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<document id="CC6ABDE671C9F37708DBF5E9AAB39FEA" ID-CLB-Dataset="53332" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5288.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1bb291cc-9442-4973-8dd8-9cc79a0a432b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7958875" ID-ZooBank="7ABCE6CB-D92C-4B11-87F2-263B7163EEF2" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1684793450573" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Caldara, Roberto &amp; Košťál, Michael" docDate="2023" docId="890F87E5FFF2FFCAC4ACBA81FE50FB6F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5288.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5288 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5288.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Cionus notatus Rosenschoeld 1838" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="7536FF9DFFDBFFE1C43BB90BFFBBFFAA" masterDocTitle="A Taxonomic Revision Of The Afrotropical Species Of The Weevil Genus Cionus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)" masterLastPageNumber="98" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1699506590563" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="20A3A51F032F2509D769430AD2694C98">A Taxonomic Revision Of The Afrotropical Species Of The Weevil Genus Cionus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="68DC966315A87A2467555BF7098F37F0">Košťál, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="49BC6578FFF2FFC8C4ACBA81FD7DFC0E" box="[151,710,906,933]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="011936F3FFF2FFC8C4ACBA81FD7DFC0E" blockId="41.[151,710,906,933]" box="[151,710,906,933]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF2FFC8C4ACBA81FD7DFC0E" bold="true" box="[151,710,906,933]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
21.
<taxonomicName id="C6A64D70FFF2FFC8C4F8BA80FD90FC0F" ID-CoL="VFJP" authority="Rosenschoeld" authorityName="Rosenschoeld" authorityYear="1838" box="[195,555,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notatus">
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF2FFC8C4F8BA80FEC0FC0F" bold="true" box="[195,379,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Cionus notatus</emphasis>
Rosenschoeld
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="999D2A76FFF2FFC8C600BA81FD04FC0E" box="[571,703,906,932]" captionStart="FIGURES 2122" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[182,1407,185,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-31@42.[175,1413,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 2122. FIGURE 21. Cionus notatus. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. FIGURE 22. Cionus pustulatus. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958901/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Figs 21af</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49BC6578FFF2FFC8C4ACBAC1FD14FBAB" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="011936F3FFF2FFC8C4ACBAC1FD86FC48" blockId="41.[151,687,970,1025]" box="[151,573,970,994]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="21B611DDFFF2FFC8C4ACBAC1FD86FC48" box="[151,573,970,994]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<treatmentCitation id="800710E2FFF2FFC8C4ACBAC1FD82FC48" author="Rosenschoeld, E. M." box="[151,569,970,994]" page="735" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1838">
<taxonomicName id="C6A64D70FFF2FFC8C4ACBAC1FD82FC48" ID-CoL="VFJP" authority="Rosenschoeld, 1838: 735" authorityName="Rosenschoeld" authorityPageNumber="735" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,569,970,994]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notatus">
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF2FFC8C4ACBAC1FE8BFC48" box="[151,304,970,994]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Cionus notatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="65374B02FFF2FFC8C50DBAC1FD82FC48" author="Rosenschoeld, E. M." box="[310,569,970,994]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1122 - 1124" refId="ref86453" refString="Rosenschoeld, E. M. (1838) [new taxa]. In: Schoenherr, C. J. (Ed.), Genera et species Curculionidum, cum synonymia hujus familiae. Species novae aut hactenus minus cognitae, descriptionibus a Dom. Leonardo Gyllenhal, C. H. Boheman, et entomologis aliis illustratae. Tomus quartus. Pars secunda. Roret, Parisiis, pp. 601 - 1121. [1122 - 1124 (Corrigenda)]" type="book chapter" year="1838">Rosenschoeld, 1838: 735</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="011936F3FFF2FFC8C4ACBAE2FD14FBAB" blockId="41.[151,687,970,1025]" box="[151,687,1000,1025]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="21B611DDFFF2FFC8C4ACBAE2FD14FBAB" box="[151,687,1000,1025]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<treatmentCitation id="800710E2FFF2FFC8C4ACBAE2FDE9FBAA" author="Fahraeus, O. I." box="[151,594,1000,1025]" page="250" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1871">
<taxonomicName id="C6A64D70FFF2FFC8C4ACBAE2FDE9FBAA" ID-CoL="VFJM" authority="Fahraeus, 1871: 250" authorityName="Fahraeus" authorityPageNumber="250" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,594,1000,1025]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigropunctatus">
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF2FFC8C4ACBAE2FEC6FBAA" box="[151,381,1001,1024]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Cionus nigropunctatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="65374B02FFF2FFC8C5BFBAE3FDE9FBAA" author="Fahraeus, O. I." box="[388,594,1000,1025]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="197 - 291" refId="ref85431" refString="Fahraeus, O. I. (1871) Coleoptera Caffrarise, annis 1838 - 1845 a J. A. Wahlberg collecta. Curculionides descripsit. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps - Akaderuiens Forhaudlingar Stockholm, 28, 197 - 291." type="journal article" year="1871">Fåhraeus, 1871: 250</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF2FFC8C65ABAE2FD1CFBAB" bold="true" box="[609,679,1001,1025]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">syn. n.</emphasis>
)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49BC6578FFF2FFC8C4ACBD21FD33FB79" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="011936F3FFF2FFC8C4ACBD21FDDBFBE9" blockId="41.[151,1437,1065,2028]" box="[151,608,1065,1091]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF2FFC8C4ACBD21FE96FBE9" box="[151,301,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<typeStatus id="DE1D8851FFF2FFC8C4ACBD21FF70FBE9" box="[151,203,1066,1091]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
“Caffraria” (
<collectingCountry id="79B17663FFF2FFC8C584BD22FDEFFBE9" box="[447,596,1065,1091]" name="South Africa" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">South Africa</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="011936F3FFF2FFC8C4FCBD45FD33FB79" blockId="41.[151,1437,1065,2028]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF2FFC8C4FCBD45FEF7FBCD" box="[199,332,1102,1127]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Type series.</emphasis>
This species was described based on an unspecified number of specimens collected in “Caffraria” (
<collectingCountry id="79B17663FFF2FFC8C4A4BD7AFE89FB21" box="[159,306,1137,1163]" name="South Africa" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">South Africa</collectingCountry>
) without more precise data. In
<collectionCode id="67B7AE36FFF2FFC8C6AFBD7AFD64FB21" box="[660,735,1137,1163]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">NHRS</collectionCode>
we examined
<specimenCount id="17A0FD7AFFF2FFC8C7B8BD79FBA5FB21" box="[899,1054,1137,1164]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
labelled “♁ / Typus / Caffraria in Scaparia, Eckl. &amp; Zeyr.”, which we designated as the
<typeStatus id="DE1D8851FFF2FFC8C6CEBD9EFCE7FB05" box="[757,860,1173,1199]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
by adding the label “
<typeStatus id="DE1D8851FFF2FFC8C070BD9EFB55FB05" box="[1099,1262,1173,1199]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="C6A64D70FFF2FFC8C0CEBD9EFE88FB79" authority="Rosenschoeld" authorityName="Rosenschoeld" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notatus">Cionus notatus Rosenschoeld</taxonomicName>
des. Caldara &amp; Košťál 2014”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49BC6578FFF2FFC8C4FCBDD5FD69F9B2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="011936F3FFF2FFC8C4FCBDD5FD69F9B2" blockId="41.[151,1437,1065,2028]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF2FFC8C4FCBDD5FDF9FB5D" box="[199,578,1246,1272]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
Synonyms.
<taxonomicName id="C6A64D70FFF2FFC8C57FBDD5FDF9FB5D" ID-CoL="VFJM" authorityName="Fahraeus" authorityYear="1871" box="[324,578,1246,1272]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigropunctatus">Cionus nigropunctatus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
was also described based on specimens collected in “Caffraria”. In NHRS we examined
<specimenCount id="17A0FD7AFFF2FFC8C532BC0AFE24FAB6" box="[265,415,1281,1308]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="generic" typeStatus="syntypes">four syntypes</specimenCount>
labelled “Caffra-ria / I. Vahlb. / Typus /
<taxonomicName id="C6A64D70FFF2FFC8C76ABC0AFC1BFAB1" ID-CoL="8HDSY" authorityName="Caldara &amp; Košťál" authorityYear="2023" box="[849,928,1281,1307]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cionus</taxonomicName>
nigropuncta-tus Boh. /
<taxonomicName id="C6A64D70FFF2FFC8C099BC0AFF4BFA95" ID-CoL="VFJM" authority="Bohem." authorityName="Bohem." authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigropunctatus" status="sp. nov.">Cionus nigropunctatus Bohem.</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="28E1579AFFF2FFC8C4CDBC2DFE90FAEA" box="[246,299,1318,1344]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
1619” (♁), and “Caffraria / I. Vahlb. /
<typeStatus id="DE1D8851FFF2FFC8C6C5BC2EFCD4FA95" box="[766,879,1317,1343]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="paratype">Paratypus</typeStatus>
” (2 ♁♁,
<specimenCount id="17A0FD7AFFF2FFC8C7ECBC2EFBBBFA95" box="[983,1024,1317,1343]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
). First specimen (here designated as the
<typeStatus id="DE1D8851FFF2FFC8C4F9BC42FE92FAC9" box="[194,297,1353,1379]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
by adding the label “
<typeStatus id="DE1D8851FFF2FFC8C624BC42FD6FFAC9" box="[543,724,1353,1379]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPUS</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="C6A64D70FFF2FFC8C6E7BC42FBC7FAC9" ID-CoL="VFJM" authority="Fahr. Caldara" authorityName="Fahr. Caldara" box="[732,1148,1353,1380]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigropunctatus">Cionus nigropunctatus Fåhr. Caldara</taxonomicName>
des. 2006”), and another male specimen (which we labelled as the
<typeStatus id="DE1D8851FFF2FFC8C6B9BC66FCA0FA2D" box="[642,795,1389,1415]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
) perfectly correspond to the original description where Fåhraeus wrote “Torax ….dense albido tomentosus, dorso maculis 68 atris notato…”. These specimens do not show differences from the
<typeStatus id="DE1D8851FFF2FFC8C5F6BCBEFD8FFA65" box="[461,564,1461,1487]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="C6A64D70FFF2FFC8C666BCBDFD68FA65" ID-CoL="VFJP" authorityName="Rosenschoeld" authorityYear="1838" box="[605,723,1462,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notatus">
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF2FFC8C666BCBDFD68FA65" box="[605,723,1462,1488]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">C. notatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. On the contrary, the other
<specimenCount id="17A0FD7AFFF2FFC8C02EBCBDFB05FA65" box="[1045,1214,1461,1488]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="17A0FD7AFFF2FFC8C0F4BCBEFA83FA65" box="[1231,1336,1461,1487]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="17A0FD7AFFF2FFC8C14FBCBDFF5EFA59" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
) do not correspond to the original description having only two small black spots on the pronotum. They are conspecific with here newly described
<taxonomicName id="C6A64D70FFF2FFC8C670BCF5FD70F9BD" authorityName="Caldara &amp; Košťál" authorityYear="2023" box="[587,715,1533,1560]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF2FFC8C670BCF5FD70F9BD" box="[587,715,1533,1560]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">C. oculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49BC6578FFF2FFC8C4FCBF29FB4BF929" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="011936F3FFF2FFC8C4FCBF29FB4BF929" blockId="41.[151,1437,1065,2028]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF2FFC8C4FCBF29FEFBF991" box="[199,320,1570,1595]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Rostrum stout, short. Head between eyes distinctly narrow. Pronotum distinctly transverse, with two distinct lateral protuberances. Elytra short, strongly convex, densely covered with grayish white scales, with many large blackish maculae on odd interstriae, and striae hidden by scales. Claws asymmetrical in male.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49BC6578FFF2FFCAC4FCBF86FA97FD5B" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="description">
<paragraph id="011936F3FFF2FFCAC4FCBF86FAACFD2F" blockId="41.[151,1437,1065,2028]" lastBlockId="43.[151,1437,150,1221]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF2FFC8C4FCBF86FED1F90D" box="[199,362,1677,1703]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Redescription.</emphasis>
Male (
<figureCitation id="999D2A76FFF2FFC8C587BF86FD84F90D" box="[444,575,1677,1703]" captionStart="FIGURES 2122" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[182,1407,185,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-31@42.[175,1413,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 2122. FIGURE 21. Cionus notatus. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. FIGURE 22. Cionus pustulatus. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958901/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Figs 21ab</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF2FFC8C66FBF86FD20F90D" bold="true" box="[596,667,1677,1703]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Body:</emphasis>
stout, globose.
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF2FFC8C76BBF86FC22F90D" bold="true" box="[848,921,1677,1703]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Head:</emphasis>
rostrum stout, short (Rl/Rw 3.003.10, Rl/Pl 0.971.04), black; in lateral view weakly curved; in dorsal view parallel-sided; to near apex with moderately dense, recumbent, moderately elongated, elliptical (l/w 58), grayish white scales. Head between eyes narrow, 0.3× as wide as rostrum at base. Eyes flat. Antennae blackish brown, inserted at apical 1/3; scape long (l/w 10); funicle shorter than scape, S1 as robust and as long as S2, 2.3× as long as wide,
<geoCoordinate id="64925034FFF2FFC8C7BDBE16FC6BF892" box="[902,976,1821,1848]" degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="2.5" orientation="latitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" precision="92" value="-2.0416667">S2 2.5</geoCoordinate>
× as long as wide, S35 transverse; club oblongly oval, as long as funicle, uniformly pubescent.
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF2FFC8C728BE4AFC2EF8F1" bold="true" box="[787,917,1857,1883]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Pronotum:</emphasis>
black, with small, shallow regular punctures, intervals among punctures shining, smooth, with two distinct lateral protuberances, almost completely hidden by recumbent, dense, imbricated, moderately elongated (l/w 47), grayish white scales, with four transversely arranged black spots in median third (two covering protuberances formed by erect scales) and two less distinct spots at middle more apically; conical, strongly transverse (Pw/Pl 1.821.88), widest at base, with rectilinear sides, weakly convex, almost flat on disc.
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF0FFCAC554B99CFDBCFF1B" bold="true" box="[367,519,151,177]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Prosternum:</emphasis>
anterior margin distinctly emarginated.
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF0FFCAC7F8B99DFB39FF1A" bold="true" box="[963,1154,150,176]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Scutellar shield:</emphasis>
large, with dense whitish scales.
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF0FFCAC4D2B9B0FE85FF7F" bold="true" box="[233,318,187,213]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Elytra:</emphasis>
black, short (El/Ew 1.071.12), globose, widest at middle, distinctly wider than pronotum (Ew/Pw 1.741.77), humeri rounded, weakly prominent, sides moderately rounded, strongly convex on disc; interstriae flat, wide, with small, shallow regular punctures, intervals between punctures shining,smooth, interstriae with dense, recumbent grayish white scales, odd interstriae with many subquadrate to subrectangular maculae of blackish scales; striae invisible, with moderately deep punctures, half as wide as interstriae, intervals between punctures narrow, situated slightly lower than interstriae, with scales similar to those on interstriae.
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF0FFCAC089B864FAB7FE23" bold="true" box="[1202,1292,367,393]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Venter:</emphasis>
mesosternal process almost flat, slightly emarginated. Metasternum covered with moderately dense, elongated, in middle partly hair-like grayish scales. Abdomen with moderately dense, irregular, moderately shallow punctures slightly visible between dense, elongated, grayish scales, slightly more elongated and partly hair-like in middle, without tuft on V2; V1 1.9× as long as V2; V1+2 5.0× as long as V3+4, latter ones as long as V5.
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF0FFCAC7CCB8F4FB83FDB3" bold="true" box="[1015,1080,511,537]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Legs:</emphasis>
completely black, covered with moderately dense elongated, grayish scales; femora with robust sharp teeth; tibiae without unci; tarsi with onychium twice longer than T3; claws asymmetrical, one claw 1/2 as wide as other.
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF0FFCAC7D4BB4DFB83FDCA" bold="true" box="[1007,1080,582,608]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Penis:</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="999D2A76FFF0FFCAC079BB4CFB04FDCB" box="[1090,1215,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 2122" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[182,1407,185,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-31@42.[175,1413,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 2122. FIGURE 21. Cionus notatus. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. FIGURE 22. Cionus pustulatus. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958901/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs 21df</figureCitation>
, its body gradually narrowed from base to apex, tip shortly blunted. Flagellum robust, moderately long, bifurcated at base.
</paragraph>
<caption id="55D9667BFFF1FFCBC4ACBE7FFC39F853" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958901" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7958901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958901/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" startId="42.[151,264,1908,1932]" targetBox="[182,1407,185,1881]" targetPageId="42" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="011936F3FFF1FFCBC4ACBE7FFC39F853" blockId="42.[151,1436,1908,2041]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF1FFCBC4ACBE7FFE5CF826" bold="true" box="[151,487,1908,1932]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">FIGURES 2122. FIGURE 21.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C6A64D70FFF1FFCBC5D4BE7EFD32F826" authorityName="Rosenschoeld" authorityYear="1838" box="[495,649,1909,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notatus">
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF1FFCBC5D4BE7EFD32F826" box="[495,649,1909,1932]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Cionus notatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view.
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF1FFCBC0F9BE93FAF6F81A" bold="true" box="[1218,1357,1944,1968]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C6A64D70FFF1FFCBC16FBE92FF44F87F" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pustulatus">
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF1FFCBC16FBE92FF44F87F" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Cionus pustulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. Not to scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="011936F3FFF0FFCAC4FCBB84FE92FD67" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,1221]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Female. Rostrum moderately longer (Rl/Rw 3.103.15, Rl/Pl 1.031.07) (
<figureCitation id="999D2A76FFF0FFCAC055BB84FB60FD03" box="[1134,1243,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 2122" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[182,1407,185,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-31@42.[175,1413,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 2122. FIGURE 21. Cionus notatus. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. FIGURE 22. Cionus pustulatus. a: body in dorsal view (male), b: body in lateral view (male), c: rostrum in lateral view (female), d: penis in ventral view, e: penis in lateral view, f: apex of penis in dorsal view. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958901/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 21c</figureCitation>
), claws almost symmetrical.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="011936F3FFF0FFCAC4FCBBDCFA97FD5B" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,1221]" box="[199,1324,727,753]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Variability. Length
<quantity id="C65E9B16FFF0FFCAC59BBBDCFD91FD5B" box="[416,554,727,753]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5999999999999996" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="3.5999999999999996" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="3.3">3.33.9 mm</quantity>
. Dark spots on elytra moderately variable in number, size and shape.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49BC6578FFF0FFCAC4FCBBF0FB9BFCF7" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="011936F3FFF0FFCAC4FCBBF0FB9BFCF7" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,1221]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF0FFCAC4FCBBF0FE8AFCBF" box="[199,305,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Remarks.</emphasis>
Due to the shape and the vestiture of elytra and the shape of the rostrum this species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="C6A64D70FFF0FFCAC4ACBA14FEA8FC92" authorityName="Hustache" authorityYear="1939" box="[151,275,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicarius">
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF0FFCAC4ACBA14FEA8FC92" box="[151,275,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">C. vicarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C6A64D70FFF0FFCAC570BA14FE17FC92" authorityName="Caldara &amp; Košťál" authorityYear="2023" box="[331,428,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cionus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF0FFCAC570BA14FE17FC92" box="[331,428,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">C. tristis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from which it clearly differs by the presence of two protuberances and four transversely arranged spots of dark scales on the pronotum and narrower space between eyes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49BC6578FFF0FFCAC4FCBA6CFA36FC2B" box="[199,1421,871,897]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="011936F3FFF0FFCAC4FCBA6CFA36FC2B" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,1221]" box="[199,1421,871,897]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF0FFCAC4FCBA6CFE3EFC2A" box="[199,389,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Biological notes.</emphasis>
This species was collected on
<taxonomicName id="C6A64D70FFF0FFCAC6E5BA6CFBF7FC2B" box="[734,1100,871,897]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Microdon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF0FFCAC6E5BA6CFCF0FC2B" box="[734,843,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Microdon</emphasis>
sp. (Scrophulariaceae)
</taxonomicName>
by J. Haran at Stellenbosch.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49BC6578FFF0FFCAC4FCBA80FBB2FC0F" box="[199,1033,907,933]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="011936F3FFF0FFCAC4FCBA80FBB2FC0F" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,1221]" box="[199,1033,907,933]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF0FFCAC4FCBA80FEE3FC0F" box="[199,344,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="79B17663FFF0FFCAC565BA80FE56FC0F" box="[350,493,907,933]" name="South Africa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="C362F811FFF0FFCAC5C0BA80FD14FC0F" box="[507,687,907,933]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="C362F811FFF0FFCAC681BA80FCEAFC0F" box="[698,849,907,933]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Eastern Cape</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="C362F811FFF0FFCAC767BA80FC47FC0F" box="[860,1020,907,933]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49BC6578FFF0FFCAC4FCBAA4FE50FB6F" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="011936F3FFF0FFCAC4FCBAA4FE50FB6F" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,1221]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF0FFCAC4FCBAA4FDAEFC63" box="[199,533,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Non-type material examined.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF0FFCAC625BAA5FD44FC62" bold="true" box="[542,767,942,968]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<collectingCountry id="79B17663FFF0FFCAC625BAA5FD41FC62" box="[542,762,942,968]" name="South Africa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF0FFCAC731BAA4FC79FC63" box="[778,962,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<collectingRegion id="C362F811FFF0FFCAC731BAA4FC07FC63" box="[778,956,943,969]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Cedara,
<date id="75181033FFF0FFCAC017BAA4FBC4FC63" box="[1068,1151,943,969]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1949-05">V.1949</date>
, leg. Munro (1,
<collectionCode id="67B7AE36FFF0FFCAC17BBAA4FA2BFC63" box="[1344,1424,943,969]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34248" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34248" name="Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Museum">SANC</collectionCode>
); Durban (Bluff),
<date id="75181033FFF0FFCAC56BBAD8FE01FC47" box="[336,442,979,1005]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1934-10-06">6.X.1934</date>
, leg. Munro (1,
<collectionCode id="67B7AE36FFF0FFCAC648BAD8FD77FC47" box="[627,716,979,1005]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">BMNH</collectionCode>
); Malvern, leg. Barker (2,
<collectionCode id="67B7AE36FFF0FFCAC7C1BAD8FBE8FC47" box="[1018,1107,979,1005]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">BMNH</collectionCode>
); Margate,
<geoCoordinate id="64925034FFF0FFCAC0E8BAD9FA94FC47" box="[1235,1327,978,1005]" degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="925" value="-30.85">30°51S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="64925034FFF0FFCAC103BAD8FA2CFC47" box="[1336,1431,979,1005]" degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="925" value="30.366667">30°22E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="75181033FFF0FFCAC4ACBAFCFEADFBBB" box="[151,278,1015,1041]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1977-04-23">23.IV.1977</date>
, leg. Cilliers (1,
<collectionCode id="67B7AE36FFF0FFCAC5F8BAFCFDA8FBBB" box="[451,531,1015,1041]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34248" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34248" name="Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Museum">SANC</collectionCode>
); Untentweni,
<date id="75181033FFF0FFCAC68BBAFCFCB0FBBB" box="[688,779,1015,1041]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1961-03">III.1961</date>
(1,
<collectionCode id="67B7AE36FFF0FFCAC70ABAFCFC3DFBBB" box="[817,902,1015,1041]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">RCCM</collectionCode>
; 3,
<collectionCode id="67B7AE36FFF0FFCAC79DBAFCFC4DFBBB" box="[934,1014,1015,1041]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34248" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34248" name="Agricultural Research Council-Plant Protection Research Institute" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="Museum">SANC</collectionCode>
);Weza,
<geoCoordinate id="64925034FFF0FFCAC076BAFCFB12FBBB" box="[1101,1193,1015,1041]" degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="925" value="-30.616667">30°37S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="64925034FFF0FFCAC096BAFCFAB6FBBB" box="[1197,1293,1015,1041]" degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="925" value="29.7">29°42E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="75181033FFF0FFCAC12DBAFDFA2CFBBB" box="[1302,1431,1014,1041]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1989-11-25">25.XI.1989</date>
, leg. Endrödy &amp; Klimaszew (1,
<collectionCode id="67B7AE36FFF0FFCAC5C9BD10FDFEFB9F" box="[498,581,1051,1077]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">TMSA</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF0FFCAC66CBD10FD42FB9F" box="[599,761,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<collectingRegion id="C362F811FFF0FFCAC66CBD10FD48FB9F" box="[599,755,1051,1077]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Eastern Cape</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
north fork of Mkambathi river,
<geoCoordinate id="64925034FFF0FFCAC067BD11FB02FB9F" box="[1116,1209,1050,1077]" degrees="31" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="925" value="-31.416666">31°25S</geoCoordinate>
29°95E,
<date id="75181033FFF0FFCAC111BD10FA2CFB9F" box="[1322,1431,1051,1077]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2008-01-30">30.I.2008</date>
, leg. Hamer (2,
<collectionCode id="67B7AE36FFF0FFCAC57EBD34FE23FBF3" box="[325,408,1087,1113]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">TMSA</collectionCode>
); above Mosquito Bay,
<geoCoordinate id="64925034FFF0FFCAC692BD34FCBDFBF3" box="[681,774,1087,1113]" degrees="31" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="925" value="-31.433332">31°26S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="64925034FFF0FFCAC735BD34FCD5FBF3" box="[782,878,1087,1113]" degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="925" value="30.05">30°03E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="75181033FFF0FFCAC747BD35FC51FBF3" box="[892,1002,1086,1113]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2008-01-25">25.I.2008</date>
, leg. Hamer (2,
<collectionCode id="67B7AE36FFF0FFCAC09DBD34FB42FBF3" box="[1190,1273,1087,1113]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">TMSA</collectionCode>
); Mtentu river area,
<geoCoordinate id="64925034FFF0FFCAC4EDBD68FE88FBD7" box="[214,307,1123,1149]" degrees="31" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" precision="925" value="-31.383333">31°23S</geoCoordinate>
29°97E,
<date id="75181033FFF0FFCAC591BD68FDACFBD7" box="[426,535,1123,1149]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2008-01-30">30.I.2008</date>
, leg. Hamer (2,
<collectionCode id="67B7AE36FFF0FFCAC6EDBD68FC92FBD7" box="[726,809,1123,1149]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">MKCS</collectionCode>
; 1,
<collectionCode id="67B7AE36FFF0FFCAC76EBD68FC11FBD7" box="[853,938,1123,1149]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">RCCM</collectionCode>
; 6,
<collectionCode id="67B7AE36FFF0FFCAC7EEBD68FB93FBD7" box="[981,1064,1123,1149]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">TMSA</collectionCode>
); Port St. John, Pondoland,
<date id="75181033FFF0FFCAC150BD68FEACFB0B" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1924-03-18" valueMax="1924-03-31" valueMin="1924-03-18">18. 31.III.1924</date>
, leg. Turner (1,
<collectionCode id="67B7AE36FFF0FFCAC5F4BD8CFD93FB0B" box="[463,552,1159,1185]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">BMNH</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF0FFCAC600BD8CFD59FB0B" box="[571,738,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<collectingRegion id="C362F811FFF0FFCAC600BD8CFD60FB0B" box="[571,731,1159,1185]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Stellenbosch, 33°94S 18°87E,
<date id="75181033FFF0FFCAC062BD8CFB60FB0B" box="[1113,1243,1159,1185]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2018-09-29">29.IX.2018</date>
, on
<taxonomicName id="C6A64D70FFF0FFCAC130BD8CFF59FB6F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Microdon" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dubius">
<emphasis id="33D2EAE1FFF0FFCAC130BD8CFF59FB6F" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Microdon cf. dubius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, leg. Haran (2,
<collectionCode id="67B7AE36FFF0FFCAC5AABDA0FE64FB6F" box="[401,479,1195,1221]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">CBGP</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>