treatments-xml/data/03/D9/4D/03D94D1BFFD0FFE653C4FE28C6D08FF7.xml

<document id="0322A40D05F6E1A864A58F2AE1B08F78" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3641.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0934da3b-4a76-425c-b481-32fee1b6654a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="223165" ID-ZooBank="8E36BE56-61EA-4FB9-BEF8-BCDA043EA6DE" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460595293200" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Yamamoto, Shûhei &amp; Maruyama, Munetoshi" docDate="2013" docId="03D94D1BFFD0FFE653C4FE28C6D08FF7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03641p222.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3641 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Aleochara (Coprochara) squalithorax Sharp 1888" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="218" masterDocId="FFE03563FFDEFFF75353FF9FC5128D18" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Subgenus Coprochara Mulsant &amp; Rey of the Genus Aleochara Gravenhorst from Japan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)" masterLastPageNumber="222" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="215" updateTime="1698326675319" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="F167651A4B8BAD2246FA612B0CDFE396">Revision of the Subgenus Coprochara Mulsant &amp; Rey of the Genus Aleochara Gravenhorst from Japan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="364674C8E4E8230696336A090989D2A3">Yamamoto, Shûhei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3AC05F0F187961E90A28A36A37BE6092">Maruyama, Munetoshi</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03D94D1BFFD0FFE653C4FE28C6D08FF7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6149275" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119566536" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6149275" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D94D1BFFD0FFE653C4FE28C6D08FF7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D94D1BFFD0FFE653C4FE28C6D08FF7" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
<subSubSection id="C36AAF86FFD0FFF953C4FE28C1998F6D" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCFFC0DFFD0FFF953C4FE28C7EC8CC9" blockId="14.[151,766,439,498]" box="[151,766,439,465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
<heading id="D0874B61FFD0FFF953C4FE28C7EC8CC9" bold="true" box="[151,766,439,465]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFD0FFF953C4FE28C7EC8CC9" ID-CoL="667MF" authority="Sharp, 1888" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,766,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aleochara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squalithorax" subGenus="Coprochara">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFD0FFF953C4FE28C7EC8CC9" bold="true" box="[151,766,439,465]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFD0FFF953C4FE28C4068CC9" bold="true" box="[151,276,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Aleochara</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B904201FFFD0FFF95276FE28C4A48CC9" bold="true" box="[293,438,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Coprochara</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B904201FFFD0FFF95294FE28C7728CC9" bold="true" box="[455,608,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">squalithorax</emphasis>
Sharp, 1888
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCFFC0DFFD0FFF953C4FE45C4E88CEA" blockId="14.[151,766,439,498]" box="[151,506,474,498]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD0FFF953C4FE45C4138CEA" box="[151,257,474,498]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[278,1306,191,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[278,1308,161,1975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara) in habitus. 1. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 2. A. (C.) binotata; 3 – 4. A. (C.) squalithorax: gray type (Fig. 3) and yellow type (Fig. 4)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223166/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Figs. 3, 4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD0FFF9525EFE45C4468CEA" box="[269,340,474,498]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1073,1096]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,194,1036]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,171,1052]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 13. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara). 5 – 7. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 8 – 10. A. (C.) binotata; 11 – 13. A. (C.) squalithorax. (5, 8, 11: elytra; 6, 9, 12: intercoxal process of metaventrite; 7, 10, 13: mesoventrite and metaventrite)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223167/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">11, 13</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD0FFF95233FE45C46C8CEA" box="[352,382,474,498]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 33" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1921,1944]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,217,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[160,1427,193,1900]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 33. Mouth parts of Aleochara (Coprochara) squalithorax of male. 30. labium; 31. maxilla; 32. labrum; 33. mentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223170/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">30</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD0FFF952D9FE45C4BA8CEA" box="[394,424,474,498]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 41" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[241,1387,255,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 41. Terminalia of Aleochara (Coprochara) squalithorax. 34. tergite VIII of male; 35. tergite VIII of female; 36. sternite VIII of male; 37. sternite VIII of female; 38. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view; 39. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view; 40. apical lobe of paramerite, lateral view; 41. female genitalia: spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223171/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">41</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD0FFF952E7FE45C4C18CEA" box="[436,467,474,498]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 43" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1257,1280]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,811,1230]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,807,1235]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 43. Habitats of the subgenus Coprochara of the genus Aleochara in Japan. 93. the summit of Sobo-san (located in boundaries between Ôita and Miyazaki Prefectures; only observed; A. (C.) verna: arrow); 43. Watari (Fukutsu, Fukuoka Prefecture; A. (C.) squalithorax: arrow)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223172/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">43</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD0FFF9528DFE45C4E88CEA" box="[478,506,474,498]" captionStart="FIGURES 44 – 45" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1417,1440]" captionTargetBox="[172,1408,196,1380]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,171,1396]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 44 – 45. Collecting localities of Aleochara (Coprochara) spp. based on specimens examined in Japan. 44. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna (Indicated by red circle) and A. (C.) binotata (Indicated by yellow square); 45. A. (C.) squalithorax (Indicated by blue triangle)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223173/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">45</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCFFC0DFFD0FFF953C4FDBDC1998F6D" blockId="14.[151,1436,546,629]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFD0FFF953C4FDBDC7098F20" box="[151,539,546,568]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aleochara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squalithorax" subGenus="Coprochara">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFD0FFF953C4FDBDC4128F20" box="[151,256,546,568]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Aleochara</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B904201FFFD0FFF95243FDBDC4998F20" box="[272,395,546,568]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Coprochara</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B904201FFFD0FFF952C8FDBDC7098F20" box="[411,539,546,568]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">squalithorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Sharp, 1888: 282 (original description); Adachi, 1957: 34; Naomi, 1989: 280; Assing, 1995: 235; Maus, 1998: 84, 98; Maus &amp; Ashe, 1998 (online); Ahn 
<emphasis id="B904201FFFD0FFF95020FDDDC6B28F4E" box="[883,928,576,599]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">et al</emphasis>
., 2000: 244; Maus 
<emphasis id="B904201FFFD0FFF95735FDDDC1818F4E" box="[1126,1171,576,599]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">et al</emphasis>
., 2001: 206; Park &amp; Ahn, 2004: 196; Smetana, 2004: 356; Frank &amp; Ahn, 2011: 19; Yamamoto &amp; Maruyama, 2012: 5, 11.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AAF86FFD0FFF853C4FD3DC7748AED" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="216" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="B904201FFFD0FFF953C4FD3DC44E8FA2" bold="true" box="[151,348,673,698]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
<typeStatus id="54CB42AFFFD0FFF953C4FD3DC5C08FA2" box="[151,210,674,698]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Type</typeStatus>
specimens.
</emphasis>
[
<emphasis id="B904201FFFD0FFF9523CFD3DC4F78FA2" bold="true" box="[367,485,674,698]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
<typeStatus id="54CB42AFFFD0FFF9523CFD3DC4F78FA2" box="[367,485,674,698]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
]: 3, “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFD0FFF95163FD3DC7B48FA2" box="[560,678,674,698]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aleochara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aleochara</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFD0FFF95191FD3DC65E8FA2" box="[706,844,674,698]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aleochara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squalithorax">squalithorax</taxonomicName>
/ 
<typeStatus id="54CB42AFFFD0FFF9503BFD3CC6B28FA3" box="[872,928,675,699]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Type</typeStatus>
D.S. / Hakodate / Lewis [PC, HW] // 
<typeStatus id="54CB42AFFFD0FFF95637FD3CC08E8FA3" box="[1380,1436,675,699]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Type</typeStatus>
[RRL] // Hakodate. // 
<collectingCountry id="F367BC9DFFD0FFF952C6FD58C4CA8FC6" box="[405,472,711,734]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Japan</collectingCountry>
. / G. Lewis // Sharp Coll. / 1905-313 // 
<typeStatus id="54CB42AFFFD0FFF950F0FD58C10D8FC7" box="[931,1055,711,735]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" type="lectotype">Lectotypus</typeStatus>
/ design. Assing 1994 // Lecto- / 
<typeStatus id="54CB42AFFFD0FFF953C4FD74C5D58E1B" box="[151,199,747,771]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">type</typeStatus>
[PRL]” (abdominal segment VIII-X and aedeagus are dissected and glued on a PC together with the body). 
<typeStatus id="54CB42AFFFD0FFF953C4FC91C42F8E3E" box="[151,317,782,806]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
, 1 Ƥ, 2 sex?, “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFD0FFF9528DFC91C7F78E3E" box="[478,741,782,806]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aleochara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squalithorax">Aleochara squalithorax</taxonomicName>
/ Fauvel. / Hagi. 
<collectingCountry id="F367BC9DFFD0FFF950F4FC90C6F58E3E" box="[935,999,783,806]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Japan</collectingCountry>
[HW] // SYN- / 
<typeStatus id="54CB42AFFFD0FFF957F0FC90C1FB8E3E" box="[1187,1257,783,806]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">TYPE</typeStatus>
[BRL] // 
<collectingCountry id="F367BC9DFFD0FFF95606FC90C08A8E3E" box="[1365,1432,783,806]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Japan</collectingCountry>
. / G. Lewis // Sharp Coll. / 1905-313 // Para- / lecto- / 
<typeStatus id="54CB42AFFFD0FFF951B8FCACC6098E53" box="[747,795,819,843]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">type</typeStatus>
[BRL]” (three specimens are mounted in the same PC).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCFFC0DFFD0FFF85394FCCAC03C8F0E" blockId="14.[151,1437,673,2024]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,2037]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="216" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFD0FFF95394FCCAC4A98E76" bold="true" box="[199,443,853,878]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Materials examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F367BC9DFFD0FFF95292FCC8C7088E77" box="[449,538,855,879]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
: [
<emphasis id="B904201FFFD0FFF9517EFCCAC7B18E76" bold="true" box="[557,675,853,878]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Hokkaidô</emphasis>
]: 6 sex? (GT), 2 sex? (YT), Hamamatsu, Nemuro-shi, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF9565BFCC9C08A8E76" box="[1288,1432,854,878]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="2010-06-14">14. VI. 2010</date>
, S. Yamamoto leg. (from dry seaweed on huge sandy beach; cYam); 2 sex? (GT), Ochiishi, Nemuro-shi, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF9566AFCE6C5C08EAD" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="1999-08-24">24. VIII. 1999</date>
, M. Maruyama leg. (KUM); 55 sex? (GT), Sanriga-hama, Ochiishi, Nemuro-shi, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF95734FC02C1EB8EAD" box="[1127,1273,925,949]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="2010-06-12">12. VI. 2010</date>
, S. Yamamoto leg. (from completely dry seaweed on huge sandy beach; cYam); 19 sex? (GT), Urayakotan, Hamanaka-chô, Akkeshi-gun, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF9526BFC7AC4DE8EE5" box="[312,460,997,1021]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="2010-06-12">12. VI. 2010</date>
, S. Yamamoto leg. (from somewhat wet seaweed on sandy beach; cYam); 1 3 (GT), Zenibako, Otaru-shi, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF952D4FB96C71E8939" box="[391,524,1033,1057]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="1977-05-30">30. V. 1977</date>
, N. Nishikawa leg. (KUM). [
<emphasis id="B904201FFFD0FFF95004FB97C6A68939" bold="true" box="[855,948,1032,1057]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Honshû</emphasis>
]: 4 sex? (GT), Gouya-kaigan, Yotsugouya, Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF95177FBB2C788895D" box="[548,666,1069,1093]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="1996-05-04">4. V. 1996</date>
, K. Haga leg. (under rubbish on sandy beach; cHaga); 13 sex? (GT), Kanayama, Teradomari, Nagaoka-shi, Niigata-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF9518AFBCFC65D8970" box="[729,847,1104,1128]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="2004-05-03">3. V. 2004</date>
, M. Nishikawa leg. (KUM); 2 sex? (GT), Uchinadamachi, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF95167FBEBC7DE8994" box="[564,716,1140,1164]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="1961-06-15">15. VI. 1961</date>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F367BC9DFFD0FFF9518FFBEAC7E28994" box="[732,752,1141,1164]" name="Italy" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Y</collectingCountry>
. Hayashi leg. (cHay); 1 sex? (GT), Awagasaki, Uchinadamachi, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF95162FB07C7A989A8" box="[561,699,1176,1200]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="1948-05-12">12. V. 1948</date>
, S. Takaba leg. (cHay); 1 Ƥ (GT), 1 sex? (GT), Hasaki-kaigan, Kamisu-shi, Ibaraki-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF952E6FB23C72F89CC" box="[437,573,1212,1236]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="2009-10-13">13. X. 2009</date>
, H. Ono leg. (sandy beach; cOno); 1 3 (GT), 2 ƤƤ (GT), 1 sex? (GT), same data, but 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF95253FB40C49B89EF" box="[256,393,1247,1271]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="2009-10-19">19. X. 2009</date>
; 2 3 (GT), 3 ƤƤ (GT), 1 sex? (GT), same data, but 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF950A2FB40C16889EF" box="[1009,1146,1247,1271]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="2009-10-29">29. X. 2009</date>
; 1 3 (GT), 2 ƤƤ (GT), 5 sex? (GT), Ôami, Chiba-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF952B4FA9CC74C8803" box="[487,606,1283,1307]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="1990-05-01">1. V. 1990</date>
, M. Ôhara leg. (KUM); 2 3 (GT), 4 3 (YT), 3 ƤƤ (GT), 1Ƥ (YT), 7 sex? (GT), river mouth of Ichinomiya-gawa, Hitotsumatsu, Chôsei-mura, Chôsei-gun, Chiba-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF957A0FAB8C06B8827" box="[1267,1401,1319,1343]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="1993-05-16">16. V. 1993</date>
, T. Takeda leg. (KUM); 2 sex? (GT), Ôhara-kaigan, Ôhara, Isumi-shi, Chiba-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF95754FAD4C198887B" box="[1031,1162,1355,1379]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="1992-05-30">30. V. 1992</date>
, H. Oda leg. (KUM); 13 sex? (GT), 2 sex? (YT), Hebara, Katsuura-shi, Chiba-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF95074FAF0C6BB889F" box="[807,937,1391,1415]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="1991-05-12">12. V. 1991</date>
, T. Takeda leg. (KUM); 2 3 (YT), 20 sex? (GT), 15 sex? (YT), Katsuura, Katsuura-shi, Chiba-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF95074FA0DC6B088B2" box="[807,930,1426,1450]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="1990-05-04">4. V. 1990</date>
, T. Takeda leg. (KUM); 1 Ƥ (YT), 10 sex? (GT), Ubara, Katsuura-shi, Chiba-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF95100FA29C7C688D6" box="[595,724,1462,1486]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="1993-04-06">6. IV. 1993</date>
, T. Takeda leg. (KUM); 1 3 (GT), Heisaura, Sakai, Tateyamashi, Chiba-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF9521DFA45C4E588EA" box="[334,503,1498,1522]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="1993-08-13">13. VIII. 1993</date>
, T. Takeda leg. (KUM); 1 3 (YT), 1 Ƥ (GT), 18 sex? (GT), 5 sex? (YT), same locality, but 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF95276FA61C4BA8B0E" box="[293,424,1534,1558]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="1997-04-01">1. IV. 1997</date>
, M. Maruyama leg. (KUM); 1 sex? (GT), Shinmaiko-kaigan, Yawata, Futtsu-shi, Chibaken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF9539EF9BEC4498B21" box="[205,347,1569,1593]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="1995-06-11">11. VI. 1995</date>
, K. Emoto leg. (cWat); 1 sex? (GT), Arasaki, Nagai, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF9565BF9BEC08A8B21" box="[1288,1432,1569,1593]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="2009-06-12">12. VI. 2009</date>
, T. Watanabe leg. (cWat); 6 sex? (GT), Hayama-machi, Miura-gun, Kanagawa-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF9570DF9DAC1E78B45" box="[1118,1269,1605,1629]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="1954-03-28">28. III. 1954</date>
, R. Kiryû leg. (SCM); 1 3 (GT), Yuiga-hama, Kamakura-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF95030F9F6C6F48B99" box="[867,998,1641,1665]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="1976-09-05">5. IX. 1976</date>
, Niizato leg. (without collector’s given name; KUM); 4 sex? (GT), Shichiriga-hama, Kamakura-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF950AAF912C1968BBD" box="[1017,1156,1677,1701]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="1991-04-20">20. IV. 1991</date>
, K. Haga leg. (cHaga); 1 sex? (GT), same locality, but 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF952A7F92EC7638BD1" box="[500,625,1713,1737]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="1991-05-06">6. V. 1991</date>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F367BC9DFFD0FFF9512CF92DC7818BD1" box="[639,659,1714,1737]" name="Italy" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Y</collectingCountry>
. Ueda leg. (cWat); 1 3 (GT), Tujidô-kaigan, Tujidô, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF9521DF94BC4C78BF4" box="[334,469,1748,1772]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="1986-05-31">31. V. 1986</date>
, T. Watanabe leg. (under seaweed cast on shore; cWat); 1 Ƥ (GT), Tujidô, Fujisawashi, Kanagawa-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF952D1F967C4EC8A08" box="[386,510,1784,1808]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="1995-05-03">3. V. 1995</date>
, T. Watanabe leg. (under seaweed cast on shore; cWat); 14 sex? (GT), Shônankaigan, Kanagawa-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF952FFF883C72D8A2C" box="[428,575,1820,1844]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="1976-07-02">2. VII. 1976</date>
, Niizato leg. (without collector’s given name; KUM); 8 sex? (GT), Shirahama, Shirahama, Shimoda-shi, Shizuoka-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF951FAF8DFC6248A40" box="[681,822,1856,1880]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="1989-03-13">13. III. 1989</date>
, H. Oda leg. (KUM); 1 3 (GT), Mihama, Maizuru-shi, Kyôto-fu, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF9525FF8FBC4908A64" box="[268,386,1892,1916]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="1980-05-03">3. V. 1980</date>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F367BC9DFFD0FFF952DDF8FAC4B08A64" box="[398,418,1893,1916]" name="Italy" pageId="14" pageNumber="215">Y</collectingCountry>
. Hayashi leg. (cHay); 1 sex? (GT), Kanzaki-kaisuiyokujô swimming beach, Nishikanzaki, Maizuru-shi, Kyôto-fu, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF952FAF818C73C8A87" box="[425,558,1927,1951]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="2000-04-02">2. IV. 2000</date>
, M. Yoshii leg. (cHay); 4 sex? (GT), Amino-chô-hamazume, Kyôtango-shi, Kyôto-fu, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF95240F834C4B48ADB" box="[275,422,1963,1987]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="2000-05-21">21. V. 2000</date>
, K. Yasukawa leg. (cHay); 4 sex? (GT), 1 sex? (YT), Kumihama-chô-minatomiya, Kyôtango-shi, Kyôto-fu, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD0FFF952E4F850C75B8AFF" box="[439,585,1999,2023]" pageId="14" pageNumber="215" value="2000-04-17">17. IV. 2000</date>
, H. Nagata (Osada?) leg. (cHay); 1 3 (GT), Koura-kaigan, Kashima-chô, Matsue-shi, Shimane-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD1FFF85291FF08C7488DB7" box="[450,602,151,175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" value="2010-07-17">17. VII. 2010</date>
, S. Yamamoto leg. (under dry flotsam on sandy beach; cYam); 1 3 (GT), 1 Ƥ (GT), 5 sex? (GT), Taki-chô, Hikawa-gun, Shimane-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD1FFF85065FF24C6AA8DCB" box="[822,952,187,211]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" value="1980-06-02">2. VI. 1980</date>
, S.-I. Naomi leg. (KUM). [
<emphasis id="B904201FFFD1FFF857BBFF24C0578DCC" bold="true" box="[1256,1349,187,212]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Kyûshû</emphasis>
]: 5 3 (GT), 1 3 (YT), 2 ƤƤ (GT), 1 Ƥ (YT), 122 sex? (GT), 17 sex? (YT), Watari, Fukutsu-shi, Fukuoka-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD1FFF8561CFF40C5C08C03" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" value="2012-04-21">21. IV. 2012</date>
, S. Yamamoto, M. Maruyama, T. Kanao leg. (from dry to wet seaweed on huge sandy beach; KUM); 5 sex? (GT), 3 sex? (YT), Watari, Fukutsu-shi, Fukuoka-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD1FFF8505AFEB8C6888C27" box="[777,922,295,319]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" value="2012-04-21">21. IV. 2012</date>
, S. Yamamoto, M. Maruyama, T. Kanao leg. (from dry to wet seaweed on small sandy beach; KUM); 1 3 (YT), 1 Ƥ (YT), 4 sex? (GT), 1 sex? (YT), Mitoma, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD1FFF85108FEF1C7CE8C9E" box="[603,732,366,390]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" value="2001-06-03">3. VI. 2001</date>
, S. Ogata leg. (KUM); 2 sex? (GT), Katsuma (Shikano-shima), Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD1FFF8513AFE0DC7ED8CB2" box="[617,767,402,426]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" value="2012-03-21">21. III. 2012</date>
, S. Yamamoto leg. (from seaweed on huge sandy beach; cYam); 1 sex? (GT), Karatsu-shi, Saga-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD1FFF851C3FE28C60C8CD6" box="[656,798,438,462]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" value="1975-07-07">7. VII. 1975</date>
, H. Ohishi leg. (KUM); 2 sex? (GT), Minamiôsumi-chô (Sata-misaki), Kimotsuki-gun, Kagoshima-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD1FFF85193FE45C6598CEA" box="[704,843,474,498]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" value="1958-05-28">28. V. 1958</date>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F367BC9DFFD1FFF8500FFE44C6628CEA" box="[860,880,475,498]" name="Italy" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Y</collectingCountry>
. Miyake leg. (cHay); 1 Ƥ (GT), 11 sex? (GT), Nakatane-chô (Tanega-shima), Kumage-gun, Kagoshima-ken, 
<date id="FFCEDACDFFD1FFF85005FE61C6E38F0E" box="[854,1009,510,534]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" value="1996-05-08" valueMax="1996-05-13" valueMin="1996-05-08">8-13. V. 1996</date>
, M. Maruyama leg. (KUM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCFFC0DFFD1FFF85394FDBEC7748AED" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2037]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFD1FFF85394FDBEC4A88F22" bold="true" box="[199,442,545,570]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Redescription. Body</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD1FFF85298FDBEC7288F21" box="[459,570,545,569]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[278,1306,191,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[278,1308,161,1975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara) in habitus. 1. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 2. A. (C.) binotata; 3 – 4. A. (C.) squalithorax: gray type (Fig. 3) and yellow type (Fig. 4)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223166/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
): thick and spindle shaped, especially for small individuals (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD1FFF857B5FDBEC0398F21" box="[1254,1323,545,569]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[278,1306,191,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[278,1308,161,1975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara) in habitus. 1. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 2. A. (C.) binotata; 3 – 4. A. (C.) squalithorax: gray type (Fig. 3) and yellow type (Fig. 4)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223166/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), small to medium sized, ca. 
<quantity id="4C8851E8FFD1FFF85238FDDAC4C28F45" box="[363,464,581,605]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.48" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="3.48">3.48 mm</quantity>
in body length (
<quantity id="4C8851E8FFD1FFF851D9FDDAC6238F45" box="[650,817,581,605]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.485" metricValueMax="3.83" metricValueMin="3.14" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="3.485" valueMax="3.83" valueMin="3.14">3.14–3.83 mm</quantity>
, N = 15), and 
<quantity id="4C8851E8FFD1FFF85085FDDAC1298F45" box="[982,1083,581,605]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="1.88">1.88 mm</quantity>
in fore body length (
<quantity id="4C8851E8FFD1FFF85679FDDAC5D48F99" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.915" metricValueMax="2.15" metricValueMin="1.68" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="1.915" valueMax="2.15" valueMin="1.68">1.68–2.15 mm</quantity>
, N = 15), normally moderate in size; entire body heavily robust; dorsal surface mat; forebody covered with granular microstructures. 
<emphasis id="B904201FFFD1FFF852EEFD13C7108FBD" bold="true" box="[445,514,652,677]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Color</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD1FFF85140FD12C7908FBD" box="[531,642,653,677]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[278,1306,191,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[278,1308,161,1975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara) in habitus. 1. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 2. A. (C.) binotata; 3 – 4. A. (C.) squalithorax: gray type (Fig. 3) and yellow type (Fig. 4)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223166/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD1FFF851C3FD12C7C88FBD" box="[656,730,653,677]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1073,1096]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,194,1036]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,171,1052]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 13. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara). 5 – 7. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 8 – 10. A. (C.) binotata; 11 – 13. A. (C.) squalithorax. (5, 8, 11: elytra; 6, 9, 12: intercoxal process of metaventrite; 7, 10, 13: mesoventrite and metaventrite)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223167/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">11–13</figureCitation>
): ground color gray to blackish brown; legs, especially tarsal segments, and mouth parts dark brown to reddish brown; elytra gray in most cases as 
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD1FFF85732FD2FC1B78FD0" box="[1121,1189,688,712]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[278,1306,191,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[278,1308,161,1975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara) in habitus. 1. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 2. A. (C.) binotata; 3 – 4. A. (C.) squalithorax: gray type (Fig. 3) and yellow type (Fig. 4)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223166/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
, but some individuals with huge yellowish portion except for anterior and lateral margins as 
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD1FFF85087FD4BC10E8FF4" box="[980,1052,724,748]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[278,1306,191,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[278,1308,161,1975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara) in habitus. 1. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 2. A. (C.) binotata; 3 – 4. A. (C.) squalithorax: gray type (Fig. 3) and yellow type (Fig. 4)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223166/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
; antennae reddish brown to dark brown, surface densely pubescent with minute yellowish setae. 
<emphasis id="B904201FFFD1FFF85009FD66C6888E09" bold="true" box="[858,922,761,785]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD1FFF850FAFD67C1048E08" box="[937,1046,760,784]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[278,1306,191,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[278,1308,161,1975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara) in habitus. 1. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 2. A. (C.) binotata; 3 – 4. A. (C.) squalithorax: gray type (Fig. 3) and yellow type (Fig. 4)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223166/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
): circular (head length = 
<quantity id="4C8851E8FFD1FFF8567FFD67C5D18E2C" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="0.49" valueMax="0.56" valueMin="0.42">0.42–0.56 mm</quantity>
(mean = 
<quantity id="4C8851E8FFD1FFF8527DFC83C4848E2C" box="[302,406,796,820]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="0.48">0.48 mm</quantity>
), head width = 
<quantity id="4C8851E8FFD1FFF85110FC83C7F58E2C" box="[579,743,796,820]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="0.51" valueMax="0.56" valueMin="0.46">0.46–0.56 mm</quantity>
(mean = 
<quantity id="4C8851E8FFD1FFF85001FC83C6A88E2C" box="[850,954,796,820]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="0.51">0.51 mm</quantity>
), N = 15), slightly transverse (head width / head length = 1.08 (mean), N = 15), widest at eyes; surface entirely covered with hexagonal reticulations, lacking punctation, but covered with short and thick setae sparsely. 
<emphasis id="B904201FFFD1FFF85021FCFCC6F78E64" bold="true" box="[882,997,867,892]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Antennae</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD1FFF850A8FCFCC1628E63" box="[1019,1136,867,891]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[278,1306,191,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[278,1308,161,1975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara) in habitus. 1. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 2. A. (C.) binotata; 3 – 4. A. (C.) squalithorax: gray type (Fig. 3) and yellow type (Fig. 4)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223166/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
): moniliform, robust and thickened apically, slightly longer than head length (antenna length = 
<quantity id="4C8851E8FFD1FFF850FEFC18C1438E87" box="[941,1105,903,927]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.05" metricValueMax="8.4" metricValueMin="5.699999999999999" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="0.705" valueMax="0.84" valueMin="0.57">0.57–0.84 mm</quantity>
(mean = 
<quantity id="4C8851E8FFD1FFF857EDFC18C0358E87" box="[1214,1319,903,927]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="0.73">0.73 mm</quantity>
), N = 15); segment I, about 2.1 times as long as broad, segment II slightly shorter than I, segment III apparently shorter than II, segments IV to VI more or less spherical, as long as width except for stem of each segment, segment VII moderately wider than long, segments VIII to IX clearly transverse, segment X strongly transverse, segment XI thick and conical, nearly 1.2 times as long as width, as same length as segment I, approximate relative length of segments from basal to apex: 10.5: 10.0: 6.0: 4.5: 4.5: 4.5: 4.5: 4.5: 4.5: 4.5: 10.5. 
<emphasis id="B904201FFFD1FFF8570AFBA4C1E3894B" bold="true" box="[1113,1265,1083,1107]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Mouth parts</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD1FFF85650FBA5C082894A" box="[1283,1424,1082,1106]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 33" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1921,1944]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,217,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[160,1427,193,1900]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 33. Mouth parts of Aleochara (Coprochara) squalithorax of male. 30. labium; 31. maxilla; 32. labrum; 33. mentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223170/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Figs. 30–33</figureCitation>
): mandibles slightly asymmetric, left one with one tooth near apex. Clypeus rounded apically. Labrum (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD1FFF8566CFBC1C086896E" box="[1343,1428,1118,1142]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 33" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1921,1944]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,217,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[160,1427,193,1900]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 33. Mouth parts of Aleochara (Coprochara) squalithorax of male. 30. labium; 31. maxilla; 32. labrum; 33. mentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223170/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
) transverse, about 1.3 times as wide as long, anterior margin slightly emarginated medially, basal half semitransparent, apodeme roundly produced postero-medially; surface with numerous pseudopores scattered randomly in apical part. Ligula (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD1FFF852CBFB56C4FE89F9" box="[408,492,1225,1249]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 33" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1921,1944]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,217,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[160,1427,193,1900]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 33. Mouth parts of Aleochara (Coprochara) squalithorax of male. 30. labium; 31. maxilla; 32. labrum; 33. mentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223170/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
) bilobed, with each lobe rounded apically. Labial palpus (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD1FFF857D8FB56C1CD89F9" box="[1163,1247,1225,1249]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 33" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1921,1944]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,217,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[160,1427,193,1900]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 33. Mouth parts of Aleochara (Coprochara) squalithorax of male. 30. labium; 31. maxilla; 32. labrum; 33. mentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223170/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
) with segment I thicker and longer than II, segment II weakly dialated, segment III shorter than II. Mentum (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD1FFF857B8FB72C053881D" box="[1259,1345,1261,1285]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 33" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1921,1944]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,217,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[160,1427,193,1900]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 33. Mouth parts of Aleochara (Coprochara) squalithorax of male. 30. labium; 31. maxilla; 32. labrum; 33. mentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223170/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
) nearly trapezoidal, much wider than long, about 2.0 times as wide as long; anterior margin strongly emarginated; entire surface with numerous pseudopores scattered randomly. Maxilla (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD1FFF850DBFAAAC6CC8855" box="[904,990,1333,1357]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 33" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1921,1944]" captionTargetBox="[174,1415,217,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[160,1427,193,1900]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 33. Mouth parts of Aleochara (Coprochara) squalithorax of male. 30. labium; 31. maxilla; 32. labrum; 33. mentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223170/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
): maxillary palpus with thick and long segment II and III, segment II as long as III, segment IV short, less than half length of segment III; galea thick and short, clearly shorter than segment II of maxillary palpus; lacinia with numerous setae and with dozens of thick spines pectinately. 
<emphasis id="B904201FFFD1FFF8523EFA3FC4D488A0" bold="true" box="[365,454,1440,1464]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Thorax</emphasis>
: pronotum (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD1FFF85100FA3FC7AD88A0" box="[595,703,1440,1464]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[278,1306,191,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[278,1308,161,1975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara) in habitus. 1. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 2. A. (C.) binotata; 3 – 4. A. (C.) squalithorax: gray type (Fig. 3) and yellow type (Fig. 4)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223166/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
) transverse (pronotum length = 
<quantity id="4C8851E8FFD1FFF8577EFA3FC1C388A0" box="[1069,1233,1440,1464]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.799999999999999" metricValueMax="7.6" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="0.6799999999999999" valueMax="0.76" valueMin="0.6">0.60–0.76 mm</quantity>
(mean 
<quantity id="4C8851E8FFD1FFF85674FA3FC08288A0" box="[1319,1424,1440,1464]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8999999999999995" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="0.69">0.69 mm</quantity>
), pronotum width = 
<quantity id="4C8851E8FFD1FFF8523FFA5BC70288C4" box="[364,528,1476,1500]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.55" metricValueMax="9.399999999999999" metricValueMin="7.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="0.855" valueMax="0.94" valueMin="0.77">0.77–0.94 mm</quantity>
(mean = 
<quantity id="4C8851E8FFD1FFF8512DFA5BC7F588C4" box="[638,743,1476,1500]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="0.88">0.88 mm</quantity>
), pronotum width / pronotum length = 1.27 (mean), N = 15), clearly wider than head (pronotum width / head width = 1.71 (mean), N = 15), widest around basal 1/3, weakly narrowing apically; surface uniformly covered with large hexagonal reticulations, thick-short setae but without distinct punctation; midline longitudinally elevated weakly above, glabrous, lacking punctation. Intercoxal process of mesoventrite (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD1FFF8520BF9CCC4B88B73" box="[344,426,1619,1643]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1073,1096]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,194,1036]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,171,1052]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 13. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara). 5 – 7. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 8 – 10. A. (C.) binotata; 11 – 13. A. (C.) squalithorax. (5, 8, 11: elytra; 6, 9, 12: intercoxal process of metaventrite; 7, 10, 13: mesoventrite and metaventrite)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223167/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) with strongly developed carina along midline. Intercoxal process of metaventrite (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD1FFF85630F9CCC5CC8B97" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1073,1096]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,194,1036]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,171,1052]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 13. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara). 5 – 7. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 8 – 10. A. (C.) binotata; 11 – 13. A. (C.) squalithorax. (5, 8, 11: elytra; 6, 9, 12: intercoxal process of metaventrite; 7, 10, 13: mesoventrite and metaventrite)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223167/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Figs. 12–13</figureCitation>
) narrow and long, apparently pointed apically. Metaventrite (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD1FFF850CBF9E8C6F88B97" box="[920,1002,1655,1679]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1073,1096]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,194,1036]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,171,1052]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 13. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara). 5 – 7. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 8 – 10. A. (C.) binotata; 11 – 13. A. (C.) squalithorax. (5, 8, 11: elytra; 6, 9, 12: intercoxal process of metaventrite; 7, 10, 13: mesoventrite and metaventrite)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223167/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) rough, densely pubescent like elytra. Elytra (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD1FFF853B8F905C4458BAA" box="[235,343,1690,1714]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[278,1306,191,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[278,1308,161,1975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara) in habitus. 1. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 2. A. (C.) binotata; 3 – 4. A. (C.) squalithorax: gray type (Fig. 3) and yellow type (Fig. 4)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223166/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD1FFF85230F905C46C8BAA" box="[355,382,1690,1714]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1073,1096]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,194,1036]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,171,1052]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 13. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara). 5 – 7. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 8 – 10. A. (C.) binotata; 11 – 13. A. (C.) squalithorax. (5, 8, 11: elytra; 6, 9, 12: intercoxal process of metaventrite; 7, 10, 13: mesoventrite and metaventrite)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223167/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">11</figureCitation>
) wider than long (elytra length = 
<quantity id="4C8851E8FFD1FFF851AFF905C68D8BAA" box="[764,927,1690,1714]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.78" valueMin="0.62">0.62–0.78 mm</quantity>
(mean = 
<quantity id="4C8851E8FFD1FFF85758F905C1618BAA" box="[1035,1139,1690,1714]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="0.68">0.68 mm</quantity>
), elytra width = 
<quantity id="4C8851E8FFD1FFF8567FF905C5D18BCE" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.015" metricValueMax="1.13" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="1.015" valueMax="1.13" valueMin="0.9">0.90–1.13 mm</quantity>
(mean = 
<quantity id="4C8851E8FFD1FFF85268F921C4B58BCE" box="[315,423,1726,1750]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="1.04">1.04 mm</quantity>
), N = 15), rugose, moderately covered with yellowish thick and short setae; posterior margins deeply notched laterally (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD1FFF85145F97DC7758BE2" box="[534,615,1762,1786]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1073,1096]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,194,1036]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,171,1052]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 13. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara). 5 – 7. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 8 – 10. A. (C.) binotata; 11 – 13. A. (C.) squalithorax. (5, 8, 11: elytra; 6, 9, 12: intercoxal process of metaventrite; 7, 10, 13: mesoventrite and metaventrite)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223167/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
); [Gray 
<typeStatus id="54CB42AFFFD1FFF85194F97CC7EC8BE3" box="[711,766,1763,1787]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">type</typeStatus>
]: dorsal surface entirely gray, but [Yellow 
<typeStatus id="54CB42AFFFD1FFF85788F97CC0008BE3" box="[1243,1298,1763,1787]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">type</typeStatus>
]: with a pair of large yellowish portions, extending from apical to posterior except for anterior margins and shoulders close to pronotum as well as lateral margins of elytra and elytral suture (posterior margins colored). 
<emphasis id="B904201FFFD1FFF857C8F8B5C1C18A5A" bold="true" box="[1179,1235,1834,1858]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD1FFF857B1F8B5C0428A5A" box="[1250,1360,1834,1858]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[278,1306,191,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[278,1308,161,1975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara) in habitus. 1. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 2. A. (C.) binotata; 3 – 4. A. (C.) squalithorax: gray type (Fig. 3) and yellow type (Fig. 4)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223166/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
): short (hind tibia length = 
<quantity id="4C8851E8FFD1FFF85227F8D2C7048A7D" box="[372,534,1869,1893]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="0.57" valueMax="0.65" valueMin="0.49">0.49–0.65 mm</quantity>
(mean = 
<quantity id="4C8851E8FFD1FFF851D3F8D2C7FA8A7D" box="[640,744,1869,1893]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.699999999999999" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="0.57">0.57 mm</quantity>
), N = 15) and thick, dozens of thick spines on tibia, especially on fore and midtibia; relative lengths of tarsal segments from basal to apical: 5.0: 3.5: 3.5: 3.0: 8.0 in foretarsus, 8.0: 5.0: 5.0: 4.5: 
<quantity id="4C8851E8FFD1FFF85232F80AC4A28AB5" box="[353,432,1941,1965]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.683" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="in" value="14.5">14.5 in</quantity>
midtarsus, 17.5: 10.0: 7.0: 7.0: 
<quantity id="4C8851E8FFD1FFF8504AF80AC67A8AB5" box="[793,872,1941,1965]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.683" pageId="15" pageNumber="216" unit="in" value="14.5">14.5 in</quantity>
hindtarsus. 
<emphasis id="B904201FFFD1FFF850A1F80AC1758AB6" bold="true" box="[1010,1127,1941,1966]" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD1FFF85725F80AC1F78AB5" box="[1142,1253,1941,1965]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[278,1306,191,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[278,1308,161,1975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara) in habitus. 1. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 2. A. (C.) binotata; 3 – 4. A. (C.) squalithorax: gray type (Fig. 3) and yellow type (Fig. 4)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223166/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
): rogose, except for anterior margin of each tergite and posterior margin of tergite VI to VII; tergite VIII (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFD1FFF8572CF826C0148AC9" box="[1151,1286,1977,2001]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 41" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[241,1387,255,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 41. Terminalia of Aleochara (Coprochara) squalithorax. 34. tergite VIII of male; 35. tergite VIII of female; 36. sternite VIII of male; 37. sternite VIII of female; 38. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view; 39. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view; 40. apical lobe of paramerite, lateral view; 41. female genitalia: spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223171/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="216">Figs. 34–35</figureCitation>
) with dozens of thick spines scattered in posterior half.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AAF86FFCEFFE75394FF07C1978FBF" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCFFC0DFFCEFFE75394FF07C7E48C9F" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE75394FF07C4048DA8" bold="true" box="[199,278,152,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
[
<collectingCountry id="F367BC9DFFCEFFE7539DFF07C41D8DA8" box="[206,271,152,176]" name="Malta" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Male</collectingCountry>
]
</emphasis>
: posterior margin of tergite VIII (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFCEFFE751F5FF08C7E98DB7" box="[678,763,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 41" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[241,1387,255,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 41. Terminalia of Aleochara (Coprochara) squalithorax. 34. tergite VIII of male; 35. tergite VIII of female; 36. sternite VIII of male; 37. sternite VIII of female; 38. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view; 39. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view; 40. apical lobe of paramerite, lateral view; 41. female genitalia: spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223171/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
) rounded, with approximately 7 macrosetae on each side. Sternite VIII (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFCEFFE75266FF23C4958DCC" box="[309,391,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 41" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[241,1387,255,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 41. Terminalia of Aleochara (Coprochara) squalithorax. 34. tergite VIII of male; 35. tergite VIII of female; 36. sternite VIII of male; 37. sternite VIII of female; 38. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view; 39. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view; 40. apical lobe of paramerite, lateral view; 41. female genitalia: spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223171/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
) with one macroseta (difficult to identify); posterior margin weakly pointed. Median lobe of aedeagus as in 
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFCEFFE75215FF40C4DD8DEF" box="[326,463,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 41" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[241,1387,255,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 41. Terminalia of Aleochara (Coprochara) squalithorax. 34. tergite VIII of male; 35. tergite VIII of female; 36. sternite VIII of male; 37. sternite VIII of female; 38. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view; 39. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view; 40. apical lobe of paramerite, lateral view; 41. female genitalia: spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223171/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Figs. 38–39</figureCitation>
: compactly elongated and narrowed toward apex; flagellum long, clearly longer than median lobe of aedeagus; sclerite 
<collectingCountry id="F367BC9DFFCEFFE75149FE9AC73C8C04" box="[538,558,261,284]" name="Italy" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Y</collectingCountry>
large; sclerite Z large without attachment at apex; apical lobe in lateral view slightly bent, narrowing subapically, median lobe in ventral view elongated, weakly narrowing toward apex; basal swelling of median lobe large and oval; apical lobe looks short isosceles. Apical lobe of paramerite (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFCEFFE75650FED3C0478C7C" box="[1283,1365,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 41" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[241,1387,255,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 41. Terminalia of Aleochara (Coprochara) squalithorax. 34. tergite VIII of male; 35. tergite VIII of female; 36. sternite VIII of male; 37. sternite VIII of female; 38. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view; 39. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view; 40. apical lobe of paramerite, lateral view; 41. female genitalia: spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223171/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
) short and thick, widest at subapical portion, bearing 4 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCFFC0DFFCEFFE75394FE0BC1978FBF" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE75394FE0BC4228CB4" bold="true" box="[199,304,404,428]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">[Female]</emphasis>
: tergite VIII (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFCEFFE75287FE0BC73A8CB4" box="[468,552,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 41" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[241,1387,255,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 41. Terminalia of Aleochara (Coprochara) squalithorax. 34. tergite VIII of male; 35. tergite VIII of female; 36. sternite VIII of male; 37. sternite VIII of female; 38. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view; 39. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view; 40. apical lobe of paramerite, lateral view; 41. female genitalia: spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223171/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
) with rounded posterior margin like male, with approximately 4 macrosetae. Posterior margin of sternite VIII (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFCEFFE75140FE28C7778CD7" box="[531,613,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 41" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[241,1387,255,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 41. Terminalia of Aleochara (Coprochara) squalithorax. 34. tergite VIII of male; 35. tergite VIII of female; 36. sternite VIII of male; 37. sternite VIII of female; 38. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view; 39. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view; 40. apical lobe of paramerite, lateral view; 41. female genitalia: spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223171/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
) weakly pointed, with one macroseta (difficult to confirm). Spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFCEFFE753CCFE43C5E78CEC" box="[159,245,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 41" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[241,1387,255,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 41. Terminalia of Aleochara (Coprochara) squalithorax. 34. tergite VIII of male; 35. tergite VIII of female; 36. sternite VIII of male; 37. sternite VIII of female; 38. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view; 39. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view; 40. apical lobe of paramerite, lateral view; 41. female genitalia: spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223171/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
): apical invagination of spermatheca tiny and shallow; spermathecal head fused with spermathecal neck; attachment of spermathecal duct prominent; (sn) short, slightly narrowing toward basal portion of spermathecal stem; coiled portion extremely long, composed with countless times of moderately thick coils, not extended laterally, waving toward membranous portion of spermathecal duct; coils directly connected with thick (sm); each part of spermatheca except for (sm) entirely and strongly sclerotized; inner wall of (sh) coarsely and that of (sb) in apical portion also coarsely striate with rough mesh striate in mid to posterior part of (sb).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AAF86FFCEFFE75394FD2CC05B8EF4" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCFFC0DFFCEFFE75394FD2CC0608EDF" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE75394FD2CC4538FD4" bold="true" box="[199,321,691,716]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCEFFE7521FFD2BC74B8FD4" box="[332,601,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aleochara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squalithorax">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE7521FFD2BC74B8FD4" box="[332,601,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Aleochara squalithorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily distinguished from the other 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCEFFE7570DFD2BC1F48FD4" box="[1118,1254,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Coprochara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE7570DFD2BC1F48FD4" box="[1118,1254,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Coprochara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F367BC9DFFCEFFE7564EFD2AC04F8FD4" box="[1309,1373,693,716]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Japan</collectingCountry>
by a combination of the following character states: body thick and spindle shaped; surface mat with granular microstructures, covered with thick and short setae coarsely but without punctation on head and pronotum (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFCEFFE75611FD63C5BA8E2F" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[278,1306,191,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[278,1308,161,1975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara) in habitus. 1. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 2. A. (C.) binotata; 3 – 4. A. (C.) squalithorax: gray type (Fig. 3) and yellow type (Fig. 4)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223166/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Figs. 3– 4</figureCitation>
); pronotum clearly wider than head, without rows of punctures along midline; elytra with posterior margin deeply notched, sometimes with yellowish portion on dorsal surface (YT: 
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFCEFFE750DFFCDBC6CE8E44" box="[908,988,836,860]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[278,1306,191,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[278,1308,161,1975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara) in habitus. 1. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 2. A. (C.) binotata; 3 – 4. A. (C.) squalithorax: gray type (Fig. 3) and yellow type (Fig. 4)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223166/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFCEFFE750BAFCDBC1148E44" box="[1001,1030,836,860]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1073,1096]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,194,1036]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,171,1052]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 13. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara). 5 – 7. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 8 – 10. A. (C.) binotata; 11 – 13. A. (C.) squalithorax. (5, 8, 11: elytra; 6, 9, 12: intercoxal process of metaventrite; 7, 10, 13: mesoventrite and metaventrite)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223167/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">11</figureCitation>
); intercoxal process of metaventrite narrow and sharply pointed apically (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFCEFFE7516BFCF8C7988E67" box="[568,650,871,895]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1073,1096]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,194,1036]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,171,1052]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 13. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara). 5 – 7. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 8 – 10. A. (C.) binotata; 11 – 13. A. (C.) squalithorax. (5, 8, 11: elytra; 6, 9, 12: intercoxal process of metaventrite; 7, 10, 13: mesoventrite and metaventrite)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223167/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
); tergite and sternite VIII with thick spines in posterior half (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFCEFFE75660FCF8C5A58EBC" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 41" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[241,1387,255,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 41. Terminalia of Aleochara (Coprochara) squalithorax. 34. tergite VIII of male; 35. tergite VIII of female; 36. sternite VIII of male; 37. sternite VIII of female; 38. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view; 39. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view; 40. apical lobe of paramerite, lateral view; 41. female genitalia: spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223171/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Figs. 34– 35</figureCitation>
). [
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE75384FC13C4018EBC" bold="true" box="[215,275,908,932]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<collectingCountry id="F367BC9DFFCEFFE75384FC13C4018EBC" box="[215,275,908,932]" name="Malta" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Male</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
]: flagellum long; sclerite Z large without attachment (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFCEFFE750DDFC13C1088EBC" box="[910,1050,908,932]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 41" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[241,1387,255,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 41. Terminalia of Aleochara (Coprochara) squalithorax. 34. tergite VIII of male; 35. tergite VIII of female; 36. sternite VIII of male; 37. sternite VIII of female; 38. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view; 39. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view; 40. apical lobe of paramerite, lateral view; 41. female genitalia: spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223171/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Figs. 38–39</figureCitation>
); apical lobe of paramerite short, thick, without numerous minute setae (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFCEFFE75118FC30C78D8EDF" box="[587,671,943,967]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 41" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[241,1387,255,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 41. Terminalia of Aleochara (Coprochara) squalithorax. 34. tergite VIII of male; 35. tergite VIII of female; 36. sternite VIII of male; 37. sternite VIII of female; 38. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view; 39. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view; 40. apical lobe of paramerite, lateral view; 41. female genitalia: spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223171/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
). [
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE751EFFC2FC6018ED0" bold="true" box="[700,787,944,968]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Female</emphasis>
]: countless coiled portion with spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFCEFFE75642FC30C0778EDF" box="[1297,1381,943,967]" captionStart="FIGURES 34 – 41" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1897,1920]" captionTargetBox="[241,1387,255,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 34 – 41. Terminalia of Aleochara (Coprochara) squalithorax. 34. tergite VIII of male; 35. tergite VIII of female; 36. sternite VIII of male; 37. sternite VIII of female; 38. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view; 39. male genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view; 40. apical lobe of paramerite, lateral view; 41. female genitalia: spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223171/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCFFC0DFFCEFFE75394FC4CC05B8EF4" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2012]" box="[199,1353,979,1004]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE75394FC4CC7CE8EF4" bold="true" box="[199,732,979,1004]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Confirmed distribution by the present study.</emphasis>
[
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE751BFFC4CC6548EF4" bold="true" box="[748,838,979,1004]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<collectingCountry id="F367BC9DFFCEFFE751BFFC4CC6548EF4" box="[748,838,979,1004]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
]: Hokkaidô, Honshû, Kyûshû, Tanega-shima.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AAF86FFCEFFE75394FC68C0538917" box="[199,1345,1015,1040]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCFFC0DFFCEFFE75394FC68C0538917" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2012]" box="[199,1345,1015,1040]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE75394FC68C7558908" bold="true" box="[199,583,1015,1040]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Other localities in the literature.</emphasis>
[
<collectingCountry id="F367BC9DFFCEFFE75104FC68C7F98908" box="[599,747,1015,1040]" name="China" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE75104FC68C7F98908" bold="true" box="[599,747,1015,1040]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">EAST ASIA</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
]: 
<collectingCountry id="F367BC9DFFCEFFE75050FC68C69D8917" box="[771,911,1015,1039]" name="South Korea" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">South Korea</collectingCountry>
(Ahn 
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE75084FC66C1158908" box="[983,1031,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">et al</emphasis>
., 2000; Park &amp; Ahn, 2004).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AAF86FFCEFFE65394FB83C1988DE0" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCFFC0DFFCEFFE75394FB83C16389FF" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE75394FB83C429892C" bold="true" box="[199,315,1052,1076]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCEFFE75211FB83C75E892C" box="[322,588,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aleochara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squalithorax">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE75211FB83C75E892C" box="[322,588,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Aleochara squalithorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a rather common species in 
<collectingCountry id="F367BC9DFFCEFFE750FAFB82C6FB892C" box="[937,1001,1053,1076]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Japan</collectingCountry>
but has a limited distribution globally. Until now, this taxon has only been recorded from 
<collectingCountry id="F367BC9DFFCEFFE7519CFBDFC61D894F" box="[719,783,1088,1111]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Japan</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F367BC9DFFCEFFE75016FBA0C6C0894F" box="[837,978,1087,1111]" name="South Korea" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">South Korea</collectingCountry>
(Smetana, 2004; Frank &amp; Ahn, 2011). A recent study provided the first record of 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCEFFE7510CFBFBC61E8964" box="[607,780,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aleochara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squalithorax">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE7510CFBFBC61E8964" box="[607,780,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. squalithorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="F367BC9DFFCEFFE75001FBFBC6CD8964" box="[850,991,1124,1148]" name="South Korea" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">South Korea</collectingCountry>
and briefly redescribed the species and provided a figure of the median lobe of the aedeagus of the male, based on Korean specimens (Ahn 
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE757A4FB16C03A89B8" box="[1271,1320,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">et al</emphasis>
., 2000). The distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCEFFE752D3FB33C72389DC" box="[384,561,1196,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aleochara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squalithorax">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE752D3FB33C72389DC" box="[384,561,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. squalithorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F367BC9DFFCEFFE75132FB32C7B389DC" box="[609,673,1197,1220]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Japan</collectingCountry>
is wide, from northeastern Hokkaidô (Nemuro) to southwestern Kyûshû (Tanega-shima). We provide new distributional records from mainland Kyûshû.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCFFC0DFFCEFFE75394FB6BC4198860" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
This species is considered a highly derived taxon of the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCEFFE75080FB6BC1498814" box="[979,1115,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Coprochara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE75080FB6BC1498814" box="[979,1115,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Coprochara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and it has attracted special attention from researchers (Bernhauer &amp; Scheerpeltz, 1926; Assing, 1995; Maus, 1998). Thus, the line drawings of mouth parts, which are important characters in 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCEFFE751E3FAA3C657884C" box="[688,837,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aleocharinae</taxonomicName>
that have never been described, are also provided in this paper.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCFFC0DFFCEFFE75394FA1CC0688B81" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE75394FA1CC49E8884" bold="true" box="[199,396,1411,1436]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Historical notes.</emphasis>
This species was originally described as “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCEFFE7502FFA1BC1958884" box="[892,1159,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aleochara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squalithorax">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE7502FFA1BC1958884" box="[892,1159,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Aleochara squalithorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” from “Hagi [Hagi-shi, western end of Honshû, 
<collectingCountry id="F367BC9DFFCEFFE752E0FA37C4E488A7" box="[435,502,1448,1471]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Japan</collectingCountry>
] (
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE75143FA37C74C88D8" box="[528,606,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fauvel</emphasis>
), Hakodate [Hakodate-shi, Hokkaidô, 
<collectingCountry id="F367BC9DFFCEFFE7574FFA37C14D88A7" box="[1052,1119,1448,1471]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Japan</collectingCountry>
] (
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE7572BFA36C1AB88D8" box="[1144,1209,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Lewis</emphasis>
)” by Sharp (1888). Afterward, Fenyes (1920) included it within the peculiar subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCEFFE750F9FA53C1A988FC" authority="Casey, 1906" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1906" box="[938,1211,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Eucharina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE750F9FA53C13288FC" box="[938,1056,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Eucharina</emphasis>
Casey, 1906
</taxonomicName>
. A few years later, Bernhauer and Scheerpeltz (1926) transferred 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCEFFE751EAFA6FC67E8B10" box="[697,876,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aleochara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squalithorax">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE751EAFA6FC67E8B10" box="[697,876,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. squalithorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the newly established subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCEFFE7564BFA6FC4ED8B34" authority="Bernhauer &amp; Scheerpeltz, 1926" authorityName="Bernhauer &amp; Scheerpeltz" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Skenochara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE7564BFA6FC08E8B10" box="[1304,1436,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Skenochara</emphasis>
Bernhauer &amp; Scheerpeltz, 1926
</taxonomicName>
as the 
<typeStatus id="54CB42AFFFCEFFE75106F98AC7978B35" box="[597,645,1557,1581]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">type</typeStatus>
species, and it was the only species assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCEFFE757E9F98BC02C8B34" box="[1210,1342,1556,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Skenochara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE757E9F98BC02C8B34" box="[1210,1342,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Skenochara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Assing (1995) raised this subgenus to generic rank (still only one species remained in the taxon). This paper was especially important because 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCEFFE75226F9C3C7358B6C" box="[373,551,1628,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aleochara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squalithorax">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE75226F9C3C7358B6C" box="[373,551,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. squalithorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was redescribed with figures and the male 
<typeStatus id="54CB42AFFFCEFFE75769F9C3C1B38B6C" box="[1082,1185,1628,1652]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
was designated. The systematic position of 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCEFFE752C7F91FC70A8B80" box="[404,536,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Skenochara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE752C7F91FC70A8B80" box="[404,536,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Skenochara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was unclear, although Assing (1995) tentatively treated it as a distinct genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCFFC0DFFCEFFE75394F93AC11F8A54" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
Maus and Ashe (1998) and Maus (1998) detected 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCEFFE7504CF93BC6B18BA4" box="[799,931,1700,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Skenochara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE7504CF93BC6B18BA4" box="[799,931,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Skenochara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with all apomorphies that characterize the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCEFFE7525CF957C4858BF8" box="[271,407,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Coprochara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE7525CF957C4858BF8" box="[271,407,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Coprochara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; i.e., the existence of dorsal longitudinal rows on the pronotum, a strongly coiled spermatheca in the female, and a completely carinate mesoventrite. Therefore, 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCEFFE75757F973C19A8A1C" box="[1028,1160,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Skenochara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE75757F973C19A8A1C" box="[1028,1160,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Skenochara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was synonymized under the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCEFFE75212F88FC4DB8A30" box="[321,457,1808,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Coprochara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE75212F88FC4DB8A30" box="[321,457,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Coprochara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Maus (1998). In addition to morphological evidence, molecular information supported this treatment (Maus 
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE752A8F8AAC73E8A54" box="[507,556,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">et al</emphasis>
., 2001; see Phylogeny of 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCEFFE7501CF8ABC6EE8A54" box="[847,1020,1844,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aleochara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squalithorax">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE7501CF8ABC6EE8A54" box="[847,1020,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">A. squalithorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCFFC0DFFCEFFE65394F8C8C1988DE0" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,151,752]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCEFFE75394F8C8C4588A68" bold="true" box="[199,330,1879,1904]" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Bionomics.</emphasis>
SY and MM collected the species at several different locations in Hokkaidô, Honshû and Kyûshû that faced both the Pacific Coast and the Sea of 
<collectingCountry id="F367BC9DFFCEFFE751E9F8E2C7E88A8C" box="[698,762,1917,1940]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFCEFFE75059F8E3C64D8A8C" box="[778,863,1916,1940]" captionStart="FIGURES 44 – 45" captionStartId="18.[151,264,1417,1440]" captionTargetBox="[172,1408,196,1380]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,171,1396]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 44 – 45. Collecting localities of Aleochara (Coprochara) spp. based on specimens examined in Japan. 44. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna (Indicated by red circle) and A. (C.) binotata (Indicated by yellow square); 45. A. (C.) squalithorax (Indicated by blue triangle)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223173/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
). All of the locations were sandy beaches, none of the areas were very small, and they generally had good environmental conditions (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFCEFFE75762F83FC1978AA0" box="[1073,1157,1952,1976]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 43" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1257,1280]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,811,1230]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,807,1235]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 43. Habitats of the subgenus Coprochara of the genus Aleochara in Japan. 93. the summit of Sobo-san (located in boundaries between Ôita and Miyazaki Prefectures; only observed; A. (C.) verna: arrow); 43. Watari (Fukutsu, Fukuoka Prefecture; A. (C.) squalithorax: arrow)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223172/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="217">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). Individuals were found from completely dry seaweed masses on beaches that were far from the shoreline from sites that were and close to coastal vegetation at Hamamatsu and Urayakotan in Hokkaidô; specimens were also collected from somewhat wet seaweed at Watari, Kyûshû (
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFCFFFE6528BFF23C73F8DCC" box="[472,557,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 43" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1257,1280]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,811,1230]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,807,1235]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 43. Habitats of the subgenus Coprochara of the genus Aleochara in Japan. 93. the summit of Sobo-san (located in boundaries between Ôita and Miyazaki Prefectures; only observed; A. (C.) verna: arrow); 43. Watari (Fukutsu, Fukuoka Prefecture; A. (C.) squalithorax: arrow)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223172/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). Adults were observed and collected from early spring (March) to mid-fall (October), with the highest number of individuals being observed between April and May.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AAF86FFCFFFE65394FE9BC6D08FF7" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCFFC0DFFCFFFE65394FE9BC6918C04" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,752]" box="[199,899,260,284]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCFFFE65394FE9BC4748C04" bold="true" box="[199,358,260,284]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Host records.</emphasis>
No information is available for 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCFFFE6519CFE9BC6698C04" box="[719,891,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aleochara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squalithorax">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCFFFE6519CFE9BC6698C04" box="[719,891,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">A. squalithorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCFFC0DFFCFFFE65394FEB7C7598CD7" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCFFFE65394FEB7C45B8C58" bold="true" box="[199,329,296,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Phylogeny.</emphasis>
Phylogenetic trees in Maus 
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCFFFE651DCFEB6C7D08C58" box="[655,706,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">et al</emphasis>
. (2001) show relationships among 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCFFFE65706FEB7C1A78C58" box="[1109,1205,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aleochara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verna">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCFFFE65706FEB7C1A78C58" box="[1109,1205,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">A. verna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCFFFE65796FEB7C0508C58" box="[1221,1346,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aleochara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binotata">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCFFFE65796FEB7C0508C58" box="[1221,1346,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">A. binotata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCFFFE656D7FEB7C4368C7C" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aleochara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squalithorax">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCFFFE656D7FEB7C4368C7C" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">A. squalithorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All three species were included in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCFFFE651AAFED3C6938C7C" box="[761,897,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Coprochara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCFFFE651AAFED3C6938C7C" box="[761,897,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Coprochara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade. 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCFFFE6508BFED3C1F68C7C" box="[984,1252,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aleochara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squalithorax">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCFFFE6508BFED3C1F68C7C" box="[984,1252,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Aleochara squalithorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
formed a sister group with littoral 
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCFFFE6522EFEEFC4848C90" box="[381,406,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">A.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCFFFE652FEFEEFC4D28C9F" box="[429,448,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">C</emphasis>
.) 
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCFFFE6528EFEEFC75D8C90" box="[477,591,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">sulcicollis</emphasis>
Mannerheim, 1843 from North 
<collectingCountry id="F367BC9DFFCFFFE6508AFEF0C12F8C9F" box="[985,1085,367,391]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">America</collectingCountry>
. Microsculpture is present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCFFFE653C4FE0BC4028CB4" box="[151,272,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Emplenota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCFFFE653C4FE0BC4028CB4" box="[151,272,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Emplenota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCFFFE65272FE0BC4BF8CB4" box="[289,429,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Maseochara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCFFFE65272FE0BC4BF8CB4" box="[289,429,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Maseochara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCFFFE652EDFE0BC7588CB4" box="[446,586,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Polystomota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCFFFE652EDFE0BC7588CB4" box="[446,586,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Polystomota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCFFFE651DEFE0BC62F8CB4" box="[653,829,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aleochara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squalithorax">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCFFFE651DEFE0BC62F8CB4" box="[653,829,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">A. squalithorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but none of the analyses supported a monophyletic clade of these taxa (Maus 
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCFFFE652EFFE26C4FF8CC8" box="[444,493,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">et al</emphasis>
., 2001).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCFFC0DFFCFFFE65394FE44C6D08FF7" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCFFFE65394FE44C7138CEC" bold="true" box="[199,513,475,500]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Color variation in elytra.</emphasis>
Two patterns of elytral color variation were found. The gray 
<typeStatus id="54CB42AFFFCFFFE657BBFE42C00A8CED" box="[1256,1304,477,501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">type</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFCFFFE6567EFE43C0668CEC" box="[1325,1396,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[278,1306,191,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[278,1308,161,1975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara) in habitus. 1. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 2. A. (C.) binotata; 3 – 4. A. (C.) squalithorax: gray type (Fig. 3) and yellow type (Fig. 4)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223166/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) is apparently the typical form and the yellow 
<typeStatus id="54CB42AFFFCFFFE651ECFD9FC7FD8F00" box="[703,751,512,536]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">type</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFCFFFE6505AFE60C6708F0F" box="[777,866,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[278,1306,191,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[278,1308,161,1975]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara) in habitus. 1. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 2. A. (C.) binotata; 3 – 4. A. (C.) squalithorax: gray type (Fig. 3) and yellow type (Fig. 4)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223166/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134BE088FFCFFFE6502BFE60C6818F0F" box="[888,915,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 13" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1073,1096]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,194,1036]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,171,1052]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 13. Japanese species of Aleochara (Coprochara). 5 – 7. Aleochara (Coprochara) verna; 8 – 10. A. (C.) binotata; 11 – 13. A. (C.) squalithorax. (5, 8, 11: elytra; 6, 9, 12: intercoxal process of metaventrite; 7, 10, 13: mesoventrite and metaventrite)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223167/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">11</figureCitation>
) is much rarer. We examined both 
<typeStatus id="54CB42AFFFCFFFE65632FD9FC08E8F00" box="[1377,1436,512,536]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">types</typeStatus>
morphologically, but no differences were found between the two 
<typeStatus id="54CB42AFFFCFFFE650CDFDBAC6CF8F25" box="[926,989,549,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">types</typeStatus>
. Thus, the authors concluded that the difference represents color variation within 
<taxonomicName id="4C70878EFFCFFFE651D2FDD7C63C8F78" box="[641,814,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Aleochara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squalithorax">
<emphasis id="B904201FFFCFFFE651D2FDD7C63C8F78" box="[641,814,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">A. squalithorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The yellow 
<typeStatus id="54CB42AFFFCFFFE65091FDD6C6E08F79" box="[962,1010,585,609]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">type</typeStatus>
accounted for only 12.6% of the total number of individuals collected (N=470). The ratio also showed considerable variation among locations. For example, no yellow-type individuals were found among 
<specimenCount id="9D763784FFCFFFE6504FFD10C6A48FBF" box="[796,950,655,679]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218" type="generic">55 specimens</specimenCount>
at Sanriga-hama in Hokkaidô. In contrast, the yellow 
<typeStatus id="54CB42AFFFCFFFE65246FD2AC4578FD5" box="[277,325,693,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="218">type</typeStatus>
accounted for 14.1% in Watari (data combined across small and large beaches), Kyûshû (N=156), and the highest ratio, 45.9%, was recorded in Katsuura, Honshû (N=37).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>