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<document id="F9FAFDACB079C893B50795670146D731" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3995.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="afa7c45c-d55e-4dd0-9595-9b5d4af9d55a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="242712" ID-ZooBank="1CB79CF3-04AA-48B8-91E7-4C40152A1FE3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461277028489" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mackie, Andrew S. Y., Oliver, P. Graham &amp; Nygren, Arne" docDate="2015" docId="03F987E90C6BFFB7FF139C50FD60FF73" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03995p036.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3995 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Antonbruunia sociabilis Mackie, Oliver &amp; Nygren, 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" masterDocId="FFC0FF910C68FFBEFF849A28F83CFFA7" masterDocTitle="Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov. (Annelida: Antonbruunidae) associated with the chemosynthetic deep-sea bivalve Thyasira scotiae Oliver &amp; Drewery, 2014, and a re-examination of the systematic affinities of Antonbruunidae" updateTime="1698613099763" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="29E9FAC08A7A8CD080A8855B7538767E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="154E2F346E8B21DE8B133C95BB578F4E">
<mods:title id="7D534D1038AF7BE1EFFC0BD8ECB233DB">Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov. (Annelida: Antonbruunidae) associated with the chemosynthetic deep-sea bivalve Thyasira scotiae Oliver &amp; Drewery, 2014, and a re-examination of the systematic affinities of Antonbruunidae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="F4382E38ECA22EA08161F1FFF885A4B6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="508226486070940B19AAA480454F3636">
<mods:roleTerm id="18985127931E042B620578F8C715C342">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="AE43027A9DF14465A11D3402A6EA0076">Mackie, Andrew S. Y.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C4C81C5AC3EE6037DD5F47D6411492FD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="976CBDEE20A971FAFD741B70D06F26BB">
<mods:roleTerm id="699E6CC8DC937E3D9899895296E2DF83">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1536962F9A3968C4D7FEE307B3FC6983">Oliver, P. Graham</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="CE5807AA053E3653215E6D07241F9D27" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D008C87F08F842AC426A74A393CC230F">
<mods:roleTerm id="57818FFB39FDCE907BC8D814CBE4C4E1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2FB9EEAA6B064D8D19B016D67D052013">Nygren, Arne</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="11CF22E13AFA27F13F7AC6E819513FF9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="4A3C7B3EA6FB393A2AA099A13D463CA6" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="65EE1BF850D42FC278F6F129E1705C7C">
<mods:title id="25CEF62C3722168FED3865D1301D5E74">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="9A3EC27F1207BE8AC42080CA636B8371">
<mods:date id="1390DAC36454707AEB9E60068142A539">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="878FE06F966B4D8154F9ED3A241B29D6" type="volume">
<mods:number id="2794381D1D58081229D7D051C0AFEA7F">3995</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="25C3846CC5C52B81E38F4BBE01E2355A" type="issue">
<mods:number id="136374E0B7E5FCAF2330BF86E588E99A">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="D5726FA7AE6C1A81B020A5EE3DDF4DE4">journal volume</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="E7F1D76F282E690532567B241CD5A8F1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3995.1.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8B76F09911057E93146C27537776D4D8" type="GBIF-Dataset">afa7c45c-d55e-4dd0-9595-9b5d4af9d55a</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="840DB37E7C09BE40792B30EC0118FD82" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="43742BA48E4F87675743332DD72A7B21" type="Zenodo-Dep">242712</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B43C5DFFA6A3662F9D4AD31417AE41B5" type="ZooBank">1CB79CF3-04AA-48B8-91E7-4C40152A1FE3</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03F987E90C6BFFB7FF139C50FD60FF73" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5689371" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119639813" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5689371" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F987E90C6BFFB7FF139C50FD60FF73" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F987E90C6BFFB7FF139C50FD60FF73" lastPageId="9" pageId="3">
<subSubSection id="C34A65740C6BFFBDFF139C50F8C5F913" pageId="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C6BFFBDFF139C50FA1CF934" blockId="3.[151,544,1656,1717]" box="[151,544,1656,1683]" pageId="3">
<heading id="D0A781930C6BFFBDFF139C50FA1CF934" bold="true" box="[151,544,1656,1683]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6BFFBDFF139C50FA1CF934" bold="true" box="[151,544,1656,1683]" pageId="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C6BFFBDFF139C50F987F935" ID-CoL="F3QF" box="[151,443,1656,1682]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sociabilis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6BFFBDFF139C50F987F935" bold="true" box="[151,443,1656,1682]" italics="true" pageId="3">Antonbruunia sociabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21757960C6BFFBDFE469C51FA1CF934" box="[450,544,1657,1683]" pageId="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C6BFFBDFF139CB4F8C5F913" blockId="3.[151,544,1656,1717]" box="[151,249,1692,1717]" pageId="3">
<figureCitation id="136B2A7A0C6BFFBDFF139CB4F8C5F913" box="[151,249,1692,1717]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1456,1478]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1639,1661]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionStartId-3="8.[151,250,1035,1057]" captionTargetBox-0="[236,1365,463,1353]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,445,1616]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,193,1861]" captionTargetBox-3="[182,1397,226,989]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1435]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1436,445,1617]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetId-3="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1014]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov. (A, B &amp; D, Holotype NMW-Z. 2012.074.6; C &amp; E, Paratype NMW-Z. 2012.074.9; F, Largest paratype NMW-Z. 2012.074.8). A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, Anterior region, lateral view; C, parapod, chaetiger 16, anterior view; D, Posterior region; E, neuropodial chaeta, distal region, chaetiger 17; F, oocytes." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov. (A, B &amp; D, NMW-Z. 2012.074.10; C, NMW-Z. 2012.074.12). A, Anterior region, ventral view; B, Anterior region, antero-lateral view (no = nuchal organ); C, Anterior region, ventral view, showing protruded proboscis; D, Pygidium, ventral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov. (NMW-Z. 2012.074.10). A, Chaetiger 1, antero-ventral view; B, Chaetiger 9, antero-ventral view; C, Chaetigers 20 and 21, antero-ventral view; D, Chaetigers 32 and 33, postero-ventral view; E, Parapodium, ventral cirrus and chaetae, chaetiger 9, anterior view; F, Chaetae, chaetiger 9, from upper posterior part of subacicular bundle." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Morphometric relationships for Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov., and type material of A. viridis and A. gerdesi." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/242713/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/242714/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/242715/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/242716/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Figs 1–4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34A65740C6BFFBAFF139CCCFAF8FF73" lastPageId="4" pageId="3" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C6BFFBDFF139CCCFBF6F887" blockId="3.[151,1436,1764,2005]" pageId="3">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6BFFBDFF139CCCF9BFF95A" bold="true" box="[151,387,1764,1789]" pageId="3">Material examined.</emphasis>
NE Atlantic:
<collectingCountry id="F347766F0C6BFFBDFDA39CCCFAB0F95A" box="[551,652,1764,1789]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3">Scotland</collectingCountry>
, Hatton-Rockall Basin, FRV
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C6BFFBDFC5B9CCDFC19F95B" box="[991,1061,1765,1788]" genus="Scotia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">
<collectingCountry id="F347766F0C6BFFBDFC5B9CCDFC19F95B" box="[991,1061,1765,1788]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6BFFBDFC5B9CCDFC19F95B" box="[991,1061,1765,1788]" italics="true" pageId="3">Scotia</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
, cruise 0712S, Station
<accessionNumber id="9403AB1C0C6BFFBDFAB79CCCFDB6F95B" box="[1331,1418,1764,1788]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/S12283" pageId="3" type="EnaNcbi">S12283</accessionNumber>
a,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6450380C6BFFBDFF139D2FF8C4F887" box="[151,248,1799,1824]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" precision="925" value="57.95">57°57’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE6450380C6BFFBDFF7A9D2FF959F887" box="[254,357,1799,1824]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" precision="925" value="-15.55">15°33’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CA89B1A0C6BFFBDFEF59D20FA34F8B8" box="[369,520,1800,1824]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1934999999999998" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.187" pageId="3" unit="m" value="1193.5" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="1187.0">1187-1200 m</quantity>
, Jackson 460 Otter trawl,
<date id="FFEE103F0C6BFFBDFCA99D20FBFAF887" box="[813,966,1800,1824]" pageId="3" value="2012-06-23">23 June 2012</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C6BFFBDFF439D04F9ABF82B" blockId="3.[151,1436,1764,2005]" pageId="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C6BFFBDFF439D04F95FF8E2" box="[199,355,1836,1861]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6BFFBDFF439D04F95FF8E2" box="[199,355,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="3">Antonbruunia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
removed from among arborescent lateral body pouches of three
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C6BFFBDFBBA9D04FCC4F8E3" box="[1086,1272,1836,1861]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Thyasira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinoida" pageId="3" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scotiae">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6BFFBDFBBA9D04FCC4F8E3" box="[1086,1272,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="3">Thyasira scotiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54EB885D0C6BFFBDFA849D05FD07F8E2" box="[1280,1339,1837,1861]" pageId="3">types</typeStatus>
(NMW- Z.2012.074.4-5); eight, nine, and two specimens, last including
<typeStatus id="54EB885D0C6BFFBDFCEB9D67FBEDF8CF" box="[879,977,1871,1896]" pageId="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(NMW-Z.2012.074.6) and one
<typeStatus id="54EB885D0C6BFFBDFAB89D78FDA0F8CF" box="[1340,1436,1872,1896]" pageId="3" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(NMW-Z.2012.074.7).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C6BFFBAFF439DB0FAF8FF73" blockId="3.[151,1436,1764,2005]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="4" pageId="3">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6BFFBDFF439DB0F9ADF816" bold="true" box="[199,401,1944,1969]" pageId="3">
Remaining
<typeStatus id="54EB885D0C6BFFBDFED79DB0F9ADF816" box="[339,401,1944,1969]" pageId="3">types</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. Four
<typeStatus id="54EB885D0C6BFFBDFE659DB1FA70F816" box="[481,588,1945,1969]" pageId="3" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(NMW-Z.2012.074.8), one
<typeStatus id="54EB885D0C6BFFBDFC149DB1FBCCF816" box="[912,1008,1945,1969]" pageId="3" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(NMW-Z.2012.074.9 dissected), one
<typeStatus id="54EB885D0C6BFFBDFF139D95F8CBF872" box="[151,247,1981,2005]" pageId="3" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(NMW-Z.2012.074.10 SEM), six
<typeStatus id="54EB885D0C6BFFBDFD319D95FB1DF872" box="[693,801,1981,2005]" pageId="3" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(NMW-Z.2012.074.11) and one
<typeStatus id="54EB885D0C6BFFBDFB499D95FD11F872" box="[1229,1325,1981,2005]" pageId="3" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(NMW- Z.2012.074.12 SEM). Four specimens were selected for sequencing; one voucher (NMW-Z.2012.074.13) yielded the sequences registered with GenBank (
<tableCitation id="C6D203440C6CFFBAFDDB9A94FA8FFF73" box="[607,691,188,213]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,285,431]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Taxa, GenBank accession numbers and references for 18 S rDNA and 16 S rDNA sequences." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2F66770C6AFFBCFF139AB0FCDAFF08" pageId="4" tableUuid="DF2F66770C6AFFBCFF139AB0FCDAFF08">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34A65740C6CFFB8FF439AF7FD26FBDB" lastPageId="6" pageId="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C6CFFBAFF439AF7FD1FFEBA" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="4">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6CFFBAFF439AF7F965FF5F" bold="true" box="[199,345,223,248]" pageId="4">Description.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54EB885D0C6CFFBAFEDB9AF7F9FBFF5F" box="[351,455,223,248]" pageId="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
entire, maximum width
<quantity id="4CA89B1A0C6CFFBAFD599AC8FB7DFF50" box="[733,833,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="4" unit="mm" value="1.08">1.08 mm</quantity>
(including parapodia),
<quantity id="4CA89B1A0C6CFFBAFBCD9AF7FC91FF50" box="[1097,1197,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="4" unit="mm" value="18.5">18.5 mm</quantity>
long for prostomium and 48 segments.
<typeStatus id="54EB885D0C6CFFBAFEDB9B2DF9F0FEBA" box="[351,460,261,285]" pageId="4" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
ranging from
<quantity id="4CA89B1A0C6CFFBAFDE99B2CFB2CFEBB" box="[621,784,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" metricValueMax="12.8" metricValueMin="5.6" pageId="4" unit="mm" value="0.92" valueMax="1.28" valueMin="0.56">0.56–1.28 mm</quantity>
wide,
<quantity id="4CA89B1A0C6CFFBAFCDF9B2CFBCCFEBB" box="[859,1008,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.39" metricValueMax="2.26" metricValueMin="0.52" pageId="4" unit="mm" value="13.9" valueMax="22.6" valueMin="5.2">5.2–22.6 mm</quantity>
long, and 32–52 segments.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2F66770C6CFFBAFF139F98FCD0F9A4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242713/files/figure.png" pageId="4" targetBox="[236,1365,463,1353]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C6CFFBAFF139F98FCD0F9A4" blockId="4.[151,1436,1456,1539]" pageId="4">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6CFFBAFF139F98F92EFA62" bold="true" box="[151,274,1456,1478]" pageId="4">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C6CFFBAFE9C9F98FA37FA61" box="[280,523,1456,1478]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sociabilis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6CFFBAFE9C9F98FA37FA61" box="[280,523,1456,1478]" italics="true" pageId="4">Antonbruunia sociabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21757960C6CFFBAFD959F98FA5CFA62" box="[529,608,1456,1477]" pageId="4" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6CFFBAFD959F98FA5CFA62" bold="true" box="[529,608,1456,1477]" pageId="4">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A, B &amp; D, Holotype NMW-Z.2012.074.6; C &amp; E, Paratype NMW-Z.2012.074.9; F, Largest paratype NMW-Z.2012.074.8). A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, Anterior region, lateral view; C, parapod, chaetiger 16, anterior view; D, Posterior region; E, neuropodial chaeta, distal region, chaetiger 17; F, oocytes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C6CFFBAFF439C7CFC20F97F" blockId="4.[151,1436,1620,2005]" pageId="4">
Body long and slender, dorsally arched and ventrally flat, lacking ventral groove. Head and anterior 5 segments narrow; segments thereafter rapidly increasing in size (
<figureCitation id="136B2A7A0C6CFFBAFCF39C50FB8AF937" box="[887,950,1656,1681]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[236,1365,463,1353]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1435]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov. (A, B &amp; D, Holotype NMW-Z. 2012.074.6; C &amp; E, Paratype NMW-Z. 2012.074.9; F, Largest paratype NMW-Z. 2012.074.8). A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, Anterior region, lateral view; C, parapod, chaetiger 16, anterior view; D, Posterior region; E, neuropodial chaeta, distal region, chaetiger 17; F, oocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242713/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A–B), reaching maximum in anterior third of body, rapidly decreasing in posterior region. Cuticle smooth and shiny on best preserved specimens. Pygidium lobulate, ventro-laterally with single pair of tapered pygidial cirri (
<figureCitation id="136B2A7A0C6CFFBAFC049CE8FBFFF97F" box="[896,963,1728,1753]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[236,1365,463,1353]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1435]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov. (A, B &amp; D, Holotype NMW-Z. 2012.074.6; C &amp; E, Paratype NMW-Z. 2012.074.9; F, Largest paratype NMW-Z. 2012.074.8). A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, Anterior region, lateral view; C, parapod, chaetiger 16, anterior view; D, Posterior region; E, neuropodial chaeta, distal region, chaetiger 17; F, oocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242713/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Figs 1</figureCitation>
D, 2D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C6CFFBAFF439CCCFC7CF82A" blockId="4.[151,1436,1620,2005]" pageId="4">
Prostomium subtrapezoidal, with rounded anterior margin, lacking eyes (
<figureCitation id="136B2A7A0C6CFFBAFC739CCCFC0AF95A" box="[1015,1078,1764,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[236,1365,463,1353]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1435]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov. (A, B &amp; D, Holotype NMW-Z. 2012.074.6; C &amp; E, Paratype NMW-Z. 2012.074.9; F, Largest paratype NMW-Z. 2012.074.8). A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, Anterior region, lateral view; C, parapod, chaetiger 16, anterior view; D, Posterior region; E, neuropodial chaeta, distal region, chaetiger 17; F, oocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242713/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A). Pair of antero-ventral palps, somewhat conical, basally expanded and distally tapered. Pair of antero-dorsolateral antennae, of similar shape to palps, but broader and longer (
<figureCitation id="136B2A7A0C6CFFBAFE6A9D04FA0CF8E2" box="[494,560,1836,1861]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1639,1661]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1616]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,445,1617]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov. (A, B &amp; D, NMW-Z. 2012.074.10; C, NMW-Z. 2012.074.12). A, Anterior region, ventral view; B, Anterior region, antero-lateral view (no = nuchal organ); C, Anterior region, ventral view, showing protruded proboscis; D, Pygidium, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242714/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A–B). Median antenna of similar size and shape to palps, arising mid-dorsally near posterior margin of prostomium (
<figureCitation id="136B2A7A0C6CFFBAFDDE9D78FAA1F8CF" box="[602,669,1872,1897]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[236,1365,463,1353]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1435]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov. (A, B &amp; D, Holotype NMW-Z. 2012.074.6; C &amp; E, Paratype NMW-Z. 2012.074.9; F, Largest paratype NMW-Z. 2012.074.8). A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, Anterior region, lateral view; C, parapod, chaetiger 16, anterior view; D, Posterior region; E, neuropodial chaeta, distal region, chaetiger 17; F, oocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242713/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A,B). Nuchal organs elliptical ciliated grooves, positioned dorsolaterally between posterior prostomium and anterior margin of segment 1 (
<figureCitation id="136B2A7A0C6CFFBAFC5E9D5CFC23F82A" box="[986,1055,1908,1933]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1639,1661]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1616]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,445,1617]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov. (A, B &amp; D, NMW-Z. 2012.074.10; C, NMW-Z. 2012.074.12). A, Anterior region, ventral view; B, Anterior region, antero-lateral view (no = nuchal organ); C, Anterior region, ventral view, showing protruded proboscis; D, Pygidium, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242714/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C6CFFBBFF439DB0FD32FE2F" blockId="4.[151,1436,1620,2005]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="5" pageId="4">
Peristomium ventrally fused with prostomium and segment 1; delineation between prostomium and segment 1 only distinct dorsally and laterally. Mouth ventral, transverse, slit-like (
<figureCitation id="136B2A7A0C6CFFBAFC369D94FBC9F872" box="[946,1013,1980,2005]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1639,1661]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1616]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,445,1617]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov. (A, B &amp; D, NMW-Z. 2012.074.10; C, NMW-Z. 2012.074.12). A, Anterior region, ventral view; B, Anterior region, antero-lateral view (no = nuchal organ); C, Anterior region, ventral view, showing protruded proboscis; D, Pygidium, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242714/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A–B). Two pairs of tapered tentacular cirri on segment 1, superior cirri 1.5 to 2 times as long as inferiors; parapodia and chaetae lacking. Pharynx muscular, axial, short and narrow, occupying anterior three segments; proboscis short and bulbous when extruded (
<figureCitation id="136B2A7A0C6DFFBBFF1B9AF7F8DEFF5F" box="[159,226,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1639,1661]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,445,1616]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,445,1617]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov. (A, B &amp; D, NMW-Z. 2012.074.10; C, NMW-Z. 2012.074.12). A, Anterior region, ventral view; B, Anterior region, antero-lateral view (no = nuchal organ); C, Anterior region, ventral view, showing protruded proboscis; D, Pygidium, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242714/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C), jaws lacking. Gut tubular, with markedly wider lumen from anterior to middle of chaetiger 3. Gut caecae from chaetiger 3 as pair of small lateral pouches; caecae increase in size over following 2–3 chaetigers, extending into parapodia. By chaetiger 6 or 7, distally tapered caecae reach into posterior parts of parapodia, just below dorsal cirri; caecae decrease in size in posterior half to third of body. Gut caecae revealed through methyl green staining; caecae appearing as opaque white unstained masses either side, extending laterally into the parapodia.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2F66770C6DFFBBFF139C4FFA2BF91D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242714/files/figure.png" pageId="5" targetBox="[151,1436,445,1616]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C6DFFBBFF139C4FFA2BF91D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1639,1722]" pageId="5">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6DFFBBFF139C4FF92EF9DB" bold="true" box="[151,274,1639,1661]" pageId="5">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C6DFFBBFE9D9C4FFA31F9DA" box="[281,525,1639,1661]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sociabilis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6DFFBBFE9D9C4FFA31F9DA" box="[281,525,1639,1661]" italics="true" pageId="5">Antonbruunia sociabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21757960C6DFFBBFD979C4FFA58F9DB" box="[531,612,1639,1660]" pageId="5" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6DFFBBFD979C4FFA58F9DB" bold="true" box="[531,612,1639,1660]" pageId="5">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A, B &amp; D, NMW-Z.2012.074.10; C, NMW-Z.2012.074.12). A, Anterior region, ventral view; B, Anterior region, antero-lateral view (no = nuchal organ); C, Anterior region, ventral view, showing protruded proboscis; D, Pygidium, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C6DFFB8FF439D23F9F4FD9B" blockId="5.[151,1437,1803,2008]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,1977]" lastPageId="6" pageId="5">
Parapodia simple, short cuff-like, lacking any marked pre- or post-chaetal structures. Dorsal cirri above or slightly dorso-posterior to parapodia; cirri somewhat conical with broad bases and tapering cirriform tips of variable extension (
<figureCitation id="136B2A7A0C6DFFBBFEFF9D7BF9FEF8CC" box="[379,450,1875,1900]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[236,1365,463,1353]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1435]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov. (A, B &amp; D, Holotype NMW-Z. 2012.074.6; C &amp; E, Paratype NMW-Z. 2012.074.9; F, Largest paratype NMW-Z. 2012.074.8). A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, Anterior region, lateral view; C, parapod, chaetiger 16, anterior view; D, Posterior region; E, neuropodial chaeta, distal region, chaetiger 17; F, oocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242713/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Figs 1</figureCitation>
A–C &amp; 3A–B). Ventral cirri positioned below or slightly posterior to neurochaetae. Ventral cirri of anterior and posterior parapodia short, conical with bluntly pointed tips (
<figureCitation id="136B2A7A0C6DFFBBFB209D5FFCD6F828" box="[1188,1258,1911,1936]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov. (NMW-Z. 2012.074.10). A, Chaetiger 1, antero-ventral view; B, Chaetiger 9, antero-ventral view; C, Chaetigers 20 and 21, antero-ventral view; D, Chaetigers 32 and 33, postero-ventral view; E, Parapodium, ventral cirrus and chaetae, chaetiger 9, anterior view; F, Chaetae, chaetiger 9, from upper posterior part of subacicular bundle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242715/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A,D). Those of median body larger, more rounded, or rounded with tiny sharply pointed tips (
<figureCitation id="136B2A7A0C6DFFBBFB9A9DB3FC58F814" box="[1054,1124,1947,1972]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[236,1365,463,1353]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1435]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov. (A, B &amp; D, Holotype NMW-Z. 2012.074.6; C &amp; E, Paratype NMW-Z. 2012.074.9; F, Largest paratype NMW-Z. 2012.074.8). A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, Anterior region, lateral view; C, parapod, chaetiger 16, anterior view; D, Posterior region; E, neuropodial chaeta, distal region, chaetiger 17; F, oocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242713/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Figs 1</figureCitation>
C, 3C). Anterior parapodia supported by two parallel, robust and distally pointed neuroaciculae; increasing to three aciculae by about chaetiger 6 or 7. Single notoaciculae with sharply tapering tips arise separate from neuroaciculae (
<figureCitation id="136B2A7A0C6EFFB8FBF59ABFFC8CFF17" box="[1137,1200,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[236,1365,463,1353]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1435]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov. (A, B &amp; D, Holotype NMW-Z. 2012.074.6; C &amp; E, Paratype NMW-Z. 2012.074.9; F, Largest paratype NMW-Z. 2012.074.8). A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, Anterior region, lateral view; C, parapod, chaetiger 16, anterior view; D, Posterior region; E, neuropodial chaeta, distal region, chaetiger 17; F, oocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242713/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C). Each notoacicula directed forward into anterior part of parapod, tip ending anterior to and level with uppermost neurochaetae, well in advance of dorsal cirrus (
<figureCitation id="136B2A7A0C6EFFB8FE349AF7F9D3FF5F" box="[432,495,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[236,1365,463,1353]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1435]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov. (A, B &amp; D, Holotype NMW-Z. 2012.074.6; C &amp; E, Paratype NMW-Z. 2012.074.9; F, Largest paratype NMW-Z. 2012.074.8). A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, Anterior region, lateral view; C, parapod, chaetiger 16, anterior view; D, Posterior region; E, neuropodial chaeta, distal region, chaetiger 17; F, oocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242713/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
B,C); in slide preparations notoacicula may seem closer to dorsal cirrus than reality. Neurochaetae numerous in anterior and mid body region, disposed in two bundles; superior bundle compact, inferior bundle broader with chaetae extending more dorsally around acicular lobe on posterior side (
<figureCitation id="136B2A7A0C6EFFB8FA819B0FFD75FEE7" box="[1285,1353,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[236,1365,463,1353]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1435]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov. (A, B &amp; D, Holotype NMW-Z. 2012.074.6; C &amp; E, Paratype NMW-Z. 2012.074.9; F, Largest paratype NMW-Z. 2012.074.8). A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, Anterior region, lateral view; C, parapod, chaetiger 16, anterior view; D, Posterior region; E, neuropodial chaeta, distal region, chaetiger 17; F, oocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242713/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Figs 1</figureCitation>
B, 3E). Number of chaetae similar in each bundle, usually slightly more in inferior bundle; two bundles together totalling about 30–35 chaetae in anterior parapodia, but increasing to
<quantity id="4CA89B1A0C6EFFB8FCD69B47FB8BFE2F" box="[850,951,367,392]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2065" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="1.143" pageId="6" unit="in" value="47.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="45.0">45–50 in</quantity>
parapodia of largest segments. Separation between superior and inferior bundles disappears in posterior parapodia, and number of chaetae decreases to less than five or six on posteriormost segments. Posteriormost 4–6 segments of smallest specimens have rudimentary parapodia and no chaetae. Neurochaetae slender, shafts smooth, each with strongly bent distal tooth and longer slender and delicate secondary spine, space between tooth and spine angular (
<figureCitation id="136B2A7A0C6EFFB8FBB49BD7FC44FDBF" box="[1072,1144,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[236,1365,463,1353]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1435]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov. (A, B &amp; D, Holotype NMW-Z. 2012.074.6; C &amp; E, Paratype NMW-Z. 2012.074.9; F, Largest paratype NMW-Z. 2012.074.8). A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, Anterior region, lateral view; C, parapod, chaetiger 16, anterior view; D, Posterior region; E, neuropodial chaeta, distal region, chaetiger 17; F, oocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242713/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Figs 1</figureCitation>
E, 3F); primary teeth all pointing dorsally (
<figureCitation id="136B2A7A0C6EFFB8FEE1980CF99BFD9B" box="[357,423,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1863]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov. (NMW-Z. 2012.074.10). A, Chaetiger 1, antero-ventral view; B, Chaetiger 9, antero-ventral view; C, Chaetigers 20 and 21, antero-ventral view; D, Chaetigers 32 and 33, postero-ventral view; E, Parapodium, ventral cirrus and chaetae, chaetiger 9, anterior view; F, Chaetae, chaetiger 9, from upper posterior part of subacicular bundle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242715/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C6EFFB8FF43986FFBEFFD0F" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="6">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6EFFB8FF43986FF957FDC7" bold="true" box="[199,363,583,608]" pageId="6">Reproduction</emphasis>
. Largest specimens, longer than about
<quantity id="4CA89B1A0C6EFFB8FCAE986FFB47FDF8" box="[810,891,583,608]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
clearly female with small (ca. 25 µm diameter) oocytes in parapodia and loose in coelom (
<figureCitation id="136B2A7A0C6EFFB8FD0B9844FAEEFD23" box="[655,722,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[236,1365,463,1353]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1435]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov. (A, B &amp; D, Holotype NMW-Z. 2012.074.6; C &amp; E, Paratype NMW-Z. 2012.074.9; F, Largest paratype NMW-Z. 2012.074.8). A, anterior region, dorsal view; B, Anterior region, lateral view; C, parapod, chaetiger 16, anterior view; D, Posterior region; E, neuropodial chaeta, distal region, chaetiger 17; F, oocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242713/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
F). Several specimens between approximately 11 and
<quantity id="4CA89B1A0C6EFFB8FACE9844FDA1FD23" box="[1354,1437,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
appear to be immature females. Sex of smaller specimens not determined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C6EFFB8FF43989CFBDAFD6A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[199,998,692,717]" pageId="6">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6EFFB8FF43989CF926FD6A" bold="true" box="[199,282,692,717]" pageId="6">Colour</emphasis>
. Preserved specimens white. Colour of live animals not known.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C6EFFB8FF4398FFFC39FC27" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="6">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6EFFB8FF4398FFF9D9FD57" bold="true" box="[199,485,727,752]" pageId="6">Methyl Green staining.</emphasis>
Glandular staining variable, most pronounced on the larger specimens. Band of speckles occurring behind the mouth and behind the ventral tentacular cirri. Ventrally, anterior 9 or 10 chaetigers with two widely separated, and interrupted, parallel lines of stain. These lines linked in posterior part of each chaetiger by broad transverse band, producing repetitive H-pattern of stain on anterior venter. The transverse band disappears on following chaetigers, and only two broken parallel lines remain.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C6EFFB8FF4399A4FC1EFBB7" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="6">Other staining associated with the parapodia. Ventral staining patch present at base, as vertical line on body just anterior to each parapod, and as vertical patch on its anterior face. Similar, but more sparse speckled areas on posterior face of parapod. Sparse speckles of stain evident on basal part of dorsal cirri and on body dorsal to parapodia; mid-dorsal region unstained. Pygidial lobes surrounding anus stained.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C6EFFB8FF439E34FD26FBDB" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="6">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6EFFB8FF439E34F9B5FB92" bold="true" box="[199,393,1052,1077]" pageId="6">Morphometrics.</emphasis>
The morphological attributes measured (width, length, number of segments) for
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C6EFFB8FA969E34FDA0FB92" box="[1298,1436,1052,1077]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sociabilis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6EFFB8FA969E34FDA0FB92" box="[1298,1436,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="6">A. sociabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21757960C6EFFB8FF139E17F8CEFBFF" box="[151,242,1087,1112]" pageId="6" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6EFFB8FF139E17F8CEFBFF" bold="true" box="[151,242,1087,1112]" pageId="6">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
were strongly correlated: width and length (
<figureCitation id="136B2A7A0C6EFFB8FD759E17FB0AFBFF" box="[753,822,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1035,1057]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,226,989]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1014]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Morphometric relationships for Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov., and type material of A. viridis and A. gerdesi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242716/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A), r = 0.957, p&lt;0.0001, n = 14; segments and length (
<figureCitation id="136B2A7A0C6EFFB8FF1B9E4CF8D8FBDB" box="[159,228,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1035,1057]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,226,989]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1014]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Morphometric relationships for Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov., and type material of A. viridis and A. gerdesi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242716/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B), r = 0.894, p&lt;0.0001, n = 17; segments and width (not figured), r = 0.806, p = 0.0002, n = 14.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34A65740C6EFFB8FF439EAFFDA5FB63" pageId="6" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C6EFFB8FF439EAFFDA5FB63" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="6">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6EFFB8FF439EAFF972FB07" bold="true" box="[199,334,1159,1184]" pageId="6">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C6EFFB8FDA49EAFFAB7FB07" box="[544,651,1159,1184]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sociabilis">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6EFFB8FDA49EAFFAB7FB07" box="[544,651,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6">sociabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.), disposed to companionship, relates to the tendency for numerous individuals of the new species to live together. Further, it does honour to Roger Bamber, the most sociable of men.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34A65740C6EFFB8FF439EE7F8C0F81E" pageId="6" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C6EFFB8FF439EE7F8DAF9AF" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="6">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6EFFB8FF439EE7F907FB4F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1231,1256]" pageId="6">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C6EFFB8FEC09EF9FA66FB4F" author="Hartman" box="[324,602,1231,1256]" pageId="6" refString="Hartman, O. &amp; Boss, K. J. (1965) Antonbruunia viridis, a new inquiline annelid with dwarf males, inhabiting a new species of pelecypod, Lucina fosteri, in the Mozambique Channel. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 13, 8 (87), 177 - 186. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936508651557" type="journal article" year="1965">Hartman &amp; Boss (1965)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C6EFFB8FD129EE7FBF2FB4F" author="Quiroga" box="[662,974,1231,1256]" pageId="6" refString="Quiroga, E. &amp; Sellanes, J. (2009) Two new polychaete species living in the mantle cavity of Calyptogena gallardoi (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae) at a methane seep site off central Chile (~ 36 ° S). Scientia Marina, 73 (2), 399 - 407. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2009.73 n 2399" type="journal article" year="2009">Quiroga &amp; Sellanes (2009)</bibRefCitation>
referred to all
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C6EFFB8FBFB9EE7FD27FB4F" box="[1151,1307,1231,1256]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6EFFB8FBFB9EE7FD27FB4F" box="[1151,1307,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6">Antonbruunia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
prostomial appendages as antennae. The two antero-ventral prostomial appendages are here considered to be palps, while the two larger antero-dorsolateral organs are the lateral antennae. This is consistent with their positions on the prostomium in literature associated with
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C6EFFB8FDE79F14FB25FAF2" box="[611,793,1340,1365]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Antonbruunidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C6EFFB8FCA39F14FBEEFAF3" author="Fauchald" box="[807,978,1340,1365]" pageId="6" refString="Fauchald, K. (1977) The polychaete worms. Definitions and keys to orders, families and genera. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series, 28, 1 - 188. Available from: http: // www. vliz. be / nl / imis? module = ref &amp; refid = 11096 (accessed 16 July 2015)" type="journal article" year="1977">Fauchald 1977</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C6EFFB8FC5A9F14FCC9FAF3" author="Pleijel" box="[990,1269,1340,1365]" pageId="6" refString="Pleijel, F. &amp; Dahlgren, T. (1998) Position and delineation of Chrysopetalidae and Hesionidae (Annelida, Polychaeta, Phyllodocida). Cladistics, 14, 129 - 150. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.1998. tb 00327. x" type="journal article" year="1998">Pleijel &amp; Dahlgren 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C6EFFB8FA859F14FDABFAF3" author="Pleijel" box="[1281,1431,1340,1365]" pageId="6" refString="Pleijel, F. (2001 c) Phyllodocida incertae sedis. Antonbruunia Hartman and Boss, 1965. In: Rouse, F. &amp; Pleijel, F. (Eds.), Polychaetes. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 141." type="book chapter" year="2001" yearSuffix="c">Pleijel 2001c</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C6EFFB8FF139F77F94DFADF" author="Aguado" box="[151,369,1375,1400]" pageId="6" refString="Aguado, M. T., Nygren, A. &amp; Rouse, G. W. (2013) Two apparently unrelated groups of symbiotic annelids, Nautiliniellidae and Calamyzidae (Phyllodocida, Annelida), are a clade of derived chrysopetalid polychaetes. Cladistics, 29, 610 - 628. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12011" type="journal article" year="2013">
Aguado
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6EFFB8FF739F49F90CFADF" box="[247,304,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="6">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
) and putative related families,
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C6EFFB8FD4A9F77FB03FADF" box="[718,831,1375,1400]" class="Polychaeta" family="Pilargidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Pilargidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C6EFFB8FCCA9F77FBC2FADF" author="Pettibone" box="[846,1022,1375,1400]" pageId="6" refString="Pettibone, M. H. (1966) Revision of the Pilargidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) including descriptions of new species, and redescriptions of the pelagic Podarmus ploa Chamberlin (Polynoidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 118 (3525), 15 - 208. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 7759547 (accessed 16 July 2015)" type="journal article" year="1966">Pettibone 1966</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C6EFFB8FB8D9F77FD30FADF" author="Fitzhugh" box="[1033,1292,1375,1400]" pageId="6" refString="Fitzhugh, K. &amp; Wolf, P. S. (1990) Gross morphology of the brain of pilargid polychaetes: taxonomic and systematic implications. American Museum Novitates, 2992, 1 - 16. Available from: http: // digitallibrary. amnh. org / dspace / bitstream / handle / 2246 / 5090 / N 2992. pdf? sequence = 1 (accessed 16 July 2015)" type="journal article" year="1990">Fitzhugh &amp; Wolf 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C6EFFB8FA9C9F77F918FA3B" author="Fauchald" pageId="6" refString="Fauchald, K. &amp; Rouse, G. (1997) Polychaete systematics: Past and present. Zoologica Scripta, 26, 71 - 138. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1997. tb 00411. x" type="journal article" year="1997">Fauchald &amp; Rouse 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C6EFFB8FEB09FACF9F6FA3B" author="Glasby" box="[308,458,1412,1437]" pageId="6" refString="Glasby, C. J. (1993) Family revision and cladistic analysis of the Nereidoidea (Polychaeta: Phyllodocida). Invertebrate Taxonomy, 7, 1551 - 1573. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 9931551" type="journal article" year="1993">Glasby 1993</bibRefCitation>
, 2000;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C6EFFB8FDA29FACFAFCFA3A" author="Pleijel" box="[550,704,1412,1437]" pageId="6" refString="Pleijel, F. (2001 b) Pilargidae Saint-Joseph, 1899. In: Rouse, F. &amp; Pleijel, F. (Eds.), Polychaetes. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 99 - 101." type="book chapter" year="2001" yearSuffix="b">Pleijel 2001b</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C6EFFB8FC8C9FACFB8AFA3A" box="[776,950,1412,1437]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Nautiliniellidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C6EFFB8FC4E9FACFC5BFA3B" author="Pleijel" box="[970,1127,1412,1437]" pageId="6" refString="Pleijel, F. (2001 a) Nautiliniellidae Miura and Laubier, 1990. In: Rouse, F. &amp; Pleijel, F. (Eds.), Polychaetes. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 94 - 95." type="book chapter" year="2001" yearSuffix="a">Pleijel 2001a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C6EFFB8FBF39FACFDA4FA3B" author="Fauchald" box="[1143,1432,1412,1437]" pageId="6" refString="Fauchald, K. &amp; Rouse, G. (1997) Polychaete systematics: Past and present. Zoologica Scripta, 26, 71 - 138. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1997. tb 00411. x" type="journal article" year="1997">Fauchald &amp; Rouse 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C6EFFB8FF139F8FF9A7FA67" author="Aguado" box="[151,411,1447,1472]" pageId="6" refString="Aguado, M. T. &amp; Rouse, G. W. (2011) Nautiliniellidae (Annelida) from Costa Rican cold seeps and a western Pacific hydrothermal vent, with description of four new species. Systematics and Biodiversity, 9, 109 - 131. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772000.2011.569033" type="journal article" year="2011">Aguado &amp; Rouse 2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C6EFFB8FE229F8FFABDFA67" author="Aguado" box="[422,641,1447,1472]" pageId="6" refString="Aguado, M. T., Nygren, A. &amp; Rouse, G. W. (2013) Two apparently unrelated groups of symbiotic annelids, Nautiliniellidae and Calamyzidae (Phyllodocida, Annelida), are a clade of derived chrysopetalid polychaetes. Cladistics, 29, 610 - 628. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12011" type="journal article" year="2013">
Aguado
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6EFFB8FD829F81FA02FA67" box="[518,574,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). However, as
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C6EFFB8FCA39F8FFBF4FA67" author="Glasby" box="[807,968,1447,1472]" pageId="6" refString="Glasby, C. J. (1993) Family revision and cladistic analysis of the Nereidoidea (Polychaeta: Phyllodocida). Invertebrate Taxonomy, 7, 1551 - 1573. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 9931551" type="journal article" year="1993">Glasby (1993)</bibRefCitation>
pointed out, the true nature of the anteroventral appendages in
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C6EFFB8FE159FE4FA11FA42" box="[401,557,1484,1509]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6EFFB8FE159FE4FA11FA42" box="[401,557,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="6">Antonbruunia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
“must remain in doubt until better material is available to conduct histological study.”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C6EFFB8FF439C3CF9FBF93F" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C6EFFB8FF439C3CF9E7F98A" box="[199,475,1556,1581]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sociabilis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6EFFB8FF439C3CF9E7F98A" box="[199,475,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="6">Antonbruunia sociabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21757960C6EFFB8FE6D9C3CFA76F98A" box="[489,586,1556,1581]" pageId="6" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6EFFB8FE6D9C3CFA76F98A" bold="true" box="[489,586,1556,1581]" pageId="6">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is morphologically most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C6EFFB8FB879C3DFC4CF98A" box="[1027,1136,1556,1581]" class="Polychaeta" family="Phyllodocidae" genus="Eulalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6EFFB8FB879C3DFC4CF98A" box="[1027,1136,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="6">A. viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Segment 1, bearing the tentacular cirri, is well-defined dorsally and laterally as a distinct ring behind the prostomium. The palps and antennae are relatively slender tapering to narrow tips, median antennae and palps of similar size. Both have slender cirriform anal cirri.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C6EFFB8FF439C8DF8C0F81E" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="6">
In
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6EFFB8FF629C8DF961F91A" box="[230,349,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C6EFFB8FF629C8DF965F91A" box="[230,345,1700,1725]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gerdesi">A. gerdesi</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the tentacular cirri are more anteriorly positioned below/lateral to the prostomium, and segment 1 is dorsally reduced and narrow. All the anterior appendages are more robust, and the median antenna is similar to the lateral antennae in size and shape. The anal cirri are very robust also. Its body form seems altogether wider (
<figureCitation id="136B2A7A0C6EFFB8FF1B9D27F8D5F88F" box="[159,233,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1035,1057]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,226,989]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1014]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Morphometric relationships for Antonbruunia sociabilis sp. nov., and type material of A. viridis and A. gerdesi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242716/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A), though some caution must be exercised here due to potential differences attributable to fixation treatments; A.
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C6EFFB8FEB99D1CF9B2F8EA" box="[317,398,1844,1869]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gerdesi">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6EFFB8FEB99D1CF9B2F8EA" box="[317,398,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="6">gerdesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
material was removed from its bivalve host and then fixed in 10% formalin prior to transfer in 70% ethanol, while
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C6EFFB8FE1A9D70FA10F8D7" box="[414,556,1879,1904]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sociabilis">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6EFFB8FE1A9D70FA10F8D7" box="[414,556,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="6">A. sociabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was preserved inside its host when the latter was preserved directly in 70% ethanol.
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C6EFFB8FF789D54F9D7F832" box="[252,491,1916,1941]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6EFFB8FF789D54F9D7F832" box="[252,491,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="6">Antonbruunia viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was likewise removed live from its host, but fixing and preservation were not reported.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2F66770C6FFFB9FF139D74F960F87F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242715/files/figure.png" pageId="7" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1861]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C6FFFB9FF139D74F960F87F" blockId="7.[151,1436,1884,2008]" pageId="7">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6FFFB9FF139D74F92AF8D6" bold="true" box="[151,278,1884,1906]" pageId="7">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C6FFFB9FE9B9D74FA2AF8D5" box="[287,534,1884,1906]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sociabilis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6FFFB9FE9B9D74FA2AF8D5" box="[287,534,1884,1906]" italics="true" pageId="7">Antonbruunia sociabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21757960C6FFFB9FD9B9D74FA4FF8D6" box="[543,627,1884,1905]" pageId="7" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C6FFFB9FD9B9D74FA4FF8D6" bold="true" box="[543,627,1884,1905]" pageId="7">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(NMW-Z.2012.074.10). A, Chaetiger 1, antero-ventral view; B, Chaetiger 9, antero-ventral view; C, Chaetigers 20 and 21, antero-ventral view; D, Chaetigers 32 and 33, postero-ventral view; E, Parapodium, ventral cirrus and chaetae, chaetiger 9, anterior view; F, Chaetae, chaetiger 9, from upper posterior part of subacicular bundle.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2F66770C60FFB6FF139E23FDBCFB86" box="[151,1408,1035,1057]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242716/files/figure.png" pageId="8" targetBox="[182,1397,226,989]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C60FFB6FF139E23FDBCFB86" blockId="8.[151,1408,1035,1057]" box="[151,1408,1035,1057]" pageId="8">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FF139E23F92EFB87" bold="true" box="[151,274,1035,1057]" pageId="8">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Morphometric relationships for
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FDD99E23FB6DFB86" box="[605,849,1035,1057]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sociabilis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FDD99E23FB6DFB86" box="[605,849,1035,1057]" italics="true" pageId="8">Antonbruunia sociabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21757960C60FFB6FCD39E24FB9BFB86" box="[855,935,1036,1057]" pageId="8" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FCD39E24FB9BFB86" bold="true" box="[855,935,1036,1057]" pageId="8">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and type material of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FB029E24FCDFFB86" box="[1158,1251,1035,1057]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FB029E24FCDFFB86" box="[1158,1251,1035,1057]" italics="true" pageId="8">A. viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FA909E24FD46FB86" box="[1300,1402,1035,1057]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gerdesi">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FA909E24FD46FB86" box="[1300,1402,1035,1057]" italics="true" pageId="8">A. gerdesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34A65740C60FFB7FF439E5AFD60FF73" lastPageId="9" pageId="8" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C60FFB6FF439E5AFAF9FA0C" blockId="8.[151,1437,1138,2027]" pageId="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FF439E5AF982FB2C" ID-CoL="67KZ3" box="[199,446,1138,1163]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gerdesi">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FF439E5AF982FB2C" box="[199,446,1138,1163]" italics="true" pageId="8">Antonbruunia gerdesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the new species differ from
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FCC69E5BFB90FB2C" ID-CoL="F3QG" box="[834,940,1138,1163]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FCC69E5BFB90FB2C" box="[834,940,1138,1163]" italics="true" pageId="8">A. viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having broad-based conical, rather than slender and cirriform, dorsal cirri. These two species additionally may possess more angular neurochaetae (but see
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C60FFB6FF139E92F915FB75" author="Glasby" box="[151,297,1210,1235]" pageId="8" refString="Glasby, C. J. (1993) Family revision and cladistic analysis of the Nereidoidea (Polychaeta: Phyllodocida). Invertebrate Taxonomy, 7, 1551 - 1573. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 9931551" type="journal article" year="1993">Glasby 1993</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3b). The new species differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FD659E93FB7BFB74" ID-CoL="F3QG" box="[737,839,1210,1235]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FD659E93FB7BFB74" box="[737,839,1210,1235]" italics="true" pageId="8">A. viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having three, rather than two (Glasby figures only one), aciculae in median chaetigers. It differs from both
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FC979EF7FB47FB50" ID-CoL="F3QG" box="[787,891,1246,1271]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FC979EF7FB47FB50" box="[787,891,1246,1271]" italics="true" pageId="8">A. viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FC379EF7FC19FB50" ID-CoL="67KZ3" box="[947,1061,1246,1271]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gerdesi">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FC379EF7FC19FB50" box="[947,1061,1246,1271]" italics="true" pageId="8">A. gerdesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having more rounded and less protruding ventral cirri in the mid-body region; these two with short pointed ventral cirri throughout. All three species differ in the number of chaetae present. The maximum number of neurochaetae per parapodium reported was 26–30 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C60FFB6FEA09F62FA17FAC4" author="Hartman" box="[292,555,1354,1379]" pageId="8" refString="Hartman, O. &amp; Boss, K. J. (1965) Antonbruunia viridis, a new inquiline annelid with dwarf males, inhabiting a new species of pelecypod, Lucina fosteri, in the Mozambique Channel. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 13, 8 (87), 177 - 186. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936508651557" type="journal article" year="1965">Hartman &amp; Boss 1965</bibRefCitation>
) for
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FDEC9F63FAEEFAC4" ID-CoL="F3QG" box="[616,722,1354,1379]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FDEC9F63FAEEFAC4" box="[616,722,1354,1379]" italics="true" pageId="8">A. viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C60FFB6FD609F62FBBBFAC5" author="Glasby" box="[740,903,1354,1379]" pageId="8" refString="Glasby, C. J. (1993) Family revision and cladistic analysis of the Nereidoidea (Polychaeta: Phyllodocida). Invertebrate Taxonomy, 7, 1551 - 1573. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 9931551" type="journal article" year="1993">Glasby (1993)</bibRefCitation>
depicted 35. For
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FBDC9F63FCF7FAC4" ID-CoL="67KZ3" box="[1112,1227,1354,1379]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gerdesi">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FBDC9F63FCF7FAC4" box="[1112,1227,1354,1379]" italics="true" pageId="8">A. gerdesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the SEM images presented by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C60FFB6FEA89F46FA67FA20" author="Quiroga" box="[300,603,1390,1415]" pageId="8" refString="Quiroga, E. &amp; Sellanes, J. (2009) Two new polychaete species living in the mantle cavity of Calyptogena gallardoi (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae) at a methane seep site off central Chile (~ 36 ° S). Scientia Marina, 73 (2), 399 - 407. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2009.73 n 2399" type="journal article" year="2009">Quiroga &amp; Sellanes (2009)</bibRefCitation>
revealed at least 70 neurochaetae.
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FC659F46FCCCFA20" ID-CoL="F3QF" box="[993,1264,1390,1415]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sociabilis">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FC659F46FCCCFA20" box="[993,1264,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="8">Antonbruunia sociabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is intermediate between these two, having up to 50 neurochaetae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C60FFB6FF439F9EFA5EF8FC" blockId="8.[151,1437,1138,2027]" pageId="8">
The three species are widely separated geographically, occur at different depths and have different host bivalves:
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FE829FF2F9C8FA54" ID-CoL="F3QG" box="[262,500,1498,1523]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FE829FF2F9C8FA54" box="[262,500,1498,1523]" italics="true" pageId="8">Antonbruunia viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Western Indian Ocean,
<quantity id="4CA89B1A0C60FFB6FC939FF2FB43FA55" box="[791,895,1498,1523]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.2" metricValueMin="6.8" pageId="8" unit="m" value="75.0" valueMax="82.0" valueMin="68.0">68–82 m</quantity>
, with
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FC4E9FF3FC55FA55" box="[970,1129,1498,1522]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Lucina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinoida" pageId="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fosteri">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FC4E9FF3FC55FA55" box="[970,1129,1498,1522]" italics="true" pageId="8">Lucina fosteri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FB009FF3FCC4FA54" ID-CoL="67KZ3" box="[1156,1272,1498,1523]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gerdesi">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FB009FF3FCC4FA54" box="[1156,1272,1498,1523]" italics="true" pageId="8">A. gerdesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Southeastern Pacific Ocean,
<quantity id="4CA89B1A0C60FFB6FEC19FD6F9FBF9B1" box="[325,455,1534,1559]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.205" metricValueMax="8.459999999999999" metricValueMin="7.95" pageId="8" unit="m" value="820.5" valueMax="846.0" valueMin="795.0">795–846 m</quantity>
, with
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FD8B9FD6FB32F9B0" box="[527,782,1534,1559]" class="Bivalvia" family="Vesicomyidae" genus="Calyptogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Veneroida" pageId="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gallardoi">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FD8B9FD6FB32F9B0" box="[527,782,1534,1559]" italics="true" pageId="8">Calyptogena gallardoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FCDC9FD7FBD8F9B0" ID-CoL="F3QF" box="[856,996,1534,1559]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sociabilis">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FCDC9FD7FBD8F9B0" box="[856,996,1534,1559]" italics="true" pageId="8">A. sociabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Northeastern Atlantic,
<quantity id="4CA89B1A0C60FFB6FB7E9FD7FDABF9B1" box="[1274,1431,1535,1559]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1934999999999998" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.187" pageId="8" unit="m" value="1193.5" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="1187.0">1187–1200 m</quantity>
, with
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FF569C0AF9B2F99D" box="[210,398,1570,1595]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Thyasira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinoida" pageId="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scotiae">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FF569C0AF9B2F99D" box="[210,398,1570,1595]" italics="true" pageId="8">Thyasira scotiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The first was reported to occur in male-female pairs in 80% of more than
<specimenCount id="9D56FD760C60FFB6FA859C0AFD77F99D" box="[1281,1355,1570,1594]" pageId="8" type="generic">
100
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FAB09C0BFD77F99D" box="[1332,1355,1571,1594]" class="Bivalvia" family="Lucinidae" genus="Lucina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinoida" pageId="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fosteri">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FAB09C0BFD77F99D" box="[1332,1355,1571,1594]" italics="true" pageId="8">L.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</specimenCount>
fosteri animals, one bivalve hosted three individuals. The Chilean species was less prevalent with only four of 35
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FA069C6FF8C2F924" class="Bivalvia" family="Vesicomyidae" genus="Calyptogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Veneroida" pageId="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gallardoi">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FA069C6FF8C2F924" italics="true" pageId="8">C. gallardoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
animals hosting a single individual, although three occurred in another.
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FBE69C42FD58F924" box="[1122,1380,1642,1667]" class="Bivalvia" family="Vesicomyidae" genus="Calyptogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Veneroida" pageId="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gallardoi">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FBE69C42FD58F924" box="[1122,1380,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="8">Calyptogena gallardoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was unusual in additionally hosting the ‘nautiliniellid’ (now part of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FCDA9CA6FBCCF900" ID-CoL="85GHC" box="[862,1008,1678,1703]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Calamyzinae">Calamyzinae</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FB919CA6FCF2F900" ID-CoL="84K2N" box="[1045,1230,1678,1703]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Chrysopetalidae</taxonomicName>
, see
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C60FFB6FA809CA6F8EDF96D" author="Aguado" pageId="8" refString="Aguado, M. T., Nygren, A. &amp; Rouse, G. W. (2013) Two apparently unrelated groups of symbiotic annelids, Nautiliniellidae and Calamyzidae (Phyllodocida, Annelida), are a clade of derived chrysopetalid polychaetes. Cladistics, 29, 610 - 628. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12011" type="journal article" year="2013">
Aguado
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FAE09CA7FDA0F900" box="[1380,1436,1678,1703]" italics="true" pageId="8">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FF659C9AFAFFF96D" ID-CoL="4X4PP" authority="Quiroga &amp; Sellanes, 2009" authorityName="Quiroga &amp; Sellanes" authorityYear="2009" box="[225,707,1714,1739]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Shinkai" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FF659C9AF9ADF96C" box="[225,401,1714,1739]" italics="true" pageId="8">Shinkai robusta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C60FFB6FE1F9C9AFAFFF96D" author="Quiroga" box="[411,707,1714,1739]" pageId="8" refString="Quiroga, E. &amp; Sellanes, J. (2009) Two new polychaete species living in the mantle cavity of Calyptogena gallardoi (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae) at a methane seep site off central Chile (~ 36 ° S). Scientia Marina, 73 (2), 399 - 407. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2009.73 n 2399" type="journal article" year="2009">Quiroga &amp; Sellanes, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(single individuals in two of 35 bivalves), but there was no cooccurrence with
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FED29CFFF9F4F948" ID-CoL="67KZ3" box="[342,456,1750,1775]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gerdesi">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FED29CFFF9F4F948" box="[342,456,1750,1775]" italics="true" pageId="8">A. gerdesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FE5D9CFEFAD4F948" ID-CoL="F3QF" box="[473,744,1750,1775]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sociabilis">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FE5D9CFEFAD4F948" box="[473,744,1750,1775]" italics="true" pageId="8">Antonbruunia sociabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is remarkable in having up to nine individuals inhabiting
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FA039CFFF8DAF8B5" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Thyasira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinoida" pageId="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scotiae">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FA039CFFF8DAF8B5" italics="true" pageId="8">T. scotiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(maximum recorded size 19.8x19.6x
<quantity id="4CA89B1A0C60FFB6FD019CD2FAC7F8B4" box="[645,763,1786,1811]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.256" pageId="8" unit="mm" value="12.56">12.56 mm</quantity>
). It was not obvious whether the three smallest specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FF139D37F914F890" ID-CoL="F3QF" box="[151,296,1822,1847]" class="Polychaeta" family="Antonbruunidae" genus="Antonbruunia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sociabilis">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FF139D37F914F890" box="[151,296,1822,1847]" italics="true" pageId="8">A. sociabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were male or simply juvenile. The presence of 4–6 small posterior segments with rudimentary parapodia may be indicative of the latter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C60FFB6FF439D4FFDA0F84C" blockId="8.[151,1437,1138,2027]" pageId="8">
It is unusual to have many symbionts living in one bivalve host. In the
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FC759D4EFD25F8D8" authority="Blake (1990)" authorityName="Blake" authorityYear="1990" box="[1009,1305,1894,1919]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinoida" pageId="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">
Thyasiridae,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C60FFB6FB019D4EFD25F8D8" author="Blake" box="[1157,1305,1894,1919]" pageId="8" refString="Blake, J. A. (1990) A new genus and species of Polychaeta commensal with a deep-sea thyasirid clam. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 103, 681 - 686. Available from: http: // biostor. org / reference / 74461 (accessed 16 July 2015)" type="journal article" year="1990">Blake (1990)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
found only single examples of the calamyzin
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FD9F9DA3FADDF804" ID-CoL="4FDM7" box="[539,737,1930,1955]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Petrecca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="thyasira">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FD9F9DA3FADDF804" box="[539,737,1930,1955]" italics="true" pageId="8">Petrecca thyasira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabiting
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FCE09DA2FD0EF804" authority="Verrill &amp; Bush, 1898" authorityName="Verrill &amp; Bush" authorityYear="1898" box="[868,1330,1930,1955]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Thyasira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinoida" pageId="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="insignis">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FCE09DA2FC1BF805" box="[868,1063,1930,1955]" italics="true" pageId="8">Thyasira insignis</emphasis>
(Verrill &amp; Bush, 1898)
</taxonomicName>
from the deep Northwestern Atlantic (
<quantity id="4CA89B1A0C60FFB6FE719D87FA64F860" box="[501,600,1967,1991]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.72" pageId="8" unit="m" value="3720.0">3720 m</quantity>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C60FFB6FDF79D86FBFEF860" author="Miura" box="[627,962,1966,1991]" pageId="8" refString="Miura, T. &amp; Hashimoto, J. (1996) Nautiliniellid polychaetes living in the mantle cavity of bivalve mollusks from cold seeps and hydrothermal vents around Japan. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 37, 257 - 274. Available from: http: // hdl. handle. net / 2433 / 176264 (accessed 16 July 2015)" type="journal article" year="1996">
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FDF79D86FA8BF860" ID-CoL="84RJN" authority="Hashimoto" authorityName="Hashimoto" authorityYear="1996" box="[627,695,1966,1991]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Miura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Miura</taxonomicName>
&amp; Hashimoto (1996)
</bibRefCitation>
similarly found a single individual of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FF139DFAF9F0F84C" ID-CoL="56PHG" box="[151,460,2002,2027]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Thyasiridicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="branchiatus">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FF139DFAF9F0F84C" box="[151,460,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="8">Thyasiridicola branchiatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C60FFB6FE7C9DFAFBBDF84C" authority="Gabb, 1866" authorityName="Gabb" authorityYear="1866" box="[504,897,2002,2027]" class="Bivalvia" family="Thyasiridae" genus="Conchocele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lucinoida" pageId="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="disjuncta">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C60FFB6FE7C9DFAFAD3F84C" box="[504,751,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="8">Conchocele disjuncta</emphasis>
Gabb, 1866
</taxonomicName>
from Hatsushima cold seep,
<collectingCountry id="F347766F0C60FFB6FB5B9DFBFD23F84D" box="[1247,1311,2003,2026]" name="Japan" pageId="8">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<quantity id="4CA89B1A0C60FFB6FAB69DFAFDACF84C" box="[1330,1424,2002,2027]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="8" unit="m" value="1160.0">1160 m</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF36FF0C61FFB7FF139AB0FD60FF73" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,213]" pageId="9">
However,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B0E0C61FFB7FE889ABFFA19FF17" author="Aguado" box="[268,549,151,176]" pageId="9" refString="Aguado, M. T. &amp; Rouse, G. W. (2011) Nautiliniellidae (Annelida) from Costa Rican cold seeps and a western Pacific hydrothermal vent, with description of four new species. Systematics and Biodiversity, 9, 109 - 131. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772000.2011.569033" type="journal article" year="2011">Aguado &amp; Rouse (2011)</bibRefCitation>
recorded up to 25 individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C61FFB7FC2C9ABFFC5EFF17" ID-CoL="3SM6C" box="[936,1122,151,176]" class="Polychaeta" family="Chrysopetalidae" genus="Laubierus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alvini">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C61FFB7FC2C9ABFFC5EFF17" box="[936,1122,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="9">Laubierus alvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within the larger (6.0–
<quantity id="4CA89B1A0C61FFB7FAEF9ABFF887FF73" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="9" unit="cm" value="10.4">10.4 cm</quantity>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C61FFB7FF4D9A94F90AFF72" box="[201,310,188,213]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytiloida" pageId="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Mytilidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C504D7C0C61FFB7FEB99A94F9D9FF72" box="[317,485,188,213]" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Bathymodiolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytiloida" pageId="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B924EAED0C61FFB7FEB99A94F9D9FF72" box="[317,485,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="9">Bathymodiolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. from methane seeps off
<collectingCountry id="F347766F0C61FFB7FCA59A94FBA2FF72" box="[801,926,188,213]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, Eastern Pacific Ocean (
<quantity id="4CA89B1A0C61FFB7FB2B9A94FD6CFF73" box="[1199,1360,188,212]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="9" unit="m" value="1400.0" valueMax="1800.0" valueMin="1000.0">1000–1800 m</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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