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104 lines
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<document id="5F721019D09A9B7085C8DB4D60F300AE" ID-DOI="10.26879/1220" ID-ISSN="1094-8074" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10962250" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" IM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1712859670786" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Jacisin Iii, John J. & Lawing, A. Michelle" docDate="2024" docId="03B387E8FFBA321884E3F9EB9C63F9BE" docLanguage="en" docName="PalaeontolElectron.27.1.a2.pdf" docOrigin="Palaeontologia Electronica (a 2) 27 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1220" docStyle="DocumentStyle:322FC57CC99045555090E8A84CFB029A.4:PalaeontolElectron.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="322FC57CC99045555090E8A84CFB029A" docStyleName="PalaeontolElectron.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Natricidae Bonaparte 1840" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="FF8AFF90FFA8320B8770FFDA9964FFD9" masterDocTitle="Fossil snakes of the Penny Creek Local Fauna from Webster County, Nebraska, USA, and the first record of snakes from the Early Clarendonian (12.5 - 12 Ma) of North America" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1715215045661" updateUser="admin" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="9BE7DA36FBDD9E18F68ACE15E1663BB8">Fossil snakes of the Penny Creek Local Fauna from Webster County, Nebraska, USA, and the first record of snakes from the Early Clarendonian (12.5 - 12 Ma) of North America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A405062D679FB46FE1B9DF45A4115E8A">Jacisin Iii, John J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="6DACDECDB57FC9510D45ECD3546B0ADD" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3D9FB92C192EDC82BCD1E1FB2BB5B98E">Lawing, A. Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="16B44CCDA7D385FB7728882EAE558786">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="ECEF153CE2FB513A8E808474B7EB9AAE">Palaeontologia Electronica</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6D4B4ACFE19552FF31C3A5338A650B8F">
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<mods:date id="C3BE2C2722821A20BD174BDF22A29D87">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="8F7E779EBC5724F62CB17FE91E5E0E02">a 2</mods:title>
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<mods:detail id="6B7304A74A6264F6658941A18582F6B9" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="05F5A16BAA534E86AC5D3F51A6D8815B">27</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="BFEA101C3362BEE6E11AF3CA5618CF63" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="2F5DF52761B0DD67587930CF4AB3FEB9">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="D727175D3AC569E4B5E819EB623008A1">1</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="9DBF8CBF214AABD3BA87DE58AB754145">http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1220</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="D88DADC2B7DA0CC8AAD9424EF7F85827">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D40E97F797CCF819DF756D050A54E9FA" type="DOI">10.26879/1220</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DB45AECDEFAA33388B783B0476F048FD" type="ISSN">1094-8074</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B387E8FFBA321884E3F9EB9C63F9BE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387E8FFBA321884E3F9EB9C63F9BE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387E8FFBA321884E3F9EB9C63F9BE" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="C3006575FFBA321984E3F9EB9C30F993" box="[915,1364,1584,1610]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFBA321984E3F9EB9C30F993" blockId="18.[915,1364,1584,1610]" box="[915,1364,1584,1610]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<heading id="D0ED8192FFBA321984E3F9EB9C30F993" box="[915,1364,1584,1610]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="8">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFBA32198499F9EA9C30F993" authority="Bonaparte, 1840" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1840" box="[1001,1364,1584,1610]" class="Reptilia" family="Natricidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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NATRICIDAE
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFBA321983E0F9EB9C30F993" author="Bonaparte, C. L." box="[1168,1364,1585,1610]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="385 - 456" refId="ref18089" refString="Bonaparte, C. L. 1840. Amphibia europaea ad systema nostrum vertebratorum ordinate. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, 2: 385 - 456." type="journal article" year="1840">Bonaparte, 1840</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3006575FFBA32198438F9819DF7F8AD" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFBA32198438F9819DF7F8AD" blockId="18.[840,1440,1627,1909]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFBA32198438F9819AABF9AD" bold="true" box="[840,975,1627,1652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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North American natricid vertebrae have well-developed, pointed hypapophyses directed posteriorly on the trunk vertebrae (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFBA3219821DF9419AABF90D" author="Holman, J. A." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref19958" refString="Holman, J. A. 2000. Fossil snakes of North America: Origin, evolution, distribution, paleoecology. Indiana University Press, Bloomington." type="book" year="2000">Holman, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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). These hypapophyses are usually sigmoid in shape (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFBA32198365F9019DB3F92D" author="Szyndlar, Z." box="[1045,1239,1755,1781]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="237 - 266" refId="ref23433" refString="Szyndlar, Z. 1991. A review of Neogene and Quaternary snakes of central and Eastern Europe. Part II: Natricinae, Elapidae, Viperidae. Estudios Geologicos, 47: 237 - 266." type="journal article" year="1991">Szyndlar, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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). The vertebrae overall are lightly built and elongate, with long centra, strong subcentral ridges, posteriorly vaulted neural arches, and somewhat short parapophyseal processes (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFBA321984BFF8819DE3F8AD" author="Szyndlar, Z." box="[975,1159,1883,1909]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="237 - 266" refId="ref23433" refString="Szyndlar, Z. 1991. A review of Neogene and Quaternary snakes of central and Eastern Europe. Part II: Natricinae, Elapidae, Viperidae. Estudios Geologicos, 47: 237 - 266." type="journal article" year="1991">Szyndlar, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF656676FFBB321887B4FAA49CFCFA6A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10962272" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10962272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10962272/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[196,287,1406,1429]" targetBox="[192,1437,168,1389]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFBB321887B4FAA49CFCFA6A" blockId="19.[196,1438,1406,1459]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFBB321887B4FAA49859FA4C" bold="true" box="[196,317,1406,1429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
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Middle trunk vertebra of
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFBB32188525FAA49B8CFA4C" box="[597,744,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFBB32188525FAA49BA1FA4C" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1801" box="[597,709,1406,1429]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Heterodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heterodon</taxonomicName>
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cf.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D7DFFBB32188581FAA49D03FA4C" box="[753,1127,1406,1429]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Heterodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tiheni" subGenus="Paleoheterodon">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFBB32188581FAA49A05FA4C" box="[753,865,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Heterodon</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFBB32188403FAA49D78FA4C" box="[883,1052,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Paleoheterodon</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFBB3218835EFAA49D03FA4C" box="[1070,1127,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">tiheni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Penny Creek local fauna. From top left: dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, and lateral views (anterior to the left). Scale bar equals 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C3006575FFBB321887B0FA349C63F9BE" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA536FEFFBB321887B0FA349C63F9BE" blockId="19.[192,793,1518,1895]" lastBlockId="19.[840,1440,1518,1639]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B96EEAECFFBB321887B0FA34985CF9DE" bold="true" box="[192,312,1518,1543]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFBB32188637FA349B6EF9DE" author="Szyndlar, Z." box="[327,522,1518,1544]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="237 - 266" refId="ref23433" refString="Szyndlar, Z. 1991. A review of Neogene and Quaternary snakes of central and Eastern Europe. Part II: Natricinae, Elapidae, Viperidae. Estudios Geologicos, 47: 237 - 266." type="journal article" year="1991">Szyndlar (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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differentiated natricid snakes from other snake groups known to possess hypapophyses on their trunk vertebrae. Natricids differ from viperids in exhibiting hypapophyses that are somewhat sigmoidal in shape, and in possessing a relatively longer centra, posteriorly vaulted neural arches, and shorter parapophyseal processes. They differ from elapids in being more lightly build overall, with much longer centra and prominent subcentral ridges. Despite the hypapophyses being presented as a definitive character for natricids as a whole,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFBB32188692F8949BCAF8BE" author="McDowell, S. B." box="[482,686,1870,1895]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="502 - 506" refId="ref21467" refString="McDowell, S. B. 1961. (Review of) Systematic division and evolution of the colubrid snake genus. Natrix, with comments on the subfamily Natricinae, by Edmond V. Malnate. Copeia, 1961: 502 - 506." type="journal article" year="1961">McDowell (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFBB321885C9F8949AFDF9DE" author="Malnate, E. V." box="[697,921,1518,1895]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="225 - 239" refId="ref21392" refString="Malnate, E. V. 1972. Observations on the vertebral hypapophyses and associated musculature in some snakes, with special reference to the Colubridae. Zoologische Mededelingen, 47 (18): 225 - 239." type="journal article" year="1972">Malnate (1972)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B0FFFBB321884ACFA349D10F9DE" author="Ikeda, T." box="[988,1140,1518,1543]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="13 - 34" refId="ref20276" refString="Ikeda, T. 2007. A comparative morphological study of the vertebrae of snakes occurring in Japan and adjacent regions. Current Herpetology, 26: 13 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.3105 / 1345 - 5834 (2007) 26 [13: ACMSOT] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Ikeda (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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showed that there are a few exceptions to this rule outside of North America, possibly representing a loss of this character later in the evolution of some species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |