153 lines
20 KiB
XML
153 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="677E828328CF7A980072F52DC5B1E98C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5284.3.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7929469" ID-ZooBank="E2E21C6F-AB20-45E0-B058-1D75ABBD7219" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1683890305349" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Prada-Lara, Liliana, Jiménez-Bolívar, Andrea C. & St Laurent, Ryan A." docDate="2023" docId="03AA87D8AF14256B05BD1114FF772CEF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5284.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5284 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5284.3.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Heterocampinae" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="429" masterDocId="FF93FFA0AF0F2577052A165DFF952E07" masterDocTitle="Prominent moths (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) of Colombia" masterLastPageNumber="444" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="428" updateTime="1683903569039" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="63BDC0FE09843AAFE388FAEEE88C98FF">
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<mods:title id="E225D1EFD0ED1CF41EB925F4B0911110">Prominent moths (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) of Colombia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="626C7BEFA247A1D959A3CA9190B9B554" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="DFE99CCC725D0866A596E28C45252514">Prada-Lara, Liliana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E3E7AFCDA676278A97AD8A6A2E4F3CCF">Laboratorio de Entomología, Departamento de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D. C., Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7DFE9AA8231E78C9FAF1E133A36A9B55">Jiménez-Bolívar, Andrea C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1A6068E8F09D9131E7311B1054E1D2AB">Grupo de Investigación Biodiversidad del Caribe Colombiano, Semillero Sistemática de Artrópodos Neotropicales, Programa de Biología, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="584661BF11139D5245963D271D403F73">St Laurent, Ryan A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="ED4DF50842E205834DA38EFB426DA1D9">Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D. C., U. S. A. / McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="821578AE89D0763BA2A5BDA19B363530">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B7515F81070144E9100950DEAC479613">
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<mods:date id="7E1592A71E7F65875EAA6D53E9B54411">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="48087F065F0A8FC5BA7B2624049D71BC">2023-05-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1B99F6E541483A5BE80E2A43F67FAD29">5284</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8B180EDB8C2AB82060602596AC7377E2">3</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="F8A8656B0AF32DF300E747ABC83B2F95">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5284.3.1</mods:url>
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<treatment id="03AA87D8AF14256B05BD1114FF772CEF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87D8AF14256B05BD1114FF772CEF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87D8AF14256B05BD1114FF772CEF" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="429" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
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<subSubSection id="C3196545AF14256C05BD1114FEC92964" box="[151,348,1865,1891]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBC36CEAF14256C05BD1114FEC92964" blockId="27.[151,348,1865,1891]" box="[151,348,1865,1891]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
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<heading id="D0F481A2AF14256C05BD1114FEC92964" bold="true" box="[151,348,1865,1891]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF14256C05BD1114FEC92964" ID-CoL="93MWZ" ID-ENA="319767" box="[151,348,1865,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heterocampinae">
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<emphasis id="B977EADCAF14256C05BD1114FEC92964" bold="true" box="[151,348,1865,1891]" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Heterocampinae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3196545AF14256B05BD11D6FF772CEF" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="429" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBC36CEAF14256B05BD11D6FB7B2ED3" blockId="27.[151,1437,1931,2028]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1437,151,744]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="429" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">
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The subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF14256C046F11D6FE6929A2" box="[325,508,1931,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heterocampinae">Heterocampinae</taxonomicName>
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is currently the largest subfamily worldwide with 1250 described species for the Neotropical Region, urgently in need of a comprehensive taxonomic revision (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF14256C013911F3FAD529CE" author="Miller & Thiaucourt" box="[1043,1344,1966,1993]" firstAuthor="Miller" pageId="27" pageNumber="428" pagination="1033 - 1077" refId="ref19346" refString="Miller, J. S. & Thiaucourt, P. (2011) Diversity of prominent moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) in the cloud forests of northeastern Ecuador, with descriptions of 27 new species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 104, 1033 - 1077. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / AN 10141" type="journal article" year="2011">Miller & Thiaucourt 2011</bibRefCitation>
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). Adults are variable in shape and size (
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<figureCitation id="13382A4BAF14256C04D1118FFD0729EB" box="[507,658,2002,2028]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="31.[152,255,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[281,1306,181,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-24@31.[281,1306,181,1784]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 4. Notodontidae diversity. Adults of Hemiceratinae, Heterocampinae and Nystaleinae. A. Canodia difformis Herrich-Schaffer, 1854 (©Hubert Szczygieł) B. Hemiceras flavescens Schaus, 1906 (©Julian Alzate) C. Bellonina guasca (Schaus, 1933) (©Indiana Cristo) D. Chlorocampa manethusa (Druce, 1887) (©Heiner Ziegler) E. Hapigia repandens Schaus, 1905 (©Hudson Martins Soares) F. Trichomaplata vittata Wing, 1850 (©Thomas Shahan) G. Bardaxima lucilinea Walker, 1858 (©Douglas Meyer) H. Marthula quadrata Walker, 1856 (©Paola Rengel) I. Notoplusia marchiana Schaus, 1928 (©Gernot Kunz) J. Strophocerus sericeus (Schaus, 1905) (©Heiner Ziegler)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7929477/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="428">Figure 4C–F</figureCitation>
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); however, they can be recognized due to a prothoracic “beard tuft” present from below the head to the procoxae, male antennae usually pectinate, female antennae simple or pectinate, and a proboscis larger than the head but not larger than the thorax (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF13256B06AE16E7FB982ED3" author="Miller" box="[900,1037,186,212]" firstAuthor="Miller" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 230" refId="ref19097" refString="Miller, J. S. (1991) Cladistics and classification of the Notodontidae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea) based on larval and adult morphology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 204, 1 - 230." type="journal article" year="1991">Miller 1991</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF13256B013316E7FB772ED3" author="Miller" box="[1049,1250,186,213]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Miller" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" refId="ref19411" refString="Miller, J. S., Wagner, D., Opler, P. & Lafontaine, D. (2018) The Moths of North America, Fascicle 22.1 A. Drepanoidea, Doidae; Noctuoidea, Notodontidae: Pygaerinae, Notodontinae, Cereurinae, Phalerinae, Periergosinae, Dudusinae, Hemiceratinae. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, s. n, 348 pp." type="book" year="2018">
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Miller
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<emphasis id="B977EADCAF13256B014C16E6FB022ED3" box="[1126,1175,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2018
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36CEAF13256B05ED1680FEA42FF7" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,744]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
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The character known as the “cteniophore”, a paired comb-like structure found on the fourth abdominal segment, is unique to males of certain
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B04DB175CFD1C2F1C" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" box="[497,649,257,283]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Notodontidae</taxonomicName>
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groups. This structure is worth special mention because, according to published data so far, it is only present in
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B079C1779FCF82F39" box="[694,877,292,318]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heterocampinae">Heterocampinae</taxonomicName>
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in the Neotropics. To date, the function of the “cteniophore” is unknown, and its taxonomic distribution is confusing since it can be present or absent within groups of closely related species and genera (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF13256B07B01736FCB32F81" author="Miller" box="[666,806,363,390]" firstAuthor="Miller" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 230" refId="ref19097" refString="Miller, J. S. (1991) Cladistics and classification of the Notodontidae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea) based on larval and adult morphology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 204, 1 - 230." type="journal article" year="1991">Miller 1991</bibRefCitation>
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). We also note that the genera
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B01A91731FA862F81" authorityName="Herrich-Schäffer" authorityYear="1854" box="[1155,1299,364,390]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Anurocampa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EADCAF13256B01A91731FA862F81" box="[1155,1299,364,390]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Anurocampa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B00611736FA092F82" authorityName="Herrich-Schäffer" authorityYear="1854" box="[1355,1436,363,389]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Lobeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B977EADCAF13256B00611736FA092F82" box="[1355,1436,363,389]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Lobeza</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are treated here as belonging to
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B04DD17D2FD3B2FAE" box="[503,686,399,425]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heterocampinae">Heterocampinae</taxonomicName>
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and are not
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<emphasis id="B977EADCAF13256B061F17CDFC5A2FAE" box="[821,975,399,425]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">incertae sedis</emphasis>
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as previously reported by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF13256B01DE17D2FA0D2FAE" author="Becker, V." box="[1268,1432,399,425]" journalOrPublisher="Lepidoptera Novae" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 40" part="7" refId="ref17740" refString="Becker, V. (2014) Checklist of New World Notodontidae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea). Lepidoptera Novae, 7, 1 - 40." title="Checklist of New World Notodontidae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea)" type="journal article" year="2014">Becker (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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; ongoing sequencing efforts of
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B04DF17EFFD182FCB" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" box="[501,653,434,460]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Notodontidae</taxonomicName>
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have recovered both of these genera in
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B017117EFFA872FCB" box="[1115,1298,434,460]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heterocampinae">Heterocampinae</taxonomicName>
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(St Laurent unpublished).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBC36CEAF13256B05ED17A7FF772CEF" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,744]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
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Larvae exhibit subventral thorax setae in formula 2-1-1 (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF13256B067F17A4FBB12C14" author="Miller" box="[853,1060,505,532]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Miller" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" refId="ref19411" refString="Miller, J. S., Wagner, D., Opler, P. & Lafontaine, D. (2018) The Moths of North America, Fascicle 22.1 A. Drepanoidea, Doidae; Noctuoidea, Notodontidae: Pygaerinae, Notodontinae, Cereurinae, Phalerinae, Periergosinae, Dudusinae, Hemiceratinae. The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, s. n, 348 pp." type="book" year="2018">
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||
Miller
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||
<emphasis id="B977EADCAF13256B068D17A7FC4F2C14" box="[935,986,505,531]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2018
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
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<figureCitation id="13382A4BAF13256B011717A4FB432C13" box="[1085,1238,505,532]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="32.[152,255,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[249,1338,181,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-42@32.[249,1338,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 5. Notodontidae diversity. Larvae. A. Americerura cf. dandon Burmeister,1878 (©Jeisson Figueroa) B. Truncaptera truncata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1856) (©Kenn Kaufman) C. Erbessa sp. (©Elendil Cocchi) D. Crinodes sp. (©Gerardo Ochoa) E. Hemiceras sp. (©Miguel Diaz Anaya) F. Rhuda sp. (©Reinaldo Oliveira Elias) G. Naprepa sp. (©Reinier Munguia) H. Lobeza sp. (©Juan Carlos Mejia) I. Bardaxima sp. (©Cintia Lepesqueur) J. Nystalea ebalea Stoll, 1780 (©Matt Parr)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7929483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7929483/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Figure 5F–H</figureCitation>
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). Regarding their known host plants, most of the species are oligophagous, feeding especially on plants within
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B01801440FAF92C30" box="[1194,1388,541,567]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B05BD141DFF6A2C5D" box="[151,255,576,602]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<tableCitation id="C6810375AF13256B043A141DFEF12C5D" box="[272,356,576,602]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="33.[152,244,836,860]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="TABLE 3. Known host plants of Notodontidae present in Colombia. *Host plant recorded for the genus." pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Table 3</tableCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B0450141CFD9C2C5D" authorityName=", Cardenas & Posada" authorityYear="2001" box="[378,521,576,603]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Ianassa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colombia">In Colombia</taxonomicName>
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, caterpillars of
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B079C141DFCAA2C5C" box="[694,831,576,603]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Schizura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B977EADCAF13256B079C141DFC8D2C5D" box="[694,792,576,602]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Schizura</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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have been recorded as pests (defoliators) of the forest species
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B05DA1439FD862C79" authority="Willd. It" authorityName="Willd. It" box="[240,531,612,638]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mangium">
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<emphasis id="B977EADCAF13256B05DA1439FE382C7A" box="[240,429,612,638]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Acacia mangium</emphasis>
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Willd. It
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</taxonomicName>
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is worth stating that caterpillars of
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D4DAF13256B068F1439FB482C79" authority="(Drury, 1773)" baseAuthorityName="Drury" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[933,1245,612,638]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Lusura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EADCAF13256B068F1439FBA92C79" box="[933,1084,612,638]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Lusura chera</emphasis>
|
||
(Drury, 1773)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are used as food by indigenous communities in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C7F82CAF13256B04C514DAFDD52CA6" box="[495,576,647,673]" country="Colombia" name="Vaupes" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Vaupés</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B3FAF13256B076414D4FC562CA6" author="Gasca-Alvarez & Gonzalez" box="[590,963,647,676]" firstAuthor="Gasca-Alvarez" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="21227" refId="ref18733" refString="Gasca-Alvarez, H. & Gonzalez, W. (2021) Aproximacion al uso y aprovechamiento de insectos comestibles en las comunidades indigenas del oriente amazonico colombiano. Revista Peruana de Biologia, 28 (4), e 21227. https: // doi. org / 10.15381 / rpb. v 28 i 4.21227" type="journal article" year="2021">Gasca-Álvarez & González 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) during the season of abundance, between August and September. The most common way to collect the caterpillars is by hand when they are found on host plants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |