431 lines
52 KiB
XML
431 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="356C79CD7AF152C8B8CF4D3B07589631" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.173499" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a16f2339-a971-4bac-8073-9c4f9fa5f8b8" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="173499" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459775263179" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kataev, Boris M." docDate="2006" docId="03FA2D405C024161CB2C6A62FBB32C11" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01286p055.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1286" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Oesyperus Andrewes 1923" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="FFC355385C034165CA246E6CFF852E37" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic review of the genus Oesyperus (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini)" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1698217742356" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="9DBB16FAB4FEDE11DAD034ADCDA0CDD7">A taxonomic review of the genus Oesyperus (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7185ABB5E96F9DB99E088A5F36F32FF2">Kataev, Boris M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="73A6C6C5D4F23CD2FD073E4CD273DD45">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3395BDE7819DC79780E77DF7C22D4321">2006</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C349CFDD5C024164CB2C6A62FD562A1F" box="[264,723,1038,1064]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C024164CB2C6A62FD562A1F" blockId="1.[264,723,1038,1064]" box="[264,723,1038,1064]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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<heading id="D0A42B3A5C024164CB2C6A62FD562A1F" bold="true" box="[264,723,1038,1064]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B92740445C024164CB2C6A62FD562A1F" bold="true" box="[264,723,1038,1064]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C024164CB2C6A62FDD12A1F" ID-CoL="8KY39" authority="Andrewes, 1923" authorityName="Andrewes" authorityYear="1923" box="[264,596,1038,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92740445C024164CB2C6A62FE002A1F" bold="true" box="[264,389,1038,1064]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Oesyperus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC2E1A75C024164CBA96A62FDD12A1F" author="Andrewes" box="[397,596,1038,1064]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1923) Papers on Oriental Carabidae. XI. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology (Series 9), 12, 442 - 455." type="journal article" year="1923">Andrewes, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, stat. rest.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C349CFDD5C024164CB2C6A36FA972B06" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C024164CB2C6A36FD4C2AA7" blockId="1.[264,1323,1113,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB43BB785C024164CB2C6A36FD4C2AA7" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C024164CB2C6A36FDEF2A47" ID-CoL="8KY39" authority="Andrewes, 1923: 444" authorityName="Andrewes" authorityPageNumber="444" authorityYear="1923" box="[264,618,1113,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92740445C024164CB2C6A36FEFD2A46" box="[264,376,1114,1137]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Oesyperus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF2BA475C024164CBA56A35FDEF2A47" author="Andrewes" box="[385,618,1113,1136]" page="444" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="1923">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC2E1A75C024164CBA56A35FDB32A47" author="Andrewes" box="[385,566,1113,1136]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1923) Papers on Oriental Carabidae. XI. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology (Series 9), 12, 442 - 455." type="journal article" year="1923">Andrewes, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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: 444
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(as a genus).
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<typeStatus id="54E822F45C024164C9206A35FCBC2A47" box="[772,825,1113,1136]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C024164C9B36A36FAA32A47" ID-CoL="48YLJ" authority="Andrewes, 1923" authorityName="Andrewes" authorityYear="1923" box="[919,1318,1113,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unctulus">
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<emphasis id="B92740445C024164C9B36A36FBEE2A46" box="[919,1131,1114,1137]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Oesyperus unctulus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC2E1A75C024164CE576A35FAA32A47" author="Andrewes" box="[1139,1318,1113,1136]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1923) Papers on Oriental Carabidae. XI. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology (Series 9), 12, 442 - 455." type="journal article" year="1923">Andrewes, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, designated by
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF2BA475C024164CBF66A15FD412AA7" author="Andrewes" box="[466,708,1145,1168]" page="136" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="1939">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC2E1A75C024164CBF66A15FD412AA7" author="Andrewes" box="[466,708,1145,1168]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1939) Papers on Oriental Carabidae. XXXV. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology (Series 11), 3 (13), 129 - 139. Chen, B. (1997) Two new genera and two new species of Lagriidae (Coleoptera) from China. Entomologica Sinica, 4, 306 - 311." type="journal article" year="1939">Andrewes (1939: 136)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C024164CB2C6AF6FC1D2A87" blockId="1.[264,1323,1113,1329]" box="[264,920,1177,1201]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB43BB785C024164CB2C6AF6FC1D2A87" box="[264,920,1177,1201]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C024164CB2C6AF6FDC52A87" ID-CoL="8LSF2" authority="Csiki, 1932: 1210" authorityName="Csiki" authorityPageNumber="1210" authorityYear="1932" box="[264,576,1177,1201]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesiperus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92740445C024164CB2C6AF6FEF12A86" box="[264,372,1178,1201]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Oesiperus</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF2BA475C024164CBA66AF5FDC52A87" author="Csiki" box="[386,576,1177,1200]" page="1210" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="1932">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC2E1A75C024164CBA66AF5FD842A87" author="Csiki" box="[386,513,1177,1200]" pageId="1" pageNumber="55" refString="Csiki, E. (1932) Carabidae. Harpalinae. Volum VI, Pars 121. In: Junk, W. & Schenkling, S. (Ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus. Berlin: Junk, 1023 - 1278." type="book chapter" year="1932">Csiki, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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: 1210
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(incorrect subsequent spelling).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C024164CB2C6AD6FC462AE7" blockId="1.[264,1323,1113,1329]" box="[264,963,1209,1233]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="B92740445C024164CB2C6AD6FEFF2AE6" box="[264,378,1210,1233]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Oesyparus</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC2E1A75C024164CBAC6AD5FDBE2AE7" author="Andrewes" box="[392,571,1209,1232]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1939) Papers on Oriental Carabidae. XXXV. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology (Series 11), 3 (13), 129 - 139. Chen, B. (1997) Two new genera and two new species of Lagriidae (Coleoptera) from China. Entomologica Sinica, 4, 306 - 311." type="journal article" year="1939">Andrewes, 1939</bibRefCitation>
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: 136 (incorrect subsequent spelling).
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C024164CB2C6AB6FCD92B27" blockId="1.[264,1323,1113,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB43BB785C024164CB2C6AB6FCD92B27" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C024164CB2C6AB6FE7A2AC7" ID-CoL="8LS7M" authority="Ito, 2004: 107" authorityName="Ito" authorityPageNumber="107" authorityYear="2004" box="[264,511,1241,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Merklia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B92740445C024164CB2C6AB6FED92AC6" box="[264,348,1242,1265]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Merklia</emphasis>
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF2BA475C024164CB416AB5FE7A2AC7" author="Ito" box="[357,511,1241,1264]" page="107" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" year="2004">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC2E1A75C024164CB416AB5FE4E2AC7" author="Ito" box="[357,459,1241,1264]" pageId="1" pageNumber="55" refString="Ito, N. (2004) A new genus and species of the Selenophori group of tribe Harpalini from India (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 10, 107 - 112." type="journal article" year="2004">Ito, 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 107
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(as a genus),
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<emphasis id="B92740445C024164C8BD6AB5FD612AC6" bold="true" box="[665,740,1241,1265]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">syn. n.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54E822F45C024164C8C86AB5FCA42AC7" box="[748,801,1241,1264]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C024164C95B6AB6FB142AC7" ID-CoL="3ZV4K" authority="Ito, 2004" authorityName="Ito" authorityYear="2004" box="[895,1169,1241,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Merklia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubens">
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<emphasis id="B92740445C024164C95B6AB6FBA22AC6" box="[895,1063,1242,1265]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Merklia pubens</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC2E1A75C024164CE0B6AB5FB142AC7" author="Ito" box="[1071,1169,1241,1264]" pageId="1" pageNumber="55" refString="Ito, N. (2004) A new genus and species of the Selenophori group of tribe Harpalini from India (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 10, 107 - 112." type="journal article" year="2004">Ito, 2004</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C024164CE9E6AB6FDCE2B27" ID-CoL="48YLJ" authority="Andrewes, 1923" authorityName="Andrewes" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unctulus">
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<emphasis id="B92740445C024164CE9E6AB6FE172B26" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Oesyperus unctulus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC2E1A75C024164CBBD6A95FDCE2B27" author="Andrewes" box="[409,587,1273,1296]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1923) Papers on Oriental Carabidae. XI. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology (Series 9), 12, 442 - 455." type="journal article" year="1923">Andrewes, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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), by original designation.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C024164CB2C6B76FA972B06" blockId="1.[264,1323,1113,1329]" box="[264,1298,1305,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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<emphasis id="B92740445C024164CB2C6B76FE272B06" box="[264,418,1306,1329]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Merklophonus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC2E1A75C024164CB8D6B75FD882B07" author="Ito" box="[425,525,1305,1328]" pageId="1" pageNumber="55" refString="Ito, N. (2005) Replacement names for the junior homonyms of two species of Trichotichnus and a genus of Harpali (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini). The Entomological Review of Japan, 60, 53 - 54." type="journal article" year="2005">Ito, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 53 (as a genus), nomen pro
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<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C024164C91A6B76FC7C2B07" ID-CoL="8LS7M" authority="Ito, 2004" authorityName="Ito" authorityYear="2004" box="[830,1017,1305,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Merklia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92740445C024164C91A6B76FC172B06" box="[830,914,1306,1329]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Merklia</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC2E1A75C024164C9BE6B75FC7C2B07" author="Ito" box="[922,1017,1305,1328]" pageId="1" pageNumber="55" refString="Ito, N. (2004) A new genus and species of the Selenophori group of tribe Harpalini from India (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 10, 107 - 112." type="journal article" year="2004">Ito, 2004</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(non Chen, 1997),
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||
<emphasis id="B92740445C024164CEED6B75FA972B06" bold="true" box="[1225,1298,1305,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">syn. n.</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C349CFDD5C024164CB2C6B0DFB1828A4" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C024164CB2C6B0DFB1828A4" blockId="1.[264,1323,1377,1883]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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||
<emphasis id="B92740445C024164CB2C6B0DFE052B4C" bold="true" box="[264,384,1377,1403]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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||
. Within the Selenophori group,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C024164C9066B0DFC1B2B4D" box="[802,926,1377,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B92740445C024164C9066B0DFC1B2B4D" box="[802,926,1377,1402]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Oesyperus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is clearly distinguished by the combination of the following character states: dorsum punctate and pubescent; head with clypeoocular prolongations; supraorbital furrows deep, more or less straight and prolonged to neck constriction behind eyes; mandibles elongate, evenly curved and acute at apices; mentum with median tooth; antennae pubescent from apical half of second antennomere (first antennomere also with several short setae apically); elytra with rows of discal setigerous pores at least on third intervals; and tarsi pubescent dorsally. Apical orifice of aedeagus in dorsal position and covered by sclerotized plica at apex.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C349CFDD5C024167CB1C68CDFEC92911" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="1" pageNumber="44" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C024164CB1C68CDFBB2288C" blockId="1.[264,1323,1377,1883]" box="[312,1079,1697,1723]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
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||
<emphasis id="B92740445C024164CB1C68CDFE4C288C" bold="true" box="[312,457,1697,1723]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Size: Body small to moderate (about 6.0–11.0 mm).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C024164CB1C68A5FB5D28D4" blockId="1.[264,1323,1377,1883]" box="[312,1240,1737,1763]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Colour: Body dark, not iridescent and without metallic lustre; appendages pale.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C024164CB1C689DFCBE2904" blockId="1.[264,1323,1377,1883]" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">Dorsal pubescence: Dorsum almost throughout (except for eyes, labrum and mandibles) covered with short erect black setae.</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C024167CB1C692DFD912D09" blockId="1.[264,1323,1377,1883]" lastBlockId="2.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="1" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Head: Moderate or rather large, with small eyes and wide genae. Temples long, distinctly pubescent. Frontal suture narrow and shallow; clypeoocular prolongations reaching supraorbital furrows. Supraorbital furrows somewhat deep, more or less straight and prolonged to neck constriction behind eyes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136880D35C014167C9436F00FC5D2FB1" box="[871,984,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 5" captionStartId="9.[264,382,1167,1191]" captionTargetBox="[266,1247,811,1166]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,773,1177]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 5. Oesyperus, head, lateral aspect. 4, Oe. planus; 5, Oe. pygmaeus. Scale = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173501/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Figs 4–5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apical margin of clypeus weakly arcuately emarginate, not bordered, and labral base invisible in emargination. Mentum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136880D35C014167CBA56FD0FE482FE1" box="[385,461,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 8" captionStartId="10.[264,382,1729,1753]" captionTargetBox="[299,1253,847,1728]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[264,1323,825,1735]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 8. Oesyperus unctulus. 6, labium; 7, median lobe, lateral aspect; 8 – same, dorsal aspect. Scales = 0.5 mm (A: 6, B: 7 – 8)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173502/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) with a large acute tooth and with two medial setae, separated from submentum by complete suture. Epilobes narrow, slightly widened apically. Ligular sclerite narrow, with two ventroapical setae, separated from glabrous narrow paraglossae by deep notches [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC2E1A75C014167CBD66C58FD482C79" author="Andrewes" box="[498,717,564,590]" pageId="2" pageNumber="54" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1923) Papers on Oriental Carabidae. XI. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology (Series 9), 12, 442 - 455." type="journal article" year="1923">Andrewes (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
statement that the paraglossae are setulose in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C014167CB2C6C30FE012C42" box="[264,388,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C014167CB2C6C30FE012C42" box="[264,388,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Oesyperus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is probably erroneous]. Basal palpomere not carinate. Penultimate palpomere approximately equal to or slightly longer than apical, with numerous setae on anterior margin. Mandibles rather long and acute, somewhat evenly curved to apex. Antennae moderately long, reaching elytral base, pubescent from apical half of second antennomere (first antennomere also with several short setae apically), but this pubescence sparser than in other antennomeres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C014167CB1C6D20FE7B2D81" blockId="2.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Pronotum: Sides each with one marginal seta; apical margin bordered only laterally, basal margin without distinct border (bead sometimes hardly distinct at basal angles), not ciliate on basal edge.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C014167CB1C6DA8FBE42A49" blockId="2.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Elytra: Humeri more or less widely rounded at apices, without denticles. Additional ninth stria not separated from lateral furrow by convexity. Basal pore present. Each third interval with several (3–9) discal pores. Each fifth and seventh intervals without discal pores, or, discal pores, if present, hardly recognizable against backgrounds of general puncturation. Series umbilicate irregular, without a distinct gap medially.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C014167CB1C6AE0FD752A91" blockId="2.[264,1324,284,1870]" box="[312,752,1164,1190]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F344DCC65C014167CB1C6AE0FEF62A91" box="[312,371,1164,1190]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
wings: Reduced to small scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C014167CB1C6AD8FD582B29" blockId="2.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Ventral surface: Metepisterna wider than long, weakly narrowed posteriad. Abdominal sternites densely punctate and covered with short setae. Anal sternite rounded at apex, with two pairs of setae at apical margin.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C014167CB1C6B40FBAA2801" blockId="2.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Legs: Protibia not sulcate, with one or two preapical spines on outer margin and one ventroapical spine; apical spur slender, lanceolate. Metacoxa punctate, without additional setae. Metafemur with two or three setae along posterior margin. Tarsi densely pubescent dorsally. Metatarsus with first tarsomere much longer than second. In male, protarsomeres 1–4 moderately dilated, each with biseriate vestiture ventrally, first mesotarsomere longer than second, not dilated and without vestiture ventrally; mesotarsomeres 2–4 comparatively weakly dilated, each with biseriate vestiture ventrally.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C014167CB1C6828FA9D28E1" blockId="2.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Male genitalia: Median lobe of aedeagus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136880D35C014167C9726828FC502869" box="[854,981,1604,1630]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 6 – 8" captionStart-1="FIGURES 9 – 14" captionStartId-0="10.[264,382,1729,1753]" captionStartId-1="11.[264,382,1134,1158]" captionTargetBox-0="[299,1253,847,1728]" captionTargetBox-1="[296,1296,505,1101]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[264,1323,825,1735]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[264,1323,457,1124]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURES 6 – 8. Oesyperus unctulus. 6, labium; 7, median lobe, lateral aspect; 8 – same, dorsal aspect. Scales = 0.5 mm (A: 6, B: 7 – 8)." captionText-1="FIGURES 9 – 14. Oesyperus, median lobe (10, 13, apical portion). Oe. planus (9 – 11), Oe. pygmaeus (12 – 14). 9 – 10, 12 – 13, dorsal aspect; 11, 14, lateral aspect. Scales = 0.5 mm (A: 9, 11, B: 10, 12 – 14)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/173502/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/173503/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Figs 7–14</figureCitation>
|
||
) arcuate, with rather short terminal lamella, more or less strongly bent dorsad at apex; ventral surface of median lobe unbordered. Apical orifice in dorsal position, extending basally and covered by more strongly sclerotized plica at apex. Internal sac without any distinct sclerotized structures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C014167CB1C6888FEC92911" blockId="2.[264,1324,284,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C014167CB1C6888FD2A28C9" bold="true" box="[312,687,1764,1790]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Composition and distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. The genus includes three species, all from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F344DCC65C014167CB2C6960FECD2911" box="[264,328,1804,1830]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C349CFDD5C014161CB1C6958FBB32C11" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C014166CB1C6958FB1A2899" blockId="2.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C014167CB1C6958FE2F2979" bold="true" box="[312,426,1844,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E822F45C014167C9236958FCBC2979" box="[775,825,1844,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of three species included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166CB2C6F70FE012F02" box="[264,388,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166CB2C6F70FE012F02" box="[264,388,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Oesyperus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed that this taxon is a member of the Selenophori genusgroup of the subtribe Harpalina because it possesses the following character states which are distinctive of this group: paraglossae glabrous, penultimate labial palpomere with several setae at anterior margin, third elytral interval with row of discal pores, and male pro and mesotarsi dilated and carring biseriate vestiture ventrally. Other character states of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166CE8B6FD0FAAE2FE2" box="[1199,1323,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166CE8B6FD0FAAE2FE2" box="[1199,1323,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Oesyperus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(distinct clypeoocular prolongations, rather long first metatarsomere, and dorsal position of apical orifice of median lobe of aedeagus) also substantiate this relationship. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166CB2C6C58FE012C7A" box="[264,388,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166CB2C6C58FE012C7A" box="[264,388,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Oesyperus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not a member of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166C8DF6C58FC0C2C7A" box="[763,905,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parophonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166C8DF6C58FC0C2C7A" box="[763,905,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Parophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC2E1A75C004166CE456C58FAA32C79" author="Noonan" box="[1121,1318,564,590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" refString="Noonan, G. R. (1985 a) Classification and names of the Selenophori group (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini) and of nine genera and subgenera placed in incertae sedis within Harpalina. Milwaukee Public Museum, Contributions in Biology and Geology, 64, 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1985" yearSuffix="a">Noonan (1985a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, since it clearly differs in having the rather elongate mandibles. Based on the latter character,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166CBA06CE8FD852CAA" box="[388,512,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166CBA06CE8FD852CAA" box="[388,512,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Oesyperus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should, in my opinion, be included in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166CE346CE8FB102CAA" box="[1040,1173,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166CE346CE8FB102CAA" box="[1040,1173,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Oxycentrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stock sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC2E1A75C004166CB2C6CC0FE4D2CF1" author="Noonan" box="[264,456,684,710]" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" refString="Noonan, G. R. (1985 b) Reconstructed phylogeny and zoogeography of the genera and subgenera of the Selenophori group (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini: Harpalina). Milwaukee Public Museum, Contributions in Biology and Geology, 65, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1985" yearSuffix="b">Noonan (1985b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
which comprised two phyletic lineages (groups), both restricted mainly to the Oriental Region: 1)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166C8006CB8FCA22CD9" authority="MacLeay" authorityName="MacLeay" box="[548,807,724,750]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Hyphaerion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166C8006CB8FD352CDA" box="[548,688,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Hyphaerion</emphasis>
|
||
MacLeay
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu lato (including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166CE0A6CB8FAA32CD9" authority="Bates" authorityName="Bates" box="[1070,1318,724,750]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calathomimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166CE0A6CB8FB5C2CDA" box="[1070,1241,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Calathomimus</emphasis>
|
||
Bates
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166CB2C6C90FE5A2D21" authority="Bates" authorityName="Bates" box="[264,479,764,790]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Coleolissus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166CB2C6C90FE0A2D22" box="[264,399,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Coleolissus</emphasis>
|
||
Bates
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166CBCB6C90FD3F2D21" authority="Habu" authorityName="Habu" box="[495,698,764,790]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tenuistilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166CBCB6C90FDE82D22" box="[495,621,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Tenuistilus</emphasis>
|
||
Habu
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166C9246C90FC3A2D21" authority="Ito" authorityName="Ito" box="[768,959,764,790]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Allosiopelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166C9246C90FC142D22" box="[768,913,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Allosiopelus</emphasis>
|
||
Ito
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and 2)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166CE086C90FAAF2D21" authority="Chaudoir" authorityName="Chaudoir" box="[1068,1322,764,790]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166CE086C90FB372D22" box="[1068,1202,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Oxycentrus</emphasis>
|
||
Chaudoir
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu lato (including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166C82C6D48FCCE2D09" authority="Schauberger" authorityName="Schauberger" box="[520,843,804,830]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycentropsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166C82C6D48FD2B2D0A" box="[520,686,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Oxycentropsis</emphasis>
|
||
Schauberger
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166C97C6D48FBA82D09" authority="Ito" authorityName="Ito" box="[856,1069,804,830]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paroxycentrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166C97C6D48FB872D0A" box="[856,1026,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Paroxycentrus</emphasis>
|
||
Ito
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166CE4A6D48FEA82D51" authority="Ito" authorityName="Ito" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trichoxycentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166CE4A6D48FAAE2D0A" box="[1134,1323,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Trichoxycentrus</emphasis>
|
||
Ito
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). These two groups differ chiefly in the body shape (more or less oval, somewhat robust in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166CBA26D18FD972DBA" box="[390,530,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Hyphaerion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166CBA26D18FD972DBA" box="[390,530,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Hyphaerion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and elongate, often cylindrical in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166C9FC6D18FBD82DBA" box="[984,1117,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166C9FC6D18FBD82DBA" box="[984,1117,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Oxycentrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and apparently represent two different adaptive morphological
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E822F45C004166C9606DF0FC072D81" box="[836,898,924,950]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">types</typeStatus>
|
||
associated with different modes of life (probably surface or litter dweller in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166C9206DA8FC152DEA" box="[772,912,964,989]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Hyphaerion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166C9206DA8FC152DEA" box="[772,912,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Hyphaerion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and hole dweller or burrower in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166CB2C6D80FE082A32" box="[264,397,1004,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166CB2C6D80FE082A32" box="[264,397,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Oxycentrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166C8766D80FD522A32" box="[594,727,1004,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166C8766D80FD522A32" box="[594,727,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Oxycentrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also characterized by the particularly long mandibles, usually more elongate than those in species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166C9E26A78FBD72A1A" box="[966,1106,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Hyphaerion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166C9E26A78FBD72A1A" box="[966,1106,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Hyphaerion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166CE816A78FAAF2A1A" box="[1189,1322,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166CE816A78FAAF2A1A" box="[1189,1322,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Oxycentrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A214FD3F5C004166CB2C6A50FEFB2A61" box="[264,382,1084,1110]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166CB9F6A50FDC22A62" box="[443,583,1084,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Hyphaerion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166CB9F6A50FDC22A62" box="[443,583,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Hyphaerion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A214FD3F5C004166C8746A50FD422A61" box="[592,711,1084,1110]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
need revision and the taxonomic status of some of the included taxa invites further investigation. Based on the somewhat robust body and moderately long mandibles,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166C87D6AE0FD502A92" box="[601,725,1164,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166C87D6AE0FD502A92" box="[601,725,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Oesyperus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more similar and probably more closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166CB026AD8FE372AFA" box="[294,434,1204,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Hyphaerion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166CB026AD8FE372AFA" box="[294,434,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Hyphaerion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166C8356AD8FD132AFA" box="[529,662,1204,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166C8356AD8FD132AFA" box="[529,662,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Oxycentrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, it seems to represent a separate genus clearly distinguished from the both by the pubescent body and the modified supraorbital furrows which are deep, more or less straight and prolonged to the neck constriction behind eyes. The latter character state is known to me only for some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166CE2D6B40FE012B59" authority="Morawitz. According" authorityName="Morawitz. According" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trichotichnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166CE2D6B40FB2F2B72" box="[1033,1194,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Trichotichnus</emphasis>
|
||
Morawitz. According
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the original description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC2E1A75C004166C8F06B38FCBA2B59" author="Ito" box="[724,831,1364,1390]" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" refString="Ito, N. (2000) A new genus and species of the Selenophori group from Laos (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini). The Entomological Review of Japan, 55, 25 - 30." type="journal article" year="2000">Ito 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the monotypical genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166CE4A6B38FAAE2B5A" box="[1134,1323,1364,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trichoxycentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166CE4A6B38FAAE2B5A" box="[1134,1323,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Trichoxycentrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses pubescence on the dorsal surfaces of the head and tarsi, but, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166CE836B10FAA62BA2" box="[1191,1315,1404,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166CE836B10FAA62BA2" box="[1191,1315,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Oesyperus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the pronotum and elytra are glabrous. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166C95B6BC8FBB92B8A" box="[895,1084,1444,1469]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trichoxycentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166C95B6BC8FBB92B8A" box="[895,1084,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Trichoxycentrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is certainly closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166CBC46BA0FDE02BD2" box="[480,613,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166CBC46BA0FDE02BD2" box="[480,613,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Oxycentrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, shows other remarkable morphological characters (ligular sclerite quadrisetose, legs densely setose dorsally, prosternum and ventral surface of head densely covered with long setae) differing not only from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166C9996870FBBC2802" box="[957,1081,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166C9996870FBBC2802" box="[957,1081,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Oesyperus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but also from other related genera. In my opinion, the presence of dorsal pubescence in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166CE526828FB77286A" box="[1142,1266,1604,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166CE526828FB77286A" box="[1142,1266,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Oesyperus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166CB2C6800FE4028B2" box="[264,453,1644,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trichoxycentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166CB2C6800FE4028B2" box="[264,453,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Trichoxycentrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not an indication of affinity. It is well known that many groups of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166CB2C68F8FEF32899" box="[264,374,1684,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Harpalini">Harpalini</taxonomicName>
|
||
have dorsal pubescence and in many cases it evolved independently.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C004161CB1C68D0FD552FE1" blockId="3.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastBlockId="4.[264,1323,284,550]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC2E1A75C004166CB9668D0FDA828E1" author="Ito" box="[434,557,1724,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" refString="Ito, N. (2004) A new genus and species of the Selenophori group of tribe Harpalini from India (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 10, 107 - 112." type="journal article" year="2004">Ito (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
established a new selenophorine genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166CE0568D0FBFB28E2" box="[1057,1150,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Merklia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166CE0568D0FBFB28E2" box="[1057,1150,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Merklia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a single newly described species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166C8146888FD2E28CA" box="[560,683,1764,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Merklia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166C8146888FD2E28CA" box="[560,683,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">M. pubens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Because the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166C9B86888FC7C28CA" box="[924,1017,1764,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Merklia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166C9B86888FC7C28CA" box="[924,1017,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Merklia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had already been used in 1997 for a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166CBB76960FD862911" box="[403,515,1804,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lagriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC2E1A75C004166C8416960FD5B2911" author="Ito" box="[613,734,1804,1830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" refString="Ito, N. (2005) Replacement names for the junior homonyms of two species of Trichotichnus and a genus of Harpali (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalini). The Entomological Review of Japan, 60, 53 - 54." type="journal article" year="2005">Ito (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
replaced it by the new name
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166CE6A6960FB722912" box="[1102,1271,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Merklophonus</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC2E1A75C004166CF2E6960FED32979" author="Ito" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" refString="Ito, N. (2004) A new genus and species of the Selenophori group of tribe Harpalini from India (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 10, 107 - 112." type="journal article" year="2004">Ito (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described this genus without reference to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C004166C9456958FC58297A" box="[865,989,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C004166C9456958FC58297A" box="[865,989,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Oesyperus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and mentioned only that it “might be related to the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C074161C85F6F70FC1E2F01" authority="Ganglbauer" authorityName="Ganglbauer" box="[635,923,284,310]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parophonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C074161C85F6F70FC8C2F02" box="[635,777,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Parophonus</emphasis>
|
||
Ganglbauer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C074161C9836F70FBF82F01" authority="Bates" authorityName="Bates" box="[935,1149,284,310]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Ophoniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C074161C9836F70FBB42F02" box="[935,1073,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Ophoniscus</emphasis>
|
||
Bates
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C074161CEAD6F70FD0D2F69" authority="Morawitz, Coleolisssus Bates" authorityName="Morawitz, Coleolisssus Bates" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trichotichnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C074161CEAD6F70FAAF2F02" box="[1161,1322,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Trichotichnus</emphasis>
|
||
Morawitz,
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C074161CBBD6F28FDA92F6A" box="[409,556,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Coleolisssus</emphasis>
|
||
Bates
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C074161C8806F28FC392F69" authority="MacLeay" authorityName="MacLeay" box="[676,956,324,350]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Hyphaereon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C074161C8806F28FCB12F6A" box="[676,820,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Hyphaereon</emphasis>
|
||
MacLeay
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C074161C9FC6F28FB612F69" authority="Chaudoir" authorityName="Chaudoir" box="[984,1252,324,350]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oxycentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C074161C9FC6F28FBDB2F6A" box="[984,1118,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Oxycentrus</emphasis>
|
||
Chaudoir
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C074161CB2C6F00FD9D2FB1" authority="N. Ito" authorityName="N. Ito" box="[264,536,364,390]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trichoxycentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C074161CB2C6F00FE402FB2" box="[264,453,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Trichoxycentrus</emphasis>
|
||
N. Ito
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. Unfortunately, both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C074161C93B6F00FB0E2FB2" authority="Ito and Merklophonus" authorityName="Ito and Merklophonus" box="[799,1163,364,390]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Merklia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C074161C93B6F00FCF92FB2" box="[799,892,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Merklia</emphasis>
|
||
Ito and
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C074161C9C56F00FB0E2FB2" box="[993,1163,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Merklophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are objective synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C074161CB836FF8FDA62F9A" box="[423,547,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C074161CB836FF8FDA62F9A" box="[423,547,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Oesyperus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
since the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E822F45C074161C8BF6FF8FD4B2F99" box="[667,718,404,430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the first two taxa is conspecific with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E822F45C074161CB2C6FD0FEBF2FE1" box="[264,314,444,470]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C074161CB996FD0FDBC2FE2" box="[445,569,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C074161CB996FD0FDBC2FE2" box="[445,569,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Oesyperus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC9C565C074161CB1C6F88FBB32C11" blockId="4.[264,1323,284,550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
It is interesting to note that, although all three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C53E7D55C074161C9EF6F88FBC22FCA" box="[971,1095,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Oesyperus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92740445C074161C9EF6F88FBC22FCA" box="[971,1095,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Oesyperus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ sharply from each other by their appearance, they have very similar male genitalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |