514 lines
59 KiB
XML
514 lines
59 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6D3751149BD4EB8C6475FC56E77FF03B">Reef sponges of the genus Agelas (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Greater Caribbean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="829CD56EA317F60B5FA300D03FCDE6D2">Parra-Velandia, Fernando J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="515E0F8FC01BD2FF6738D313ADA0B81D">Zea, Sven</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5BD16F222B92ABEB7E85A399AF6A57C7">Van Soest, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4F660F1A55DD4568D28ECB2F3B00191E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3E54BAEE86C22BCE811C548F60C2EFC2">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A97FC2890874754F927F92EA4BAA2550">3794</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F7DF34C016FFDEFF40CF8BDD08EEBB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5691133" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119425050" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5691133" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F7DF34C016FFDEFF40CF8BDD08EEBB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F7DF34C016FFDEFF40CF8BDD08EEBB" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="322" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
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<subSubSection id="C3443DA9C016FFDFFF40CF8BDF80EFEF" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE16E22C016FFDFFF40CF8BDDFEEF8E" blockId="20.[151,679,151,211]" box="[151,679,151,178]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
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<heading id="D0A9D94EC016FFDFFF40CF8BDDFEEF8E" bold="true" box="[151,679,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFF40CF8BDDFEEF8E" bold="true" box="[151,679,151,178]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFF40CF8BDE99EF8E" ID-CoL="5TQGF" authority="Lehnert" authorityName="Lehnert" box="[151,448,151,178]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulata">
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<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFF40CF8BDE0DEF8D" bold="true" box="[151,340,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Agelas tubulata</emphasis>
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Lehnert
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</taxonomicName>
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||
& van
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFDCBCF84DDFEEF8E" author="Soest" box="[540,679,152,178]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Lehnert, H., Soest, R. W. M. van (1996) North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia, 46, 53 - 81." type="journal article" year="1996">Soest, 1996</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE16E22C016FFDFFF40CFA6DF80EFEF" blockId="20.[151,679,151,211]" box="[151,217,186,211]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
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<figureCitation id="136572A7C016FFDFFF40CFA6DF80EFEF" box="[151,217,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1795,1817]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,221,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,221,1733]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 8. Photographs of Agelas tubulata. Note the position of oscules with respect to the growing axis plane. A) Holotype at ZMA. B) Jamaica. C) H. Lehnert image from ZMA photographic archives. D) Jamaica. E) Solitary tube, Belize; note the little tube bud at the lower left. F) Detail of the previous specimen. G) Robust tubes with irregular grooves at San Andrés Island, Colombia; note the even surface between grooves. H) Slender group of long tubes at San Andres Island; note predation marks." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286004/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3443DA9C016FFDFFF40CFE0DDE9EE2E" box="[151,688,252,274]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BE16E22C016FFDFFF40CFE0DDE9EE2E" blockId="20.[151,1436,252,550]" box="[151,688,252,274]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Etymology from Latin, meaning little trumpet shape.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3443DA9C016FFDFFF40CE06DDDDED1A" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE16E22C016FFDFFF40CE06DBBAEE0C" blockId="20.[151,1436,252,550]" box="[151,1251,282,304]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFF40CE06DED5EE0C" ID-CoL="5TQGF" authority="Lehnert" authorityName="Lehnert" box="[151,396,282,304]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulata">
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<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFF40CE06DE6EEE0C" box="[151,311,282,304]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Agelas tubulata</emphasis>
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Lehnert
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</taxonomicName>
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& van
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C016FFDFFE00CE06DD2FEE0C" author="Soest" box="[471,630,282,304]" page="53" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" year="1996">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFE00CE06DD09EE0C" author="Soest" box="[471,592,282,304]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Lehnert, H., Soest, R. W. M. van (1996) North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia, 46, 53 - 81." type="journal article" year="1996">Soest, 1996</bibRefCitation>
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: 53
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
; Zea
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<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFD7ACE07DD83EE0C" box="[685,730,282,304]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2009;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFCF1CE06DCA8EE0C" author="Messing" box="[806,1009,282,304]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Messing, C. G., Diaz, M. C., Kohler, K. E., Reed, J. K., Rutzler, K., Soest, R. W. M. van, Wulff, J. & Zea, S. (2009) South Florida Sponges. A guide to identification. Available from http: // www. nova. edu / ncri / sofla _ sponge _ guide / index. html (accessed 11 August 2012)" type="journal article" year="2009">
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Messing
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||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFC55CE07DCF6EE0C" box="[898,943,282,304]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">et al</emphasis>
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. 2009
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C016FFDFFC2CCE06DB86EE0C" author="Muricy" box="[1019,1247,282,304]" page="40" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" year="2011">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFC2CCE06DBE1EE0C" author="Muricy" box="[1019,1208,282,304]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Muricy, G., Lopes, D. A., Hajdu, E., Carvalho, M. de S., Moraes, F. C., Klautau, M., Menegola, C. & Pineiro, U. (2011) Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Serie Livros 46, 299 pp." type="book" year="2011">Muricy et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 40
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE16E22C016FFDFFF40CE25DB86EEB0" blockId="20.[151,1436,252,550]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4E490CC016FFDFFF40CE25DB86EEB0" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFF40CE25DE61EE73" ID-CoL="65QF6" box="[151,312,313,335]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFF40CE25DE61EE73" box="[151,312,313,335]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Agelas conifera</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C016FFDFFE90CE25DDBBEE73" author="Wintermann-Kilian" box="[327,738,313,335]" page="132" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" year="1984">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFE90CE25DDF4EE73" author="Wintermann-Kilian" box="[327,685,313,335]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Wintermann-Kilian, G. & Kilian, E. F. (1984) Marine sponges of the region of Santa Marta (Colombia) part 2. Homosclerophorida, Choristida, Spirophorida, Hadromerida, Axinellida, Halichondrida, Poecilosclerida. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 19, 121 - 135. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650528409360650" type="journal article" year="1984">Wintermann-Kilian & Kilian 1984</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 132
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C016FFDFFD3ACE26DCDAEE73" author="Zea" box="[749,899,313,335]" page="212" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" year="1987">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFD3ACE26DC0BEE73" author="Zea" box="[749,850,313,335]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe colombiano. Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 212
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(in part, only material from Santa
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C016FFDFFB39CE26DA73EE73" box="[1262,1322,314,335]" name="Malta" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Marta</collectingCountry>
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see pl. 13,
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||
<figureCitation id="136572A7C016FFDFFF10CE44DE5BEE52" box="[199,258,344,366]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,293,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,293,1805]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. SEM images of Agelas. A) Spicules of A. conifera holotype. B) Spicules of A. clathrodes holotype. C) to D) Fibre skeleton with primary and secondary fibre echination, in A. citrina (C), A. dispar (D, curved fibres) and A. conifera (E). F) Detail of the skeleton of A. conifera showing coring spicules in a broken primary fibre. G) Detail of the skeleton of A. citrina with its long spicules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285998/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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).
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C016FFDFFECFCE45DE89EE52" author="Humann" box="[280,464,344,366]" page="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFECFCE45DEF5EE52" author="Humann" box="[280,428,344,366]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Humann, P. (1992) Reef creature identification. Florida, Caribbean, Bahamas. New World Publications, Inc., Jacksonville, 320 pp." type="book" year="1992">Humann 1992</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 22
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
(in part, only left photo p. 22 and upper photo p. 23);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C016FFDFFC2BCE44DA1DEE52" author="Erhardt" box="[1020,1348,344,366]" page="78" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFC2BCE44DA79EE52" author="Erhardt" box="[1020,1312,344,366]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Erhardt, H. & Mooseleitner, H. (1995) Meerwasser Atlas. Wirbellose Tiere. Mergus, Melle, 2, 736 pp." type="book" year="1995">Erhardt & Moosleitner 1995</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 78
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(in part, only Fig. p. 79);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C016FFDFFEA6CE6ADD45EEB0" author="Gomez" box="[369,540,374,396]" page="75" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" year="2002">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFEA6CE6ADEAEEEB0" author="Gomez" box="[369,503,374,396]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Gomez, P. (2002) Esponjas marinas del Golfo de Mexico y del Caribe. AGT Editor, S. A., Mexico D. F., 134 pp." type="book" year="2002">Gómez 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 75
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C016FFDFFDF0CE6ADDBAEEB0" author="Alcolado" box="[551,739,374,396]" page="61" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" year="2002">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFDF0CE6ADD98EEB0" author="Alcolado" box="[551,705,374,396]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Alcolado, P. M. (2002) Catalogo de las esponjas de Cuba. Avicennia, 15, 53 - 72." type="journal article" year="2002">Alcolado 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 61
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(in part); Díaz 2005: 470;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C016FFDFFC24CE6ADB83EEB0" author="Collin" box="[1011,1242,374,397]" page="650" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFC24CE6ADBFEEEB0" author="Collin" box="[1011,1191,374,397]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Collin, R., Diaz, M. C., Norenburg, J., Rocha, M. J., Sanchez, J. A., Schulze, J. A., Schwartz, M. & Valdes, A. (2005) Photographic identification guide to some common marine invertebrates of Bocas del Toro, Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science, 41 (3), 638 - 707." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Collin
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFBEFCE64DB3CEEB0" box="[1080,1125,374,397]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 650
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C016FFDFFF40CE8ADD8FEE97" blockId="20.[151,1436,252,550]" box="[151,726,405,427]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
|
||
[Non:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFF0FCE89DD7BEE97" ID-CoL="65QF6" authority="Schmidt, 1870" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" box="[216,546,405,427]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFF0FCE89DE2EEE97" box="[216,375,405,427]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Agelas conifera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFE52CE89DD45EE97" author="Schmidt" box="[389,540,405,427]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Schmidt, E. O. (1870) Grundzuge Einer Spongien-Fauna Des Atlanthischen Gebietes. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt, 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a valid species)]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C016FFDFFF40CEA8DE7EEED4" blockId="20.[151,1436,252,550]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4E490CC016FFDFFF40CEA8DE7EEED4" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFF40CEA8DF85EEF6" ID-CoL="84L77" box="[151,220,436,458]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFF40CEA8DF85EEF6" box="[151,220,436,458]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Agelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
sp.;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C016FFDFFEDACEA8DD1AEEF6" author="Goreau" box="[269,579,436,458]" page="343" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" year="1966">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFEDACEA8DD56EEF6" author="Goreau" box="[269,527,436,458]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Goreau, T. F. & Hartman, W. D. (1966) Sponge: Effect on the Form of Reef Corals. Science, 151 (3708), 343 - 344. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 151.3708.343" type="journal article" year="1966">Goreau & Hartman 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 343
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFD99CEA8DD8CEEF6" author="Rutzler" box="[590,725,436,458]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Rutzler, K. (1978) Sponges in coral reefs. In: Stoddart, D. R. & Johannes, R. E. (Eds.), Coral reefs: research methods. Monographs in oceanographic methodology 5, UNESCO, 21, pp. 299 - 313." type="journal article" year="1978">Rützler 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136572A7C016FFDFFD37CEA8DC40EEF6" box="[736,793,436,458]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1850,1872]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,293,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,293,1805]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. SEM images of Agelas. A) Spicules of A. conifera holotype. B) Spicules of A. clathrodes holotype. C) to D) Fibre skeleton with primary and secondary fibre echination, in A. citrina (C), A. dispar (D, curved fibres) and A. conifera (E). F) Detail of the skeleton of A. conifera showing coring spicules in a broken primary fibre. G) Detail of the skeleton of A. citrina with its long spicules." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/285998/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
a, 3b;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFC8BCEA8DB35EEF6" author="Rutzler" box="[860,1132,436,458]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Rutzler, K. & Macintyre, I. G. (Eds.) (1982) The Atlantic barrier reef ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize I. Structure and communities. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 12, 1 - 539." type="journal article" year="1982">Rützler & Macintyre 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 4;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C016FFDFFB64CEA8DE7AEED4" author="Erhardt" page="82" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" year="1995">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFB64CEA8DFA4EED4" author="Erhardt" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Erhardt, H. & Mooseleitner, H. (1995) Meerwasser Atlas. Wirbellose Tiere. Mergus, Melle, 2, 736 pp." type="book" year="1995">Erhardt & Moosleitner 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 82
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C016FFDFFF40CEEDDDF4ED3B" blockId="20.[151,1436,252,550]" box="[151,685,497,519]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFF40CEEDDF85ED3B" box="[151,220,497,519]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Agelus</emphasis>
|
||
sp. A and B;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFEB0CEEDDE83ED3B" author="Colin" box="[359,474,497,519]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Colin, P. I. (1978) Caribbean reef invertebrates and plants. T. F. H. Publications, Neptune City, NJ, 512 pp." type="book" year="1978">Colin 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Figs. pg. 57 and 82.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C016FFDFFF40CD0CDDDDED1A" blockId="20.[151,1436,252,550]" box="[151,644,528,550]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4E490CC016FFDFFF40CD0CDDDDED1A" box="[151,644,528,550]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFF40CD0CDFB1ED1A" box="[151,232,528,550]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFF77CD0CDFB1ED1A" ID-CoL="84L77" box="[160,232,528,550]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Agelas</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
sp. 1;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFF4833C016FFDFFEFBCD0CDD72ED1A" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[300,555,528,550]" page="113" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" year="1986">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFEFBCD0CDEA3ED1A" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[300,506,528,550]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demonspongiae (Porifera). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, 86, 65 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">Pulitzer-Finali 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 113
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 32.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3443DA9C016FFDFFF40CD50DE58ECD6" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C016FFDFFF40CD50DE01EDCE" blockId="20.[151,1437,588,2031]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFF40CD50DE82ED59" bold="true" box="[151,475,588,613]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Material and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E5D080C016FFDFFE31CD50DD17ED59" box="[486,590,588,613]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
examined at the Zoölogisch Museum Amsterdam (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FF6E7C016FFDFFB62CD50DBADED58" box="[1205,1268,588,612]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">ZMA</collectionCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FF6E7C016FFDFFAD5CD50DA63ED58" box="[1282,1338,588,612]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">POR</collectionCode>
|
||
11323), collected at
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C016FFDFFEF5CD73DE26EDB4" box="[290,383,623,648]" name="Jamaica" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Discovery Bay, Long-Term Study Site (LTS),
|
||
<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C016FFDFFC4ACD6CDCA9EDBB" box="[925,1008,624,648]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.379999999999999" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" unit="m" value="83.8">83.8 m</quantity>
|
||
. The material reviewed here includes (but is not restricted to) specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C016FFDFFD8CCD8FDDB2ED90" box="[603,747,659,684]" name="Bahamas" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
(INV–
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FF6E7C016FFDFFCEECD8FDC28ED97" box="[825,881,659,683]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">POR</collectionCode>
|
||
817, INV–
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FF6E7C016FFDFFC39CD8FDB7CED97" box="[1006,1061,659,683]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">POR</collectionCode>
|
||
935),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C016FFDFFBBACD8FDB9EED90" box="[1133,1223,659,684]" name="Jamaica" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(INV–
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FF6E7C016FFDFFAC2CD8FDA14ED97" box="[1301,1357,659,683]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">POR</collectionCode>
|
||
1008),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C016FFDFFF40CDAADF86EDF3" box="[151,223,694,719]" name="Belize" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
(INV–
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FF6E7C016FFDFFEE7CDABDE31EDF3" box="[304,360,695,719]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">POR</collectionCode>
|
||
949), San Andres Island (INV–
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FF6E7C016FFDFFD0ECDABDC48EDF3" box="[729,785,695,719]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">POR</collectionCode>
|
||
979), Rosario Islands (INV–
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FF6E7C016FFDFFBB7CDABDBC1EDF3" box="[1120,1176,695,719]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">POR</collectionCode>
|
||
971) and Santa
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C016FFDFFA8ECDABDAC5EDF2" box="[1369,1436,695,718]" name="Malta" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Marta</collectingCountry>
|
||
(INV–
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FF6E7C016FFDFFF09CDC6DE4FEDCE" box="[222,278,730,754]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">POR</collectionCode>
|
||
871).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C016FFDFFF10CDE1DE58ECD6" blockId="20.[151,1437,588,2031]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
|
||
Other records: Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C016FFDFFE0BCDE1DD68EC2A" box="[476,561,765,790]" name="Mexico" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Xahuayxol,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFD01CDE2DC36EC2A" author="Gomez" box="[726,879,766,790]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Gomez, P. (2002) Esponjas marinas del Golfo de Mexico y del Caribe. AGT Editor, S. A., Mexico D. F., 134 pp." type="book" year="2002">Gómez 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Florida East coast (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFBB8CDE1DA38EC2A" author="Messing" box="[1135,1377,765,790]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Messing, C. G., Diaz, M. C., Kohler, K. E., Reed, J. K., Rutzler, K., Soest, R. W. M. van, Wulff, J. & Zea, S. (2009) South Florida Sponges. A guide to identification. Available from http: // www. nova. edu / ncri / sofla _ sponge _ guide / index. html (accessed 11 August 2012)" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Messing
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFB0BCDE2DA4BEC29" box="[1244,1298,765,789]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C016FFDFFAAECDE1DFA7EC05" name="Bahamas" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Zea
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFEE8CC3DDE28EC05" box="[319,369,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C016FFDFFE19CC3CDD50EC05" box="[462,521,800,825]" name="Cuba" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFDCFCC3CDD9DEC05" author="Alcolado" box="[536,708,800,825]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Alcolado, P. M. (2002) Catalogo de las esponjas de Cuba. Avicennia, 15, 53 - 72." type="journal article" year="2002">Alcolado 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C016FFDFFD00CC3CDC68EC05" box="[727,817,800,825]" name="Jamaica" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFC97CC3DDB04EC05" author="Goreau" box="[832,1117,800,825]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Goreau, T. F. & Hartman, W. D. (1966) Sponge: Effect on the Form of Reef Corals. Science, 151 (3708), 343 - 344. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 151.3708.343" type="journal article" year="1966">Goreau & Hartman 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFBBECC3CDBB3EC05" author="Colin" box="[1129,1258,800,825]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Colin, P. I. (1978) Caribbean reef invertebrates and plants. T. F. H. Publications, Neptune City, NJ, 512 pp." type="book" year="1978">Colin 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C016FFDFFB29CC3DDA0EEC04" box="[1278,1367,801,824]" name="Panama" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Díaz 2005;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFF34CC58DEE3EC61" author="Collin" box="[227,442,836,861]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Collin, R., Diaz, M. C., Norenburg, J., Rocha, M. J., Sanchez, J. A., Schulze, J. A., Schwartz, M. & Valdes, A. (2005) Photographic identification guide to some common marine invertebrates of Bocas del Toro, Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science, 41 (3), 638 - 707." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Collin
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFEE3CC59DE30EC60" box="[308,361,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Old Providence (two specimens mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFC2ACC59DB37EC61" author="Zea" box="[1021,1134,837,861]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe colombiano. Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 214), San Andrés Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFF49CC7BDEBBECBC" author="Erhardt" box="[158,482,871,896]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Erhardt, H. & Mooseleitner, H. (1995) Meerwasser Atlas. Wirbellose Tiere. Mergus, Melle, 2, 736 pp." type="book" year="1995">Erhardt & Moosleitner 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C016FFDFFE21CC7BDD64ECBC" box="[502,573,871,896]" name="Belize" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFD9ACC7BDDBAECBC" author="Rutzler" box="[589,739,871,896]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Rutzler, K. (1978) Sponges in coral reefs. In: Stoddart, D. R. & Johannes, R. E. (Eds.), Coral reefs: research methods. Monographs in oceanographic methodology 5, UNESCO, 21, pp. 299 - 313." type="journal article" year="1978">Rützler 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFD38CC7BDB45ECBC" author="Rutzler" box="[751,1052,871,896]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Rutzler, K. & Macintyre, I. G. (Eds.) (1982) The Atlantic barrier reef ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize I. Structure and communities. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 12, 1 - 539." type="journal article" year="1982">Rützler & Macintyre 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and NE
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C016FFDFFB5BCC7BDB89ECBC" box="[1164,1232,871,896]" name="Brazil" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(to 20° S,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFA9DCC7BDE4EEC9F" author="Muricy" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Muricy, G., Lopes, D. A., Hajdu, E., Carvalho, M. de S., Moraes, F. C., Klautau, M., Menegola, C. & Pineiro, U. (2011) Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Serie Livros 46, 299 pp." type="book" year="2011">
|
||
Muricy
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFF40CC90DF92EC9F" box="[151,203,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species seems absent from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C016FFDFFD4BCC97DC5FEC98" box="[668,774,907,932]" name="Barbados" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Barbados</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C016FFDFFC95CC97DCFBEC9F" box="[834,930,907,931]" name="Curaçao" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
|
||
, pending confirmation. From the above, we consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFF2BCCB3DE21ECFA" box="[252,376,942,966]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFF2BCCB3DE21ECFA" box="[252,376,942,966]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. tubulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a tropical western Atlantic species. Our specimens were found at
|
||
<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C016FFDFFBA3CCB3DB90ECFA" box="[1140,1225,943,967]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" unit="m" value="22.0" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="7.0">7–37 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, abundant at
|
||
<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C016FFDFFF40CCCEDFA4ECD6" box="[151,253,978,1002]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" unit="m" value="14.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="10.0">
|
||
10–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D58A5ABC016FFDFFF15CCCEDFA4ECD6" box="[194,253,978,1002]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="generic">18 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3443DA9C016FFDFFF10CCE9DB0FEAE7" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C016FFDFFF10CCE9DD87EB83" blockId="20.[151,1437,588,2031]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFF10CCE9DE00EB32" bold="true" box="[199,345,1013,1038]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
This species forms single tubes or clusters, fused along their sides (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136572A7C016FFDFFB9FCCE9DBDAEB32" box="[1096,1155,1013,1038]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1795,1817]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,221,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,221,1733]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 8. Photographs of Agelas tubulata. Note the position of oscules with respect to the growing axis plane. A) Holotype at ZMA. B) Jamaica. C) H. Lehnert image from ZMA photographic archives. D) Jamaica. E) Solitary tube, Belize; note the little tube bud at the lower left. F) Detail of the previous specimen. G) Robust tubes with irregular grooves at San Andrés Island, Colombia; note the even surface between grooves. H) Slender group of long tubes at San Andres Island; note predation marks." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286004/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Fig 8</figureCitation>
|
||
B), some thin-walled and long (8C, 8H), some stout and robust (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136572A7C016FFDFFD8ECB05DDCEEB0D" box="[601,663,1049,1074]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1795,1817]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,221,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,221,1733]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 8. Photographs of Agelas tubulata. Note the position of oscules with respect to the growing axis plane. A) Holotype at ZMA. B) Jamaica. C) H. Lehnert image from ZMA photographic archives. D) Jamaica. E) Solitary tube, Belize; note the little tube bud at the lower left. F) Detail of the previous specimen. G) Robust tubes with irregular grooves at San Andrés Island, Colombia; note the even surface between grooves. H) Slender group of long tubes at San Andres Island; note predation marks." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286004/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Fig 8</figureCitation>
|
||
G), arising from a common, generally narrow base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136572A7C016FFDFFB22CB05DA6AEB0D" box="[1269,1331,1049,1074]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1795,1817]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,221,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,221,1733]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 8. Photographs of Agelas tubulata. Note the position of oscules with respect to the growing axis plane. A) Holotype at ZMA. B) Jamaica. C) H. Lehnert image from ZMA photographic archives. D) Jamaica. E) Solitary tube, Belize; note the little tube bud at the lower left. F) Detail of the previous specimen. G) Robust tubes with irregular grooves at San Andrés Island, Colombia; note the even surface between grooves. H) Slender group of long tubes at San Andres Island; note predation marks." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286004/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Fig 8</figureCitation>
|
||
E); when branching, they usually do so from the base of another tube, and branching is usually not repeated. The whole specimen is
|
||
<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C016FFDFFEF2CB43DECEEB4B" box="[293,407,1119,1144]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" unit="cm" value="50.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="40.0">40–60 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter; each tube can be
|
||
<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C016FFDFFD2BCB7CDC34EB4B" box="[764,877,1120,1144]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" unit="cm" value="30.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="20.0">20–40 cm</quantity>
|
||
high and
|
||
<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C016FFDFFC34CB43DB61EB4B" box="[995,1080,1119,1144]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. External colour is orange yellow to reddish or pinskish light brown; internal colour is orange yellow to orange. Surface even, microrugose; pinacoderm rests on tracts of spicules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C016FFDFFF10CBD6DCCDEA71" blockId="20.[151,1437,588,2031]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
|
||
Robust specimens can have irregular grooves that may penetrate deep inside the tube wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136572A7C016FFDFFB07CBD6DA54EBDF" box="[1232,1293,1226,1251]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1795,1817]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,221,1733]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,221,1733]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 8. Photographs of Agelas tubulata. Note the position of oscules with respect to the growing axis plane. A) Holotype at ZMA. B) Jamaica. C) H. Lehnert image from ZMA photographic archives. D) Jamaica. E) Solitary tube, Belize; note the little tube bud at the lower left. F) Detail of the previous specimen. G) Robust tubes with irregular grooves at San Andrés Island, Colombia; note the even surface between grooves. H) Slender group of long tubes at San Andres Island; note predation marks." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286004/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Fig 8</figureCitation>
|
||
G); there are no oscules on the external surface. Pseudatria
|
||
<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C016FFDFFD70CBF2DC4FEA3A" box="[679,790,1262,1286]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2 to 4 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, with a collar-like membrane; oscules (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C016FFDFFAB4CBF1DF9DEA16" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">5–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
) scattered in the internal wall of the atrium. Consistency of the sponge is elastic, hard to tear and cut. Very hard when dry. The choanosome is dense with narrow channels (<
|
||
<quantity id="4CA6C3C7C016FFDFFC94CA28DCD1EA71" box="[835,904,1332,1357]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C016FFDFFF10CA44DB0FEAE7" blockId="20.[151,1437,588,2031]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
|
||
Skeleton with primary fibres cored (0–5 spicules per cross section) and echinated, 60–120 Μm in diameter; secondary fibres echinated, 40–90 µm in diameter. Tertiary fibres are not evident. The acanthostyles are straight with whorls of 5–8 spines; length 84–198 (114±23.7) µm, width 4–11 (6±1.5) µm and 11–24 (15±3) whorls per spicule. Detailed lengths, widths and average number of whorls are shown in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DC5B99C016FFDFFC2BCADEDB0BEAE7" box="[1020,1106,1474,1499]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,764,787]" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule measurements of Caribbean Agelas. n = 25. Values are minimum – maximum (mean ± 1 standard deviation)" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3443DA9C016FFDEFF10CAFADD08EEBB" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="322" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C016FFDFFF10CAFADE35E9B1" blockId="20.[151,1437,588,2031]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFF10CAFADE62EAC3" bold="true" box="[199,315,1510,1535]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C016FFDFFEB7CAFADEFEEAC3" box="[352,423,1510,1535]" name="Belize" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C016FFDFFE09CAFADD61EAC3" box="[478,568,1510,1535]" name="Jamaica" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFDBECAFBDDBEEAC2" box="[617,743,1510,1534]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFDBECAFBDDBEEAC2" box="[617,743,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. tubulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tubes tend to be smooth and long; in San Andres and Rosario Islands they tend to be robust and somewhat grooved. Orange brown to orange-yellow long tubes were early recognized as a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFE0CC931DD7EE979" box="[475,551,1581,1605]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFE0CC931DD7EE979" box="[475,551,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Agelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, related to but different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFC44C931DB4CE979" box="[915,1045,1581,1605]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFC44C931DB4CE979" box="[915,1045,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. conifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFB8DC931DB85E979" author="Colin" box="[1114,1244,1581,1606]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Colin, P. I. (1978) Caribbean reef invertebrates and plants. T. F. H. Publications, Neptune City, NJ, 512 pp." type="book" year="1978">Colin 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFACAC932DAC9E979" author="Zea" box="[1309,1424,1581,1605]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe colombiano. Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, intermediate morphotypes also led to the confusion of these two species (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFB5EC94DDBAFE955" author="Zea" box="[1161,1270,1617,1641]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe colombiano. Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFAD4C94DDACEE955" author="Gomez" box="[1283,1431,1617,1641]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Gomez, P. (2002) Esponjas marinas del Golfo de Mexico y del Caribe. AGT Editor, S. A., Mexico D. F., 134 pp." type="book" year="2002">Gómez 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFF40C968DE39E9B1" author="Collin" box="[151,352,1652,1677]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Collin, R., Diaz, M. C., Norenburg, J., Rocha, M. J., Sanchez, J. A., Schulze, J. A., Schwartz, M. & Valdes, A. (2005) Photographic identification guide to some common marine invertebrates of Bocas del Toro, Panama. Caribbean Journal of Science, 41 (3), 638 - 707." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Collin
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFF33C969DE4CE9B0" box="[228,277,1652,1676]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C016FFDFFF10C984DBADE8D3" blockId="20.[151,1437,588,2031]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
|
||
In a closer view, characteristics like colour, pinacoderm, skeleton arrangement and spicule architecture, this species is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFEAEC9A7DD58E9EF" box="[377,513,1723,1747]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cerebrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFEAEC9A7DD58E9EF" box="[377,513,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. cerebrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136572A7C016FFDFFDC6C9A7DD3AE9EF" box="[529,611,1723,1748]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,625,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,625,1759]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 14. Photographs of Agelas sventres. A) Two small masses, the Bahamas. B) Massive specimen from Curacao; note the surface aspect and the two different kinds of oscules. C) Massive specimen from Jamaica. D) Round, ball specimen from Barbados. E) Holotype from Jamaica (courtesy of J. Xavier)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286010/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFDAFC9A7DDADE9EF" box="[632,756,1723,1747]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFDAFC9A7DDADE9EF" box="[632,756,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. conifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFCFDC9A7DCE9E9EF" box="[810,944,1723,1747]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sceptrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFCFDC9A7DCE9E9EF" box="[810,944,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. sceptrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are indeed related species according to molecular phylogeny (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFE62C9C2DDF1E9CB" author="Parra-Velandia" box="[437,680,1758,1783]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Parra-Velandia, F. J. (2011) Speciation scenarios of sessile organisms in the Caribbean Sea: The genus Agelas (Porifera: Demospongiae), a case of high diversity in the area. Dr. Sc. Dissertation, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, 125 pp." type="book" year="2011">Parra-Velandia, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Indeed, Dr. P.M. Alcolado (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFC2DC9C3DB2FE9CA" box="[1018,1142,1759,1782]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">pers comm</emphasis>
|
||
., and see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C016FFDFFB3CC9C2DACCE9CB" author="Alcolado" box="[1259,1429,1758,1783]" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" refString="Alcolado, P. M. (2002) Catalogo de las esponjas de Cuba. Avicennia, 15, 53 - 72." type="journal article" year="2002">Alcolado 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) considers
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFEDFC81EDEDCE826" box="[264,389,1794,1818]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFEDFC81EDEDCE826" box="[264,389,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. conifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFE43C81EDD48E826" box="[404,529,1794,1818]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFE43C81EDD48E826" box="[404,529,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. tubulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFD9FC81EDD88E826" box="[584,721,1794,1818]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cerebrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFD9FC81EDD88E826" box="[584,721,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. cerebrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
variations of the same species (see remarks under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFAD8C81EDAD2E826" box="[1295,1419,1794,1818]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFAD8C81EDAD2E826" box="[1295,1419,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. conifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). We decided to maintain them as separate species until further study.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFC40C83ADB4DE801" box="[919,1044,1829,1853]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFC40C83ADB4DE801" box="[919,1044,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. tubulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFB7EC83ADA6BE801" box="[1193,1330,1829,1853]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cerebrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFB7EC83ADA6BE801" box="[1193,1330,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. cerebrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136572A7C016FFDFFA95C839DACAE802" box="[1346,1427,1829,1854]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,625,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,625,1759]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 14. Photographs of Agelas sventres. A) Two small masses, the Bahamas. B) Massive specimen from Curacao; note the surface aspect and the two different kinds of oscules. C) Massive specimen from Jamaica. D) Round, ball specimen from Barbados. E) Holotype from Jamaica (courtesy of J. Xavier)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286010/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
) in the general shape (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFE5FC855DD5CE85D" box="[392,517,1865,1889]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFE5FC855DD5CE85D" box="[392,517,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. tubulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tubes vs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFDA0C855DC59E85D" box="[631,768,1865,1889]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cerebrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFDA0C855DC59E85D" box="[631,768,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. cerebrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
barrel/vase-like thickened tubes), smooth and even surface in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFF62C871DE6DE8B8" box="[181,308,1900,1924]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFF62C871DE6DE8B8" box="[181,308,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. tubulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs. thoroughly grooved and uneven in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFD2EC871DCDDE8B8" box="[761,900,1900,1924]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cerebrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFD2EC871DCDDE8B8" box="[761,900,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. cerebrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(robust tubes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFB9DC871DB91E8B8" box="[1098,1224,1900,1924]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFB9DC871DB91E8B8" box="[1098,1224,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. tubulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have grooves, but they are scattered as seen in
|
||
<figureCitation id="136572A7C016FFDFFE02C893DD7DE894" box="[469,548,1935,1960]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1348,1370]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1327]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 12. Photographs of Agelas schmidti. A) Small round, tapered finger from Belize. B) Minute open tubes from Rosario Islands, Colombia. C) Fouled finger, the Bahamas (center only). D and E) Holotype at USNM (courtesy of K. Ruetzler and C. Dietrich)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286008/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFD30C88CDC3AE894" box="[743,867,1936,1960]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFD30C88CDC3AE894" box="[743,867,1936,1960]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. conifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the differences are the body size/cone-tube length relation, higher in
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFEBEC8AFDEB7E8F7" box="[361,494,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFEBEC8AFDEB3E8F7" box="[361,490,1971,1995]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">A. conifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
lower in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFD8BC8AFDD83E8F7" box="[604,730,1971,1995]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFD8BC8AFDD83E8F7" box="[604,730,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. tubulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(for more details see remarks under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFBA9C8AFDBA5E8F7" box="[1150,1276,1971,1995]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFBA9C8AFDBA5E8F7" box="[1150,1276,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. conifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFAC2C8AFDAC5E8F7" box="[1301,1436,1971,1995]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sceptrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFAC2C8AFDAC5E8F7" box="[1301,1436,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. sceptrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C016FFDFFEF3C8CBDEF9E8D2" box="[292,416,2006,2030]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="20" pageNumber="321" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C016FFDFFEF3C8CBDEF9E8D2" box="[292,416,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="321">A. tubulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the presence of tubes in the latter and its complete absence in the former.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C017FFDEFF10CF8BDB4BEE20" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,391]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
|
||
Following this model, a photograph presented in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C017FFDEFD21CF84DB31EF8C" author="Gomez" box="[758,1128,152,176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Gomez, P. (2002) Esponjas marinas del Golfo de Mexico y del Caribe. AGT Editor, S. A., Mexico D. F., 134 pp." type="book" year="2002">
|
||
Gómez (2002:74, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C017FFDEFC35CF84DB06EF8C" box="[994,1119,152,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C017FFDEFC35CF84DB06EF8C" box="[994,1119,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">A. conifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
clearly shows this species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C017FFDEFF40CFA0DE4AEFE8" author="Zea" box="[151,275,188,212]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe colombiano. Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned two specimens from Old Providence (N of San Andrés Island) referred by Klaus Rützler to this species when it was still undescribed.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C017FFDEFDA0CFC3DD9AEFCB" box="[631,707,223,247]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C017FFDEFDA0CFC3DD9AEFCB" box="[631,707,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Agelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1 (specimen not seen) as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF13D3C017FFDEFB7FCFC3DAC5EFC4" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[1192,1436,223,248]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demonspongiae (Porifera). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, 86, 65 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">Pulitzer-Finali (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
could belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E15A1C017FFDEFE9BCE1FDE91EE27" box="[332,456,259,283]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AB230C017FFDEFE9BCE1FDE91EE27" box="[332,456,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">A. tubulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A comparison of specimens should solve the issue.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE16E22C017FFDEFF10CE3ADD08EEBB" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,391]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">
|
||
With respect to colour, the underwater photographs of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E5D080C017FFDEFC89CE3ADC99EE03" box="[862,960,294,319]" pageId="21" pageNumber="322" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
show a yellow colour and the description states orange-yellow. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C017FFDEFE7BCE56DD66EE5F" box="[428,575,330,355]" name="Bahamas" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">the Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C017FFDEFD9BCE56DDCAEE5F" box="[588,659,330,355]" name="Belize" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C017FFDEFD1BCE56DC7FEE5F" box="[716,806,330,355]" name="Jamaica" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
the colour is amber to yellowish, darker in San Andres Islands and continental South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3492EB2C017FFDEFE3FCE72DD15EEBB" box="[488,588,366,391]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="322">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |