375 lines
46 KiB
XML
375 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="7797E1F03614D5D8D686F773E6309900" ID-CLB-Dataset="8923" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4820.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ce83a1e1-c5fb-4b14-87a3-658d8f417ba8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4397377" ID-ZooBank="033AB19B-0887-42F3-B284-E3D40148FE7B" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609206649360" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Boonzaaier-Davids, Melissa K., Florence, Wayne K. & Gibbons, Mark J." docDate="2020" docId="03F777527A46B15BDBF7FEA9A8D559C3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4820.1.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4820 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Aspidostoma sarcophagus Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons 2020, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="111" masterDocId="FFCE0F2A7A43B15DDB60FFC0A82F5812" masterDocTitle="Novel taxa of Cheilostomata Bryozoa discovered in the historical backlogs of the Iziko South African Museum" masterLastPageNumber="133" masterPageNumber="105" pageNumber="110" updateTime="1698848220343" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="A21F5027BCF60C007A10D549115C70D2">Novel taxa of Cheilostomata Bryozoa discovered in the historical backlogs of the Iziko South African Museum</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="DDFC3B8CD42194821FC2CD0ED2FAB65E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F762F3983DB48CB7F94466F2B9EDE60E">Boonzaaier-Davids, Melissa K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1D7AAF358E8F57673BA3449D412A4228">Research and Exhibitions Department, Iziko Museums of South Africa, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa. & Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="390F5AA24C90D2D4525866552D4B4C96">Florence, Wayne K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EF49903753FC26B4956C8FADAEFAC2C4">Research and Exhibitions Department, Iziko Museums of South Africa, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa. & wflorence @ iziko. org. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0224 - 2874</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1EB4F5FD066518B2B198CD93F91D5CDF" type="email">wflorence@iziko.org.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="55F7EB640B2EADA41FF2B678C5A58EED">Gibbons, Mark J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4E0A79ADF75B1807AD88EC5B9F212850" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8320-8151</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="5382368DA39A61B154B46257BF3B5CCF">Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa. & mgibbons @ uwc. ac. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8320 - 8151</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BE38806E6DA045249279A864684DC2AF" type="email">mgibbons@uwc.ac.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="9EC6788F93C56E2E6B2D0ECEB9C95F96">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6EBAB912579246AC55414611CA57894A">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="54C97367D21E310CA045CC1388C0F920">4820</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F777527A46B15BDBF7FEA9A8D559C3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4437392" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176580400" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4437392" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F777527A46B15BDBF7FEA9A8D559C3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F777527A46B15BDBF7FEA9A8D559C3" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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<subSubSection id="C34495CF7A46B158DBF7FEA9AA335996" box="[151,540,361,388]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE1C6447A46B158DBF7FEA9AA335996" blockId="5.[151,817,361,461]" box="[151,540,361,388]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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<heading id="D0A971287A46B158DBF7FEA9AA335996" bold="true" box="[151,540,361,388]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158DBF7FEA9AA335996" bold="true" box="[151,540,361,388]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A46B158DBF7FEA9A9FD5996" authority="Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons, 2020" authorityName="Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,466,361,388]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sarcophagus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158DBF7FEA9A9FD5996" bold="true" box="[151,466,361,388]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Aspidostoma sarcophagus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219A72D7A46B158DABAFEAAAA335996" box="[474,540,362,388]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34495CF7A46B158DBF7FE4EAB1E59DF" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE1C6447A46B158DBF7FE4EA95559BA" blockId="5.[151,817,361,461]" box="[151,378,398,424]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1365DAC17A46B158DBC0FE4EA8CF59BA" box="[160,224,398,424]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[177,1414,494,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-157@6.[174,1414,489,1810]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–B. Chaperiopsis familiaris n. comb. (SAMC-A026415) A. Group of zooids, some with ovicells (scale bar = 0.4 mm, magnified x120). B. Closer view of some ovicelled zooids (scale bar = 0.2 mm, magnified x250). C–F. Aspidostoma sarcophagus n. sp. (SAMC-A029067). C. Zooids and kenozooids with cryptocystal pits (scale bar = 0.5 mm, magnified x35). D. Close-up of the orifice (scale bar = 0.2 mm, magnified x150). E. Developing antler-like processes (scale bar = 0.2 mm, magnified x100). F. Ovicelled zooid with well-developed antler-like processes (zooid on the left) (scale bar = 0.4 mm, magnified x50)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4397384" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4397384/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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C–F,
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<tableCitation id="C6DCF3FF7A46B158DA7DFE4EA95E59BA" box="[285,369,398,424]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[152,244,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements (in mm) of the holotype of Aspidostoma sarcophagus n. sp. Characters N T Mean ± SD Lz 6 1.17 ± 0.11" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Table 2</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE1C6447A46B158DBF7FE72AB1E59DF" blockId="5.[151,817,361,461]" box="[151,817,434,461]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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zoobank.org/
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<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158DBF7FE34A9AE5A1C" bold="true" box="[151,385,500,526]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54E578E67A46B158DAE8FE34A9DD5A1C" box="[392,498,500,526]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED4F5E817A46B158D960FE34AA425A1C" box="[512,621,500,526]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">SAMC-A</collectionCode>
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029067 (dry), AFR273 A31605 (
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,
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), off Mossel Bay, South Coast,
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<collectingCountry id="F34986D47A46B158DAFCFDD8AA1F5A20" box="[412,560,536,562]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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, trawl, depth
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<quantity id="4CA66BA17A46B158D9B4FDD9AB765A21" box="[724,857,537,563]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" metricValueMax="1.02" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" unit="m" value="101.0" valueMax="102.0" valueMin="100.0">100–102 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFE0E0847A46B158D808FDD8AC215A21" box="[872,1038,536,563]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" value="2011-04-16">16 April 2011</date>
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.
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<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158DF7CFDD8ADB35A20" box="[1052,1436,536,562]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Additional comparative material:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A46B158DBF7FDFCA9DB5A45" authority=", NHMUK" authorityName="NHMUK" box="[151,500,572,599]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="magna">
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<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158DBF7FDFCA9545A44" box="[151,379,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Aspidostoma magna</emphasis>
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, NHMUK
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</taxonomicName>
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1978.2.2.31, station
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<collectionCode id="ED4F5E817A46B158D981FDFDAB265A45" box="[737,777,573,599]" country="Malaysia" name="Sarawak Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">SM</collectionCode>
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41 (
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6AA0837A46B158D885FDFDACAB5A45" box="[997,1156,573,599]" degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" precision="1" seconds="30.0" value="32.575">32°34’30.0”E</geoCoordinate>
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), off Richard’s Bay, East Coast,
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<collectingCountry id="F34986D47A46B158DB86FDA0A9575A68" box="[230,376,608,634]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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, bongo, depth
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<quantity id="4CA66BA17A46B158D940FDA1AA455A69" box="[544,618,609,635]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" unit="m" value="880.0">880 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFE0E0847A46B158D917FDA1AB3E5A69" box="[631,785,608,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" value="1975-06-29">29 June 1975</date>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A46B158D87DFDA0ABD95A68" authorityName="Hayward & Cook" authorityYear="1983" box="[797,1014,608,634]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="livida">
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||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158D87DFDA0ABD95A68" box="[797,1014,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Aspidostoma livida</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED4F5E817A46B158DF65FDA0AC5D5A68" box="[1029,1138,608,634]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">SAMC-A</collectionCode>
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026420 (
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<typeStatus id="54E578E67A46B158DFB6FDA0AD115A69" box="[1238,1342,608,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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), station
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<collectionCode id="ED4F5E817A46B158DBF7FD45A8905A8D" box="[151,191,645,671]" country="Malaysia" name="Sarawak Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">SM</collectionCode>
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239 (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6AA0837A46B158DA62FD45A9595A8D" box="[258,374,645,671]" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="14.8" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" precision="92" value="-32.246666">32°14.8’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6AA0837A46B158DAE3FD45A9D65A8D" box="[387,505,645,671]" degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="00.8" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" precision="92" value="29.013334">29°00.8’E</geoCoordinate>
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), off Mbhanyana River Mouth, Southeast Coast,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F34986D47A46B158DF46FD44AC975A8C" box="[1062,1208,644,670]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED4F5E817A46B158DFA5FD45ACC65A8D" box="[1221,1257,645,671]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">RV</collectionCode>
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<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158DF91FD45ADB35A8C" box="[1265,1436,644,670]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Meiring Naude</emphasis>
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||
Survey, double beam trawl, depth
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<quantity id="4CA66BA17A46B158D97EFD69AA755AD1" box="[542,602,681,707]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" unit="m" value="90.0">90 m</quantity>
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,
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||
<date id="FFE0E0847A46B158D907FD68AB2C5AD1" box="[615,771,680,707]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" value="1979-06-25">25 June 1979</date>
|
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. ‘
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<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158D878FD68ABD45AD0" box="[792,1019,680,706]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A46B158D878FD68AB865AD0" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1881" box="[792,937,680,706]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">Aspidostoma</taxonomicName>
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||
livida’
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||
</emphasis>
|
||
(=
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A46B158DF45FD69AC945AD0" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1854" box="[1061,1211,681,707]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158DF45FD69AC945AD0" box="[1061,1211,681,707]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">A. giganteum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4F5E817A46B158DFB4FD68AD6D5AD0" box="[1236,1346,680,706]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">SAMC-A</collectionCode>
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028660, station ANO183 (
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,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6AA0837A46B158DAAAFD0DAA055AF5" box="[458,554,717,743]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" precision="925" value="18.366667">18°22’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), off Clifton Beach, West Coast, collected by G. Harkins, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CA66BA17A46B158DF9EFD0CAD165AF5" box="[1278,1337,716,743]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" unit="m" value="95.0">95 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFE0E0847A46B158DE25FD0DA8FC5B19" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" value="2000-05-30">30 May 2000</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34495CF7A46B158DBA7FCD5AD465B40" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1C6447A46B158DBA7FCD5AD465B40" blockId="5.[151,1437,500,2039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158DBA7FCD5A9615B3D" bold="true" box="[199,334,789,815]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A46B158DAFBFCD4AA065B3C" authorityName="Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons" authorityYear="2020" box="[411,553,788,814]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sarcophagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158DAFBFCD4AA065B3C" box="[411,553,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">sarcophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(anglicized spelling of a Greek word to indicate the ancient Egyptian anthropoid coffins), referring to the hexagonal (sarcophagus-like) shape of the zooids. Used as a name in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34495CF7A46B158DBA7FC9CABA45BF1" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1C6447A46B158DBA7FC9CABA45BF1" blockId="5.[151,1437,500,2039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158DBA7FC9CA96D5B64" bold="true" box="[199,322,860,886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Colony erect, bilaminar, thickly calcified. Autozooids with extensive, granular cryptocyst with scattered pits in the centre; antler-like processes developing in late ontogeny at zooidal distal corners. Opesia with ‘axe head-shaped’ lip and paired opesiular channels proximally. Avicularia absent. Ovicell globular, prominent; ooecium helmet-shaped formed by the distal autozooid. Kenozooids present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34495CF7A46B158DBA7FC2CAB235D80" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1C6447A46B158DBA7FC2CAB235D80" blockId="5.[151,1437,500,2039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158DBA7FC2CA9765C14" bold="true" box="[199,345,1004,1030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Colony erect, rigid, forming broad, bilaminar, (seemingly) anastomosing branches; the largest of three fragments about
|
||
<quantity id="4CA66BA17A46B158DAD6FBD0AA295C39" box="[438,518,1040,1067]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="46.0">46 mm</quantity>
|
||
long by
|
||
<quantity id="4CA66BA17A46B158D90CFBD1AA935C39" box="[620,700,1041,1067]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; dark maroon colour in dried material. Autozooids roughly hexagonal, large,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA66BA17A46B158DA3DFBF5A9EE5C5D" box="[349,449,1077,1103]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="1.17">1.17 mm</quantity>
|
||
long by
|
||
<quantity id="4CA66BA17A46B158D943FBF5AAA85C5D" box="[547,647,1077,1103]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="0.78">0.78 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, distinct by wavy sutures. Frontal shield convex; cryptocyst with scattered pits concentrated in the centre, a few pits (if any) distally above the opesia. Opesia rounded triangular or semicircular, the proximal border forming a thick ‘axe head-shaped’ lip about 0.23 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CA66BA17A46B158DF3BFBBDAC905C85" box="[1115,1215,1149,1175]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="0.01">0.01 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (N
|
||
<subScript id="17DAC4017A46B158DE42FB4FAD035C8F" attach="left" box="[1314,1324,1167,1181]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">T</subScript>
|
||
= 9) with paired opesiular channels. Distal end of autozooids forming a raised rim, frequently with blunt processes developing on each corner, in later ontogeny becoming antler-like processes about
|
||
<quantity id="4CA66BA17A46B158D892FB05AC775CCD" box="[1010,1112,1221,1247]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" unit="mm" value="0.38">0.38 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, persisting in ovicelled autozooids. Ovicell prominent; ooecium formed by distal autozooid, comprised of membranous ectooecium and thick calcified entooecium, helmet-shaped, longer than wide, with convex lip proximally, imperforate with finely granular surface in cleaned specimens, lateral sides becoming covered by secondary calcification formed by the maternal zooid. Kenozooids hexagonal, scattered throughout the colony, often as large as autozooids; frontal wall granular with cryptocystal pits. Avicularia not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34495CF7A46B15BDBA7FA5DA8D559C3" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1C6447A46B158DBA7FA5DA99F5E54" blockId="5.[151,1437,500,2039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158DBA7FA5DA9145DA5" bold="true" box="[199,315,1437,1463]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A46B158DA21FA5CAA435DA5" authority="Hincks, 1881" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1881" box="[321,620,1436,1463]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158DA21FA5CA9FD5DA4" box="[321,466,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Aspidostoma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A46B158DAB8FA5CAA435DA5" author="Hincks, T." box="[472,620,1436,1463]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="147 - 161" refId="ref16353" refString="Hincks, T. (1881) Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. Part IV. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 147 - 161. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938109459489" type="journal article" year="1881">Hincks, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an ancient genus reported since the Cretaceous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A46B158DFFFFA5DAD335DA5" author="Canu, F." box="[1183,1308,1437,1463]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="334 - 463" refId="ref14811" refString="Canu, F. (1900) Revision des Bryozoaires du Cretace figures par d'Orbigny. II, Cheilostomata. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France, 28, 334 - 463." type="journal article" year="1900">Canu 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A46B158DE46FA5DAD4F5DA5" author="Canu, F." box="[1318,1376,1437,1463]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="9" refId="ref14845" refString="Canu, F. (1911) Bryozoaires in types du prodrome de paleontologie de Alcide d'Orbigny. Annales de Paleontologie, 6, 67 (pl. 9)." type="journal article" year="1911">1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and also known from the early Cenozoic deposits of Patagonia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34986D47A46B158D820FA00AB885DC8" box="[832,935,1472,1498]" name="Australia" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34986D47A46B158D881FA01AC565DC8" box="[993,1145,1472,1499]" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A46B158DFE9FA01AD345DC9" author="Brown, D. A." box="[1161,1307,1472,1499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" refId="ref14466" refString="Brown, D. A. (1952) The Tertiary cheilostomatous polyzoa of New Zealand. British Museum, London, 405 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 118779" type="book" year="1952">Brown 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A46B158DE48FA00A90C5DED" author="Gordon, D. P. & Taylor, P. D." pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref15578" refString="Gordon, D. P. & Taylor, P. D. (1999) Bryozoa of the Early Eocene Tumaio Limestone, Chatham Island. New Zealand. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, Geology, 55, 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="1999">Gordon & Taylor 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Only four extant species are known today, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A46B158D80BFA25ACA65DED" authority="Busk, 1854" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1854" box="[875,1161,1508,1535]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158D80BFA25AC2F5DEC" box="[875,1024,1509,1535]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">A. giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A46B158DF66FA24ACA65DED" author="Busk, G." box="[1030,1161,1508,1535]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="55 - 120" refId="ref14553" refString="Busk, G. (1854) Cheilostomata (part). In: Catalogue of marine Polyzoa in the collection of the British Museum. II. Trustees of the British Museum, London, pp. 55 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 20859" type="book chapter" year="1854">Busk, 1854</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A46B158DFF3FA25A8FD5E31" authority="Thornely, 1924" authorityName="Thornely" authorityYear="1924" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="coronatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158DFF3FA25AD055DEC" box="[1171,1322,1509,1535]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">A. coronatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A46B158DE50FA24A8FD5E31" author="Thornely, L. R." pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref18539" refString="Thornely, L. R. (1924) Polyzoa. Scientific reports of the Australian Antarctic Expedition 1911 - 1914, Series C, Zoology and Botany, 6, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1924">Thornely, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A46B158DBBEF9C9AA485E31" authority="Hayward & Cook, 1979" authorityName="Hayward & Cook" authorityYear="1979" box="[222,615,1544,1571]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="magna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158DBBEF9C9A9645E30" box="[222,331,1545,1571]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">A. magna</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A46B158DA33F9C8AA485E31" author="Hayward, P. J. & Cook, P. L." box="[339,615,1544,1571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="43 - 130" refId="ref15989" refString="Hayward, P. J. & Cook, P. L. (1979) The South African Museum's Meiring Naude Cruises. Part 9, Bryozoa. Annals of the South African Museum, 79, 43 - 130." type="journal article" year="1979">Hayward & Cook, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A46B158D9C3F9C9AC305E31" authority="Hayward & Cook, 1983" authorityName="Hayward & Cook" authorityYear="1983" box="[675,1055,1544,1571]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="livida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158D9C3F9C9AB2C5E30" box="[675,771,1544,1571]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">A. livida</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A46B158D86BF9C8AC305E31" author="Hayward, P. J. & Cook, P. L." box="[779,1055,1544,1571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 161" refId="ref16031" refString="Hayward, P. J. & Cook, P. L. (1983) The South African Museum's Meiring Naude Cruises. Part 13, Bryozoa II. Annals of the South African Museum, 91, 1 - 161." type="journal article" year="1983">Hayward & Cook, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the latter two species considered endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34986D47A46B158DA7AF9ECA9835E54" box="[282,428,1580,1606]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1C6447A46B158DBA7F990A9FE5F50" blockId="5.[151,1437,500,2039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A46B158DBA7F990A9FA5E78" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1854" box="[199,469,1616,1642]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158DBA7F990A9FA5E78" box="[199,469,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Aspidostoma giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a widespread distribution in the South Atlantic Ocean, from Magellan Strait to the Falkland Isles, across the southern Patagonia Shelf, and also recorded in Gough Island, ranging as south as the South Shetland Isles in the Antarctic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A46B158D968F958AA985EA1" author="Hayward, P. J." box="[520,695,1688,1715]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" refId="ref15915" refString="Hayward, P. J. (1995) Antartic cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 355 pp." type="book" year="1995">Hayward 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species is characterised by hexagonal-shaped autozooids, a proximal raised lip notched on each side, and small interzooidal avicularia sparsely distributed throughout the colony (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A46B158DB93F920A9B05EE9" author="Hayward, P. J." box="[243,415,1760,1787]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" refId="ref15915" refString="Hayward, P. J. (1995) Antartic cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 355 pp." type="book" year="1995">Hayward 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Upon further inspection, one of the colonies (SAMC-A028660, in ethanol) in the SAMC
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A46B158DBF7F8C5A8D95F0D" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1831" box="[151,246,1797,1823]" class="Bryozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="class">Bryozoa</taxonomicName>
|
||
collection (previously identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A46B158D9EEF8C5AAC15F0C" authorityName="Hayward & Cook" authorityYear="1983" box="[654,750,1796,1823]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="livida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158D9EEF8C5AAC15F0C" box="[654,750,1796,1823]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">A. livida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is, in fact, the only known record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A46B158DFFEF8C5AD1B5F0C" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1854" box="[1182,1332,1797,1823]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="giganteum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158DFFEF8C5AD1B5F0C" box="[1182,1332,1797,1823]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">A. giganteum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the West Coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34986D47A46B158DA5BF8E8A9E35F50" box="[315,460,1832,1858]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1C6447A46B158DBA7F88CA8F45FE5" blockId="5.[151,1437,500,2039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
|
||
The Antarctic species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A46B158DADEF88DAA7B5F74" authorityName="Thornely" authorityYear="1924" box="[446,596,1869,1895]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="coronatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158DADEF88DAA7B5F74" box="[446,596,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">A. coronatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also reported in Eocene material (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A46B158D8B8F88DAC7D5F75" author="Hara, U." box="[984,1106,1869,1895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="33 - 156" refId="ref15717" refString="Hara, U. (2001) Bryozoans from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula. In: Gazdzicki, A. (Ed.), Palaeontological Results of the Polish Antarctic Expeditions. Palaeontologia Polonica, Part III, pp. 33 - 156." type="book chapter" year="2001">Hara 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A46B158DF3DF88CAD2A5F75" author="Hayward, P. J." box="[1117,1285,1868,1895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" refId="ref15915" refString="Hayward, P. J. (1995) Antartic cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 355 pp." type="book" year="1995">Hayward 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A46B158DBF7F8B1A9695F98" authority="Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons, 2020" authorityName="Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,326,1904,1931]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sarcophagus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158DBF7F8B1A9695F98" box="[151,326,1904,1931]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">A. sarcophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158DA2EF8B1A9A15F99" bold="true" box="[334,398,1905,1931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219A72D7A46B158DA2EF8B1A9A15F99" box="[334,398,1905,1931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in having distolateral horns, sporadic kenozooids, irregularly distributed frontal pits, finely granular surface and convex hexagonal autozooids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A46B158D986F854ABBC5FBD" author="Hayward, P. J." box="[742,915,1940,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" refId="ref15915" refString="Hayward, P. J. (1995) Antartic cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 355 pp." type="book" year="1995">Hayward 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A46B158DF7DF855AC995FBC" authorityName="Thornely" authorityYear="1924" box="[1053,1206,1941,1967]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="coronatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158DF7DF855AC995FBC" box="[1053,1206,1941,1967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">A. coronatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A46B158DE2FF855A92D5FC0" authority="Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons, 2020" authorityName="Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons" authorityYear="2020" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sarcophagus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158DE2FF855A92D5FC0" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">A. sarcophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A46B158DA6AF879A9655FC1" bold="true" box="[266,330,1977,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219A72D7A46B158DA6AF879A9655FC1" box="[266,330,1977,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in forming thick nodular fronds, as well as in having interzooidal avicularia and distinct marginal pores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1C6447A45B15BDBA7FF57A89A599B" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
The present material was also compared to both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A45B15BD993FF57AB4F58A2" authorityName="Hayward & Cook" authorityYear="1979" box="[755,864,151,177]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="magna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A45B15BD993FF57AB4F58A2" box="[755,864,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">A. magna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A45B15BD8FAFF57ABD458A3" authorityName="Hayward & Cook" authorityYear="1983" box="[922,1019,151,177]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="livida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A45B15BD8FAFF57ABD458A3" box="[922,1019,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">A. livida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34986D47A45B15BDF0CFF57ACD058A3" box="[1132,1279,151,177]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A45B15BDE6CFF57A8CC58C6" authorityName="Hayward & Cook" authorityYear="1979" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="magna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A45B15BDE6CFF57A8CC58C6" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Aspidostoma magna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A45B15BDA1AFF7BAA0758C7" authority="Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons, 2020" authorityName="Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons" authorityYear="2020" box="[378,552,187,213]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sarcophagus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A45B15BDA1AFF7BAA0758C7" box="[378,552,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">A. sarcophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A45B15BD94FFF7BAA4058C7" bold="true" box="[559,623,187,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219A72D7A45B15BD94FFF7BAA4058C7" box="[559,623,187,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in having erect, subcylindrical colonies, a frontal umbo on the ooecium and a conical knob proximal to the opesia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A45B15BD91CFF1FABA758EB" author="Hayward, P. J. & Cook, P. L." box="[636,904,223,249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" pagination="43 - 130" refId="ref15989" refString="Hayward, P. J. & Cook, P. L. (1979) The South African Museum's Meiring Naude Cruises. Part 9, Bryozoa. Annals of the South African Museum, 79, 43 - 130." type="journal article" year="1979">Hayward & Cook 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 74).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A45B15BD883FF1FAC9458EB" authorityName="Hayward & Cook" authorityYear="1983" box="[995,1211,223,249]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="livida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A45B15BD883FF1FAC9458EB" box="[995,1211,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Aspidostoma livida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs also from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A45B15BDEE4FF1FA90A590F" authority="Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons, 2020" authorityName="Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons" authorityYear="2020" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sarcophagus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A45B15BDEE4FF1FA90A590F" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">A. sarcophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A45B15BDA4CFEC3A944590F" bold="true" box="[300,363,259,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219A72D7A45B15BDA4CFEC3A944590F" box="[300,363,259,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in having sporadic distolateral interzooidal avicularia and fenestrulae rimmed by a single series of sizeable kenozooids. Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A45B15BD921FEE7AA8E5953" authorityName="Hayward & Cook" authorityYear="1983" box="[577,673,295,321]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="livida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A45B15BD921FEE7AA8E5953" box="[577,673,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">A. livida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has smaller autozooids (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA66BA17A45B15BD8DAFEE7AC0E5953" box="[954,1057,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="mm" value="0.89">0.89 mm</quantity>
|
||
long by
|
||
<quantity id="4CA66BA17A45B15BDFE6FEE7ACC45953" box="[1158,1259,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="mm" value="0.73">0.73 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFBBB57A45B15BDE04FEE7A95B5977" author="Hayward, P. J. & Cook, P. L." pageId="6" pageNumber="111" pagination="1 - 161" refId="ref16031" refString="Hayward, P. J. & Cook, P. L. (1983) The South African Museum's Meiring Naude Cruises. Part 13, Bryozoa II. Annals of the South African Museum, 91, 1 - 161." type="journal article" year="1983">Hayward & Cook 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 36) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A45B15BD961FE8BAA815977" authority="Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons, 2020" authorityName="Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons" authorityYear="2020" box="[513,686,331,357]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sarcophagus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A45B15BD961FE8BAA815977" box="[513,686,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">A. sarcophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A45B15BD9D6FE8BAAD95977" bold="true" box="[694,758,331,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219A72D7A45B15BD9D6FE8BAAD95977" box="[694,758,331,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA66BA17A45B15BD865FE8AAB845977" box="[773,939,330,357]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.21" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="1.07" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="mm" value="1.21" valueMax="1.35" valueMin="1.07">1.07–1.35 mm</quantity>
|
||
long by
|
||
<quantity id="4CA66BA17A45B15BDF6FFE8BAC9D5977" box="[1039,1202,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.7" metricValueMin="6.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.87" valueMin="0.63">0.63–0.87 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, see also
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DCF3FF7A45B15BDE3EFE8BA887599B" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[152,244,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements (in mm) of the holotype of Aspidostoma sarcophagus n. sp. Characters N T Mean ± SD Lz 6 1.17 ± 0.11" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE1C6447A45B15BDBA7FE53A8D559C3" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EBDC77A45B15BDBA7FE53A9C259BF" authority="Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons, 2020" authorityName="Boonzaaier-Davids & Florence & Gibbons" authorityYear="2020" box="[199,493,403,429]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Aspidostomatidae" genus="Aspidostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sarcophagus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A45B15BDBA7FE53A9C259BF" box="[199,493,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">Aspidostoma sarcophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B92A1A567A45B15BDA94FE53AA1C59BF" bold="true" box="[500,563,403,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219A72D7A45B15BDA94FE53AA1C59BF" box="[500,563,403,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is only known from the South Coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34986D47A45B15BD897FE53ACA759BF" box="[1015,1160,403,429]" name="South Africa" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, off Knysna, at
|
||
<quantity id="4CA66BA17A45B15BDE5AFE53A88259C3" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" metricValueMax="1.02" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" unit="m" value="101.0" valueMax="102.0" valueMin="100.0">100–102 m</quantity>
|
||
depth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |