524 lines
61 KiB
XML
524 lines
61 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="36E905FD2DDFEDEECBEEECCF999CEFBD">A taxonomic revision of the catshark genus Haploblepharus Garman 1913 (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F987B8FFD6FFE3FF54AEFDD63C194A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6240349" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119357785" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6240349" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F987B8FFD6FFE3FF54AEFDD63C194A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F987B8FFD6FFE3FF54AEFDD63C194A" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<paragraph id="8BEF36AEFFD6FFE5FF54AEFDD0581D5C" blockId="3.[151,525,506,532]" box="[151,525,506,532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD6FFE5FF54AEFDD0581D5C" ID-CoL="4TDF" ID-ENA="1003956" authority="Garman 1913" authorityName="Garman" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,525,506,532]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD6FFE5FF54AEFDD0581D5C" bold="true" box="[151,525,506,532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD6FFE5FF54AEFDD30F1D5C" bold="true" box="[151,346,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Haploblepharus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD6FFE5FEA1AEFDD0581D5C" author="Garman" box="[354,525,506,532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" refString="Garman, S. (1913) The Plagiostomia. (Sharks, Skates and Rays). Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Vol. XXXVI, Benthic Press, Los Angeles, California, lxxiii + 515 pp." type="book" year="1913">
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<collectingCountry id="F347763EFFD6FFE5FEA1AEFDD3991D5C" box="[354,460,506,532]" name="Germany" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Garman</collectingCountry>
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1913
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</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34A6525FFD6FFE5FF54AD42D0751D14" box="[151,544,581,604]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BEF36AEFFD6FFE5FF54AD42D0751D14" blockId="3.[151,544,581,604]" box="[151,544,581,604]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB401180FFD6FFE5FF54AD42D0751D14" box="[151,544,581,604]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD6FFE5FF54AD42D0491D14" ID-CoL="4TDF" authority="Garman, 1913: 101" authorityName="Garman" authorityPageNumber="101" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,540,581,604]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD6FFE5FF54AD42D3111D14" box="[151,324,581,604]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Haploblepharus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF110BFFFD6FFE5FE89AD42D0491D14" author="Garman" box="[330,540,581,604]" page="101" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1913">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD6FFE5FE89AD42D3B21D14" author="Garman" box="[330,487,581,604]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" refString="Garman, S. (1913) The Plagiostomia. (Sharks, Skates and Rays). Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Vol. XXXVI, Benthic Press, Los Angeles, California, lxxiii + 515 pp." type="book" year="1913">
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<collectingCountry id="F347763EFFD6FFE5FE89AD42D3F61D14" box="[330,419,581,604]" name="Germany" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Garman</collectingCountry>
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, 1913
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 101
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34A6525FFD6FFE5FF54AD8AD60C1DEF" box="[151,1113,653,679]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BEF36AEFFD6FFE5FF54AD8AD60C1DEF" blockId="3.[151,1436,653,999]" box="[151,1113,653,679]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD6FFE5FF54AD8AD36C1DEF" bold="true" box="[151,313,653,679]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<typeStatus id="54EB880CFFD6FFE5FF54AD8AD2811DEF" box="[151,212,653,679]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD6FFE5FE83AD8AD0FD1DEF" authority="Voigt 1832" authorityName="Voigt" authorityYear="1832" box="[320,680,653,679]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyllium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
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<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD6FFE5FE83AD8AD04A1DEE" box="[320,543,653,678]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Scyllium edwardsii</emphasis>
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Voigt 1832
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD6FFE5FD13AD8AD61E1DEF" authority="Schinz, 1822" authorityName="Schinz" authorityYear="1822" box="[720,1099,653,679]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Squalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
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<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD6FFE5FD13AD8AD1F21DEE" box="[720,935,653,678]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Squalus edwardsii</emphasis>
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Schinz, 1822
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34A6525FFD6FFE2FF06ADB2D6251EBA" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BEF36AEFFD6FFE5FF06ADB2D3551CAF" blockId="3.[151,1436,653,999]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD6FFE5FF06ADB2D3111D87" bold="true" box="[197,324,693,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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See
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD6FFE5FEBFADB2D0651D87" author="Garman" box="[380,560,693,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" refString="Garman, S. (1913) The Plagiostomia. (Sharks, Skates and Rays). Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Vol. XXXVI, Benthic Press, Los Angeles, California, lxxiii + 515 pp." type="book" year="1913">
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<collectingCountry id="F347763EFFD6FFE5FEBFADB2D38F1D87" box="[380,474,693,719]" name="Germany" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Garman</collectingCountry>
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(1913)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD6FFE5FDABADB2D1111D87" author="Compagno" box="[616,836,693,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="37" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, Vol. 4, Part 2, 251 - 655." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Compagno (1984b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD6FFE5FC93ADB2D1D91D87" author="Compagno" box="[848,908,693,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="37" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1988) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes, 1 st Reprint (2003), The Blackburn Press, Caldwell, New Jersey, xii + 572 pp." type="book" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
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) for a comprehensive diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD6FFE5FAE6ADB2D2BD1DBE" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD6FFE5FAE6ADB2D2BD1DBE" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Haploblepharus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD6FFE5FF35ADDAD3E01DBE" box="[246,437,733,758]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD6FFE5FF35ADDAD3E01DBE" box="[246,437,733,758]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Haploblepharus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sharks are slender catsharks, with a long caudal peduncle and fin; distinguished from other southern African scyliorhinids by the expansion and fusion of the anterior nasal lobes into a flap that is united across the ventral midline, extends to the upper labium, and partially overlaps it in some cases, covering the excurrent nasal apertures; small separate symphyseal (basimandibular) cartilage present in lower jaw; sexual dimorphism not apparent. There is a high degree of morphological conservation between species within the genus. The sizes of
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<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD6FFE5FE3DACA2D0E91CF6" box="[510,700,933,958]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD6FFE5FE3DACA2D0E91CF6" box="[510,700,933,958]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Haploblepharus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species, by sex, and for different maturity stages are shown in
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<figureCitation id="136B2A2BFFD6FFE5FF54ACCAD2A91CAF" box="[151,252,973,999]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1991,2015]" captionTargetBox="[195,1372,1050,1964]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[195,1378,1031,1976]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Total length at different stages of maturity for the species of Haploblepharus, for both sexes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176250/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF2F6626FFD6FFE5FF54A8C0D6A81896" box="[151,1277,1991,2015]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176250/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[195,1372,1050,1964]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8BEF36AEFFD6FFE5FF54A8C0D6A81896" blockId="3.[151,1277,1991,2015]" box="[151,1277,1991,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD6FFE5FF54A8C0D34C1897" bold="true" box="[151,281,1991,2015]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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Total length at different stages of maturity for the species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD6FFE5FC66A8C0D6071896" box="[933,1106,1991,2014]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD6FFE5FC66A8C0D6071896" box="[933,1106,1991,2014]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Haploblepharus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, for both sexes.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BEF36AEFFD1FFE2FF06AF90D6251EBA" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FF06AF90D3C71FF9" bold="true" box="[197,402,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Common name.</emphasis>
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These sharks are normally referred to in the literature as shysharks (Afrikaans – skaamoog), due to their behaviour of covering their eyes with their tails when threatened, however this behaviour is common to
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<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FEBCAFEFD06B1E49" box="[383,574,232,257]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FEBCAFEFD06B1E49" box="[383,574,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Haploblepharus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FDBFAFEFD1551E49" box="[636,768,232,257]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Poroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FDBFAFEFD1551E49" box="[636,768,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Poroderma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Furthermore, the general public, including the angling and SCUBA diving communities, often refer to these sharks as doughnuts, again because of their behaviour when threatened. The term shyshark is used for all members of this genus and the term doughnut is used for both
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<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FF10AE67D3C71E31" box="[211,402,352,377]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FF10AE67D3C71E31" box="[211,402,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Haploblepharus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FE0EAE67D0041E31" box="[461,593,352,377]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Poroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FE0EAE67D0041E31" box="[461,593,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Poroderma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in southern Africa (pers. obs.). Such common names have confounded catch data from both commercial and recreational fishermen, particularly among the latter. In an effort to give the members of this genus common names that will be easily remembered by the general public,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD1FFE2FB3DAEB7D3171EBA" author="Compagno" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. & Human, B. A. (2003) Checklist of chondrichthyans for the subequatorial African region, Atlantic, Indian, and Antarctic Oceans. SRC Technical Report, SRC 20030718, 43 pp." type="book" year="2003">
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Compagno &
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<collectingCountry id="F347763EFFD1FFE2FF54AEDFD2BB1EBA" box="[151,238,472,498]" name="Oman" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Human</collectingCountry>
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(2003)
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</bibRefCitation>
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introduced the name happy sharks, an allusion to their generic name.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34A6525FFD1FFE2FF06AEF8D1C61B3A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BEF36AEFFD1FFE2FF06AEF8D33D1C9A" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FF06AEF8D36B1D51" bold="true" box="[197,318,511,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The fusion of the anterior nasal flaps in
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<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FC9FAD07D64F1D51" box="[860,1050,512,537]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FC9FAD07D64F1D51" box="[860,1050,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Haploblepharus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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is unique to southern African scyliorhinids (not all scyliorhinids as stated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD1FFE2FD19AD2FD1F81D0A" author="Bass" box="[730,941,552,578]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" refString="Bass, A J., D'Aubrey, J D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975) Sharks of the East Coast of Southern Africa. II. The Families Scyliorhinidae and Pseudotriakidae. Investigational Report of the Oceanographic Research Institute, 37, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1975">
|
||
Bass
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FCDFAD2FD1011D09" box="[796,852,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1975
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Elsewhere within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FB0DAD2FD7291D0A" box="[1230,1404,552,578]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Scyliorhinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it occurs in the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FE4FAD57D0B11D22" authority="Garman, 1913" authorityName="Garman" authorityYear="1913" box="[396,740,592,618]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Atelomycterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FE4FAD57D0611D21" box="[396,564,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Atelomycterus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD1FFE2FDF8AD57D0B11D22" author="Garman" box="[571,740,592,618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" refString="Garman, S. (1913) The Plagiostomia. (Sharks, Skates and Rays). Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Vol. XXXVI, Benthic Press, Los Angeles, California, lxxiii + 515 pp." type="book" year="1913">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347763EFFD1FFE2FDF8AD57D0C91D22" box="[571,668,592,618]" name="Germany" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Garman</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 1913
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Indo-West Pacific), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FBD0AD57D6F01D21" box="[1043,1189,592,617]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FBD0AD57D6F01D21" box="[1043,1189,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Scyliorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FB16AD57D3651DDA" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canicula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FB16AD57D7021D21" box="[1237,1367,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. canicula</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Europe and Atlantic north Africa;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FD12AD7FD61E1DDA" authority="Compagno, 1988" authorityName="Compagno" authorityYear="1988" box="[721,1099,632,658]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="comoroenis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FD12AD7FD1221DD9" box="[721,887,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. comoroenis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD1FFE2FCBDAD7FD61E1DDA" author="Compagno" box="[894,1099,632,658]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1988) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes, 1 st Reprint (2003), The Blackburn Press, Caldwell, New Jersey, xii + 572 pp." type="book" year="1988">Compagno, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, tropical west Indian Ocean; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FF09ADA7D05D1DF2" authority="Fowler, 1934" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1934" box="[202,520,672,698]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FF09ADA7D3191DF1" box="[202,332,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. garmani</emphasis>
|
||
(Fowler, 1934)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Indo-West Pacific]. Other sharks in southern African waters that have fused anterior nasal flaps are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FE6FADCFD6411DAA" authority="Boulenger, 1902" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1902" box="[428,1044,712,738]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Triakidae" genus="Scylliogaleus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quecketti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FE6FADCFD0EE1DA9" box="[428,699,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Scylliogaleus quecketti</emphasis>
|
||
Boulenger, 1902 (Triakidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FB97ADCFD0521C42" authority="Hermann, 1783" authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1783" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Stegostomatidae" genus="Stegostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orectolobiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fasciatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FB97ADCFD7011DA9" box="[1108,1364,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Stegostoma fasciatum</emphasis>
|
||
(Hermann, 1783) (Stegostomatidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD1FFE2FDD5ADF7D0A61C42" author="Compagno" box="[534,755,752,778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, Vol. 4, Part 2, 251 - 655." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Compagno, 1984b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD1FFE2FD3CADF7D1691C42" author="Compagno" box="[767,828,752,778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1988) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes, 1 st Reprint (2003), The Blackburn Press, Caldwell, New Jersey, xii + 572 pp." type="book" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD1FFE2FC8AADF7D1D21C42" author="Compagno" box="[841,903,752,778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (2001) Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. Volume 2. Bullhead, Mackerel and Carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 1, Vol. 2., Rome, 269 pp." type="book" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Compagno
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FBD8ADF7D61B1C41" box="[1051,1102,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1989, 2005).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD1FFE2FAC3ADF7D7C81C42" author="Smith" box="[1280,1437,752,778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" refString="Smith, A. (1837) Revision of the groups included in the Linnean genus Squalus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1837 (5), 85 - 86." type="journal article" year="1837">Smith (1837)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FF29AC1FD3D51C79" box="[234,384,792,817]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Squalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FF29AC1FD3D51C79" box="[234,384,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">H. edwardsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FDD8AC1FD0231C79" box="[539,630,792,817]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Catulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FDD8AC1FD0231C79" box="[539,630,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Catulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(attributed to Willoughby by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD1FFE2FC12AC1FD6371C7A" author="Smith" box="[977,1122,792,818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" refString="Smith, A. (1837) Revision of the groups included in the Linnean genus Squalus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1837 (5), 85 - 86." type="journal article" year="1837">Smith, 1837</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) along with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FB37AC1FD3BD1C12" authority="Bennett, 1830" authorityName="Bennett" authorityYear="1830" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Atelomycterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FB37AC1FD3731C11" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Atelomycterus marmoratus</emphasis>
|
||
(Bennett, 1830)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FDE7AC47D1AD1C12" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[548,1016,832,858]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Scyliorhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canicula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FDE7AC47D1761C11" box="[548,803,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Scyliorhinus canicula</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and may have based this grouping on the fused anterior nasal flaps.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD1FFE2FDDEAC6FD0871CCA" author="Garman" box="[541,722,872,898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="38" refString="Garman, S. (1913) The Plagiostomia. (Sharks, Skates and Rays). Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Vol. XXXVI, Benthic Press, Los Angeles, California, lxxiii + 515 pp." type="book" year="1913">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347763EFFD1FFE2FDDEAC6FD02E1CCA" box="[541,635,872,898]" name="Germany" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Garman</collectingCountry>
|
||
(1913)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FC92AC6FD65A1CC9" box="[849,1039,872,897]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FC92AC6FD65A1CC9" box="[849,1039,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Haploblepharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as lacking posterior nasal valves, this is incorrect, as the excurrent nasal apertures are hidden by the fused anterior nasal flap and are obvious once this is lifted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEF36AEFFD1FFE2FF06ACE7D1C61B3A" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The presence of a small cartilage at the symphysis of the lower jaw (basimandibular) was first described and figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD1FFE2FE8BAB0FD0431B6A" box="[328,534,1032,1058]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" refString="Bass, A J., D'Aubrey, J D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975) Sharks of the East Coast of Southern Africa. II. The Families Scyliorhinidae and Pseudotriakidae. Investigational Report of the Oceanographic Research Institute, 37, 1 - 64." type="journal article">
|
||
Bass
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FE45AB0FD3EC1B69" box="[390,441,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1975)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and they suggest that the extra cartilage strengthens the jaw at the symphysis with the compromise of reduced jaw mobility. The presence of the basimandibular is an autapomorphic character of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FF34AB5FD3E31B39" box="[247,438,1112,1137]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FF34AB5FD3E31B39" box="[247,438,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Haploblepharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD1FFE2FE07AB5FD0C61B3A" author="Compagno" box="[452,659,1112,1138]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1988) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes, 1 st Reprint (2003), The Blackburn Press, Caldwell, New Jersey, xii + 572 pp." type="book" year="1988">Compagno, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347763EFFD1FFE2FD63AB5FD0A31B3A" box="[672,758,1112,1138]" name="Oman" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Human</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FD3EAB5FD1641B39" box="[765,817,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2006).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34A6525FFD1FFE2FF06AB87D3951932" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEF36AEFFD1FFE2FF06AB87D7041A5A" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FF06AB87D3D61BD1" ID-CoL="4TDF" box="[197,387,1152,1177]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FF06AB87D3D61BD1" box="[197,387,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Haploblepharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sharks are generally common to abundant, and are regularly taken on hook and line by commercial and recreational anglers, and as bycatch in demersal trawls (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD1FFE2FBC8ABAFD7361B8A" author="Compagno" box="[1035,1379,1192,1218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1988) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes, 1 st Reprint (2003), The Blackburn Press, Caldwell, New Jersey, xii + 572 pp." type="book" year="1988">Compagno, 1988; pers. obs.</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As with other scyliorhinids,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FE78ABD7D02F1BA1" ID-CoL="4TDF" box="[443,634,1232,1257]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FE78ABD7D02F1BA1" box="[443,634,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Haploblepharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sharks are considered pests. Despite this,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD1FFE2FBA5ABD7D7751BA2" author="Springer" box="[1126,1312,1232,1258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" refString="Springer, S. (1979) A revision of the catsharks, Family Scyliorhinidae. NOAA Technical Report NMFS Circular, 422, 1 - 152." type="journal article" year="1979">Springer (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
states that this group of sharks are poorly known, and museum specimens outside of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347763EFFD1FFE2FC3FABFFD6C61A5A" box="[1020,1171,1272,1298]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
are uncommon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEF36AEFFD1FFE2FF06AA27D3951932" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
A factor that may have previously inhibited research on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FCAFAA27D67F1A71" ID-CoL="4TDF" box="[876,1066,1312,1337]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FCAFAA27D67F1A71" box="[876,1066,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Haploblepharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is the difficulty in identifying these sharks to species, as they are morphologically conserved and most identification keys have used colour patterns to differentiate the species. As demonstrated in the current study, colour pattern is variable to highly variable in some of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FE6FAA9FD03F1AF9" ID-CoL="4TDF" box="[428,618,1432,1457]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FE6FAA9FD03F1AF9" box="[428,618,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Haploblepharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, and the use of colour alone will inevitably lead to misidentification of some specimens. Another problem with identification keys currently available for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FB1EAAC7D7CE1A91" ID-CoL="4TDF" box="[1245,1435,1472,1497]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FB1EAAC7D7CE1A91" box="[1245,1435,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Haploblepharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the use of fin position (first dorsal fin relative to pelvic fin) for species identification, which also proves to be non-diagnostic. The author speculates that some hybridisation may also be occurring between the species, as some specimens are particularly difficult to classify, sharing morphological and/or colour patterns of different
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FF01A967D3D51931" ID-CoL="4TDF" box="[194,384,1632,1657]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FF01A967D3D51931" box="[194,384,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Haploblepharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34A6525FFD1FFE3FF06A98FD2B81E1A" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEF36AEFFD1FFE2FF06A98FD6C018DA" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The juveniles of most of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FDDFA98FD08E19E9" box="[540,731,1672,1697]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FDDFA98FD08E19E9" box="[540,731,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Haploblepharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are elusive, with poor representation in collections. The author speculates that this could be due to a period of rapid growth from time of hatching to late adolescence. If juveniles are collected, it should be considered a priority to collect a genetic sample before preserving the specimen, as there is still considerable confusion as to the identity of some juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FB1EA807D7CE1851" box="[1245,1435,1792,1817]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FB1EA807D7CE1851" box="[1245,1435,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Haploblepharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens. The collection of genetic material may also shed light on the ontogenetic segregation apparent in some species (see Distribution, below). Genetic samples are also needed for adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FBA9A857D74C1821" box="[1130,1305,1872,1897]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kistnasamyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FBA9A857D74C1821" box="[1130,1305,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">H. kistnasamyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A genetic study of this genus at the species and population level is needed to resolve these issues.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEF36AEFFD1FFE2FF06A8A7D1DB18AA" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD1FFE2FF06A8A7D3D618F1" box="[197,387,1952,1977]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD1FFE2FF06A8A7D3D618F1" box="[197,387,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Haploblepharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sharks occurring in the Eastern Cape and kwaZulu-Natal require a great deal more research in order to determine their basic life history parameters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEF36AEFFD0FFE3FF06AF9FD2B81E1A" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1538]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
As determined by the current study,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FD46AF9FD1111FF9" box="[645,836,152,177]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FD46AF9FD1111FF9" box="[645,836,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Haploblepharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains four valid taxa. These are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FAC1AF9FD31E1F92" authority="Schinz, 1822" authorityName="Schinz" authorityYear="1822" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Squalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FAC1AF9FD7C91FF9" box="[1282,1436,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. edwardsii</emphasis>
|
||
(Schinz, 1822)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FE98AFC7D0A91F92" authority="Muller & Henle, 1838" authorityName="Muller & Henle" authorityYear="1838" box="[347,764,192,218]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FE98AFC7D39C1F91" box="[347,457,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. pictus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD0FFE3FE1FAFC7D0A71F92" author="Muller" box="[476,754,192,218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="39" refString="Muller, J. & Henle, J. (1838 - 1841) Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen, Verlag von Veitund Comp., Berlin. xxii + 1 - 28 (1838), 27 - 28 (reset) & 29 - 102 (1839), 103 - 204 (1841)." type="journal article" year="1838">Müller & Henle, 1838</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FCCFAFC7D64A1F92" authority="Smith, 1950" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1950" box="[780,1055,192,218]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FCCFAFC7D1281F91" box="[780,893,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD0FFE3FC4AAFC7D64A1F92" author="Smith" box="[905,1055,192,218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="39" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1950) A new dogfish from South Africa, with notes on other Chondrichthyan fishes. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 12, 3 (34), 878 - 887." type="journal article" year="1950">Smith, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FBA6AFC7D33D1E4A" authority="Human & Compagno, 2006" authorityName="Human & Compagno" authorityYear="2006" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kistnasamyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FBA6AFC7D7421F91" box="[1125,1303,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. kistnasamyi</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347763EFFD0FFE3FAE0AFC7D72C1F92" box="[1315,1401,192,218]" name="Oman" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Human</collectingCountry>
|
||
& Compagno, 2006
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Due to the tentative placement of some juvenile specimens in nearly all of the species groups, the species identification key (below) is based on
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EB880CFFD0FFE3FCFDAE17D1241E62" box="[830,881,272,298]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material and mature specimens (maturity stage 4 or 5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34A6525FFD0FFE3FF06AE58D6D51E82" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEF36AEFFD0FFE3FF06AE58D6D51E82" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1538]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FF06AE58D3041E31" bold="true" box="[197,337,351,377]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Although not specified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD0FFE3FD53AE67D1121E32" author="Garman" box="[656,839,352,378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" refString="Garman, S. (1913) The Plagiostomia. (Sharks, Skates and Rays). Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Vol. XXXVI, Benthic Press, Los Angeles, California, lxxiii + 515 pp." type="book" year="1913">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347763EFFD0FFE3FD53AE67D0BB1E32" box="[656,750,352,378]" name="Germany" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Garman</collectingCountry>
|
||
(1913)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, it is assumed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FBE7AE67D6B71E31" box="[1060,1250,352,377]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FBE7AE67D6B71E31" box="[1060,1250,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Haploblepharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is derived from the Greek words
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FEA6AE8FD3E61EE9" box="[357,435,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">haplos</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning single or simple, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FCF7AE8FD1FE1EE9" box="[820,939,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">blepharon</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning eyelid, and refers to the simple structure of the lower eyelid that can close against the upper eyelid to protect the eye.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34A6525FFD0FFE3FF06AED0D01C1D22" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEF36AEFFD0FFE3FF06AED0D01C1D22" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1538]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FF06AED0D3301EB9" bold="true" box="[197,357,471,497]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FEB2AEDFD0651EB9" box="[369,560,472,497]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FEB2AEDFD0651EB9" box="[369,560,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Haploblepharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are rare to abundant, and are present in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347763EFFD0FFE3FAC2AEDFD7331EBA" box="[1281,1382,472,498]" name="Namibia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347763EFFD0FFE3FF54AD07D36D1D52" box="[151,312,512,538]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. They also demonstrate habitat preferences, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FC58AD07D66D1D51" box="[923,1080,512,537]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Squalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squaliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FC58AD07D66D1D51" box="[923,1080,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. edwardsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
apparently exploits different niches either side of Cape Agulhas, by occurring at different depths, possibly to avoid competition with other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FF54AD57D3031D21" box="[151,342,592,617]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FF54AD57D3031D21" box="[151,342,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Haploblepharus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Eastern Cape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34A6525FFD0FFE3FF06AD7FD7611A5A" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEF36AEFFD0FFE3FF06AD7FD14E1B02" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1538]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FF06AD7FD3A81DD9" ID-CoL="3JL86" box="[197,509,632,657]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FF06AD7FD3A81DD9" box="[197,509,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Haploblepharus edwardsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is abundant close inshore in the Western Cape, certainly west of Cape Agulhas, whereas it appears to prefer deeper water east of Cape Agulhas (see species account below).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD0FFE3FB3DADA7D7C91DF2" author="Smith" box="[1278,1436,672,698]" pageId="5" pageNumber="39" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1950) A new dogfish from South Africa, with notes on other Chondrichthyan fishes. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 12, 3 (34), 878 - 887." type="journal article" year="1950">Smith (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
commented that he had not known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FD89ADCFD0B61DA9" ID-CoL="3JL86" box="[586,739,712,737]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FD89ADCFD0B61DA9" box="[586,739,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. edwardsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be caught from the shore (in reference to the Eastern Cape), whereas they are easily observed when diving from the shore in the Western Cape (pers. obs.). The deeper habit of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FE97AC1FD3BE1C79" ID-CoL="3JL86" box="[340,491,792,817]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FE97AC1FD3BE1C79" box="[340,491,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. edwardsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Eastern Cape has also been noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD0FFE3FBC0AC1FD68C1C7A" box="[1027,1241,792,818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="37" refString="Bass, A J., D'Aubrey, J D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975) Sharks of the East Coast of Southern Africa. II. The Families Scyliorhinidae and Pseudotriakidae. Investigational Report of the Oceanographic Research Institute, 37, 1 - 64." type="journal article">
|
||
Bass
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FB80AC1FD62C1C79" box="[1091,1145,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1975)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD0FFE3FAD8AC1FD2B91C12" author="Compagno" pageId="5" pageNumber="37" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, Vol. 4, Part 2, 251 - 655." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Compagno (1984b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD0FFE3FF3FAC47D36E1C12" author="Compagno" box="[252,315,832,858]" pageId="5" pageNumber="37" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1988) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes, 1 st Reprint (2003), The Blackburn Press, Caldwell, New Jersey, xii + 572 pp." type="book" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This may serve to avoid competition with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FC94AC47D1921C11" ID-CoL="3JL87" box="[855,967,832,857]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FC94AC47D1921C11" box="[855,967,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FBC4AC47D6211C11" ID-CoL="3JL89" box="[1031,1140,832,857]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FBC4AC47D6211C11" box="[1031,1140,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that area (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD0FFE3FADAAC47D2B61CCA" author="Compagno" pageId="5" pageNumber="37" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, Vol. 4, Part 2, 251 - 655." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Compagno 1984b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD0FFE3FF2CAC6FD3781CCA" author="Compagno" box="[239,301,872,898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="37" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1988) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes, 1 st Reprint (2003), The Blackburn Press, Caldwell, New Jersey, xii + 572 pp." type="book" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; current study), however,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FDA2AC6FD0AD1CC9" ID-CoL="3JL86" box="[609,760,872,897]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FDA2AC6FD0AD1CC9" box="[609,760,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. edwardsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not unknown to occur in inshore waters of the Eastern Cape (Buxton
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FE87AC97D32D1CE1" box="[324,376,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1984; Wallace
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FD82AC97D0231CE1" box="[577,630,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1984; current study). The deepest record for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FB62AC97D76C1CE1" ID-CoL="3JL86" box="[1185,1337,912,937]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FB62AC97D76C1CE1" box="[1185,1337,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. edwardsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
verified here is
|
||
<quantity id="4CA89B4BFFD0FFE3FF2FACBFD3621C9A" box="[236,311,952,978]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="111.0">111 m</quantity>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD0FFE3FEB7ACBFD0111C9A" box="[372,580,952,978]" pageId="5" pageNumber="37" refString="Bass, A J., D'Aubrey, J D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975) Sharks of the East Coast of Southern Africa. II. The Families Scyliorhinidae and Pseudotriakidae. Investigational Report of the Oceanographic Research Institute, 37, 1 - 64." type="journal article">
|
||
Bass
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FE70ACBFD3B21C99" box="[435,487,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1975)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
record this species from
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D56FD27FFD0FFE3FCAFACBFD1EB1C9A" box="[876,958,952,978]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CA89B4BFFD0FFE3FCAFACBFD1EF1C9A" box="[876,954,952,978]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="130.0">130 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FC06ACBFD6AB1C99" ID-CoL="3JL86" box="[965,1278,952,977]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FC06ACBFD6AB1C99" box="[965,1278,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Haploblepharus edwardsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is apparently segregated by depth from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FE0AACE7D0631CB1" ID-CoL="3JL87" box="[457,566,992,1017]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FE0AACE7D0631CB1" box="[457,566,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FDB3ACE7D08F1CB1" ID-CoL="3JL89" box="[624,730,992,1017]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FDB3ACE7D08F1CB1" box="[624,730,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Eastern Cape waters, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FBFAACE7D6F31CB1" ID-CoL="3JL87" box="[1081,1190,992,1017]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FBFAACE7D6F31CB1" box="[1081,1190,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FB23ACE7D71F1CB1" ID-CoL="3JL89" box="[1248,1354,992,1017]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FB23ACE7D71F1CB1" box="[1248,1354,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurring at shallower depths than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FE2CAB0FD0D01B69" ID-CoL="3JL86" box="[495,645,1032,1057]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FE2CAB0FD0D01B69" box="[495,645,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. edwardsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which may serve to reduce the amount of competition between the species there (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD0FFE3FEFFAB37D04F1B02" author="Compagno" box="[316,538,1072,1098]" pageId="5" pageNumber="37" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, Vol. 4, Part 2, 251 - 655." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Compagno, 1984b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD0FFE3FDE5AB37D0311B02" author="Compagno" box="[550,612,1072,1098]" pageId="5" pageNumber="37" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1988) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes, 1 st Reprint (2003), The Blackburn Press, Caldwell, New Jersey, xii + 572 pp." type="book" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; current study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEF36AEFFD0FFE3FF06AB5FD7611A5A" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1538]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
An interesting phenomenon that was brought out in the current study was the difficulty encountered in collecting juvenile and adolescent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FDEFAB87D0971BD1" ID-CoL="3JL86" box="[556,706,1152,1177]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="edwardsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FDEFAB87D0971BD1" box="[556,706,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. edwardsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females from False Bay and Table Bay (also noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD0FFE3FA84AB87D2801B8A" author="Dainty" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" refString="Dainty, A. M. (2002) Biology and Ecology of Four Catshark Species in the Southwestern Cape, South Africa, MSc Thesis, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, vii + 108 pp." type="book" year="2002">Dainty, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; A. Bertolini, pers. comm.).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD0FFE3FDE8ABAFD0871B8A" author="Dainty" box="[555,722,1192,1218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" refString="Dainty, A. M. (2002) Biology and Ecology of Four Catshark Species in the Southwestern Cape, South Africa, MSc Thesis, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, vii + 108 pp." type="book" year="2002">Dainty (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had noted the difficulty in obtaining any female specimens. Sex ratios, particularly of juveniles and adolescents, are highly biased towards males, therefore it appears that mature females come to False Bay and Table Bay from elsewhere, this requires further investigation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34A6525FFD0FFE3FF06AA27D63C194A" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEF36AEFFD0FFE3FF06AA27D3E81AC2" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1538]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The juveniles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FE51AA27D0571A71" box="[402,514,1312,1337]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FE51AA27D0571A71" box="[402,514,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are scarce (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC14B5FFFD0FFE3FD56AA27D1301A72" author="Bass" box="[661,869,1312,1338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="37" refString="Bass, A J., D'Aubrey, J D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1975) Sharks of the East Coast of Southern Africa. II. The Families Scyliorhinidae and Pseudotriakidae. Investigational Report of the Oceanographic Research Institute, 37, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1975">
|
||
Bass
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FD1BAA27D15B1A71" box="[728,782,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1975
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; M. J. Smale, pers. comm.; current study), and there appears to be an unknown habitat that is used by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FCD6AA4FD1D71A29" box="[789,898,1352,1377]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FCD6AA4FD1D71A29" box="[789,898,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. fuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for egg laying and where juveniles spend that stage of their life history.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEF36AEFFD0FFE3FF06AA9FD63C194A" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1538]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
If the specimens tentatively assigned here as juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C504D2DFFD0FFE3FC91AA9FD6561AF9" box="[850,1027,1432,1457]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Scyliorhinidae" genus="Haploblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kistnasamyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924EABCFFD0FFE3FC91AA9FD6561AF9" box="[850,1027,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H. kistnasamyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
prove to be accurate (see species account below), then there is also ontogenetic segregation of that species with juveniles occurring in the southern part of their range, and adults occurring in the northern part of their range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |