414 lines
57 KiB
XML
414 lines
57 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="26C7911A0CB028D98C12B77A847F2769">Taxonomic revision of the owlfly genus Glyptobasis McLachlan, 1873 (Neuroptera: Ascalaphidae) from India and its adjacent countries</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4599E1ACA4F6D26790B21D5117E1F67E">Suryanarayanan, Thangalazhi Balakrishnan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="41DCBC8805B70DFFCBD5944AD1B24D50">Shadpada Entomology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Christ College (Autonomous), Irinjalakuda, Thrissur, 680125 (affiliated with University of Calicut, Thenhipalam, Malappuram, 673635, Kerala, India) Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E1C484ABEF4AA250ED5B42E4741CCB27">Ábrahám, Levente</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="85D5AFA8DD1F5E5ED38AA63261FE7AC5">Rippl-Rónai Museum H- 7400 Kaposvár, P. O. Box 70, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0319CA1FB9E963FB901F8D58576BECC3">Bijoy, Chenthamarakshan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="39B6653FEFFB48C8F6A22343BF97F3FD">Shadpada Entomology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Christ College (Autonomous), Irinjalakuda, Thrissur, 680125 (affiliated with University of Calicut, Thenhipalam, Malappuram, 673635, Kerala, India) Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D6DD70CD59629009CE858BF83F762F37" type="email">bijoyc@christcollegeijk.edu.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<taxonomicName id="86E14D66FFF3FFC9CAE2FBAD4C27FBEF" ID-CoL="3GHM2" authority="Kimmins, 1949" authorityName="Kimmins" authorityYear="1949" box="[151,618,1106,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Glyptobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrifrons">
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<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFF3FFC9CAE2FBAD4C27FBEF" bold="true" box="[151,618,1106,1133]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">
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<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFF3FFC9CAE2FBAD4FE8FBEF" bold="true" box="[151,421,1106,1133]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">Glyptobasis nigrifrons</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="25704B14FFF3FFC9CBD9FBAD4C27FBEF" author="Kimmins, D." box="[428,618,1106,1132]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref12585" refString="Kimmins, D. E (1949) Notes on Ascalaphidae in the British Museum collections, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 2, 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222934908653955" type="journal article" year="1949">Kimmins, 1949</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="D9DA2A60FFF3FFC9CAEAFB884F6BFB12" box="[159,294,1143,1169]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 10" captionStart-1="FIGURES 11" captionStart-2="FIGURES 12" captionStart-3="FIGURES 13" captionStart-4="FIGURES 14" captionStartId-0="14.[151,264,1514,1538]" captionStartId-1="15.[151,264,1408,1432]" captionStartId-2="16.[151,264,1759,1783]" captionStartId-3="17.[151,264,1750,1774]" captionStartId-4="18.[151,264,1752,1776]" captionTargetBox-0="[175,1412,194,1477]" captionTargetBox-1="[190,1395,194,1371]" captionTargetBox-2="[201,1387,194,1723]" captionTargetBox-3="[201,1387,195,1708]" captionTargetBox-4="[276,1312,194,1716]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@14.[163,1425,181,1489]" captionTargetId-1="figure-24@15.[179,1407,181,1384]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@16.[188,1400,181,1736]" captionTargetId-3="figure-24@17.[188,1400,181,1725]" captionTargetId-4="figure-17@18.[263,1324,181,1729]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionTargetPageId-3="17" captionTargetPageId-4="18" captionText-0="FIGURES 10A–C. Holotype male of Glyptobasis nigrifrons Kimmins, 1949, NHMUK, A—Habitus, B—Head in frontal view; C—Thorax and legs in lateral view." captionText-1="FIGURES 11A–B. Glyptobasis nigrifrons Kimmins, 1949. A—Male habitus; B—Female habitus. Scale: 10 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 12A–E. Glyptobasis nigrifrons Kimmins, 1949. A—Head in frontal view; B—Thorax and legs in lateral view, C—Wing venation, D—Foreleg; E—Hindleg in lateral view." captionText-3="FIGURES 13A–F. Glyptobasis nigrifrons Kimmins, 1949. A—Male terminalia, in dorsal view; B—The same, in ventral view; C:—The same, in lateral view; D—Male genitalia, in ventral view; E—Female terminalia, in lateral view; F—The same, in ventral view." captionText-4="FIGURES 14A–B. Glyptobasis nigrifrons Kimmins, 1949. A—Adult male in natural habitat (photo: Mohammed Ramees K.); B—Habitat of species in Nelliyampathy, Kerala (photo: Nidheesh K.B.)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210129" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210131" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210133" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210135" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210137" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13210129/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13210131/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13210133/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13210135/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/13210137/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">Figs. 10–14</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFF3FFC9CAE2FB444F31FB50" box="[151,380,1211,1235]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">Glyptobasis nigrifrons</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="25704B14FFF3FFC9CBF0FB444C04FB50" author="Kimmins, D." box="[389,585,1211,1235]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref12585" refString="Kimmins, D. E (1949) Notes on Ascalaphidae in the British Museum collections, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 2, 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222934908653955" type="journal article" year="1949">Kimmins 1949: 25</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="C04010F4FFF3FFC9C823FB444D18FB50" author="Ghosh, S. K. & Sen, S." box="[598,853,1211,1235]" page="322" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" year="1977">
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<bibRefCitation id="25704B14FFF3FFC9C823FB444D18FB50" author="Ghosh, S. K. & Sen, S." box="[598,853,1211,1235]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" refId="ref12112" refString="Ghosh, S. K. & Sen, S. (1977) Check-list of Indian Planipennia (Order Neuroptera). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 73, 277. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 73 / i 1 - 4 / 1977 / 161921" type="journal volume" year="1977">Ghosh & Sen 1977: 322</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="C04010F4FFF3FFC9C914FB444A42FB50" author="Sziraki, G." box="[865,1039,1211,1235]" page="62" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" year="1998">
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<bibRefCitation id="25704B14FFF3FFC9C914FB444A42FB50" author="Sziraki, G." box="[865,1039,1211,1235]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" pagination="57 - 72" refId="ref13881" refString="Sziraki, G. (1998) An annotated checklist of the Ascalaphidae species known from Asia and from the Pacific Islands. Folia entomologica hungarica, 59, 57 - 72." type="journal article" year="1998">Sziráki 1998: 62</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="C04010F4FFF3FFC9CE6EFB444B76FB50" author="Chandra, K. & Sharma, R. M." box="[1051,1339,1211,1235]" page="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation id="25704B14FFF3FFC9CE6EFB444B76FB50" author="Chandra, K. & Sharma, R. M." box="[1051,1339,1211,1235]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" refId="ref11795" refString="Chandra, K. & Sharma, R. M. (2009) Checklist of Indian Neuropterids (Insecta: Megaloptera; Raphidioptera; Neuroptera). Zoological Survey of India, Central Zone Regional Centre Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 22 pp." type="book" year="2009">Chandra & Sharma 2009: 5</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="25704B14FFF3FFC9CF3DFB444BD0FB50" author="Bijoy, C. & Rajmohana, K." box="[1352,1437,1211,1235]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" pagination="29 - 30" refId="ref11758" refString="Bijoy, C. & Rajmohana, K. (2015) Interesting records of two rare ' owl-fly' species (Ascalaphidae: Neuroptera) from Kerala. Malabar Trogon, 13, 29 - 30." type="journal article" year="2015">Bijoy &</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="415E36E5FFF3FFC9CAB2FB254BD1FAAC" blockId="13.[151,1437,1211,1634]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">
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Rajmohana 2015: 29;
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<bibRefCitation id="25704B14FFF3FFC9CBDDFB254CC6FB71" author="Singh, L. R. K. & Ahmed, I. & Chandra, K. & Gupta, D." box="[424,651,1242,1266]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" pagination="501 - 508" refId="ref13636" refString="Singh, L. R. K., Ahmed, I., Chandra, K. & Gupta, D. (2020) Insecta: Neuroptera and Megaloptera. In: Director, Zoological Survey of India (Eds.), Fauna diversity of biogeographic zones of India: Western Ghats. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp. 501 - 508." type="book chapter" year="2020">
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Singh
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<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFF3FFC9CB9CFB244C51FB71" box="[489,540,1242,1266]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">et al.</emphasis>
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2020: 504
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="25704B14FFF3FFC9C8E0FB254DB9FB71" author="Suryanarayanan, T. B. & Bijoy, C." box="[661,1012,1242,1266]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" pagination="57 - 59" refId="ref13705" refString="Suryanarayanan, T. B. & Bijoy, C. (2021) Ant-lions and Owl-flies of Kerala. In: Proceedings of the International Seminar: Biodiversity Conservation & Climate Change. St. Joseph's College, Devagiri, Calicut, Kerala, pp. 57 - 59." type="book chapter" year="2021">Suryanarayanan & Bijoy 2021: 58</bibRefCitation>
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. Type locality:
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<collectingCountry id="39F67675FFF3FFC9CB5CFB074F10FA93" box="[297,349,1272,1296]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">India</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="8325F807FFF3FFC9CB1EFB074FF9FA93" box="[363,436,1272,1296]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">Kerala</collectingRegion>
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).
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<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFF3FFC9CAE2FAE74FDDFAAC" box="[151,400,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">Type material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="9E5A8847FFF3FFC9CBE1FAE84FBFFAAC" box="[404,498,1303,1327]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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male, preserved in
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<collectionCode id="27F0AE20FFF3FFC9C8C2FAE74D54FAAC" box="[695,793,1304,1327]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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, was checked. / [Holo]Type // Tenmalai 500–800’ / Travancore /
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</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="F1893CB8FFF3FFC9CAB2FAC94BD1FACE" box="[199,1436,1334,1358]" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="Kim." country="India" determinerName="D. E. Kimmins" location="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
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S.
