185 lines
16 KiB
XML
185 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="189EBE7AA67A21AE78AF513ED1C23B30" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32793" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7887c2f9-a00f-484e-93c2-595204b8e28d" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-1-133" ID-ZooBank="3447C0590FE0482F81D09F91BC1ED7EC" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1860-0743-1-133" ModsDocOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 1" ModsDocTitle="Tadpoles of three western African frog genera: Astylosternus Werner, 1898, Nyctibates Boulenger, 1904, and Scotobleps Boulenger, 1900 (Amphibia, Anura, Arthroleptidae)" checkinTime="1554510561182" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Griesbaum, Frederic, Hirschfeld, Mareike, F. Barej, Michael, Schmitz, Andreas, Rohrmoser, Mariam, Dahmen, Matthias, Muehlberger, Fabian, Christoph Liedtke, H., L. Gonwouo, Nono, Doumbia, Joseph & Roedel, Mark-Oliver" docDate="2019" docId="5641EF64543800F69F025F25EDE709E4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 95(1): 133-160" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32793" docTitle="Astylosternus fallax Amiet 1978" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="137" masterDocId="7B4FFF9EFF8EFFA7275BFFDEFFA0A36C" masterDocTitle="Tadpoles of three western African frog genera: Astylosternus Werner, 1898, Nyctibates Boulenger, 1904, and Scotobleps Boulenger, 1900 (Amphibia, Anura, Arthroleptidae)" masterLastPageNumber="160" masterPageNumber="133" pageNumber="137" updateTime="1701316964302" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3067A6F6CF3767838A58A69A36CE12BE">Tadpoles of three western African frog genera: Astylosternus Werner, 1898, Nyctibates Boulenger, 1904, and Scotobleps Boulenger, 1900 (Amphibia, Anura, Arthroleptidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1A56D02945A7503582289C9B2F0CFB29">Griesbaum, Frederic</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="32473224E5170B03F0878C1C133DF04C">Hirschfeld, Mareike</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B6407AE89D9F201A7111B5FDAD084E45">F. Barej, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C6F043FB63CE72509E41D415901E50A5">Schmitz, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4AE0BAB7542D2988B5C2BC21B3DC086B">Rohrmoser, Mariam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="52A2358EBFC0D203CDC7BFAB85EDD6FC">Dahmen, Matthias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7E0A3656A18830BE1B5548F3F5E9EE1F">Muehlberger, Fabian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E2595995FD064CCDC99D34DDF9FE54F3">Christoph Liedtke, H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F172B2C9A5BC2DB2E24669D70C89F1EF">L. Gonwouo, Nono</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E20D15B2EFB0CEB9C6C62BC722C119D7">Doumbia, Joseph</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="18E7CC9CC8EDC753BAAFACF09C5223B9">Roedel, Mark-Oliver</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9CC3BE5320BF6CDD535744A3CD7FF07B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="12F33BABBC06286DFF055BE1AC0181E4">Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="55BB505D100EE96C46CE6F563C64F71A">
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<mods:date id="83E5375155DD64EA21F609EB65976839">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="6FC7C2FB5D50D75A834E053010FDA28B" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5092F1225B960ECBFE8D6E5AB952DFE7">95</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="21EFF9284A427F575A5AF0F1B7DD152D">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C1BCA2AF96C46A650B1F293B3B22C584">133</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="15AA4470A1DA8324ED967012A24F0F42">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32793</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="333A97B676C57ABC2BFB656C8B523EB0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D005E22991FC2935C1981843DA623227" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.32793</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AD61457C24B75DC6DF8E104D7DC6B145" type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-1-133</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3E396E3B50F1F971391D655164E20F08" type="ZooBank">3447C0590FE0482F81D09F91BC1ED7EC</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="5641EF64543800F69F025F25EDE709E4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156108985" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5641EF64543800F69F025F25EDE709E4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5641EF64543800F69F025F25EDE709E4" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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<subSubSection id="86CD6CA6B90FFB9264093BA2B959BCF1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B87BBCAE3EFCBEA7901A39ABE6B63677" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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<taxonomicName id="DF2956350FDC0E381C0C5F3DEB6D14A6" ID-CoL="J643" authority="Amiet, 1978" authorityName="Amiet" authorityYear="1978" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Astylosternus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astylosternus fallax" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fallax">Astylosternus fallax Amiet, 1978</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CAF6F4994CC4CF9EB0BB4C2911B15542" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="965C65B5226A3F8EEC2D4E3B125ACDE5" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8A4B959F934EF0745083FFBCAF636746" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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ZMB 82868 (GenBank MK318849), 3 tadpoles, Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Ebo Forest, Njuma, 373 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="B6FE724F59504A72B945ACFBDB104090" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.348517">4°20'54.66"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="FA8AC0894B599923B2A0CF96AA4C8D8F" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="10.240084">10°14'24.3"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 16 July 2011, leg. M. Dahmen & M. Hirschfeld; ZMB 82869 (GenBank MK318850), 1 tadpole, Gosner stage 25, Cameroon, Ebo Forest, Njuma, 306 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="38FA24E3484BFE32803BA7A9679728C7" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.3432336">4°20'35.64"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="C16428CEBC1827ED734C9B73CE18C348" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="10.233483">10°14'0.54"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 29 September 2010, leg. M. Hirschfeld & M.-O.
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<normalizedToken id="011770EE987899CEC122150E8B238B29" originalValue="Rödel">Roedel</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C63B82512FFBDAB3492334890B5DA8E9" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">All tadpoles were caught in forest streams. The description is mainly based on ZMB 82868. Genotyped tadpoles have been compared with an adult from Bekop, Ebo forest, Cameroon (ZMB 82787; GenBank MK318851). The two tadpoles and the adult were genetically identical.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F59CAD76085DDE074B442318F340F847" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" type="description">
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<paragraph id="72A216FE8AE322993C4CA987E86269F5" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9014E7DEC51894E53B5E64B3837AB9" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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Long slender tadpole with long, muscular tail (Fig. 4); body oval in dorsal and lateral view; snout rounded in dorsal and lateral view; body length 36.3
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<normalizedToken id="959E14BB3822A31206A10EAA5CF5B733" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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2.6% of total length; body height 40.3
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<normalizedToken id="D9E9F76A9F484D56976E717D16FE25B4" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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3.3% of body length; body width 56.2
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<normalizedToken id="C55202687DF13829B3571EB5FD8F8B74" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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4.4% of body length; eyes positioned dorsolaterally, eye diameter 11.4
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<normalizedToken id="D02B932198E65DC7AD45A557BFE1EE42" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.5% of body length; nostrils positioned dorsolaterally, closer to snout tip than to eyes; inter-nostril distance 74.1
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<normalizedToken id="081A62FAAEABD72069E6F9E1DA8750B8" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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7.0% of interorbital distance; tail fins narrow, dorsal and ventral fin originating from tail base; ventral fin height narrower, 68.9
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<normalizedToken id="3156A0CBD39FE59623C18BE3B17C1843" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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11.5%, than dorsal fin height; highest part of tail approximately in the middle of the tail; body height 96.6
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<normalizedToken id="F5CEA4E256423B9095A942A892DA4671" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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14.8% of maximum tail height; tail axis width 45.6%
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<normalizedToken id="632DE88C7C9DBCC3EC9929DA1337DE81" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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10.0% of body width; tail axis height 69.3
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<normalizedToken id="38C52A19ABCC2F4821EBD72F749F1035" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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4.7% of maximum tail height; tail tip pointed; vent tube dextral; body with large lateral sacs, extending from spiracle to end of body; short spiracle, sinistral; mouth positioned rostroventral, narrower than interorbital distance; keratodont formula 1:2+2/2+2:1; anterior lip with lateral papillae and big rostral gap; posterior lip with 2 or 3 rows of app. 20 triangular papillae (Fig. 4c), papillae of inner row (or rows) shorter than in the marginal row; black jaw sheaths massive and serrated; upper jaw sheath with a small medial fang, lower jaw U-shaped with a broad medial notch.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="8D6DE87926CB70CF599374D4E0E21AF1" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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<paragraph id="1DE2516300129A33680DDFD5B0ED5C37" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName id="0AFA635C70EBA5E5D9AE047ED99A1A51" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Astylosternus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astylosternus fallax" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fallax">Astylosternus fallax</taxonomicName>
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(ZMB 82868 B; Gosner stage 25); a lateral, and b dorsal view; c oral disc; d keratodont arrangement; black bars = 1 cm, white bar = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="BC5D120D3B017CA4A9BF36F537D3CAA5" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">The tadpoles (all Gosner stage 25) ranged from 45 mm to 74 mm total length.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D5DA542046B6CA56A9CDBB7233B42054" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" type="coloration in preservation">
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<paragraph id="521B218F64D62AF971BD0AFF1278B123" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Coloration in preservation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4464476A91923D7638F18DC2E9283621" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Basic color light brown, the dorsal surfaces darker; back and tail with irregular, big, dark brown spots or blotches; venter light with few or no dark speckling; tail fins beige, semitransparent with dark brown spots.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4FA6F8A3127BF18DD19A1646F19E006D" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" type="taxonomic remarks">
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<paragraph id="495E7BD14A8EA61EFEEE4FDEB4FB0049" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Taxonomic remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9B5B0C79D752AF3902BFCD0BFFC0E863" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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Morphologically and genetically tadpoles of this species were very similar to
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<taxonomicName id="E56ED8D1882EBCF00379BEEA508D066F" lsidName="A. laurenti" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="laurenti">A. laurenti</taxonomicName>
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and a taxon (here termed
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<taxonomicName id="A0269EB542468F2CC51193266CC21E2B" lsidName="A. fallax" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="fallax">A. cf. fallax</taxonomicName>
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) which genetically was intermediate between
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<taxonomicName id="9B10BB119CF68431DF847A778FF5D97C" lsidName="A. fallax" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="fallax">A. fallax</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="D43C20379EADAD073FF5ED600505D22C" lsidName="A. laurenti" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="laurenti">A. laurenti</taxonomicName>
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(for respective tadpole descriptions see below). The uncorrected pairwise p-difference between
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<taxonomicName id="FA3FDDB338433E943D40376E3CFDDA61" lsidName="A. fallax" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="fallax">A. fallax</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="C74CF61D4DD3F30D79DD61888D7EC739" lsidName="A. laurenti" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="laurenti">A. laurenti</taxonomicName>
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was 2.55%, between
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<taxonomicName id="8B341A63B1EDAF10C01B70A4680771DC" lsidName="A. fallax" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="fallax">A. fallax</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="ACEA462605B6A652B6FD6C6F8CCFE4CB" lsidName="A. fallax" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="fallax">A. cf. fallax</taxonomicName>
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it was 1.85%, and between
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<taxonomicName id="A72654559457FF2C5C9D774F612478B8" lsidName="A. laurenti" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="laurenti">A. laurenti</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="3B8CBFAE1B8E57C355DE4554967BCEBB" lsidName="A. fallax" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="fallax">A. cf. fallax</taxonomicName>
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the distance was 1.99%. Further morphological and genetically research is necessary to conform if these three lineages represent distinct species or merely are representatives of one, genetically variable species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |