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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.906.47978" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a8cc42c7-e9ad-42fc-ba79-78daea513354" ID-PMC="PMC6989643" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-906-13" ID-Pensoft-UUID="33B523D44A1E5FECBC706B74B9397519" ID-PubMed="32021555" ID-ZooBank="EF6D38B4B1A3402BB7642DACCA490AC7" ModsDocID="1313-2970-906-13" checkinTime="1579803439732" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zamani, Alireza, Marusik, Yuri M. &amp; Sestakova, Anna" docDate="2020" docId="72BF7FAB83835E51AB69EBA32E35590E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 906: 13-40" docOrigin="ZooKeys 906" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.906.47978" docTitle="Araniella villanii Zamani &amp; Marusik &amp; Šestáková 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="067356F5-0F8F-4F5D-A3D9-604EE3AEDC12" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="33B523D44A1E5FECBC706B74B9397519" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="33B523D44A1E5FECBC706B74B9397519" masterDocTitle="On Araniella and Neoscona (Araneae, Araneidae) of the Caucasus, Middle East and Central Asia" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1668168350213" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>On Araniella and Neoscona (Araneae, Araneidae) of the Caucasus, Middle East and Central Asia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zamani, Alireza</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Marusik, Yuri M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sestakova, Anna</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>906</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>13</mods:start>
<mods:end>40</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.906.47978</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.906.47978</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-906-13</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">EF6D38B4B1A3402BB7642DACCA490AC7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">33B523D44A1E5FECBC706B74B9397519</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="161838082" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:067356F5-0F8F-4F5D-A3D9-604EE3AEDC12" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/72BF7FAB83835E51AB69EBA32E35590E" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName LSID="72BF7FAB-8383-5E51-AB69-EBA32E35590E" authority="Zamani &amp; Marusik &amp; Šestáková, 2020" authorityName="Zamani &amp; Marusik &amp; Šestáková" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araniella villanii" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villanii" status="sp. nov.">Araniella villanii</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="13">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dorsal habitus of Araniella mithra sp. nov. (A, C) and A. villanii sp. nov. (B, D) and abdomen of A. nigromaculata (E). A, B Males C, D females. Blue triangles point on black dots on opisthosoma. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374403" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figs 1B, D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male palps of Araniella villanii sp. nov. (A, B) and A. proxima (C, D). A, C Retrolateral B, D ventral. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374405" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">; 3A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male palps of Araniella mithra sp. nov. (A, B) and A. villanii sp. nov. (C, D). A, C Retrolateral B, D ventral. Abbreviations: Co conductor, Em embolus, Ma median apophysis, Ra radix, Ta terminal apophysis, Tr tegular ridge, Tt tip of tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374406" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">; 4C, D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM graphs of the bulbs of Araniella villanii sp. nov. (A, B) and A. proxima (C, D). A, C Retrolateral B, D ventro-retrolateral. Blue - median apophysis, green - embolus, red - terminal apophysis, violet - conductor. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374407" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">; 5A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of epigynes of Araniella villanii sp. nov. (A), A. proxima (B), A. mithra sp. nov. (C) and A. opisthographa (D). Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374409" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">; 7A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Posterior view of epigynes of Araniella villanii sp. nov. (A), A. proxima (B), A. mithra sp. nov. (C), A. opisthographa (D) and A. nigromaculata (E). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374410" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">; 8A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Anterior view of epigynes of Araniella villanii sp. nov. (A), A. proxima (B), A. mithra sp. nov. (C) and A. opisthographa (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374411" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">; 9A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Lateral view of epigynes of Araniella villanii sp. nov. (A), A. proxima (B), A. mithra sp. nov. (C) and A. opisthographa (D). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374412" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">; 10A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Distribution records of Araniella mithra sp. nov. (blue circle), A. villanii sp. nov. (violet star), Neoscona isatis sp. nov. (green pentagon), N. spasskyi (black square), N. theisi (gray triangle, only new records) and N. tedgenica (brown asterisk)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374420" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">; 18</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
Iran:
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Holotype</emphasis>
♂ and
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">paratypes</emphasis>
1♀ (MHNG), Chaharmahal &amp; Bakhtiari Province: Kuhrang,
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="32.466667">32°28'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="50" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="50.133335">50°08'E</geoCoordinate>
, 19.06.1974 (A. Senglet). Kazakhstan: 2♂ 4♀ (ZMMU), East Kazakhstan Region: Urzhar Distr., Tarbagatai Mt. Range, 5 km NE of Alekseevka, Urzharka river canyon, left bank,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47" direction="north" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="47.283333">47°17'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="81" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="81.61667">81°37'E</geoCoordinate>
, 1050-1200 m, 23.06.2001 (A.V. Gromov); 3♂ 4♀ (ZMMU), Urzhar Distr., 7-8 km NE of Karatuma [=Kirovka], Tarbagatai Mt. Range, Sholakterek river canyon, left bank,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="47.166668">47°10'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="82" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="82.1">82°06'E</geoCoordinate>
, 1200-1250 m, 23.06.2001 (A.V. Gromov); 1♂ 2♀ (ZMMU), Urzhar Distr., ca. 4 km NE of Kyzylbulak [=Petrovskoye], Kyzylbulak river canyon, left bank,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="47.05">47°03'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="82" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="82.3">82°18'E</geoCoordinate>
, 1100-1150 m, 21.06.2001 (A.V. Gromov). India: 6♂ 2♀ (MMUE), Himachal Pradesh State: Tandi Vill., 5 km S of Keylong, 2700 m, 11.06.1999 (Y.M. Marusik); 1♂ 1♀ (MMUE), Jahalman Vill.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="32.633335">32°38'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="76.85">76°51'E</geoCoordinate>
, 3000-3100 m, 13.06.1999 (Y.M. Marusik).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374405" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Male palps of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zamani &amp; Marusik &amp; Šestáková" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araniella villanii" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villanii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Araniella villanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A, B</emphasis>
) and
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. proxima" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C, D</emphasis>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A, C</emphasis>
Retrolateral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B, D</emphasis>
ventral. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374406" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Male palps of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zamani &amp; Marusik &amp; Šestáková" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araniella mithra" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mithra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Araniella mithra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A, B</emphasis>
) and
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. villanii" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="villanii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. villanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C, D</emphasis>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A, C</emphasis>
Retrolateral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B, D</emphasis>
ventral. Abbreviations:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Co</emphasis>
conductor,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Em</emphasis>
embolus,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Ma</emphasis>
median apophysis,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Ra</emphasis>
radix,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Ta</emphasis>
terminal apophysis,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Tr</emphasis>
tegular ridge,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Tt</emphasis>
tip of tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374407" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Figure 5.</emphasis>
SEM graphs of the bulbs of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zamani &amp; Marusik &amp; Šestáková" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araniella villanii" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villanii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Araniella villanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A, B</emphasis>
) and
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. proxima" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">C, D</emphasis>
).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A, C</emphasis>
Retrolateral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">B, D</emphasis>
ventro-retrolateral. Blue - median apophysis, green - embolus, red - terminal apophysis, violet - conductor. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Comparative material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kulczyński" baseAuthorityYear="1885" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Araniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Araniella proxima" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Araniella proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kulczyński">Kulczynski</normalizedToken>
, 1885). Russia: 1♂ 1♀ (ZMMU): SE Tuva, Tere-Khol Lake, Sharlaa Stand and vicinity,
<geoCoordinate degrees="50" direction="north" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="50.016666">50°01'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="95" direction="east" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="95.05">95°03'E</geoCoordinate>
, 1050 m, 6-14.07.1996 (Y.M. Marusik).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
This species is named after French mathematician
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cédric">Cedric</normalizedToken>
Villani (born 5.10.1973), winner of the Fields Medal in 2010 and the former director of Sorbonne
<normalizedToken originalValue="University’s">University's</normalizedToken>
Henri
<normalizedToken originalValue="Poincaré">Poincare</normalizedToken>
Institute, for his &quot;mysterious love&quot; for spiders.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
Male palp and epigyne resemble those of
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. proxima" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. opisthographa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="opisthographa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. opisthographa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Both species, compared to
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. villanii" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="villanii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. villanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., have similar shape of embolus, and terminal apophysis is identical to that of
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. proxima" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and conductor is identical to that of
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. opisthographa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="opisthographa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. opisthographa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the new species can be diagnosed by the following characteristics: 1) the tegulum in
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. villanii" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="villanii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. villanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is markedly shorter, higher, protruding and rounded, vs. more compact non-protruding tegulum with distinctly higher ridge in
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. proxima" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and slender with pointed tip in
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. opisthographa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="opisthographa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. opisthographa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 2) the terminal apophysis in
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. villanii" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="villanii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. villanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is almost as wide throughout its length, vs. wider at the tip in
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. opisthographa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="opisthographa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. opisthographa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 3) the conductor in
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. villanii" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="villanii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. villanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. has one spike and one more rounded process connected to each other, vs. two independent spikes in
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. proxima" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 4) the median apophysis in
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. villanii" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="villanii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. villanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is longer in comparison to both mentioned species; 5) epigyne of
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. villanii" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="villanii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. villanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. has a distinctly broader scape, vs. slender in
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. proxima" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. opisthographa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="opisthographa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. opisthographa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 6) the median plate is narrower and more rectangular in the new species, vs. wider and rounded plate in
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. opisthographa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="opisthographa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. opisthographa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and triangular plate in
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. proxima" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 7) receptacles and entrance ducts in
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. villanii" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="villanii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. villanii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. do not touch each other, but in
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. opisthographa" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="opisthographa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. opisthographa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
both structures touch each other, and in
<taxonomicName family="Araneidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. proxima" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="proxima">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">A. proxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only receptacles touch each other.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
(colors and pattern seem faded).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Male</emphasis>
(holotype). Habitus as in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dorsal habitus of Araniella mithra sp. nov. (A, C) and A. villanii sp. nov. (B, D) and abdomen of A. nigromaculata (E). A, B Males C, D females. Blue triangles point on black dots on opisthosoma. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374403" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">1B</figureCitation>
. Total length 4.37. Carapace 1.91 long, 1.69 wide in pars thoracica, 0.76 in pars cephalica. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME: 0.08, ALE: 0.07, PME: 0.09, PLE: 0.09, AME-AME: 0.12, PME-PME: 0.11. Carapace, sternum, labium, chelicerae, and maxillae reddish brown, lighter ventrally, carapace with two broad dark marginal bands. Legs lighter in color than the carapace, distally with dark broad annulations. Abdomen pale (stored in alcohol, most probably green in live specimens) dorsally, dark gray ventrally, posterodorsally with three pairs of black lateral spots. Spinnerets light brown, apical segment lighter. Leg I measurements: 6.43 (1.97, 0.82, 1.50, 1.46, 0.68).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
Palp as in Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male palps of Araniella villanii sp. nov. (A, B) and A. proxima (C, D). A, C Retrolateral B, D ventral. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374405" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">3A, B</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Male palps of Araniella mithra sp. nov. (A, B) and A. villanii sp. nov. (C, D). A, C Retrolateral B, D ventral. Abbreviations: Co conductor, Em embolus, Ma median apophysis, Ra radix, Ta terminal apophysis, Tr tegular ridge, Tt tip of tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374406" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">4C, D</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM graphs of the bulbs of Araniella villanii sp. nov. (A, B) and A. proxima (C, D). A, C Retrolateral B, D ventro-retrolateral. Blue - median apophysis, green - embolus, red - terminal apophysis, violet - conductor. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374407" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">5A, B</figureCitation>
. Tegulum terminally blunt with round ridge; terminal apophysis with blunt end and almost equally wide along its length; embolus triangular-shaped, with wider base; median apophysis sickle-shaped bent upwards with pointed tip ending near base of embolus and covered by many small denticles; conductor with one distinct spike and one more rounded process.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Female.</emphasis>
Habitus as in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dorsal habitus of Araniella mithra sp. nov. (A, C) and A. villanii sp. nov. (B, D) and abdomen of A. nigromaculata (E). A, B Males C, D females. Blue triangles point on black dots on opisthosoma. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374403" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">1D</figureCitation>
. Total length 6.00. Carapace 2.58 long, 2.15 wide in pars thoracica, 1.29 in pars cephalica. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME: 0.09, ALE: 0.08, PME: 0.10, PLE: 0.09, AME-AME: 0.14, PME-PME: 0.12. Coloration as in male. Leg I measurements: 6.78 (1.93, 0.98, 1.49, 1.51, 0.87).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
Epigyne as in Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Ventral view of epigynes of Araniella villanii sp. nov. (A), A. proxima (B), A. mithra sp. nov. (C) and A. opisthographa (D). Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374409" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">7A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Posterior view of epigynes of Araniella villanii sp. nov. (A), A. proxima (B), A. mithra sp. nov. (C), A. opisthographa (D) and A. nigromaculata (E). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374410" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">8A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Anterior view of epigynes of Araniella villanii sp. nov. (A), A. proxima (B), A. mithra sp. nov. (C) and A. opisthographa (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374411" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">9A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Lateral view of epigynes of Araniella villanii sp. nov. (A), A. proxima (B), A. mithra sp. nov. (C) and A. opisthographa (D). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.906.47978.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/374412" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">10A</figureCitation>
. Scape wider in the middle, extending beyond epigynal plate. Copulatory ducts not clearly visible through epigyne cuticle. Oval receptacles are about half their diameter apart; entrance ducts a similar distance apart. Median plate (posterior view), between lateral sclerotized copulatory bulges, slender, slightly wider in the middle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">All adult specimens were collected in mid and late June.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Known only from the type localities in southwestern Iran, eastern Kazakhstan and northern India. Potentially widely distributed in the Middle East and Central Asia.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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