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<collectingCountry id="39F67675FFF3FFC9CA94FAC94F58FACD" box="[225,277,1334,1358]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
/ 11–17-X-[19]38 // Brit. Mus / 1939. 205 //
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86E14D66FFF3FFC9C8A6FAC94DF8FACD" authorityName="Kimmins" authorityYear="1949" box="[723,949,1334,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Glyptobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFF3FFC9C8A6FAC94DF8FACD" box="[723,949,1334,1358]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">Glyptobasis nigrifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<specimenCount id="57E7FD6CFFF3FFC9C9B2FAC94D97FACE" box="[967,986,1334,1357]" count="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectorName id="EC145333FFF3FFC9C9AAFAC94A5EFACD" box="[991,1043,1334,1358]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">Kim.</collectorName>
|
||
/
|
||
<determinerName id="B482DA21FFF3FFC9CE51FAC94AF6FACD" box="[1060,1211,1334,1358]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">D. E. Kimmins</determinerName>
|
||
det. 1947. //
|
||
<collectionCode id="27F0AE20FFF3FFC9CF49FAC94BD1FACE" box="[1340,1436,1334,1357]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="415E36E5FFF3FFC9CAB2FAAA4BD1F986" blockId="13.[151,1437,1211,1634]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F1893CB8FFF3FFC9CAB2FAAA4C85FA64" collectingDate="2023-11-18" collectionCode="UTC" collectorName="Retrieved" county="In" elevation="198" location="Tenmalai" municipality="Travancore" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" specimenCount="1">
|
||
0138040011 / (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D9DA2A60FFF3FFC9CB15FAAB4FAAFAEE" box="[352,487,1364,1389]" captionStart="FIGURES 10" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1514,1538]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,194,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[163,1425,181,1489]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 10A–C. Holotype male of Glyptobasis nigrifrons Kimmins, 1949, NHMUK, A—Habitus, B—Head in frontal view; C—Thorax and legs in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210129/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">Figs. 10A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additional figs. https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/cb63203c-b93d-4c7c-8ea1-1244988aa8a7/1700092800000
|
||
<collectorName id="EC145333FFF3FFC9CAE2FA4F4EB3FA4B" box="[151,254,1456,1480]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">Retrieved</collectorName>
|
||
:
|
||
<date id="355F1025FFF3FFC9CB72FA4E4FC1FA4A" box="[263,396,1457,1481]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" value="2023-11-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="251BE9CDFFF3FFC9CB72FA4E4FC1FA4A" box="[263,396,1457,1481]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" value="2023-11-18">18 Nov 2023</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
18:43:09 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="27F0AE20FFF3FFC9CB8CFA4E4C63FA4A" box="[505,558,1457,1481]" country="USA" name="University of Tennessee at Chattanooga" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" type="University or college">UTC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
<collectingCounty id="A83F4E69FFF3FFC9CAE2FA2F4EE1FA64" box="[151,172,1488,1511]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">In</collectingCounty>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25704B14FFF3FFC9CAC6FA304F12FA64" author="Kimmins, D." box="[179,351,1487,1511]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref12585" refString="Kimmins, D. E (1949) Notes on Ascalaphidae in the British Museum collections, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 2, 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222934908653955" type="journal article" year="1949">Kimmins (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="A13AAC9FFFF3FFC9CB1DFA2F4F90FA64" box="[360,477,1488,1511]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">Travancore</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="443E603EFFF3FFC9CB93FA304C0AFA64" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C94887F3FFF3FFD7CAE2FBAD4F2BFCBA:443E603EFFF3FFC9CB93FA304C0AFA64" box="[486,583,1487,1511]" county="In" municipality="Travancore" name="Tenmalai" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">Tenmalai</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="86199B00FFF3FFC9C824FA304C85FA64" box="[593,712,1487,1511]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9812" metricValueMax="2.4384" metricValueMin="1.524" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" unit="ft" value="650.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="500.0">
|
||
<elevation id="CACCD1D6FFF3FFC9C824FA304C85FA64" box="[593,712,1487,1511]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9812" metricValueMax="2.4384" metricValueMin="1.524" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" unit="ft" value="650.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="500.0">500–800 ft.</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F1893CB8FFF3FFC9C8A7FA304BD5F986" collectingDate="1938-10-11" collectingDateMax="1938-10-17" collectingDateMin="1938-10-11" collectionCode="SERL" collectorName="G. M. Henry & In" country="India" elevation="1196" location="Nelliyampathy" municipality="Palakkad Dist." pageId="13" pageNumber="401" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
<date id="355F1025FFF3FFC9C8A7FA304D22FA64" box="[722,879,1487,1511]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" value="1938-10-11" valueMax="1938-10-17" valueMin="1938-10-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="251BE9CDFFF3FFC9C8A7FA304D22FA64" box="[722,879,1487,1511]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" value="1938-10-11" valueMax="1938-10-17" valueMin="1938-10-11">11–17. X. 1938</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="EC145333FFF3FFC9C908FA304A49FA64" box="[893,1028,1487,1511]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">G. M. Henry</collectorName>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFF3FFC9CAE2FA114F98F985" box="[151,469,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectorName id="EC145333FFF3FFC9CBABFA114FBEF986" box="[478,499,1518,1541]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">In</collectorName>
|
||
coll.
|
||
<collectionCode id="27F0AE20FFF3FFC9C841FA114C3BF985" box="[564,630,1518,1542]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">SERL</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="57E7FD6CFFF3FFC9C8F6FA114CE9F985" box="[643,676,1518,1542]" count="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="57E7FD6CFFF3FFC9C8C6FA114C9EF985" box="[691,723,1518,1542]" count="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="39F67675FFF3FFC9C8A8FA114D6AF985" box="[733,807,1518,1542]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8325F807FFF3FFC9C940FA114DF5F985" box="[821,952,1518,1542]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">Kerala State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="A13AAC9FFFF3FFC9C9B3FA114A2DF985" box="[966,1120,1518,1542]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">Palakkad Dist.</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
[rict],
|
||
<location id="443E603EFFF3FFC9CED4FA114B74F985" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C94887F3FFF3FFD7CAE2FBAD4F2BFCBA:443E603EFFF3FFC9CED4FA114B74F985" box="[1185,1337,1518,1542]" country="India" municipality="Palakkad Dist." name="Nelliyampathy" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" stateProvince="Kerala">Nelliyampathy</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="86199B00FFF3FFC9CF33FA114BD5F986" box="[1350,1432,1518,1542]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.196" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" unit="m" value="1196.0">
|
||
<elevation id="CACCD1D6FFF3FFC9CF33FA114BD5F986" box="[1350,1432,1518,1542]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.196" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" unit="m" value="1196.0">1196 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="415E36E5FFF3FFC9CAB2F9F34BD0F9A6" blockId="13.[151,1437,1211,1634]" box="[199,1437,1548,1573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">
|
||
(coordinates:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="24D55022FFF3FFC9CB2CF9F34FBAF9A7" box="[345,503,1548,1572]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" precision="1" seconds="16.51" value="10.53792">10°32’16.51”N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="24D55022FFF3FFC9C87CF9F34CE8F9A7" box="[521,677,1548,1572]" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" precision="1" seconds="31.57" value="76.70876">76°42’31.57”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F1893CB8FFF3FFC9C8CBF9F24B4CF9A6" box="[702,1281,1548,1573]" collectingDate="2021-10-07" collectionCode="SERLNR" collectorName="Suryanarayanan. T. B." pageId="13" pageNumber="401" specimenCode="SERLNR181" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<date id="355F1025FFF3FFC9C8CBF9F24D66F9A6" box="[702,811,1549,1573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" value="2021-10-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="251BE9CDFFF3FFC9C8CBF9F24D66F9A6" box="[702,811,1549,1573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" value="2021-10-07">07.X.2021</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFF3FFC9C948F9F34D2EF9A7" box="[829,867,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectorName id="EC145333FFF3FFC9C905F9F24A2CF9A7" box="[880,1121,1549,1573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">Suryanarayanan. T. B.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="11479E9EFFF3FFC9CE01F9F24AB0F9A6" box="[1140,1277,1549,1573]" collectionCode="SERLNR" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">SERLNR181</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F1893CB8FFF3FFC9CF7AF9F24BD4F9A6" box="[1295,1433,1549,1573]" collectingDate="2021-10-07" collectionCode="SERLNR" collectorName="Suryanarayanan. T. B." isTailEnumeration="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" specimenCode="SERLNR182" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="11479E9EFFF3FFC9CF7AF9F24BD4F9A6" box="[1295,1433,1549,1573]" collectionCode="SERLNR" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">SERLNR182</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="415E36E5FFF3FFC9CAB2F9D44BD1F9C0" blockId="13.[151,1437,1211,1634]" box="[199,1436,1579,1603]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F1893CB8FFF3FFC9CAB2F9D44BD5F9C0" box="[199,1432,1579,1603]" country="India" elevation="63" latitude="11.292418" location="Nedumkayam" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.3405" municipality="Malappuram Dist." pageId="13" pageNumber="401" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
<specimenCount id="57E7FD6CFFF3FFC9CAB2F9D44EAAF9C0" box="[199,231,1579,1603]" count="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="39F67675FFF3FFC9CA84F9D44F76F9C0" box="[241,315,1579,1603]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8325F807FFF3FFC9CB3DF9D44F86F9C0" box="[328,459,1579,1603]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">Kerala State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="A13AAC9FFFF3FFC9CBADF9D44CDAF9C0" box="[472,663,1579,1603]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">Malappuram Dist.</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
[rict],
|
||
<location id="443E603EFFF3FFC9C8A2F9D44D25F9C0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C94887F3FFF3FFD7CAE2FBAD4F2BFCBA:443E603EFFF3FFC9C8A2F9D44D25F9C0" box="[727,872,1579,1603]" country="India" latitude="11.292418" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.3405" municipality="Malappuram Dist." name="Nedumkayam" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" stateProvince="Kerala">Nedumkayam</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="86199B00FFF3FFC9C900F9D44DE3F9C0" box="[885,942,1579,1603]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" unit="m" value="63.0">
|
||
<elevation id="CACCD1D6FFF3FFC9C900F9D44DE3F9C0" box="[885,942,1579,1603]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" unit="m" value="63.0">63 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, (coordinates:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="24D55022FFF3FFC9CE3FF9D44AAAF9C0" box="[1098,1255,1579,1603]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" precision="1" seconds="32.70" value="11.292418">11°17’32.70”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="24D55022FFF3FFC9CE81F9D44BDCF9C0" box="[1268,1425,1579,1603]" degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" precision="1" seconds="25.80" value="76.3405">76°20’25.80”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="415E36E5FFF3FFC9CAB2F9B54CA8F9E1" blockId="13.[151,1437,1211,1634]" box="[199,741,1610,1634]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F1893CB8FFF3FFC9CAB2F9B54CAFF9E1" box="[199,738,1610,1634]" collectingDate="2021-10-11" collectionCode="SERLNR" collectorName="Suryanarayanan. T. B." pageId="13" pageNumber="401" specimenCode="SERLNR193" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<date id="355F1025FFF3FFC9CAB2F9B54F79F9E1" box="[199,308,1610,1634]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" value="2021-10-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="251BE9CDFFF3FFC9CAB2F9B54F79F9E1" box="[199,308,1610,1634]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" value="2021-10-11">11.X.2021</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFF3FFC9CB4BF9B54F29F9E1" box="[318,356,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectorName id="EC145333FFF3FFC9CB1CF9B54C01F9E2" box="[361,588,1610,1634]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">Suryanarayanan. T. B.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="11479E9EFFF3FFC9C822F9B54CAFF9E1" box="[599,738,1610,1634]" collectionCode="SERLNR" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">SERLNR193</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="415E36E5FFF3FFC9CAE2F96F4B0FF895" blockId="13.[151,1437,1680,1959]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFF3FFC9CAE2F96F4FEFF929" bold="true" box="[151,418,1680,1706]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">Diagnostic characters.</emphasis>
|
||
Vertex, frons, and thorax densely hairy. Labrum, clypeus, frons and gena black. Mandible silvery-white. In males, 2–10 flagellar segments slightly curved, and 5–8 segments with moderately long spines. Wing tips rounded, acute. Pterostigma dark-brown. Legs short and strong. Terminalia and genitalia as in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25704B14FFF3FFC9CF41F9274E90F895" author="Kimmins, D." pageId="13" pageNumber="401" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref12585" refString="Kimmins, D. E (1949) Notes on Ascalaphidae in the British Museum collections, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 2, 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222934908653955" type="journal article" year="1949">Kimmins (1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 8–9) as well as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="D9DA2A60FFF3FFC9CB96F9034C3CF895" box="[483,625,1788,1814]" captionStart="FIGURES 13" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1750,1774]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,195,1708]" captionTargetId="figure-24@17.[188,1400,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 13A–F. Glyptobasis nigrifrons Kimmins, 1949. A—Male terminalia, in dorsal view; B—The same, in ventral view; C:—The same, in lateral view; D—Male genitalia, in ventral view; E—Female terminalia, in lateral view; F—The same, in ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210135/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">Figs. 13A–F</figureCitation>
|
||
. See the key at the end of this chapter for separating the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="09FB656EFFF3FFD7CAB2F8DF4F36FDE2" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="407" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="415E36E5FFF3FFC9CAB2F8DF4F38F8B9" blockId="13.[151,1437,1680,1959]" box="[199,373,1824,1850]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFF3FFC9CAB2F8DF4F38F8B9" bold="true" box="[199,373,1824,1850]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="415E36E5FFF3FFC9CAB2F8BB4CBAF825" blockId="13.[151,1437,1680,1959]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFF3FFC9CAB2F8BB4F33F8DD" bold="true" box="[199,382,1860,1886]" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
Male (n=2): body length:
|
||
<quantity id="86199B00FFF3FFC9C8C7F8BB4D62F8DC" box="[690,815,1860,1887]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" unit="mm" value="31.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="31.0">31–32 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forewing length:
|
||
<quantity id="86199B00FFF3FFC9CE77F8BB4ACDF8DC" box="[1026,1152,1860,1887]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" unit="mm" value="35.5" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="35.0">35–36 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width:
|
||
<quantity id="86199B00FFF3FFC9CEABF8BB4B68F8DC" box="[1246,1317,1860,1887]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; hindwing length:
|
||
<quantity id="86199B00FFF3FFC9CA9AF8974F20F800" box="[239,365,1896,1923]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" unit="mm" value="31.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="31.0">31–32 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width:
|
||
<quantity id="86199B00FFF3FFC9CBB9F8964C5EF800" box="[460,531,1897,1923]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Female (n=1): body length:
|
||
<quantity id="86199B00FFF3FFC9C912F8974DF7F800" box="[871,954,1896,1923]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forewing length:
|
||
<quantity id="86199B00FFF3FFC9CEFAF8974AAEF800" box="[1167,1251,1896,1923]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" unit="mm" value="41.0">41 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width:
|
||
<quantity id="86199B00FFF3FFC9CF36F8974BD5F800" box="[1347,1432,1896,1923]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
; hindwing length:
|
||
<quantity id="86199B00FFF3FFC9CB28F8734FE3F824" box="[349,430,1932,1959]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" unit="mm" value="37.0">37 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width:
|
||
<quantity id="86199B00FFF3FFC9C87DF8734C04F824" box="[520,585,1932,1959]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="401" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="D9DA2A60FFF3FFC9C82DF8734CA6F825" box="[600,747,1932,1958]" captionStart="FIGURES 11" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1408,1432]" captionTargetBox="[190,1395,194,1371]" captionTargetId="figure-24@15.[179,1407,181,1384]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 11A–B. Glyptobasis nigrifrons Kimmins, 1949. A—Male habitus; B—Female habitus. Scale: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210131/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="401">Figs. 11A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="159E666DFFF0FFCACAE2FA154C4FF9A5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210129" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13210129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210129/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="402" startId="14.[151,264,1514,1538]" targetBox="[175,1412,194,1477]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="415E36E5FFF0FFCACAE2FA154C4FF9A5" blockId="14.[151,1436,1514,1574]" pageId="14" pageNumber="402">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFF0FFCACAE2FA154F12F981" bold="true" box="[151,351,1514,1538]" pageId="14" pageNumber="402">FIGURES 10A–C.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86E14D66FFF0FFCAC86FFA154DEFF981" authority="Kimmins, 1949" authorityName="Kimmins" authorityYear="1949" box="[538,930,1514,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Glyptobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="402" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFF0FFCAC86FFA154CB1F981" box="[538,764,1514,1538]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="402">Glyptobasis nigrifrons</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25704B14FFF0FFCAC977FA154DEFF981" author="Kimmins, D." box="[770,930,1514,1538]" pageId="14" pageNumber="402" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref12585" refString="Kimmins, D. E (1949) Notes on Ascalaphidae in the British Museum collections, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 2, 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222934908653955" type="journal article" year="1949">Kimmins, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, NHMUK, A—Habitus, B—Head in frontal view; C—Thorax and legs in lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="415E36E5FFF0FFCACAB2F9874C4BF831" blockId="14.[151,1437,1656,1970]" pageId="14" pageNumber="402">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFF0FFCACAB2F9874F4AF911" bold="true" box="[199,263,1656,1682]" pageId="14" pageNumber="402">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="D9DA2A60FFF0FFCACB6DF9874FCFF911" box="[280,386,1656,1682]" captionStart="FIGURES 12" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1759,1783]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,194,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-17@16.[188,1400,181,1736]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 12A–E. Glyptobasis nigrifrons Kimmins, 1949. A—Head in frontal view; B—Thorax and legs in lateral view, C—Wing venation, D—Foreleg; E—Hindleg in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210133/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="402">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vertex narrow; frontal and dorsal parts dull
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFF0FFCAC9F6F9874DC1F911" bold="true" box="[899,908,1656,1682]" pageId="14" pageNumber="402">-</emphasis>
|
||
yellow, densely covered with long black hairs. Caudal part of vertex yellow without hairs; frons shining black, with long dense black hairs. Long, dense tuft of black hairs between scape; gena usually black on inner margin, yellow (sometimes black) on outer margin; clypeus black, with black hairs, labrum dull-black with ochreous setae directed towards mouthparts. Base of each mandible black with black hairs on lateral side. Maxillary and labial palpi dark-brown, with short brown setae and long black hairs at joints. Eyes divided by transverse furrow, lower portion slightly longer than upper portion. Antennae with scape and pedicel black, covered with long soft black hairs intermingled with some white ones; flagellomeres dull-black, with distinct lateral spines in basal flagellomeres (4–12 segments); club subglobular with flattened apex, dark-brown, with black verticils.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="159E666DFFF1FFCBCAE2FA7F4B5BFA1B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210131" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13210131" box="[151,1302,1408,1432]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210131/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="403" startId="15.[151,264,1408,1432]" targetBox="[190,1395,194,1371]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="415E36E5FFF1FFCBCAE2FA7F4B5BFA1B" blockId="15.[151,1302,1408,1432]" box="[151,1302,1408,1432]" pageId="15" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFF1FFCBCAE2FA7F4F10FA1B" bold="true" box="[151,349,1408,1432]" pageId="15" pageNumber="403">FIGURES 11A–B.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86E14D66FFF1FFCBCB16FA7F4CA3FA1B" authority="Kimmins, 1949" authorityName="Kimmins" authorityYear="1949" box="[355,750,1408,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Glyptobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFF1FFCBCB16FA7F4C0BFA1B" box="[355,582,1408,1432]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="403">Glyptobasis nigrifrons</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25704B14FFF1FFCBC838FA7F4CA3FA1B" author="Kimmins, D." box="[589,750,1408,1432]" pageId="15" pageNumber="403" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref12585" refString="Kimmins, D. E (1949) Notes on Ascalaphidae in the British Museum collections, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 2, 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222934908653955" type="journal article" year="1949">Kimmins, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A—Male habitus; B—Female habitus. Scale: 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="415E36E5FFF1FFCBCAB2FA144C75F9CE" blockId="15.[151,1437,1514,1865]" pageId="15" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFF1FFCBCAB2FA144F6DF986" bold="true" box="[199,288,1515,1541]" pageId="15" pageNumber="403">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="D9DA2A60FFF1FFCBCB40FA154FECF986" box="[309,417,1514,1541]" captionStart="FIGURES 12" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1759,1783]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,194,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-17@16.[188,1400,181,1736]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 12A–E. Glyptobasis nigrifrons Kimmins, 1949. A—Head in frontal view; B—Thorax and legs in lateral view, C—Wing venation, D—Foreleg; E—Hindleg in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210133/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="403">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pronotum narrow, both margins bright-black, and with transverse dull-yellow stripe, posterior margin with long soft black hairs. Mesonotum and metanotum generally black, medially with broad yellow stripe, covered with long black setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="415E36E5FFF1FFCBCAB2F9A94C87F8CB" blockId="15.[151,1437,1514,1865]" pageId="15" pageNumber="403">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFF1FFCBCAB2F9A94F5EF9F3" bold="true" box="[199,275,1622,1648]" pageId="15" pageNumber="403">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="D9DA2A60FFF1FFCBCB57F9A94FC5F9F2" box="[290,392,1622,1649]" captionStart="FIGURES 12" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1759,1783]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,194,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-17@16.[188,1400,181,1736]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 12A–E. Glyptobasis nigrifrons Kimmins, 1949. A—Head in frontal view; B—Thorax and legs in lateral view, C—Wing venation, D—Foreleg; E—Hindleg in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210133/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="403">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewings longer than hindwings; forewing membrane completely transparent, veins brown with sparse short black setae; wing tip rounded; wing tapering basally; anal area with distinct triangular projection. Pterostigma 3x longer than wide, rhomboid-shaped, brown to dark-brown, with 6 cross-veins; apical area beyond Sc+R with three rows of cells. In front of origin of Rs with 8–9 cross-veins; Rs with 6 branches. Hindwings longer than abdomen. Membrane transparent with brown shaded cross-veins. Pterostigma 4x longer than wide, rhomboid-shaped, brown to dark-brown with 6 cross-veins; apical area beyond Sc+R with three rows of cells. In front of origin of Rs with 6–7 cross-veins; Rs with 6–7 branches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="159E666DFFEEFFD4CAE2F9204D4CF89F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210133" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13210133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210133/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="404" startId="16.[151,264,1759,1783]" targetBox="[201,1387,194,1723]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="415E36E5FFEEFFD4CAE2F9204D4CF89F" blockId="16.[151,1436,1759,1820]" pageId="16" pageNumber="404">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFEEFFD4CAE2F9204F2CF974" bold="true" box="[151,353,1759,1783]" pageId="16" pageNumber="404">FIGURES 12A–E.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86E14D66FFEEFFD4CB1EF91F4D4DF97B" authority="Kimmins, 1949" authorityName="Kimmins" authorityYear="1949" box="[363,768,1760,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Glyptobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFEEFFD4CB1EF91F4C1CF97B" box="[363,593,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="404">Glyptobasis nigrifrons</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25704B14FFEEFFD4C82EF91F4D4DF97B" author="Kimmins, D." box="[603,768,1760,1784]" pageId="16" pageNumber="404" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref12585" refString="Kimmins, D. E (1949) Notes on Ascalaphidae in the British Museum collections, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 2, 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222934908653955" type="journal article" year="1949">Kimmins, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A—Head in frontal view; B—Thorax and legs in lateral view, C—Wing venation, D—Foreleg; E—Hindleg in lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="159E666DFFEFFFD5CAE2F9294F56F8B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210135" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13210135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210135/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="405" startId="17.[151,264,1750,1774]" targetBox="[201,1387,195,1708]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="415E36E5FFEFFFD5CAE2F9294F56F8B5" blockId="17.[151,1437,1750,1846]" pageId="17" pageNumber="405">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFEFFFD5CAE2F9294F17F96D" bold="true" box="[151,346,1750,1774]" pageId="17" pageNumber="405">FIGURES 13A–F.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86E14D66FFEFFFD5CB15F9294CA7F96D" authority="Kimmins, 1949" authorityName="Kimmins" authorityYear="1949" box="[352,746,1750,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Glyptobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFEFFFD5CB15F9294C0EF96D" box="[352,579,1750,1774]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="405">Glyptobasis nigrifrons</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25704B14FFEFFFD5C83CF9294CA7F96D" author="Kimmins, D." box="[585,746,1750,1774]" pageId="17" pageNumber="405" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref12585" refString="Kimmins, D. E (1949) Notes on Ascalaphidae in the British Museum collections, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 2, 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222934908653955" type="journal article" year="1949">Kimmins, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A—Male terminalia, in dorsal view; B—The same, in ventral view; C:—The same, in lateral view; D—Male genitalia, in ventral view; E—Female terminalia, in lateral view; F—The same, in ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="159E666DFFECFFD6CAE2F9274D3AF896" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210137" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13210137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210137/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="406" startId="18.[151,264,1752,1776]" targetBox="[276,1312,194,1716]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="415E36E5FFECFFD6CAE2F9274D3AF896" blockId="18.[151,1437,1752,1813]" pageId="18" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFECFFD6CAE2F9274F13F973" bold="true" box="[151,350,1752,1776]" pageId="18" pageNumber="406">FIGURES 14A–B.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="86E14D66FFECFFD6CB11F9274CA2F972" authority="Kimmins, 1949" authorityName="Kimmins" authorityYear="1949" box="[356,751,1752,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Glyptobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFECFFD6CB11F9274C05F972" box="[356,584,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="406">Glyptobasis nigrifrons</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="25704B14FFECFFD6C83BF9274CA2F972" author="Kimmins, D." box="[590,751,1752,1777]" pageId="18" pageNumber="406" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref12585" refString="Kimmins, D. E (1949) Notes on Ascalaphidae in the British Museum collections, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 2, 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222934908653955" type="journal article" year="1949">Kimmins, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A—Adult male in natural habitat (photo: Mohammed Ramees K.); B—Habitat of species in Nelliyampathy, Kerala (photo: Nidheesh K.B.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="415E36E5FFECFFD7CAB2F8984FF4FF56" blockId="18.[151,1436,1895,2030]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,150,825]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="407" pageId="18" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFECFFD6CAB2F8984EB2F802" bold="true" box="[199,255,1895,1921]" pageId="18" pageNumber="406">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="D9DA2A60FFECFFD6CB67F8984FE4F802" box="[274,425,1895,1921]" captionStart="FIGURES 12" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1759,1783]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,194,1723]" captionTargetId="figure-17@16.[188,1400,181,1736]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 12A–E. Glyptobasis nigrifrons Kimmins, 1949. A—Head in frontal view; B—Thorax and legs in lateral view, C—Wing venation, D—Foreleg; E—Hindleg in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210133" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210133/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="406">Figs. 12D–E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each leg short brown and hairy; coxae dark-brown with long brown and black hairs; trochanters with short dense black hairs; femora dark-brown and slightly shorter than tibiae, with short and long black hairs; tibiae dark-brown with short and long black hairs; foreleg, tibial spurs as long as t1–t2, tarsomeres with short black setae, t1–t4 nearly equal in length, t5 as long as t1–t4 combined. Tibial spurs of hindlegs shorter than length of t1, tarsomeres with short black setae, t1 longer than t2; t2–t4 nearly equal in length, t5 shorter than combined length of t1–t4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="415E36E5FFEDFFD7CAB2FF214DCCFE9E" blockId="19.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="19" pageNumber="407">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFEDFFD7CAB2FF214F0EFF7B" bold="true" box="[199,323,222,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="407">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Shorter than wings. Tergites dark-brown with alternating, rounded dull-yellowish spots, covered with short black setae; sternites dark-brown with short black hairs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="415E36E5FFEDFFD7CAB2FED84DEAFE52" blockId="19.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="19" pageNumber="407">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFEDFFD7CAB2FED84C68FEC3" bold="true" box="[199,549,294,321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="407">Male terminalia and genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="D9DA2A60FFEDFFD7C846FED84C85FEC2" box="[563,712,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 13" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1750,1774]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,195,1708]" captionTargetId="figure-24@17.[188,1400,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 13A–F. Glyptobasis nigrifrons Kimmins, 1949. A—Male terminalia, in dorsal view; B—The same, in ventral view; C:—The same, in lateral view; D—Male genitalia, in ventral view; E—Female terminalia, in lateral view; F—The same, in ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210135/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="407">Figs. 13A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergite 9 somewhat quadrate, brown with black hairs. Ectoproct brown sparsely covered with short black hairs. Ectoproct processus short and thick directed ventrally with stout apices covered with long, stiff bristles. In ventral view, base of sternite 9 considerably wider than long, tip pointed, subacute. Gonocoxite 9 hood-like with pair of long narrow evenly curved horn-shaped extensions, apices acute, slightly wider at base without protuberance as viewed in ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="415E36E5FFEDFFD7CAB2FE244F36FDE2" blockId="19.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="19" pageNumber="407">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFEDFFD7CAB2FE244FECFE77" bold="true" box="[199,417,474,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="407">Female terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="D9DA2A60FFEDFFD7CBC5FE244C70FE76" box="[432,573,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 13" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1750,1774]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,195,1708]" captionTargetId="figure-24@17.[188,1400,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 13A–F. Glyptobasis nigrifrons Kimmins, 1949. A—Male terminalia, in dorsal view; B—The same, in ventral view; C:—The same, in lateral view; D—Male genitalia, in ventral view; E—Female terminalia, in lateral view; F—The same, in ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210135" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210135/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="407">Figs. 13E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergite 9 nearly quadrate, dominantly yellow with dark-brown mark ventrocaudally covered evenly with short black hairs. Ectoproct oval brown plate, covered with dense black hairs caudally and ventrally. Gonocoxites 8 finger-like brown with short black setae, gonocoxites 9 small hemispherical with black hairs in lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="09FB656EFFEDFFD7CAB2FD954F2BFCBA" pageId="19" pageNumber="407" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="415E36E5FFEDFFD7CAB2FD954C38FD06" blockId="19.[151,1437,150,825]" box="[199,629,618,645]" pageId="19" pageNumber="407">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFEDFFD7CAB2FD954F2CFD07" bold="true" box="[199,353,618,644]" pageId="19" pageNumber="407">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="39F67675FFEDFFD7CB12FD944FECFD06" box="[359,417,619,645]" name="India" pageId="19" pageNumber="407">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8325F807FFEDFFD7CBC5FD944FB3FD06" box="[432,510,619,645]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="19" pageNumber="407">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D9DA2A60FFEDFFD7C860FD944C25FD06" box="[533,616,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1104,1955]" captionTargetId="figure-38@25.[151,1436,1104,1955]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 21. Distribution map of Glyptobasis species from India and surrounding countries; black circle—G. nigrifrons, red circle—G. cornuta, brown circle—G. nugax, yellow circle—G. weelei, blue circle—G. spinicornis, orange circle—G. fraseri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210151/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="407">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="415E36E5FFEDFFD7CAB2FD714F2BFCBA" blockId="19.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="19" pageNumber="407">
|
||
<emphasis id="7395EAF7FFEDFFD7CAB2FD714C23FD2A" bold="true" box="[199,622,654,681]" pageId="19" pageNumber="407">Flight period and habitat of adult.</emphasis>
|
||
During the day, adults perch on short blades of grass alongside water bodies in forested areas, which are surrounded by small grasses, mature trees and bushes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D9DA2A60FFEDFFD7CEB4FD4C4B17FD4E" box="[1217,1370,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 14" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1752,1776]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,194,1716]" captionTargetId="figure-17@18.[263,1324,181,1729]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 14A–B. Glyptobasis nigrifrons Kimmins, 1949. A—Adult male in natural habitat (photo: Mohammed Ramees K.); B—Habitat of species in Nelliyampathy, Kerala (photo: Nidheesh K.B.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210137/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="407">Figs. 14A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The seasonality and flight activity of the imago is from September to October based on previously published literature. In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8325F807FFEDFFD7CACDFD044F48FC96" box="[184,261,763,789]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="19" pageNumber="407">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
, based on the field collection data, the species is mainly active in October, indicating that it is highly seasonal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D9DA2A60FFEDFFD7CB70FCE04F17FCBA" box="[261,346,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="26.[152,255,488,512]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,181,463]" captionTargetId="figure-17@26.[227,1361,181,465]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 22. Flight period of Glyptobasis species from India and surrounding countries." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210153" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210153/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="407">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |