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<mods:title id="B2CE55438124D5B461344D8628442F9A">An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C7416214094661BDDF3093FD29F992" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8273737" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212450396" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8273737" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7416214094661BDDF3093FD29F992" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C7416214094661BDDF3093FD29F992" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14094666BDDF3093FD95F892" box="[151,600,1775,1802]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414094666BDDF3093FD95F892" blockId="81.[151,600,1775,1838]" box="[151,600,1775,1802]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<heading id="D099471814094666BDDF3093FD95F892" bold="true" box="[151,600,1775,1802]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714094666BDDF3093FD95F892" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[151,600,1775,1802]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septempunctata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614094666BDDF3093FD95F892" bold="true" box="[151,600,1775,1802]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614094666BDDF3093FE11F892" bold="true" box="[151,476,1775,1802]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Coccinella septempunctata</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14094666BDDF316FFEEAF8B5" box="[151,295,1811,1838]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414094666BDDF316FFEEAF8B5" blockId="81.[151,600,1775,1838]" box="[151,295,1811,1838]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
(
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114094666BDD7316FFED2F8B5" box="[159,287,1811,1838]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 54" captionStart-1="FIGURE 55" captionStart-2="FIGURE 56" captionStartId-0="83.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="84.[151,250,1720,1744]" captionStartId-2="85.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox-0="[220,1369,196,1916]" captionTargetBox-1="[152,1436,181,1697]" captionTargetBox-2="[178,1409,186,1914]" captionTargetId-0="figure-15@83.[216,1372,181,1920]" captionTargetId-1="figure-20@84.[152,1436,181,1697]" captionTargetId-2="figure-15@85.[172,1415,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId-0="83" captionTargetPageId-1="84" captionTargetPageId-2="85" captionText-0="FIGURE 54. Coccinella septempunctata L.: a. adult, dorsal view; b. abdominal postcoxal line; c. spermatheca; d–i. male genitalia: d, g. tegmen, ventral view; f. tegmen, lateral view; e, h. penis, variants; i. penis apex." captionText-1="FIGURE 55. Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, life stages: a–c. larva; d. pupa; e–j. adult." captionText-2="FIGURE 56. Coccinella septempunctata L., life stages: a, b. eggs; c–f. larval instars; g. pupa; h. adult, nominate form; i. adult, common variant." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261680" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261684" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261686" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8261680/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8261684/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8261686/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Figs 54–56</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14094666BDDF312BFD3FF871" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414094666BDDF312BFD9BF8F4" blockId="81.[151,1274,1879,2026]" box="[151,598,1879,1903]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14094666BDDF312BFD9BF8F4" box="[151,598,1879,1903]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714094666BDDF312BFD9FF8F4" ID-CoL="9G22G" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 365" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="365" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,594,1879,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614094666BDDF312BFED3F8F4" box="[151,286,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Coccinella 7-</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514094666BC563124FD9FF8F4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3912400" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3912400" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CA2DF23C-32B6-42C4-A9BA-C36B8687225F" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[286,594,1879,1903]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2CC45B5E42B50E0AAB29825B72C6BBC5" page="365" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" year="1758">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614094666BC563124FEB4F8F4" box="[286,377,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">punctata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514094666BC37312BFD9FF8F4" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[383,594,1879,1903]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refId="ref116876" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. 10 th Edition. L. Salvius, Stockholm, 826 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758: 365</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414094666BDDF310AFCB2F815" blockId="81.[151,1274,1879,2026]" box="[151,895,1910,1934]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14094666BDDF310AFCB2F815" box="[151,895,1910,1934]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514094666BDDF310AFD6AF815" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[151,679,1910,1934]" page="486" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" year="1932">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714094666BDDF310AFD6AF815" authority=": Korschefsky 1932: 486" authorityName=": Korschefsky" authorityPageNumber="486" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,679,1910,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septempunctata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614094666BDDF310AFE67F815" box="[151,426,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Coccinella septempunctata</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514094666BCF0310AFD6AF815" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[440,679,1910,1934]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refId="ref116133" refString="Korschefsky, R. (1932) Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 120. Coccinellidae II. W. Junk, Berlin, 435 pp." type="book" year="1932">Korschefsky 1932: 486</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514094666BFF9310AFCB6F815" author="Poorani, J." box="[689,891,1910,1934]" page="326" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514094666BFF9310AFCB6F815" author="Poorani, J." box="[689,891,1910,1934]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="307 - 383" refId="ref118931" refString="Poorani, J. (2002 a) An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (excluding Epilachninae) of the Indian subregion. Oriental Insects, 36, 307 - 383. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2002.10417335" type="journal article" year="2002">Poorani 2002a: 326</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414094666BDDF31E9FB37F836" blockId="81.[151,1274,1879,2026]" box="[151,1274,1941,1965]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14094666BDDF31E9FB37F836" box="[151,1274,1941,1965]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514094666BDDF31E9FD8FF836" author="Wiedemann, C. R. G." box="[151,578,1941,1965]" page="72" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" year="1823">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714094666BDDF31E9FD8FF836" authority="Wiedemann, 1823: 72" authorityName="Wiedemann" authorityPageNumber="72" authorityYear="1823" box="[151,578,1941,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusa">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614094666BDDF31E9FE97F836" box="[151,346,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Coccinella confusa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514094666BC2831E9FD8FF836" author="Wiedemann, C. R. G." box="[352,578,1941,1965]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="3 - 133" refId="ref123990" refString="Wiedemann, C. R. G. (1823) Zweihundert neue Kafer von Java, Bengalen und dem Vorgebirge der guten Hoffnung. Zoologisches Magazin, 2 (1), 3 - 133." type="journal article" year="1823">Wiedemann, 1823: 72</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514094666BF0531E9FCC6F836" author="Mulsant, E." box="[589,779,1941,1965]" page="112" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" year="1850">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514094666BF0531E9FCC6F836" author="Mulsant, E." box="[589,779,1941,1965]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 1104" refId="ref117842" refString="Mulsant, E. (1850) Species des Coleopteres Trimeres Securipalpes. Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie, publiees par la Societe nationale d'Agriculture, etc., de Lyon, Deuxieme Serie, 2, 1 - 1104. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8953" type="journal article" year="1850">Mulsant 1850: 112</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(as a var. of
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614094666BEC631E9FC3BF836" box="[910,1014,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">divaricata</emphasis>
);
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514094666B94431E9FB3AF836" author="Sudha Rao, V." box="[1036,1271,1941,1965]" page="1341" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514094666B94431E9FB3AF836" author="Sudha Rao, V." box="[1036,1271,1941,1965]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="1341 - 1343" refId="ref123235" refString="Sudha Rao, V. (1962) The status of Coccinella septempunctata L. and its varieties divaricata Oliv. and confusa Wied. Canadian Entomologist, 94, 1341 - 1343. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 941341 - 12" type="journal article" year="1962">Sudha Rao 1962: 1341</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414094666BDDF31CFFD01F850" blockId="81.[151,1274,1879,2026]" box="[151,716,1971,1996]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14094666BDDF31CFFD01F850" box="[151,716,1971,1996]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514094666BDDF31CFFDD8F857" author="Mulsant, E." box="[151,533,1971,1996]" page="90" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" year="1866">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714094666BDDF31CFFDD8F857" authority="Mulsant, 1866: 90" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityPageNumber="90" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,533,1971,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruckii">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614094666BDDF31CFFE9EF850" box="[151,339,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Coccinella bruckii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514094666BC1131CFFDD8F857" author="Mulsant, E." box="[345,533,1971,1996]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refId="ref117962" refString="Mulsant, E. (1866) Monographie des Coccinellides. 1 re Partie Coccinelliens. Savy et Deyrolle, Paris, 294 pp." type="book" year="1866">Mulsant, 1866: 90</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; Crotch 1874: 46.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414094666BDDF31AEFD3FF871" blockId="81.[151,1274,1879,2026]" box="[151,754,2002,2026]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14094666BDDF31AEFD3FF871" box="[151,754,2002,2026]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514094666BDDF31AEFD23F871" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[151,750,2002,2026]" page="491" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" year="1932">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714094666BDDF31AEFD23F871" authority=": Korschefsky 1932: 491" authorityName="Korschefsky" authorityPageNumber="491" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,750,2002,2026]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="septempunctata" subSpecies="brucki">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614094666BDDF31AEFE3FF871" box="[151,498,2002,2026]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Coccinella septempunctata brucki</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514094666BCB731AEFD23F871" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[511,750,2002,2026]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refId="ref116133" refString="Korschefsky, R. (1932) Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 120. Coccinellidae II. W. Junk, Berlin, 435 pp." type="book" year="1932">Korschefsky 1932: 491</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF11A0FC140A4665BDDF314FFD08F8F4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261678" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261678/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" startId="82.[151,250,1843,1867]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1819]" targetPageId="82" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074140A4665BDDF314FFD08F8F4" blockId="82.[151,1436,1843,1903]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140A4665BDDF314FFEEAF8D0" bold="true" box="[151,295,1843,1867]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">FIGURE 53.</emphasis>
a.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140A4665BC1B314FFD48F8D0" authority="Liu" authorityName="Liu" box="[339,645,1843,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longifasciata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140A4665BC1B314FFD9FF8D0" box="[339,594,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Coccinella longifasciata</emphasis>
Liu
</taxonomicName>
; b.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140A4665BFFF314FFC1DF8D1" authority="Kapur" authorityName="Kapur" box="[695,976,1843,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibetina">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140A4665BFFF314FFCB2F8D0" box="[695,895,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Coccinella tibetina</emphasis>
Kapur
</taxonomicName>
; c.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140A4665B948314FFB33F8D1" authority="Kapur" authorityName="Kapur" box="[1024,1278,1843,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lama">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140A4665B948314FFB63F8D0" box="[1024,1198,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Coccinella lama</emphasis>
Kapur
</taxonomicName>
; d.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140A4665B866314FFE04F8F4" authority="Faldermann" authorityName="Faldermann" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transversoguttata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140A4665B866314FFE87F8F4" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Coccinella transversoguttata</emphasis>
Faldermann
</taxonomicName>
(BMNH, type material).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF11A0FC140B4664BDDF31EBFB94F848" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261680" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261680/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" startId="83.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[220,1369,196,1916]" targetPageId="83" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074140B4664BDDF31EBFB94F848" blockId="83.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140B4664BDDF31EBFEEEF834" bold="true" box="[151,291,1943,1967]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">FIGURE 54.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140B4664BC6531E4FD89F834" authorityName=": Korschefsky" authorityYear="1932" box="[301,580,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septempunctata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140B4664BC6531E4FD89F834" box="[301,580,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Coccinella septempunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.: a. adult, dorsal view; b. abdominal postcoxal line; c. spermatheca; d–i. male genitalia: d, g. tegmen, ventral view; f. tegmen, lateral view; e, h. penis, variants; i. penis apex.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF11A0FC140C4663BDDF30C4FB87F94B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261684" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261684" box="[151,1098,1720,1745]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261684/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" startId="84.[151,250,1720,1744]" targetBox="[152,1436,181,1697]" targetPageId="84" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074140C4663BDDF30C4FB87F94B" blockId="84.[151,1098,1720,1745]" box="[151,1098,1720,1745]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140C4663BDDF30C4FEEDF94A" bold="true" box="[151,288,1720,1745]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">FIGURE 55.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140C4663BC6E30C4FD53F94B" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[294,670,1720,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septempunctata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140C4663BC6E30C4FDF4F94B" box="[294,569,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Coccinella septempunctata</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
, life stages: a–c. larva; d. pupa; e–j. adult.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF11A0FC140D4662BDDF31EBFE89F848" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261686" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8261686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261686/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" startId="85.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[178,1409,186,1914]" targetPageId="85" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074140D4662BDDF31EBFE89F848" blockId="85.[151,1436,1943,2003]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140D4662BDDF31EBFEEDF834" bold="true" box="[151,288,1943,1967]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">FIGURE 56.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140D4662BC6E31EBFDF4F834" box="[294,569,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septempunctata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140D4662BC6E31EBFDF4F834" box="[294,569,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Coccinella septempunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., life stages: a, b. eggs; c–f. larval instars; g. pupa; h. adult, nominate form; i. adult, common variant.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF140E4661BDDF36EAFEC2FE4A" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074140E4661BDDF36EAFEC2FE4A" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,1545]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BDDF36EAFEDFFF2B" bold="true" box="[151,274,150,176]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Length:
<quantity id="4C965D91140E4661BC3036EAFDD2FF2A" box="[376,543,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" metricValueMax="8.6" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="6.9" valueMax="8.6" valueMin="5.2">5.20–8.60 mm</quantity>
; width: 4.00–
<quantity id="4C965D91140E4661BFF336EBFCEFFF2A" box="[699,802,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="6.6">6.60 mm</quantity>
. Form oval, strongly convex. Head black, with a pair of semicircular frontal spots, one on either side of inner margin of eyes. Pronotum black, with a pale yellow or white anterolateral spot. Ground colour of elytra red, orange or yellow, elytral pattern in typical form (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1140E4661B9BF36A3FA94FF62" box="[1271,1369,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[220,1369,196,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-15@83.[216,1372,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 54. Coccinella septempunctata L.: a. adult, dorsal view; b. abdominal postcoxal line; c. spermatheca; d–i. male genitalia: d, g. tegmen, ventral view; f. tegmen, lateral view; e, h. penis, variants; i. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261680/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 54a</figureCitation>
) with seven black spots-one common spot around scutellar shield, and three on each elytron, with small whitish patches on either side of scutellar shield, just above scuellar spot; elytral spots often joined together (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1140E4661B9ED375BFAC8FEDA" box="[1189,1285,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="84.[151,250,1720,1744]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-20@84.[152,1436,181,1697]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 55. Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, life stages: a–c. larva; d. pupa; e–j. adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261684/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 55f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1140E4661B859375AFAF5FEDA" box="[1297,1336,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,186,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-15@85.[172,1415,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 56. Coccinella septempunctata L., life stages: a, b. eggs; c–f. larval instars; g. pupa; h. adult, nominate form; i. adult, common variant." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261686/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">56i</figureCitation>
). Ventral side almost completely black. Abdominal postcoxal line (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1140E4661BE533737FCB7FEFE" box="[795,890,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[220,1369,196,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-15@83.[216,1372,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 54. Coccinella septempunctata L.: a. adult, dorsal view; b. abdominal postcoxal line; c. spermatheca; d–i. male genitalia: d, g. tegmen, ventral view; f. tegmen, lateral view; e, h. penis, variants; i. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261680/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 54b</figureCitation>
) incomplete with an associated line. Last visible abdominal ventrite with a median bunch of hairs in males, posterior margin emarginate and prominently dented; subtriangular with arcuate posterior margin in females. Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1140E4661BE8937EFFBF5FE36" box="[961,1080,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[220,1369,196,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-15@83.[216,1372,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 54. Coccinella septempunctata L.: a. adult, dorsal view; b. abdominal postcoxal line; c. spermatheca; d–i. male genitalia: d, g. tegmen, ventral view; f. tegmen, lateral view; e, h. penis, variants; i. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261680/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 54d–i</figureCitation>
) and spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1140E4661B85D37EFFAB9FE36" box="[1301,1396,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[220,1369,196,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-15@83.[216,1372,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 54. Coccinella septempunctata L.: a. adult, dorsal view; b. abdominal postcoxal line; c. spermatheca; d–i. male genitalia: d, g. tegmen, ventral view; f. tegmen, lateral view; e, h. penis, variants; i. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261680" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261680/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 54c</figureCitation>
) as illustrated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF140E4661BD8F37A7FE49FDA6" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074140E4661BD8F37A7FE49FDA6" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,1545]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BD8F37A7FE58FE6E" bold="true" box="[199,405,475,501]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Immature stages.</emphasis>
Life stages as illustrated in
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1140E4661BF8437A7FCECFE6E" box="[716,801,474,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="84.[151,250,1720,1744]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-20@84.[152,1436,181,1697]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 55. Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, life stages: a–c. larva; d. pupa; e–j. adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261684/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 55</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1140E4661BE6437A6FC86FE6E" box="[812,843,474,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,186,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-15@85.[172,1415,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 56. Coccinella septempunctata L., life stages: a, b. eggs; c–f. larval instars; g. pupa; h. adult, nominate form; i. adult, common variant." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261686/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">56</figureCitation>
. Mature larva (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1140E4661BEBC37A7FBA1FE6E" box="[1012,1132,474,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="84.[151,250,1720,1744]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-20@84.[152,1436,181,1697]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 55. Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, life stages: a–c. larva; d. pupa; e–j. adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261684/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 55a–c</figureCitation>
) dark greyish to black with a pair of reddish / orange / yellowish lateral markings on abdominal tergite 1 and 4. Pupa (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1140E4661B9E93783FAC5FD82" box="[1185,1288,510,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="84.[151,250,1720,1744]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-20@84.[152,1436,181,1697]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 55. Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, life stages: a–c. larva; d. pupa; e–j. adult." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261684/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 55d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1355ECF1140E4661B85C3782FA8DFD82" box="[1300,1344,510,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,186,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-15@85.[172,1415,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 56. Coccinella septempunctata L., life stages: a, b. eggs; c–f. larval instars; g. pupa; h. adult, nominate form; i. adult, common variant." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261686/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<quantity id="4C965D91140E4661B85C3782FA8DFD82" box="[1300,1344,510,537]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.6" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="g" value="56.0">56g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
) orange with black markings.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF140E4661BD8F343AFA41FD1E" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074140E4661BD8F343AFA41FD1E" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,1545]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BD8F343AFEACFDFB" bold="true" box="[199,353,582,608]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Distribution.</emphasis>
It is a Palaearctic species but with a wide distribution almost throughout
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4140E4661B9DB343BFB00FDFA" box="[1171,1229,583,609]" name="India" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">India</collectingCountry>
and many parts of the Oriental region and Asia. North Africa. Adventively introduced in several countries including North America.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF140E4661BD8F34F2FE6DFB72" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074140E4661BD8F34F2FD71FBAE" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,1545]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BD8F34F2FE2BFD33" bold="true" box="[199,486,654,680]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Prey/associated habitat.</emphasis>
Commonly associated with aphids infesting crops such as mustard, wheat, maize, cowpea, cotton, sorghum, sugarcane, etc. in very large numbers, especially during winter months in the northern region.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BDA734ABFEB3FD6A" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1840" box="[239,382,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aleyrodidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BCC434ABFD02FD6A" authority="(Gennadius)" baseAuthorityName="Gennadius" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[396,719,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Bemisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabaci">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BCC434ABFDFAFD6A" box="[396,567,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Bemisia tabaci</emphasis>
(Gennadius)
</taxonomicName>
; Aphidoidea s.l.:
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BED534ABFBFCFD6A" box="[925,1073,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Adelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BED534ABFC3BFD6A" box="[925,1014,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Adelges</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661B90834ABFA80FD6A" authority="Koch" authorityName="Koch" box="[1088,1357,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="craccivora">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661B90834ABFACEFD6B" box="[1088,1283,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Aphis craccivora</emphasis>
Koch
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661B81434ABFE85FC8E" authority="Glover" authorityName="Glover" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gossypii">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661B81434ABFF3EFC8F" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Aphis gossypii</emphasis>
Glover
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BC193487FDFFFC8E" authority="De Geer" authorityName="De Geer" authorityYear="1773" box="[337,562,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pomi">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BC193487FE03FC8F" box="[337,462,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Aphis pomi</emphasis>
De Geer
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BF733487FC78FC8E" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[571,949,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Brevicoryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brassicae">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BF733487FCF9FC8E" box="[571,820,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Brevicoryne brassicae</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BEF73487FAE8FC8E" authority="Basu" authorityName="Basu" authorityYear="1961" box="[959,1317,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Cervaphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="rappardi" subSpecies="indica">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BEF73487FB28FC8E" box="[959,1253,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Cervaphis rappardi indica</emphasis>
Basu
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661B8673487FA51FC8E" box="[1327,1436,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Dreyfusia</emphasis>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BD893563FED7FCA2" authorityName="Vallot" authorityYear="1836" box="[193,282,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Adelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BD893563FED7FCA2" box="[193,282,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Adelges</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BC643563FD3AFCA2" authority="(Schneider-Orelli &amp; Schneider)" baseAuthorityName="Schneider-Orelli &amp; Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[300,759,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Adelges" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="knucheli">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BC643563FE46FCA2" box="[300,395,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">knucheli</emphasis>
(Schneider-Orelli &amp; Schneider)
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BE623563FB57FCA2" authority="Stebbing" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1910" box="[810,1178,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Chermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="himalayensis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BE623563FBE4FCA2" box="[810,1065,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Chermes himalayensis</emphasis>
Stebbing
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661B9E73563FEB9FCC6" authority="Hille Ris Lambers" authorityName="Hille Ris Lambers" authorityYear="1948" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Dactynotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carthami">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661B9E73563FA51FCA2" box="[1199,1436,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Dactynotus carthami</emphasis>
Hille Ris Lambers
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BCCE353FFD09FCC6" authority="(Das)" baseAuthorityName="Das" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[390,708,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Hyadaphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coriandri">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BCCE353FFDBAFCC6" box="[390,631,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hyadaphis coriandri</emphasis>
(Das)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BF9F353FFB69FCC6" authority="(Kaltenbach)" baseAuthorityName="Kaltenbach" box="[727,1188,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Lipaphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudobrassicae">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BF9F353FFBCCFCC6" box="[727,1025,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Lipaphis pseudobrassicae</emphasis>
(Kaltenbach)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661B9FD353FFEC6FC1A" authority="Takahashi" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Mindarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661B9FD353FFA51FCC7" box="[1205,1436,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Mindarus japonicus</emphasis>
Takahashi
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BC5B351BFEA7FC1A" box="[275,362,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BC5B351BFE96FC1B" authorityName="Passerini" authorityYear="1860" box="[275,347,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Myzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myzus</taxonomicName>
?
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BC22351BFDC6FC1A" authority="Laing" authorityName="Laing" authorityYear="1932" box="[362,523,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Myzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BC22351BFE0EFC1A" box="[362,451,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">ornatus</emphasis>
Laing
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BF5B351BFCACFC1A" authority="(Ashmead)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[531,865,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Peregrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maidis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BF5B351BFD13FC1A" box="[531,734,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Peregrinus maidis</emphasis>
(Ashmead)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BE21351BFC16FC1A" box="[873,987,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Pineus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BE21351BFC78FC1B" box="[873,949,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pineus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BEAC351BFA55FC1A" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1761" box="[996,1432,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Rhopalosiphum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nymphaeae">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BEAC351BFAD5FC1A" box="[996,1304,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BDDF35F7FE15FC3E" authority="(Monell)" baseAuthorityName="Monell" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[151,472,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Therioaphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trifolii">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BDDF35F7FEA1FC3E" box="[151,364,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Therioaphis trifolii</emphasis>
(Monell)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BCAA35F7FBDBFC3E" authority="Boyer de Fonscolombe" authorityName="Boyer de Fonscolombe" box="[482,1046,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Aphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantii" subGenus="Toxoptera">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BCAA35F7FCC6FC3F" box="[482,779,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Aphis (Toxoptera) aurantii</emphasis>
Boyer de Fonscolombe
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661B96835F7FB7DFC3E" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[1056,1200,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cicadellidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661B9F235F7FEDBFC52" authority="(Lethierry)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Lethierry" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Idioscopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clypealis">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661B9F235F7FA50FC3E" box="[1210,1437,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Idioscopus clypealis</emphasis>
(Lethierry)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BC6C35D3FE15FC52" box="[292,472,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Monophlebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Monophlebidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BCAF35D3FCFBFC52" authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" box="[487,822,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Drosicha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dalbergiae">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BCAF35D3FD1DFC52" box="[487,720,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Drosicha dalbergiae</emphasis>
(Green)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BE0D35D3FC02FC52" box="[837,975,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Diaspididae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BE9535D3FA55FC52" authority="(Comstock)" baseAuthorityName="Comstock" box="[989,1432,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Diaspididae" genus="Comstockaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perniciosa">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BE9535D3FAC8FC53" box="[989,1285,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Comstockaspis perniciosa</emphasis>
(Comstock)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BDDF35AFFEECFC76" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,289,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Lophopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lophopidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BC6535AFFDA9FC76" authority="(Walker)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[301,612,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Lophopidae" genus="Pyrilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perpusilla">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BC6535AFFE38FC76" box="[301,501,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pyrilla perpusilla</emphasis>
(Walker)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BF3835AFFD16FC76" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1807" box="[624,731,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Psyllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Psyllidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BFAF35AFFBE0FC76" authority="Kuwayama" authorityName="Kuwayama" box="[743,1069,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Diaphorina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citri">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BFAF35AFFC6CFC77" box="[743,929,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Diaphorina citri</emphasis>
Kuwayama
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661B97135AFFB08FC76" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1081,1221,979,1005]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
: early instar larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BDF0358BFE2FFB8A" authority="(Swinhoe)" baseAuthorityName="Swinhoe" box="[184,482,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Chilo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="partellus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BDF0358BFEA9FB8A" box="[184,356,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Chilo partellus</emphasis>
(Swinhoe)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BF55358BFCD4FB8B" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[541,793,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Helicoverpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armigera">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BF55358BFCD4FB8B" box="[541,793,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Helicoverpa armigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ḩbner). Pollen of wildflowers. Numerous other hosts recorded from
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4140E4661BC763267FEB5FBAE" box="[318,376,1051,1077]" name="India" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">India</collectingCountry>
and other parts of the world.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F074140E4661BD8F3242FDB8FBE6" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,1545]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BD8F3242FE0FFBC2" bold="true" box="[199,450,1086,1113]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Seasonal occurrence.</emphasis>
Collected almost round the year, particularly active during July–November in southern
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4140E4661BDDF321FFF1EFBE6" box="[151,211,1123,1149]" name="India" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">India</collectingCountry>
, and during winter in northern states.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F074140E4661BD8F32FBFE6DFB72" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,1545]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BD8F32FBFE55FB3B" bold="true" box="[199,408,1158,1185]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Natural enemies.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BCED32FBFCF1FB3A" authority="(Schrank)" authorityName="Maqbool et al." authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Schrank" baseAuthorityYear="1802" box="[421,828,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Dinocampus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coccinellae">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BCED32FBFD0DFB3A" box="[421,704,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Dinocampus coccinellae</emphasis>
(Schrank)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BE3732FBFB30FB3A" authority="(Dalman)" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[895,1277,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Homalotylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flaminius">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BE3732FBFB49FB3A" box="[895,1156,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Homalotylus flaminius</emphasis>
(Dalman)
</taxonomicName>
are common parasitoids of this species.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D85140E4661BC8832D7FCC7FB5E" author="Schaefer, P. W. &amp; Semyanov, V. P." box="[448,778,1195,1221]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="125 - 134" refId="ref121637" refString="Schaefer, P. W. &amp; Semyanov, V. P. (1992) Arthropod parasites of Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): world parasite list and bibliography. Entomological News, 103, 125 - 134." type="journal article" year="1992">Schaefer &amp; Semyanov (1992)</bibRefCitation>
provided a world list and bibliography of arthropod natural enemies of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF140E4661BD8F328FFD29F992" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD1F074140E4661BD8F328FFAD1FA06" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,1545]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BD8F328FFEDCFA96" bold="true" box="[199,273,1267,1293]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Notes.</emphasis>
This is the ladybird for many naturalists and perhaps the best-known species of the family. It is a habitat generalist and has proved invasive in many parts of the world outside its native range (CABI, 2022). It is a highly aggressive coloniser and non-target effects due to its introduction are fairly well documented. In the
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4140E4661B87B3347FAA4FACE" box="[1331,1385,1339,1365]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4140E4661BDDF3323FF23FAE2" box="[151,238,1375,1401]" name="Canada" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Canada</collectingCountry>
, where it was purposely, and possibly also accidentally, introduced, it has become well established and is out-competing native North American coccinellids, including
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7140E4661BE0633FFFADAFA06" authority="(Gordon, 1985)" baseAuthorityName="Gordon" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[846,1303,1410,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Hippodamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="convergens">
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BE0633FFFB92FA07" box="[846,1119,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hippodamia convergens</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D85140E4661B92633FFFAC2FA06" author="Gordon, R. D." box="[1134,1295,1410,1437]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 912" refId="ref113006" refString="Gordon, R. D. (1985) The Coccinellidae of America, north of Mexico. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 93, 1 - 912." type="journal article" year="1985">Gordon, 1985</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F074140E4661BD8F33DBFD29F992" blockId="86.[151,1437,150,1545]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D85140E4661BD8F33DBFD43FA5A" author="Puttarudriah, M. &amp; Channabasavanna, G. P." box="[199,654,1446,1473]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="87 - 96" refId="ref119835" refString="Puttarudriah, M. &amp; Channabasavanna, G. P. (1953) Beneficial coccinellids of Mysore - I. Indian Journal of Entomology, 15, 87 - 96." type="journal article" year="1953">Puttarudriah &amp; Channabasavanna (1953)</bibRefCitation>
provided brief notes on its biology and hosts. Kapur (1962) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D85140E4661B81E33DBFED8FA7E" author="Sudha Rao, V." pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1341 - 1343" refId="ref123235" refString="Sudha Rao, V. (1962) The status of Coccinella septempunctata L. and its varieties divaricata Oliv. and confusa Wied. Canadian Entomologist, 94, 1341 - 1343. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 941341 - 12" type="journal article" year="1962">Sudha Rao (1962)</bibRefCitation>
illustrated common elytral pattern variations.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D85140E4661BE5C33B7FB92FA7E" author="Gordon, R. D. &amp; Vandenberg, N." box="[788,1119,1482,1509]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="67 - 86" refId="ref113071" refString="Gordon, R. D. &amp; Vandenberg, N. (1995) Larval systematics of North American Coccinella L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 26, 67 - 86." type="journal article" year="1995">Gordon &amp; Vandenberg (1995)</bibRefCitation>
described and illustrated the larva. Illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D85140E4661BC313393FDFAF992" author="Ren, S. X. &amp; Wang, X. M. &amp; Pang, H. &amp; Peng, Z. Q. &amp; Zeng, T." box="[377,567,1519,1545]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refId="ref120760" refString="Ren, S. X., Wang, X. M., Pang, H., Peng, Z. Q. &amp; Zeng, T. (2009) Colored pictorial handbook of ladybird beetles in China. Science Press, Beijing, 336 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2009">
Ren
<emphasis id="B91A2C66140E4661BCE53393FE28F992" box="[429,485,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D85140E4661BF243393FD2DF992" author="Yu, G." box="[620,736,1519,1545]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refId="ref124811" refString="Yu, G. (2010) Chinese Lady Beetles (The Subfamily Coccinellinae). China Scientific Press, Beijing, 180 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2010">Yu (2010)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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