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<document id="23BE09EF0E1A3A8FF4939D9BC87874E5" ID-CLB-Dataset="26772" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4608.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="03ab9bb4-3e3e-4299-817a-1326f44df429" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3055686" ID-ZooBank="DBDCC4AF-9DDB-4851-B8C8-BC403823E702" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1558350137655" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Köhler, Gunther &amp; Vargas, Joseph" docDate="2019" docId="038AC1467F17B00C8CC5F00FFF56D59A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4608.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4608 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Norops arenal Köhler &amp; Vargas 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="A1D5860E-E53D-4A4C-97D3-DEF4B7D665AA" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="267" masterDocId="FFB3B93E7F14B00A8C52F403FFA5D260" masterDocTitle="A new species of anole from Parque Nacional Volcán Arenal, Costa Rica (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae: Norops)" masterLastPageNumber="278" masterPageNumber="261" pageNumber="264" updateTime="1698731190068" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="754F40007B7DC7D0123F95ACE5D62360">A new species of anole from Parque Nacional Volcán Arenal, Costa Rica (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae: Norops)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E28200CE3DDDEE0BA51934071BADA826" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E79B836925E5F0EED51489EDA4C831BE">Köhler, Gunther</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="22F9A57ABD429BF26F22729D99A3A9FA">Vargas, Joseph</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C1F523EDEBF9BCC28A44B05EC46DD370">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="63F0C7211953CDEB2492B54A5727E14E">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5D11343EA9A4C0812A84429A6D8E6EC7">2019-05-20</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="3D03AD0362358C3A06A7C2A797F1C3A4">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="31B42292920343206378B152C6B2AA25" type="CLB-Dataset">26772</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9506666E3ADFB3A4ABDD62D9C501D80D" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4608.2.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6F8B1C8257AD92B34F303AA61404CE57" type="GBIF-Dataset">03ab9bb4-3e3e-4299-817a-1326f44df429</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038AC1467F17B00C8CC5F00FFF56D59A" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157232183" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A1D5860E-E53D-4A4C-97D3-DEF4B7D665AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038AC1467F17B00C8CC5F00FFF56D59A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="267" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">
<subSubSection id="C33923DB7F17B0098CC5F00FFE0FD646" box="[151,426,1035,1062]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9C70507F17B0098CC5F00FFE0FD646" blockId="3.[151,993,1035,1134]" box="[151,426,1035,1062]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">
<heading id="D0D4C73C7F17B0098CC5F00FFE0FD646" bold="true" box="[151,426,1035,1062]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F17B0098CC5F00FFE0FD646" bold="true" box="[151,426,1035,1062]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F17B0098CC5F00FFEE0D646" ID-CoL="8SJF5" authority="Köhler &amp; Vargas, 2019" authorityName="Köhler &amp; Vargas" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,325,1035,1062]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arenal" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F17B0098CC5F00FFEE0D646" bold="true" box="[151,325,1035,1062]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Norops arenal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26411397F17B0098D1EF00FFE0FD646" box="[332,426,1036,1062]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33923DB7F17B0098CC5F033FC44D60E" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9C70507F17B0098CC5F033FEBED62A" blockId="3.[151,993,1035,1134]" box="[151,283,1072,1098]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">
<figureCitation id="13186CD57F17B0098CC5F033FF46D62A" box="[151,227,1072,1098]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1730,1755]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,837,1701]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,837,1701]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Norops arenal in life. (A,B) SMF 103506 (holotype, male); (C,D) UCR 22949 (paratype, female). Photographs by J.V. (A,B) and G.K (C,D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3055694/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13186CD57F17B0098CA3F033FEBED62A" box="[241,283,1072,1098]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStart-3="FIGURE 7" captionStart-4="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1488,1513]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,250,1935,1960]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,250,1940,1965]" captionStartId-3="11.[151,250,1446,1471]" captionStartId-4="12.[151,250,1072,1097]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,162,1468]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,162,1911]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,162,1911]" captionTargetBox-3="[182,1406,162,1406]" captionTargetBox-4="[196,1392,369,1046]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[151,1436,162,1468]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[151,1436,162,1911]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[151,1436,162,1911]" captionTargetId-3="figure@11.[182,1406,162,1406]" captionTargetId-4="figure@12.[196,1392,369,1046]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Holotype (SMF 103506: A–C) and paratype (UCR 22949: D–F) of Norops arenal in dorsal, lateral and ventral views. Scale bars equal 5.0 mm. Photographs by G.K." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Holotype (SMF 103506: A–D) and paratype (UCR 22949: E–H) of Norops arenal: right lateral head, left lateral head, dorsal head, and ventral head. Scale bars equal 1.0 mm. Photographs by G.K." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Holotype (SMF 103506: A–D) and paratype (UCR 22949: E–H) of Norops arenal: dorsal region, flank region, midventer, and lateral tail. Scale bars equal 1.0 mm. Photographs by G.K." captionText-3="FIGURE 7. Holotype (SMF 103506: A–C) and paratype (UCR 22949: D–F) of Norops arenal: lateral snout, ventral snout, and cloacal region. Scale bars equal 1.0 mm. Photographs by G.K." captionText-4="FIGURE 8. Hemipenes of Norops arenal (SMF 99150): sulcate view, asulcate view, and lateral view. Scale bar equals 1.0 mm. Photographs by G.K." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3055714/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3055718/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3055732/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3055744/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3404673/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">4–8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C70507F17B0098CC5F050FC44D60E" blockId="3.[151,993,1035,1134]" box="[151,993,1107,1134]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">
<uri id="FFB27C527F17B0098CC5F050FC44D60E" box="[151,993,1107,1134]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FF854A857F17B0098DFBF050FC44D60E" box="[425,993,1107,1134]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">A1D5860E-E53D-4A4C-97D3-DEF4B7D665AA</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33923DB7F17B0098CC5F098FAFFD726" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9C70507F17B0098CC5F098FE31D69E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1179,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">
<materialsCitation id="3B4B7A0D7F17B0098CC5F098FE31D69E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2242680545" collectingDate="2016-11-09" collectionCode="SMF" collectorName="Joseph Vargas Alvarez" country="Costa Rica" elevation="585" location="Parque Nacional Volcan Arenal" municipality="Province" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" specimenCode="SMF 103506" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alajuela" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F17B0098CC5F098FEADD6D6" bold="true" box="[151,264,1179,1206]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">
<typeStatus id="5498CEF27F17B0098CC5F098FF5AD6D6" box="[151,255,1179,1206]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F17B0098CC5F098FF5AD6D6" bold="true" box="[151,255,1179,1206]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DB85D82B7F17B0098D5FF09FFE04D6D6" box="[269,417,1179,1206]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">SMF 103506</specimenCode>
, adult male, from
<collectingCountry id="F33430C07F17B0098E36F09FFD7AD6D6" box="[612,735,1180,1206]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF8EA2A7F17B0098EBAF09FFCE9D6D6" box="[744,844,1180,1206]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Province</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingRegion id="49E7BEB27F17B0098F1DF09FFC14D6D6" box="[847,945,1180,1206]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EFC268B7F17B0098FEBF09FFAB7D6D6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AC1467F17B00C8CC5F00FFF56D59A:8EFC268B7F17B0098FEBF09FFAB7D6D6" box="[953,1298,1180,1206]" country="Costa Rica" municipality="Province" name="Parque Nacional Volcan Arenal" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" stateProvince="Alajuela">Parque Nacional Volcán Arenal</location>
(10.46048°; -84.75434°,
<elevation id="000E97637F17B0098D76F0BCFEC9D6BA" box="[292,364,1215,1242]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" unit="m" value="585.0">
<quantity id="4CDBDDB57F17B0098D76F0BCFEC9D6BA" box="[292,364,1215,1242]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" unit="m" value="585.0">585 m</quantity>
</elevation>
elevation above sea level); collected by
<collectorName id="26D615867F17B0098F6EF0C3FB99D6BA" box="[828,1084,1216,1242]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Joseph Vargas Alvarez</collectorName>
on
<collectingDate id="EFD9AF787F17B009883AF0C3FA9CD6BA" box="[1128,1337,1216,1242]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" value="2016-11-09">
<date id="FF9D56907F17B009883AF0C3FA9CD6BA" box="[1128,1337,1216,1242]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" value="2016-11-09">9 November 2016</date>
</collectingDate>
; original field number JV-0582.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C70507F17B0098C95F10BFAFFD726" blockId="3.[151,1437,1179,2035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">
<materialsCitation id="3B4B7A0D7F17B0098C95F10BFAF3D726" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2242680544" collectingDate="2018-02-10" collectorName="Gunther Kohler" country="Costa Rica" elevation="555" location="Parque Nacional Volcan Arenal" municipality="Province" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alajuela" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="5498CEF27F17B0098C95F10BFE91D742" box="[199,308,1288,1314]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F17B0098C95F10BFE91D742" bold="true" box="[199,308,1288,1314]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Paratype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
. UCR 22949, adult female, from
<collectingCountry id="F33430C07F17B0098E96F10BFCE0D742" box="[708,837,1288,1314]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF8EA2A7F17B0098F06F10BFC1DD742" box="[852,952,1288,1314]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Province</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingRegion id="49E7BEB27F17B0098F93F10BFB86D742" box="[961,1059,1288,1314]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EFC268B7F17B0098860F10BFA39D742" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AC1467F17B00C8CC5F00FFF56D59A:8EFC268B7F17B0098860F10BFA39D742" box="[1074,1436,1288,1314]" country="Costa Rica" municipality="Province" name="Parque Nacional Volcan Arenal" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" stateProvince="Alajuela">Parque Nacional Volcán Arenal</location>
(10.45696°, -84.75661,
<elevation id="000E97637F17B0098DF1F128FE4FD726" box="[419,490,1323,1350]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.55" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" unit="m" value="555.0">
<quantity id="4CDBDDB57F17B0098DF1F128FE4FD726" box="[419,490,1323,1350]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.55" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" unit="m" value="555.0">555 m</quantity>
</elevation>
elevation above sea level); collected by
<collectorName id="26D615867F17B0098FE3F12FFBC4D726" box="[945,1121,1324,1350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Gunther Köhler</collectorName>
on
<collectingDate id="EFD9AF787F17B00988D9F12FFAF3D726" box="[1163,1366,1324,1350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" value="2018-02-10">
<date id="FF9D56907F17B00988D9F12FFAF3D726" box="[1163,1366,1324,1350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" value="2018-02-10">10 February 2018</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33923DB7F17B00E8C95F14CFB69D340" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="265" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9C70507F17B00E8C95F14CFB69D340" blockId="3.[151,1437,1179,2035]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,152,1979]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="265" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F17B0098C95F14CFDB3D70A" bold="true" box="[199,534,1359,1386]" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Diagnosis and comparisons:</emphasis>
In external morphology and genetic similarity of the 16S DNA barcode,
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F17B0098919F152FF7AD7EE" authorityName="Köhler &amp; Vargas" authorityYear="2019" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arenal">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F17B0098919F152FF7AD7EE" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Norops arenal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to
<emphasis id="B957AC427F17B0098DE3F176FE84D7D2" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F17B0098DE3F176FDA8D7EE" baseAuthorityName="Dunn" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[433,525,1396,1422]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altae">N. altae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F17B0098E4BF176FD1CD7EE" baseAuthorityName="Arosemena &amp; Ibanez" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[537,697,1396,1422]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fortunensis">N. fortunensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F17B0098E97F176FCDFD7EE" baseAuthorityName="D'Orbigny in Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[709,890,1396,1422]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscoauratus">N. fuscoauratus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F17B0098FD7F176FC49D7EE" baseAuthorityName="Kohler, Ponce, Sunyer &amp; Batista" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[901,1004,1397,1422]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gruuo">N. gruuo</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F17B0098FA5F176FB24D7EE" baseAuthorityName="Dunn" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1015,1153,1396,1422]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kemptoni">N. kemptoni</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F17B00988DFF176FA97D7EE" baseAuthorityName="Kohler" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1165,1330,1396,1422]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monteverde">N. monteverde</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F17B009896CF176FEB9D7D2" baseAuthorityName="Kohler, Ponce, Sunyer &amp; Batista" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudokemptoni">N. pseudokemptoni</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F17B0098D05F19AFDA4D7D2" baseAuthorityName="Kohler" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[343,513,1433,1458]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenorioensis">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F17B0098D05F19AFDA4D7D2" box="[343,513,1433,1458]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">N. tenorioensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In morphology it shares with these species the following characteristics: (1) short hind limbs; (2) a single elongate prenasal scale; (3) tiny, smooth, often juxtaposed body scales; and (4) a slender habitus, often delicate.
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F17B0098DCBF1E2FD9CD79A" authorityName="Köhler &amp; Vargas" authorityYear="2019" box="[409,569,1504,1530]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arenal">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F17B0098DCBF1E2FD9CD79A" box="[409,569,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Norops arenal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from these species, among several scalation details, by having a blackish central area in the male dewlap in life and in preservative (vs. no suffusion of black pigment on male dewlap in the other species), and a small red female dewlap in life (vs. dirty white, cream colored, or orange); extremely short hind legs with the tip of fourth toe of the adpressed hind leg reaching only to level of shoulder (vs. usually at least to level of ear in the other species); a short tail with a tail length/SVL ratio of
<quantity id="4CDBDDB57F17B0098FA3F26CFB9BD4EA" box="[1009,1086,1647,1674]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8862" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" unit="in" value="1.53">1.53 in</quantity>
single specimen with complete tail (vs. this ratio&gt;
<quantity id="4CDBDDB57F17B0098D3AF297FE03D4CE" box="[360,422,1684,1710]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" unit="in" value="1.6">1.6 in</quantity>
the other species); and a tiny size with
<quantity id="4CDBDDB57F17B0098F05F290FC1FD4CE" box="[855,954,1683,1710]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="41.5">41.5 mm</quantity>
in single known adult male and
<quantity id="4CDBDDB57F17B009894CF290FA24D4CE" box="[1310,1409,1683,1710]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" unit="mm" value="38.5">38.5 mm</quantity>
in single known adult female (vs. SVL of adults usually&gt;42.0 mm). It further differs from
<emphasis id="B957AC427F17B0098830F2BAFE63D496" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F17B0098830F2BAFB19D4B2" baseAuthorityName="Dunn" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[1122,1212,1720,1746]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altae">N. altae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F17B0098894F2BAFADCD4B2" baseAuthorityName="D'Orbigny in Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1222,1401,1720,1746]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscoauratus">N. fuscoauratus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F17B00989D1F2BAFF78D496" baseAuthorityName="Kohler, Ponce, Sunyer &amp; Batista" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gruuo">N. gruuo</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F17B0098CBAF2DEFE67D496" baseAuthorityName="Kohler, Ponce, Sunyer &amp; Batista" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[232,450,1756,1782]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudokemptoni">N. pseudokemptoni</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F17B0098DAFF2DEFD02D496" baseAuthorityName="Kohler" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[509,679,1757,1782]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenorioensis">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F17B0098DAFF2DEFD02D496" box="[509,679,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">N. tenorioensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a unilobed hemipenis (vs. bilobed in these four species).
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F17B0098CC5F302FE9DD57A" authorityName="Köhler &amp; Vargas" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,312,1792,1818]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arenal">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F17B0098CC5F302FE9DD57A" box="[151,312,1792,1818]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Norops arenal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs further from
<emphasis id="B957AC427F17B0098E72F302FCFFD57A" box="[544,858,1792,1818]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F17B0098E72F302FD65D57A" baseAuthorityName="Arosemena &amp; Ibanez" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[544,704,1792,1818]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fortunensis">N. fortunensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F17B0098E9EF302FCF3D57A" baseAuthorityName="Dunn" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[716,854,1792,1818]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kemptoni">N. kemptoni</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F17B0098FC3F302FB91D57A" baseAuthorityName="Kohler" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[913,1076,1792,1818]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monteverde">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F17B0098FC3F302FB91D57A" box="[913,1076,1792,1818]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">N. monteverde</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following characteristics (condition for
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F17B0098D6CF326FE0CD55E" authorityName="Köhler &amp; Vargas" authorityYear="2019" box="[318,425,1828,1854]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arenal">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F17B0098D6CF326FEF4D55E" box="[318,337,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">N</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B957AC427F17B0098D33F327FE0CD55E" box="[353,425,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">arenal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in parentheses):
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F17B0098E3DF326FCE3D55E" baseAuthorityName="Arosemena &amp; Ibanez" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[623,838,1828,1854]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fortunensis">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F17B0098E3DF326FCE3D55E" box="[623,838,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Norops fortunensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 4–6 granular scales between enlarged supraoculars and posterior (smaller) superciliary (2–3 such scales); anterior superciliary more than twice the length of posterior one (anterior superciliary only slightly longer than posterior one); posterior portion of male dewlap greenish beige, anterior portion reddish orange (male dewlap red with a blackish central suffusion); dewlap in females white (red).
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F17B0098CC5F3B6FEFDD5AE" baseAuthorityName="Dunn" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[151,344,1972,1998]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="264" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kemptoni">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F17B0098CC5F3B6FEFDD5AE" box="[151,344,1972,1998]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="264">Norops kemptoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: ventral scales faintly to moderately keeled and usually slightly imbricate (ventrals smooth and non-imbricate); dewlap in females white (red); male dewlap bicolored: posterior portion rose pink, anterior portion orange (male dewlap red with a blackish central suffusion); ratio tail length / SVL 1.78–2.25 (vs.
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single known individual with complete tail).
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F10B00E8E1BF4BDFC81D2B7" baseAuthorityName="Kohler" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[585,804,189,215]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monteverde">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F10B00E8E1BF4BDFC81D2B7" box="[585,804,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">Norops monteverde</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: hemipenis without a crest-like structure on upper asulcate side of apex (vs. such crest-like structure present on upper asulcate side of apex); dewlap in females white (red); 138–160 scales around midbody (vs. 130–136); total number of loreal scales 37–68 (vs. 29–36).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33923DB7F10B00E8C95F52BFB01D5DB" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9C70507F10B00E8C95F52BFE2FD737" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F10B00E8C95F52BFD07D323" bold="true" box="[199,674,296,323]" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="5498CEF27F10B00E8DFEF52AFDB6D323" box="[428,531,297,323]" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13186CD57F10B00E8E76F52BFD30D323" box="[548,661,296,323]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStart-3="FIGURE 7" captionStart-4="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1488,1513]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,250,1935,1960]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,250,1940,1965]" captionStartId-3="11.[151,250,1446,1471]" captionStartId-4="12.[151,250,1072,1097]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,162,1468]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,162,1911]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,162,1911]" captionTargetBox-3="[182,1406,162,1406]" captionTargetBox-4="[196,1392,369,1046]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[151,1436,162,1468]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[151,1436,162,1911]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[151,1436,162,1911]" captionTargetId-3="figure@11.[182,1406,162,1406]" captionTargetId-4="figure@12.[196,1392,369,1046]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Holotype (SMF 103506: A–C) and paratype (UCR 22949: D–F) of Norops arenal in dorsal, lateral and ventral views. Scale bars equal 5.0 mm. Photographs by G.K." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Holotype (SMF 103506: A–D) and paratype (UCR 22949: E–H) of Norops arenal: right lateral head, left lateral head, dorsal head, and ventral head. Scale bars equal 1.0 mm. Photographs by G.K." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Holotype (SMF 103506: A–D) and paratype (UCR 22949: E–H) of Norops arenal: dorsal region, flank region, midventer, and lateral tail. Scale bars equal 1.0 mm. Photographs by G.K." captionText-3="FIGURE 7. Holotype (SMF 103506: A–C) and paratype (UCR 22949: D–F) of Norops arenal: lateral snout, ventral snout, and cloacal region. Scale bars equal 1.0 mm. Photographs by G.K." captionText-4="FIGURE 8. Hemipenes of Norops arenal (SMF 99150): sulcate view, asulcate view, and lateral view. Scale bar equals 1.0 mm. Photographs by G.K." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3055714/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3055718/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3055732/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3055744/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3404673/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">Figs. 4–8</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Adult male as indicated by presence of large dewlap and everted hemipenes; SVL
<quantity id="4CDBDDB57F10B00E8D05F54FFE1BD307" box="[343,446,332,359]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="41.5">41.5 mm</quantity>
; tail length 33.0 mm, tail incomplete; tail slightly compressed in cross section, tail height
<quantity id="4CDBDDB57F10B00E8CC5F572FF54D3EB" box="[151,241,369,395]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
, tail width
<quantity id="4CDBDDB57F10B00E8D21F572FE6BD3EB" box="[371,462,369,395]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
; axilla to groin distance
<quantity id="4CDBDDB57F10B00E8EBBF572FCF4D3EB" box="[745,849,369,395]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="18.1">18.1 mm</quantity>
; head length
<quantity id="4CDBDDB57F10B00E8FB8F572FBF7D3EB" box="[1002,1106,369,395]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="10.2">10.2 mm</quantity>
, head length/SVL ratio 0.25; snout length
<quantity id="4CDBDDB57F10B00E8D78F596FE26D3CF" box="[298,387,405,431]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
; head width 5.0 mm; longest toe of adpressed hind limb reaching to level of shoulder; shank length
<quantity id="4CDBDDB57F10B00E8CB7F5BAFE9BD3B3" box="[229,318,441,467]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="8.2">8.2 mm</quantity>
, shank length/head length ratio 0.80; scales on snout weakly keeled, mostly unicarinate; 6 postrostrals; 8 scales between nasals; scales in distinct prefrontal depression smooth to rugose; supraorbital semicircles differentiated, separated by a minimum of one scale; supraorbital disc composed of 4 to 5 moderately enlarged weakly keeled scales, unicarinate; circumorbital series complete, separating enlarged supraorbital scale from supraorbital semicircles; two elongated, overlapping superciliaries of about the same length; interparietal plate distinctly enlarged, 1.4 x
<quantity id="4CDBDDB57F10B00E8D10F66EFE32D0E7" box="[322,407,621,647]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
(length x width), surrounded by moderate-sized scales; 2/3 scales present between interparietal plate and supraorbital semicircles; canthal ridge distinct, composed of 3 large (posterior) and 5 small (anterior) canthal scales; 8 scales present between second (anterior) canthals; 9 scales present between first (posterior) canthals; 29/30 keeled loreal scales in a maximum of 5/4 horizontal rows; subocular scales weakly keeled, in a single row, in broad contact with supralabials (5 subocular scales in contact with 6 supralabial scales); 7/6 supralabials to level below center of eye; ear opening 0.4 x
<quantity id="4CDBDDB57F10B00E8EFAF722FD5AD15B" box="[680,767,801,827]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
(length x height); mental distinctly wider than long, almost completely divided medially, bordered posteriorly by 6 postmentals; 7/7 infralabials to level below center of eye; sublabials undifferentiated; slightly keeled granular scales present on chin and throat; dewlap large, extending well onto chest, anterior insertion at level of anterior border of orbit, posterior insertion at a point
<quantity id="4CDBDDB57F10B00E88C8F78EFB7FD1C7" box="[1178,1242,909,935]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
posterior to level of axilla (relative dewlap size 4.08; see Köhler 2014), with about five regular gorgetal-sternal rows of 14–23 scales per row; dorsum of body with smooth, juxtaposed scales, 2 medial rows of slightly enlarged scales, largest dorsal scales about 0.20 x
<quantity id="4CDBDDB57F10B00E8D24F7FAFE7FD673" box="[374,474,1017,1043]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="0.18">0.18 mm</quantity>
(length x width); about 58 medial dorsal scales in one head length; about 110 medial dorsal scales between axilla and groin; lateral scales granular, homogeneous, about
<quantity id="4CDBDDB57F10B00E8867F01FFB3DD657" box="[1077,1176,1052,1079]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
in diameter; ventrals at midbody smooth, juxtaposed to somewhat spaced, about 0.22 x
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(length x width); about 56 ventral scales in one head length; about 84 ventral scales between axilla and groin; about 136 scales around midbody; dorsal and lateral caudal scales smooth to weakly keeled, without whorls of enlarged scales, although an indistinct division in segments is discernible; subcaudal scales strongly keeled; middorsal caudal scale row distinctly enlarged; no enlarged postcloacal scales; no tube-like axillary pocket; scales on dorsal surface of forelimb smooth to weakly keeled; digital pads dilated, dilated pad about 3 times width of non-dilated scales on distal phalanx; distal phalanx narrower than and raised from dilated pad; 23/22 lamellae under phalanges II–IV of fourth toe; 7 scales under distal phalanx of fourth toe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C70507F10B00E8C95F162FEC0D7A3" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">
The completely everted hemipenis (
<figureCitation id="13186CD57F10B00E8E09F162FD3BD71B" box="[603,670,1377,1403]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1072,1097]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,369,1046]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[196,1392,369,1046]" captionText="FIGURE 8. Hemipenes of Norops arenal (SMF 99150): sulcate view, asulcate view, and lateral view. Scale bar equals 1.0 mm. Photographs by G.K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3404673/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) is a small unilobate organ; sulcus spermaticus bifurcates at base of apex into two diverging branches; a crest-like structure present on upper asulcate side of apex; no surface ornamentation discernable.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C70507F10B00E8C95F1CEFA39D787" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1979]" box="[199,1436,1485,1512]" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">Coloration of the dewlap in life was recorded as “Centrally Dark Carmine (61), Geranium (66) along margin”.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C70507F10B00E8C95F1F2FE99D483" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">Coloration after about 18 months in 70% ethanol was recorded as follows: Dorsal surfaces of head, body, and limbs Raw Umber (280) suffused with Raw Umber (23) on middorsum and dorsal head; an indistinct Amber (51) lyreform marking in occipital region; two Sepia (279) blotches in nuchal region and two Hair Brown (277) blotches in suprascapular region; dorsal surfaces of limbs True Cinnamon (260) with indistinct Brownish Olive (276) broken cross-bands; ventral surface of head Tawny Olive (17) with Pale Buff (1) flecks; dewlap Light Russet Vinaceous (246); venter Smoky White (261) with a suffusion of Light Neutral Gray (297); ventral surfaces of limbs and tail Light Buff (2).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C70507F10B00E8C95F2EFFB01D5DB" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F10B00E8C95F2EFFE9DD567" bold="true" box="[199,312,1772,1799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="265">Variation</emphasis>
. The
<typeStatus id="5498CEF27F10B00E8D2CF2EEFE7BD567" box="[382,478,1773,1799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
agrees well with the
<typeStatus id="5498CEF27F10B00E8E8EF2EEFC9BD567" box="[732,830,1773,1799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in general appearance, morphometrics and scalation (
<tableCitation id="C6A145EB7F10B00E8CCDF312FF50D54B" box="[159,245,1809,1835]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,838,862]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Selected measurements, proportions and scale characters of the holotype (SMF 103506) and paratype (UCR 22949) of Norops arenal. For abbreviations see text." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C20D87F1CB0028CC5F745FD62D1E2" pageId="4" pageNumber="265" tableUuid="DF5C20D87F1CB0028CC5F745FD62D1E2">Table 2</tableCitation>
). It has a single prenasal scale and three suboculars in broad contact with three supralabials. The longest toe of the adpressed hind leg reaches to shoulder. The coloration in life was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color of head, body, limbs, and anterior portion of tail Raw Umber (22) with Sepia (286) flecks; posterior portion of tail Chamois (84); labial region Light Buff (2); iris Ferruginous (35); dewlap Flame Scarlet (73) with Cream White (52) gorgetals; ventral surfaces of body and limbs Cream White (52) with Sepia (279) suffusions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5C20D87F11B00F8CC5F384FEBDD580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3055704/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="266" startId="5.[151,250,1927,1952]" targetBox="[397,1187,167,1894]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8B9C70507F11B00F8CC5F384FEBDD580" blockId="5.[151,1436,1927,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="266">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F11B00F8CC5F384FEB7D5C0" bold="true" box="[151,274,1927,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="266">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Phylogenetic tree of specimens of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F11B00F8E85F38AFC84D5C0" box="[727,801,1929,1952]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="266" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F11B00F8E85F38AFC84D5C0" box="[727,801,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="266">Norops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from a maximum-likelihood analysis of DNA sequences of the 16S rRNA gene. A scale bar is indicated. The numbers at nodes are bootstrap values. The tree is rooted with the species
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F11B00F8909F3ABFEB7D580" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="266" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carolinensis">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F11B00F8909F3ABFEB7D580" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="266">Anolis carolinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5C20D87F12B00C8CC5F1B5FEA2D78F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3055706/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" startId="6.[151,250,1462,1487]" targetBox="[151,1435,172,1394]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B9C70507F12B00C8CC5F1B5FEA2D78F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1462,1519]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F12B00C8CC5F1B5FEB0D7AF" bold="true" box="[151,277,1462,1487]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Species tree inferred with *BEAST showing density of trees proportional to frequency of occurrence drawn in DensiTree.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33923DB7F12B00C8C95F233FB32D4D6" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9C70507F12B00C8C95F233FE73D40E" blockId="6.[151,1437,1584,2042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F12B00C8C95F233FEEDD42A" bold="true" box="[199,328,1584,1610]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Etymology</emphasis>
. The name
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F12B00C8D9CF233FDB3D42A" authorityName="Köhler &amp; Vargas" authorityYear="2019" box="[462,534,1584,1610]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arenal">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F12B00C8D9CF233FDB3D42A" box="[462,534,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">arenal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is used in reference to the
<typeStatus id="5498CEF27F12B00C8F1AF233FCDDD42A" box="[840,888,1584,1610]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">type</typeStatus>
locality and National Park where the
<typeStatus id="5498CEF27F12B00C8977F233FAF0D42A" box="[1317,1365,1584,1610]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">type</typeStatus>
series of the species was collected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9C70507F12B00C8C95F274FB32D4D6" blockId="6.[151,1437,1584,2042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F12B00C8C95F274FE4DD4F2" bold="true" box="[199,488,1655,1682]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F12B00C8DA4F27AFD32D4F2" authorityName="Köhler &amp; Vargas" authorityYear="2019" box="[502,663,1656,1682]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arenal">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F12B00C8DA4F27AFD32D4F2" box="[502,663,1656,1682]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Norops arenal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is presently only known from two nearby localities at Parque Nacional Volcán Arenal, Province
<collectingRegion id="49E7BEB27F12B00C8D84F29FFD9DD4D6" box="[470,568,1692,1718]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33430C07F12B00C8E11F29FFD1AD4D6" box="[579,703,1692,1718]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, at elevations between 555 and
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asl.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33923DB7F12B00C8C95F2C3FF56D59A" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9C70507F12B00C8C95F2C3FF56D59A" blockId="6.[151,1437,1584,2042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F12B00C8C95F2C3FE63D4BA" bold="true" box="[199,454,1727,1754]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Natural history notes</emphasis>
. The
<typeStatus id="5498CEF27F12B00C8E5AF2C3FD9DD4BA" box="[520,568,1728,1754]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">type</typeStatus>
specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F12B00C8E89F2C2FCD9D4BA" authorityName="Köhler &amp; Vargas" authorityYear="2019" box="[731,892,1728,1754]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arenal">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F12B00C8E89F2C2FCD9D4BA" box="[731,892,1728,1754]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Norops arenal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected at night in the vegetation at
<quantity id="4CDBDDB57F12B00C8938F2C3FA32D4BA" box="[1386,1431,1728,1754]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
, respectively
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above ground level. The individuals were clinging to small leafless twigs in the periphery of the canopy of large trees along a paved road (
<figureCitation id="13186CD57F12B00C8E3EF30BFD15D542" box="[620,688,1800,1826]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,2020,2045]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1147,2004]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1437,1147,2004]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Habitat of Norops arenal at the type locality. Photograph by G.K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3055756/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Along with the two specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F12B00C886DF30AFB0DD542" authorityName="Köhler &amp; Vargas" authorityYear="2019" box="[1087,1192,1800,1826]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arenal">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F12B00C886DF30AFB0DD542" box="[1087,1192,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">N. arenal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we encountered several individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F12B00C8D34F32EFE5ED526" authorityName="Guyer &amp; Savage" authorityYear="1986" box="[358,507,1837,1862]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carpenteri">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F12B00C8D34F32EFE5ED526" box="[358,507,1837,1862]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">N. carpenteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that were also sleeping on twigs in the canopy of large trees. In the lower vegetation at this site we found
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F12B00C8DD7F352FD56D50A" authority="(Wiegmann 1834)" authorityName="Wiegmann" authorityYear="1834" baseAuthorityName="Wiegmann" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[389,755,1872,1898]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biporcatus">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F12B00C8DD7F352FDBBD50A" box="[389,542,1872,1898]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">N. biporcatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB20DA17F12B00C8E7FF353FD4FD50A" author="Wiegmann, A. F. A." box="[557,746,1872,1898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" refId="ref8196" refString="Wiegmann, A. F. A. (1834) Herpetologica Mexicana. Pars Prima, Saurorum Species. Sumptibus C. G. Luderitz, Berlin, 54 pp." type="book" year="1834">Wiegmann 1834</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F12B00C8F50F352FBACD50B" authority="(Peters 1863)" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1863" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[770,1033,1872,1899]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capito">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F12B00C8F50F352FCCFD50A" box="[770,874,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">N. capito</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB20DA17F12B00C8F2BF353FBA4D50B" author="Peters, W." box="[889,1025,1872,1899]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" pagination="135 - 149" refId="ref7664" refString="Peters, W. (1863) Uber einige Arten der Saurier-Gattung Anolis. Monatsberichte der Koniglichen Preussischen Akademien der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1863, 135 - 149." type="journal article" year="1863">Peters 1863</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C230BD37F12B00C881BF352FACDD50B" authority="(Cope 1862)" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1862" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1097,1384,1872,1899]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="limifrons">
<emphasis id="B957AC427F12B00C881BF352FB6AD50A" box="[1097,1231,1872,1898]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">N. limifrons</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB20DA17F12B00C888CF353FAFAD50B" author="Cope, E. D." box="[1246,1375,1872,1899]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" pagination="176 - 188" refId="ref6272" refString="Cope, E. D. (1862) Contributions to Neotropical saurology. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 14, 176 - 188." type="journal article" year="1862">Cope 1862</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. According to our datalogger readings (
<date id="FF9D56907F12B00C8E75F377FCA8D5EE" box="[551,781,1908,1934]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" value="2018-02-08" valueMax="2018-02-11" valueMin="2018-02-08">8–11 February 2018</date>
), the minimum night temperature was 18.9–19.9°C at both
<quantity id="4CDBDDB57F12B00C8CC5F39BFF66D5D2" box="[151,195,1944,1970]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
and
<quantity id="4CDBDDB57F12B00C8CA9F394FE82D5D2" box="[251,295,1943,1970]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
above ground, whereas the daytime maximum was 25.2–25.3°C
<quantity id="4CDBDDB57F12B00C885BF39BFB90D5D2" box="[1033,1077,1944,1970]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
above ground and 27.6–28.4°C
<quantity id="4CDBDDB57F12B00C8CC5F3B8FF61D5B6" box="[151,196,1979,2006]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="267" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
above ground. The vegetation at the
<typeStatus id="5498CEF27F12B00C8E3DF3BFFD3AD5B6" box="[623,671,1980,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="267">type</typeStatus>
locality is a broad-leaf forest, mostly secondary but with some old patches.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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