex, glabrous. Head and pronotum orange-yellow, head posteriorly black, pronotum with a pair of oval black, discal spots on either side of middle, scutellar shield yellow, apically darker; ground colour of elytra pinkish in live specimens (
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||
<figureCitation id="1355ECF11465460AB87F3279FF68FBD8" captionStart="FIGURE40" captionStartId="62.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[231,1355,181,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-20@62.[231,1355,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE40. a.Calviasichuanica (Photo courtesy:Jaroslav Větrovec); b.Calvia quatuordecimguttata, live adult(Photocourtesy: K.C. Sajan, Nepal); c. live adult; d, e. Calvia quatuordecimguttata (BMNH); f, g. Calvia quindecimguttata (BMNH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261630/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 40b, c</figureCitation>
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||
), with 11 black spots arranged in a 3-4-3-1 pattern (
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<figureCitation id="1355ECF11465460ABFBA3255FCA0FBD8" box="[754,877,1065,1091]" captionStart="FIGURE40" captionStartId="62.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[231,1355,181,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-20@62.[231,1355,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURE40. a.Calviasichuanica (Photo courtesy:Jaroslav Větrovec); b.Calvia quatuordecimguttata, live adult(Photocourtesy: K.C. Sajan, Nepal); c. live adult; d, e. Calvia quatuordecimguttata (BMNH); f, g. Calvia quindecimguttata (BMNH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261630/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 40d, e</figureCitation>
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||
) as illustrated: each elytron with four black spots arranged in a 1-2-1 pattern, one large black macula on suture around scutellar shield, two more progressively smaller black spots on suture in apical third. Elytral coloration sometimes yellowish-brown with seven pale yellow spots arranged in a 1-3-2-1 pattern. Elytral punctures dense, uneven and of variable size, interspaces between punctures convex. Middle and hind tibiae with a pair of apical spurs. See Booth (1997) for male genitalia illustrations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF1465460ABD8F32A1FC03FAA4" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741465460ABD8F32A1FC03FAA4" blockId="61.[151,1437,957,1488]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C661465460ABD8F32A1FEACFB6C" bold="true" box="[199,353,1245,1271]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E41465460ABC2F32A1FE6CFB6C" box="[359,417,1245,1271]" name="India" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E961465460ABCE632A1FDB3FB6C" box="[430,638,1245,1271]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E961465460ABFC132A2FCD7FB6C" box="[649,794,1245,1272]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E41465460ABE6432A1FC4DFB6C" box="[812,896,1245,1271]" name="Bhutan" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E41465460ABEC332A1FC1CFB6C" box="[907,977,1245,1271]" name="Nepal" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
; Tibet. Booth (1997) mentioned that ‘it is a widespread and variably coloured Holarctic species which just extends into the more northerly parts of the Indian Subcontinent’. Widely distributed in the Palaearctic region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D851465460ABE7F3359FC0EFAA4" author="Kovar, I." box="[823,963,1317,1343]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1807" refId="ref116365" refString="Kovar, I. (2007) Family Coccinellidae Latreille, 1807. In: L ˆ bl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 4. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 568 - 631." type="book chapter" year="2007">Kovář 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF1465460ABD8F3335FF2DFA1C" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741465460ABD8F3335FF2DFA1C" blockId="61.[151,1437,957,1488]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C661465460ABD8F3335FE3DFAF8" bold="true" box="[199,496,1353,1379]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Prey / associated habitat</emphasis>
|
||
: Found feeding on psyllids and aphids on mulberry and pomelo trees (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D851465460AB8523335FF19FA1C" author="Sajan K. C. & Vetrovec, J. & Kafle, K." pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="157 - 165" refId="ref121067" refString="Sajan K. C., Vetrovec, J. & Kafle, K. (2019) Lady beetles of Nepal (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Coccinellinae from the fields at Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Khumaltar, Lalitpur. International Journal of Entomology Research, 4 (4), 157 - 165." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Sajan
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C661465460AB82B3336FA58FAF8" box="[1379,1429,1353,1379]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF1465460ABD8F33EDFBE6FA54" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD1F0741465460ABD8F33EDFBE6FA54" blockId="61.[151,1437,957,1488]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C661465460ABD8F33EDFEDCFA30" bold="true" box="[199,273,1425,1451]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Notes.</emphasis>
|
||
It is not commonly collected. Booth (1997) included it in his key to Indian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF71465460AB91E33EDFB3AFA30" box="[1110,1271,1425,1451]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C661465460AB91E33EDFB6CFA30" box="[1110,1185,1425,1451]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Calvia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and illustrated the male genitalia.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D851465460ABC2433C9FDF6FA54" author="Sajan K. C. & Vetrovec, J. & Kafle, K." box="[364,571,1461,1488]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="157 - 165" refId="ref121067" refString="Sajan K. C., Vetrovec, J. & Kafle, K. (2019) Lady beetles of Nepal (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): Coccinellinae from the fields at Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Khumaltar, Lalitpur. International Journal of Entomology Research, 4 (4), 157 - 165." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Sajan
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C661465460ABCF933CAFE2EFA54" box="[433,483,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided an illustrated account from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E41465460ABEA933C9FBE5FA54" box="[993,1064,1461,1487]" name="Nepal" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |