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<document id="08FC2F4F5D2CBB206DB4D06FB399D4C2" ID-CLB-Dataset="28135" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4563.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6c280343-607d-4ff5-b2ba-1ed24db90c36" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2601342" ID-ZooBank="86E75433-D91B-48E5-9807-9A0A460EFCB3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553172235077" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Salgado, Alexandre &amp; Ruiz, Gustavo R. S." docDate="2019" docId="03F987C08A6301633AEE8AD1FB7E4AFB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4563.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4563 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Amphidraus caxiuanan Salgado &amp; Ruiz 2017" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="468" masterDocId="FFC0FFB88A7201723A798B0DFFC84C76" masterDocTitle="Seven new species of Amphidraus Simon, 1900 (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)" masterLastPageNumber="481" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="468" updateTime="1698703444826" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="1CA1574E029EB2CFAC5DE8CF3DE86DD3">Seven new species of Amphidraus Simon, 1900 (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2A6E2B33DEA40A85968E1F84F0C005E5">Salgado, Alexandre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="23284BF3B24D02EEF4606F9AD2444A4E">Ruiz, Gustavo R. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="08BEA4178898632320D5E6E91275A16C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="507000078A85E2BA82E907EB1CFFFA5C">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="35C7F92BA2483719AA8BCD0D8EFD5448">2019-03-04</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="8D29010D238EBF002F677FA96DC5FA13">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="03F987C08A6301633AEE8AD1FB7E4AFB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5931673" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154474857" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5931673" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F987C08A6301633AEE8AD1FB7E4AFB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F987C08A6301633AEE8AD1FB7E4AFB" lastPageNumber="468" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<subSubSection id="C34A655D8A6301633AEE8AD1FD024D80" box="[151,714,476,502]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEF36D68A6301633AEE8AD1FD024D80" blockId="17.[151,714,476,535]" box="[151,714,476,502]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<heading id="D0A781BA8A6301633AEE8AD1FD024D80" bold="true" box="[151,714,476,502]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C504D558A6301633AEE8AD1FD024D80" ID-CoL="D2G3" authority="Salgado &amp; Ruiz, 2017" authorityName="Salgado &amp; Ruiz" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,714,476,502]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Amphidraus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caxiuanan">
<emphasis id="B924EAC48A6301633AEE8AD1FD024D80" bold="true" box="[151,714,476,502]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="B924EAC48A6301633AEE8AD1FE7D4D80" bold="true" box="[151,437,476,502]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Amphidraus caxiuanan</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B278A6301633BC58AD1FD024D80" author="Salgado, A. &amp; Ruiz, G. R." box="[444,714,476,502]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" pagination="401 - 437" refId="ref8937" refString="Salgado, A. &amp; Ruiz, G. R. S (2017) Ten new species of Amphidraus Simon, 1900 (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini) and three new combinations. Zootaxa, 4312 (3), 401 - 437. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4312.3.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Salgado &amp; Ruiz, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34A655D8A6301633AEE8AF3FDCA4E61" box="[151,514,510,535]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEF36D68A6301633AEE8AF3FDCA4E61" blockId="17.[151,714,476,535]" box="[151,514,510,535]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<figureCitation id="136B2A538A6301633AEE8AF3FF204E61" box="[151,232,510,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1826]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 18. Morphological variation in Amphidraus caxiuanan Salgado &amp; Ruiz, 2017. A–D holotype from Melgaço, Pará (A male, dorsal; B left palp, ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal). E–H specimen from Oriximiná, Pará (E male, dorsal; F left palp, ventral; G retrolateral; H dorsal). Abbreviations: cc, cymbial conductor; dPED, distal process on embolic disc; e, embolus shaft; ef, embolic filament; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RvTA, retroventral tibial apophysis; TL, tegular lobe; vPED, ventral process on embolic disc. Black arrow in D shows dorso-prolateral, proximal cymbial projection." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601380/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Figs 18</figureCitation>
A–H, 19C–D, 19F–G, 20
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34A655D8A6301633AEE894AFA4B4E0D" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEF36D68A6301633AEE894AFA4B4E0D" blockId="17.[151,1435,582,635]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4011F88A6301633AEE894AFA4B4E0D" infered="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<taxonomicName id="4C504D558A6301633AEE894AFD164E2A" ID-CoL="D2G3" authority="Salgado &amp; Ruiz, 2017: 408" authorityName="Salgado &amp; Ruiz" authorityPageNumber="408" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,734,582,604]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Amphidraus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caxiuanan">
<emphasis id="B924EAC48A6301633AEE894AFE464E2A" box="[151,398,583,604]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Amphidraus caxiuanan</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF110C78A6301633BE7894BFD164E2A" author="Salgado, A. &amp; Ruiz, G. R." box="[414,734,582,604]" page="408" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B278A6301633BE7894BFD6A4E2A" author="Salgado, A. &amp; Ruiz, G. R." box="[414,674,582,604]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" pagination="401 - 437" refId="ref8937" refString="Salgado, A. &amp; Ruiz, G. R. S (2017) Ten new species of Amphidraus Simon, 1900 (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini) and three new combinations. Zootaxa, 4312 (3), 401 - 437. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4312.3.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Salgado &amp; Ruiz, 2017</bibRefCitation>
: 408
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 5A–B, 6A–D (
<typeStatus id="54EB88748A63016339AD894BFBFC4E2A" box="[980,1076,582,604]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D56FD5F8A6301633E3D894AFB9F4E2A" box="[1092,1111,583,604]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
from Melgaço, [
<geoCoordinate id="EE6450118A6301633F58894BFA504E2A" box="[1313,1432,582,604]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" precision="15" value="-1.7066667">01°42'24&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6450118A6301633ABE8968FE934E0D" box="[199,347,613,635]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" precision="1" value="-51.45953">51°27'34.3&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
],
<collectingRegion id="4994F8348A6301633B158968FE534E0D" box="[364,411,613,635]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Pará</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34776468A6301633BDC8968FE2D4E0D" box="[421,485,613,635]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FFEE10168A6301633B898968FDAA4E0D" box="[496,610,613,635]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" value="2006-04-14">14.IV.2006</date>
, J.A.P. Barreiros leg., deposited in MPEG 29052);
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B278A6301633E1F8968FAB74E0D" author="World Spider Catalog" box="[1126,1407,613,635]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" refId="ref9034" refString="World Spider Catalog (2018) World Spider Catalog. Uersion 18.0. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed 2 May 2018)" type="url" year="2018">World Spider Catalog 2018</bibRefCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34A655D8A6301633AEE89AAFE734F7E" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEF36D68A6301633AEE89AAFE734F7E" blockId="17.[151,1437,679,1677]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="B924EAC48A6301633AEE89AAFD1E4EB6" bold="true" box="[151,726,679,704]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
Additional material examined.
<materialsCitation id="3B383C8B8A630163386C89AAFD1E4EB6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2013952913" box="[533,726,679,704]" collectingDate="2014-10-10" collectingDateMax="2014-10-18" collectingDateMin="2014-10-10" collectionCode="MPEG" collectorName="Oriximina &amp; M. B. Aguiar-Neto" country="Brazil" latitude="-1.1028056" location="Rio Acapu" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-56.434444" municipality="Floresta Estadual do Trombetas" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" specimenCode="MPEG 35013" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Para">
<collectingCountry id="F34776468A630163386C89AAFD4D4EB6" box="[533,645,679,704]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
:
<emphasis id="B924EAC48A63016338ED89AAFD1E4EB6" bold="true" box="[660,726,679,704]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<collectingRegion id="4994F8348A63016338ED89AAFD064EB6" box="[660,718,679,704]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Pará</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D56FD5F8A630163389989A5FCCB4EB6" box="[736,771,680,704]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
from
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8BACAC8A630163393689AAFB084EB6" box="[847,1216,679,704]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Floresta Estadual do Trombetas</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E8F600D8A6301633EB789AAFA824EB6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F987C08A6301633AEE8AD1FB7E4AFB:8E8F600D8A6301633EB789AAFA824EB6" box="[1230,1354,679,704]" country="Brazil" latitude="-1.1028056" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-56.434444" municipality="Floresta Estadual do Trombetas" name="Rio Acapu" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" stateProvince="Para">Rio Acapu</location>
(along about
<quantity id="4CA89B338A6301633AA589C1FEEA4E93" box="[220,290,716,741]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
on the North margin), [
<geoCoordinate id="EE6450118A630163385389C1FD194E93" box="[554,721,716,741]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" precision="1" value="-1.1028056">01°06'10.10&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6450118A63016338A589C1FC464E93" box="[732,910,716,741]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" precision="1" value="-56.434444">56°26'04.00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
],
<collectorName id="26A553008A63016339D989C1FBDE4E93" box="[928,1046,716,741]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Oriximiná</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFEE10168A6301633E5889C1FB0C4E92" box="[1057,1220,716,740]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" value="2014-10-10" valueMax="2014-10-18" valueMin="2014-10-10">
<collectingDate id="EFAAE9FE8A6301633E5889C1FB0C4E92" box="[1057,1220,716,740]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" value="2014-10-10" valueMax="2014-10-18" valueMin="2014-10-10">10–18.X.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26A553008A6301633EB689C0FA544E93" box="[1231,1436,716,741]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">M.B. Aguiar-Neto</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B924EAC48A6301633AEE89FCFF074F7E" box="[151,207,752,776]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">et al.</emphasis>
leg. (
<specimenCode id="DBF69EAD8A6301633B7489FDFE674F7E" box="[269,431,751,776]" collectionCode="MPEG" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">MPEG 35013</specimenCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34A655D8A6301633ABE8819FC9D483B" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BEF36D68A6301633ABE8819FC9D483B" blockId="17.[151,1437,679,1677]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="B924EAC48A6301633ABE8819FE694F5B" bold="true" box="[199,417,788,813]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Revised diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C504D558A6301633BD18819FC644F5A" authority="Salgado &amp; Ruiz, 2017" authorityName="Salgado &amp; Ruiz" authorityYear="2017" box="[424,940,788,813]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Amphidraus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caxiuanan">
<emphasis id="B924EAC48A6301633BD18819FD654F5A" box="[424,685,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Amphidraus caxiuanan</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B278A63016338CA8819FC644F5A" author="Salgado, A. &amp; Ruiz, G. R." box="[691,940,788,813]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" pagination="401 - 437" refId="ref8937" refString="Salgado, A. &amp; Ruiz, G. R. S (2017) Ten new species of Amphidraus Simon, 1900 (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini) and three new combinations. Zootaxa, 4312 (3), 401 - 437. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4312.3.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Salgado &amp; Ruiz, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C504D558A630163399A8819FBBD4F5A" authority="Salgado &amp; Ruiz, 2019" authorityName="Salgado &amp; Ruiz" authorityYear="2019" box="[995,1141,788,812]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Amphidraus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manauara" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B924EAC48A630163399A8819FBBD4F5A" box="[995,1141,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">A. manauara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B924EAC48A6301633E058819FB1E4F5B" bold="true" box="[1148,1238,788,813]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21757BF8A6301633E058819FB1E4F5B" box="[1148,1238,788,813]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
have the embolic disc with one long, prolaterally projected, distal process (dPED) with rounded tip, and one short, ventrally projected ventral process (vPED) (
<figureCitation id="136B2A538A630163385B8851FD584F02" box="[546,656,860,885]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[157,1401,276,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,248,1861]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 17. Amphidraus manauara sp. nov. A–C left male palp (A ventral; B dorsal; C retrolateral); D epigyne/vulva, cleared, ventral. Abbreviations: cc, cymbial conductor; cd, copulatory duct; co, copulatory opening; Cy, cymbium; dPED, distal process on embolic disc; e, embolus shaft; ed, embolic disc; ef, embolic filament; fd, fertilization duct; gl, gland; po, coupling pocket; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RvTA, retroventral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; T, tegulum; TL, tegular lobe; vPED, ventral process on embolic disc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601378/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Figs 17A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136B2A538A63016338E48851FD074F02" box="[669,719,860,884]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1557,1579]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,199,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,173,1536]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 19. Comparison of male palpal structures in Amphidraus spp. A–B, E left male palp of A. manauara sp. nov. (A ventral; B cymbium, dorsal; E retrolateral, bulb removed). C–D, F–G left male palp of A. caxiuanan Salgado &amp; Ruiz, 2017 (C holotype from Melgaço, ventral; D same, cymbium, dorsal; G same, retrolateral, bulb removed; F specimen from Oriximiná, retrolateral, bulb removed. Abbreviations: Cy, cymbium; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RvTA, retroventral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601384/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">19C</figureCitation>
); also, the same pattern of tibial apophyses: the RvTA is short and rounded and the RTA emerges from retrodorsal portion of tibia, being curved and projected to the apex of palp (
<figureCitation id="136B2A538A6301633AE688A9FF3B4FCA" box="[159,243,932,957]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1557,1579]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,199,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,173,1536]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 19. Comparison of male palpal structures in Amphidraus spp. A–B, E left male palp of A. manauara sp. nov. (A ventral; B cymbium, dorsal; E retrolateral, bulb removed). C–D, F–G left male palp of A. caxiuanan Salgado &amp; Ruiz, 2017 (C holotype from Melgaço, ventral; D same, cymbium, dorsal; G same, retrolateral, bulb removed; F specimen from Oriximiná, retrolateral, bulb removed. Abbreviations: Cy, cymbium; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RvTA, retroventral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601384/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Figs 19</figureCitation>
E–G); proximal dorso-prolateral portion of cymbium is prominent in both species, and there is a proximal retro-dorsal cavity on cymbium (
<figureCitation id="136B2A538A630163387488CAFDB04F96" box="[525,632,967,992]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[157,1401,276,1828]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,248,1861]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 17. Amphidraus manauara sp. nov. A–C left male palp (A ventral; B dorsal; C retrolateral); D epigyne/vulva, cleared, ventral. Abbreviations: cc, cymbial conductor; cd, copulatory duct; co, copulatory opening; Cy, cymbium; dPED, distal process on embolic disc; e, embolus shaft; ed, embolic disc; ef, embolic filament; fd, fertilization duct; gl, gland; po, coupling pocket; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RvTA, retroventral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; T, tegulum; TL, tegular lobe; vPED, ventral process on embolic disc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601378/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Figs 17B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136B2A538A63016338FF88C5FD304F96" box="[646,760,968,992]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1557,1579]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,199,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,173,1536]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 19. Comparison of male palpal structures in Amphidraus spp. A–B, E left male palp of A. manauara sp. nov. (A ventral; B cymbium, dorsal; E retrolateral, bulb removed). C–D, F–G left male palp of A. caxiuanan Salgado &amp; Ruiz, 2017 (C holotype from Melgaço, ventral; D same, cymbium, dorsal; G same, retrolateral, bulb removed; F specimen from Oriximiná, retrolateral, bulb removed. Abbreviations: Cy, cymbium; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RvTA, retroventral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601384/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">19B, 19D</figureCitation>
). However,
<taxonomicName id="4C504D558A63016339FB88C5FB404FA9" authorityName="Salgado &amp; Ruiz" authorityYear="2017" box="[898,1160,968,992]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Amphidraus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caxiuanan">
<emphasis id="B924EAC48A63016339FB88C5FB404FA9" box="[898,1160,968,992]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Amphidraus caxiuanan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by having a longer proximal dorso-prolateral projection of cymbium (
<figureCitation id="136B2A538A63016339F188E1FBF84872" box="[904,1072,1004,1029]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1557,1579]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,199,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,173,1536]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 19. Comparison of male palpal structures in Amphidraus spp. A–B, E left male palp of A. manauara sp. nov. (A ventral; B cymbium, dorsal; E retrolateral, bulb removed). C–D, F–G left male palp of A. caxiuanan Salgado &amp; Ruiz, 2017 (C holotype from Melgaço, ventral; D same, cymbium, dorsal; G same, retrolateral, bulb removed; F specimen from Oriximiná, retrolateral, bulb removed. Abbreviations: Cy, cymbium; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RvTA, retroventral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601384/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Figs 19B, 19D</figureCitation>
) and longer RTA (
<figureCitation id="136B2A538A6301633F7A88E1FA9F4872" box="[1283,1367,1004,1029]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1557,1579]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,199,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,173,1536]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 19. Comparison of male palpal structures in Amphidraus spp. A–B, E left male palp of A. manauara sp. nov. (A ventral; B cymbium, dorsal; E retrolateral, bulb removed). C–D, F–G left male palp of A. caxiuanan Salgado &amp; Ruiz, 2017 (C holotype from Melgaço, ventral; D same, cymbium, dorsal; G same, retrolateral, bulb removed; F specimen from Oriximiná, retrolateral, bulb removed. Abbreviations: Cy, cymbium; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RvTA, retroventral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601384/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Figs 19</figureCitation>
E–G). Moreover, the embolus shaft and the embolic filament are longer in proportion to the embolic disc in
<taxonomicName id="4C504D558A6301633F718F1DFA544851" authorityName="Salgado &amp; Ruiz" authorityYear="2017" box="[1288,1436,1040,1063]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Amphidraus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caxiuanan">
<emphasis id="B924EAC48A6301633F718F1DFA544851" box="[1288,1436,1040,1063]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">A. caxiuanan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136B2A538A6301633AE68F39FE80483A" box="[159,328,1076,1101]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1557,1579]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,199,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,173,1536]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 19. Comparison of male palpal structures in Amphidraus spp. A–B, E left male palp of A. manauara sp. nov. (A ventral; B cymbium, dorsal; E retrolateral, bulb removed). C–D, F–G left male palp of A. caxiuanan Salgado &amp; Ruiz, 2017 (C holotype from Melgaço, ventral; D same, cymbium, dorsal; G same, retrolateral, bulb removed; F specimen from Oriximiná, retrolateral, bulb removed. Abbreviations: Cy, cymbium; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RvTA, retroventral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601384/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Figs 19A, 19C</figureCitation>
). The female of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D558A6301633B868F39FD5B483A" authorityName="Salgado &amp; Ruiz" authorityYear="2017" box="[511,659,1076,1100]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Amphidraus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caxiuanan">
<emphasis id="B924EAC48A6301633B868F39FD5B483A" box="[511,659,1076,1100]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">A. caxiuanan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is still unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34A655D8A6301633ABE8F5AFB20498B" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEF36D68A6301633ABE8F5AFD534806" blockId="17.[151,1437,679,1677]" box="[199,667,1111,1136]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="B924EAC48A6301633ABE8F5AFE914806" bold="true" box="[199,345,1111,1136]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Description.</emphasis>
See
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B278A6301633BF68F5AFD5E4806" author="Salgado, A. &amp; Ruiz, G. R." box="[399,662,1111,1136]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" pagination="401 - 437" refId="ref8937" refString="Salgado, A. &amp; Ruiz, G. R. S (2017) Ten new species of Amphidraus Simon, 1900 (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini) and three new combinations. Zootaxa, 4312 (3), 401 - 437. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4312.3.1" type="journal article" year="2017">Salgado &amp; Ruiz (2017)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEF36D68A6301633ABE8F71FB20498B" blockId="17.[151,1437,679,1677]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="B924EAC48A6301633ABE8F71FEF748E3" bold="true" box="[199,319,1148,1173]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Variation.</emphasis>
Based on comparisons between the type specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D558A63016339E38F71FBE648E2" authorityName="Salgado &amp; Ruiz" authorityYear="2017" box="[922,1070,1148,1172]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Amphidraus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caxiuanan">
<emphasis id="B924EAC48A63016339E38F71FBE648E2" box="[922,1070,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">A. caxiuanan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Melgaço,
<collectingRegion id="4994F8348A6301633E9B8F71FADF48E2" box="[1250,1303,1148,1172]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Pará</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34776468A6301633F588F71FAA048E3" box="[1313,1384,1148,1173]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, and this new male from Oriximiná,
<collectingRegion id="4994F8348A630163387B8FADFDFF48CE" box="[514,567,1184,1208]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Pará</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34776468A630163383D8F92FD4048CE" box="[580,648,1183,1208]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(about
<quantity id="4CA89B338A630163389B8F92FCF148CE" box="[738,825,1183,1208]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" unit="km" value="550.0">550 km</quantity>
from the type locality;
<figureCitation id="136B2A538A6301633E338F92FB5748CE" box="[1098,1183,1183,1208]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1482,1504]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,629,1460]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,629,1460]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 20. Map of northern Brazil showing records of Amphidraus caxiuanan and A. manauara. White lines represent the borders of Brazilian states. Map modified from Google Earth ®. Blue line between Manaus and Melgaço represents the Amazon River." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601386/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
), we observed several similarities, including in tibial apophyses and especially in the embolic disc, which made us refrain from describing a new species from Oriximiná. That male is herein recognized as being a variant form of
<emphasis id="B924EAC48A6301633EDF8FE5FA8D4889" box="[1190,1349,1256,1279]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<taxonomicName id="4C504D558A6301633EDF8FE5FA884889" authorityName="Salgado &amp; Ruiz" authorityYear="2017" box="[1190,1344,1256,1279]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Amphidraus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caxiuanan">A. caxiuanan</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Hence, palpal variation within the species is summarized as follows (
<figureCitation id="136B2A538A630163393E8E01FC524952" box="[839,922,1292,1317]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1826]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 18. Morphological variation in Amphidraus caxiuanan Salgado &amp; Ruiz, 2017. A–D holotype from Melgaço, Pará (A male, dorsal; B left palp, ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal). E–H specimen from Oriximiná, Pará (E male, dorsal; F left palp, ventral; G retrolateral; H dorsal). Abbreviations: cc, cymbial conductor; dPED, distal process on embolic disc; e, embolus shaft; ef, embolic filament; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RvTA, retroventral tibial apophysis; TL, tegular lobe; vPED, ventral process on embolic disc. Black arrow in D shows dorso-prolateral, proximal cymbial projection." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601380/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Figs 18</figureCitation>
B–D, 18F–H, 19C–D, 19F–G): the RTA has a slight (
<figureCitation id="136B2A538A6301633A9D8E22FE84493E" box="[228,332,1327,1352]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1826]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 18. Morphological variation in Amphidraus caxiuanan Salgado &amp; Ruiz, 2017. A–D holotype from Melgaço, Pará (A male, dorsal; B left palp, ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal). E–H specimen from Oriximiná, Pará (E male, dorsal; F left palp, ventral; G retrolateral; H dorsal). Abbreviations: cc, cymbial conductor; dPED, distal process on embolic disc; e, embolus shaft; ef, embolic filament; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RvTA, retroventral tibial apophysis; TL, tegular lobe; vPED, ventral process on embolic disc. Black arrow in D shows dorso-prolateral, proximal cymbial projection." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601380/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Figs 18G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136B2A538A6301633B2E8E3DFE4C493E" box="[343,388,1328,1352]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1557,1579]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,199,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,173,1536]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 19. Comparison of male palpal structures in Amphidraus spp. A–B, E left male palp of A. manauara sp. nov. (A ventral; B cymbium, dorsal; E retrolateral, bulb removed). C–D, F–G left male palp of A. caxiuanan Salgado &amp; Ruiz, 2017 (C holotype from Melgaço, ventral; D same, cymbium, dorsal; G same, retrolateral, bulb removed; F specimen from Oriximiná, retrolateral, bulb removed. Abbreviations: Cy, cymbium; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RvTA, retroventral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601384/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">19F</figureCitation>
) or accentuated curvature (
<figureCitation id="136B2A538A63016338CC8E22FCE8493E" box="[693,800,1327,1352]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1826]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 18. Morphological variation in Amphidraus caxiuanan Salgado &amp; Ruiz, 2017. A–D holotype from Melgaço, Pará (A male, dorsal; B left palp, ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal). E–H specimen from Oriximiná, Pará (E male, dorsal; F left palp, ventral; G retrolateral; H dorsal). Abbreviations: cc, cymbial conductor; dPED, distal process on embolic disc; e, embolus shaft; ef, embolic filament; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RvTA, retroventral tibial apophysis; TL, tegular lobe; vPED, ventral process on embolic disc. Black arrow in D shows dorso-prolateral, proximal cymbial projection." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601380/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Figs 18C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136B2A538A63016339528E3DFC97493E" box="[811,863,1328,1352]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1557,1579]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,199,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,173,1536]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 19. Comparison of male palpal structures in Amphidraus spp. A–B, E left male palp of A. manauara sp. nov. (A ventral; B cymbium, dorsal; E retrolateral, bulb removed). C–D, F–G left male palp of A. caxiuanan Salgado &amp; Ruiz, 2017 (C holotype from Melgaço, ventral; D same, cymbium, dorsal; G same, retrolateral, bulb removed; F specimen from Oriximiná, retrolateral, bulb removed. Abbreviations: Cy, cymbium; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RvTA, retroventral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601384/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">19G</figureCitation>
); the dorso-prolateral, proximal cymbial projection varies in length (
<figureCitation id="136B2A538A6301633B1A8E59FDD0491A" box="[355,536,1364,1389]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1826]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 18. Morphological variation in Amphidraus caxiuanan Salgado &amp; Ruiz, 2017. A–D holotype from Melgaço, Pará (A male, dorsal; B left palp, ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal). E–H specimen from Oriximiná, Pará (E male, dorsal; F left palp, ventral; G retrolateral; H dorsal). Abbreviations: cc, cymbial conductor; dPED, distal process on embolic disc; e, embolus shaft; ef, embolic filament; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RvTA, retroventral tibial apophysis; TL, tegular lobe; vPED, ventral process on embolic disc. Black arrow in D shows dorso-prolateral, proximal cymbial projection." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601380/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Figs 18D, 18H</figureCitation>
); RTA length is also variable (
<figureCitation id="136B2A538A63016339F48E59FC2E491A" box="[909,998,1364,1389]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,193,1826]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 18. Morphological variation in Amphidraus caxiuanan Salgado &amp; Ruiz, 2017. A–D holotype from Melgaço, Pará (A male, dorsal; B left palp, ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal). E–H specimen from Oriximiná, Pará (E male, dorsal; F left palp, ventral; G retrolateral; H dorsal). Abbreviations: cc, cymbial conductor; dPED, distal process on embolic disc; e, embolus shaft; ef, embolic filament; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RvTA, retroventral tibial apophysis; TL, tegular lobe; vPED, ventral process on embolic disc. Black arrow in D shows dorso-prolateral, proximal cymbial projection." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601380/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Figs 18</figureCitation>
C–D, 18G–H, 19F–G). However, the proportions of these structures in the male from Oriximiná are intermediate when comparing the
<typeStatus id="54EB88748A6301633E8E8E7AFA9149E6" box="[1271,1369,1399,1424]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D558A6301633FFD8E75FEC449C2" authorityName="Salgado &amp; Ruiz" authorityYear="2017" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Amphidraus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caxiuanan">
<emphasis id="B924EAC48A6301633FFD8E75FEC449C2" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">A. caxiuanan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the
<typeStatus id="54EB88748A6301633B148E91FE0749C3" box="[365,463,1436,1461]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D558A6301633B8C8E91FD4049C2" authorityName="Salgado &amp; Ruiz" authorityYear="2019" box="[501,648,1436,1460]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Amphidraus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manauara">
<emphasis id="B924EAC48A6301633B8C8E91FD4049C2" box="[501,648,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">A. manauara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(whose type locality is about
<quantity id="4CA89B338A63016339A58E91FBF949C3" box="[988,1073,1436,1461]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" unit="km" value="450.0">450 km</quantity>
away from Oriximiná;
<figureCitation id="136B2A538A6301633F458E91FA4749C2" box="[1340,1423,1436,1461]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1482,1504]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,629,1460]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,629,1460]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 20. Map of northern Brazil showing records of Amphidraus caxiuanan and A. manauara. White lines represent the borders of Brazilian states. Map modified from Google Earth ®. Blue line between Manaus and Melgaço represents the Amazon River." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601386/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
), which could indicate a cline across the Amazon River. Nevertheless, the embolic disc of the male palp of
<taxonomicName id="4C504D558A6301633FFD8ECDFEC2498A" authorityName="Salgado &amp; Ruiz" authorityYear="2019" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Amphidraus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manauara">
<emphasis id="B924EAC48A6301633FFD8ECDFEC2498A" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">A. manauara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is different enough to convince us to describe it as a new species (see diagnoses above).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34A655D8A6301633ABE8D0AFB7E4AFB" pageId="17" pageNumber="468" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BEF36D68A6301633ABE8D0AFB7E4AFB" blockId="17.[151,1437,679,1677]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">
<emphasis id="B924EAC48A6301633ABE8D0AFEA84A56" bold="true" box="[199,352,1543,1568]" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from the state of
<collectingRegion id="4994F8348A63016338CF8D05FD234A56" box="[694,747,1544,1568]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Pará</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34776468A630163388F8D0AFCF24A56" box="[758,826,1543,1568]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="136B2A538A63016339308D0AFC554A56" box="[841,925,1543,1568]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1482,1504]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,629,1460]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,629,1460]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 20. Map of northern Brazil showing records of Amphidraus caxiuanan and A. manauara. White lines represent the borders of Brazilian states. Map modified from Google Earth ®. Blue line between Manaus and Melgaço represents the Amazon River." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2601386/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="468">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
). It is worth mentioning that, if the specimens from Oriximiná and Melgaço are indeed conspecific, this small species of jumping spider occurs in preserved forests on both margins of the old Amazon River, which is between two and eight kilometers wide in that portion of South America. This provides evidence for the high ability of dispersal present in this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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