treatments-xml/data/03/D9/00/03D90078D22DEC6377FA9E41EF5FFBDA.xml

<document id="B441545C7D9407C78AECB2072944CB21" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.283572" ID-GBIF-Dataset="61a9ddf5-0a97-4757-8217-e72d41a770a7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="283572" ID-ZooBank="C2B24CC9-EE3D-43DC-AB13-22B7346C93DA" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460587796566" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lyons And Martin Avery Snyder, William G." docDate="2013" docId="03D90078D22DEC6377FA9E41EF5FFBDA" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03636p058.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3636 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pustulatirus ogum Petuch 1979" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="FFE07800D223EC71776D981DEE14FFD5" masterDocTitle="The Genus Pustulatirus Vermeij and Snyder, 2006 (Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae: Peristerniinae) in the Western Atlantic, with Descriptions of Three New Species" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1698325456683" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="A808B0DF58C0141178F250D17654BD72" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="849AF79812F281E1B6BD307194F12C71">
<mods:title id="4FA8A01CF7415FC71B10404BB7926F39">The Genus Pustulatirus Vermeij and Snyder, 2006 (Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae: Peristerniinae) in the Western Atlantic, with Descriptions of Three New Species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="81CCB3AD98785CC65CA32A889658C655" type="personal">
<mods:role id="638B27D59E9786BEC1810BC076EC124F">
<mods:roleTerm id="E32FAB233A914CB482DC400DC3314DBC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="50007D99CF4875CA418CA637469767D0">Lyons And Martin Avery Snyder, William G.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="A0C7CEAC5A50381574B75DE39914FAA6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="0CB1C2DC4A1B1CA3B15EF2045611BED8" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="C6DCB336BA68E86706C514FB7CD78C0C">
<mods:title id="9E487158833553D970EC9012BF3C2C99">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="1CE25AC92199F57C8FA3CC4D92A74863">
<mods:date id="81E0CEA8451D65A765DE66BC8EAB3192">2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="9CB72924B79A4C27E25596C903CA6BC7" type="volume">
<mods:number id="1F4EC02568B7BAB5579CC926BC255CEC">3636</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="773D7D20A16BF146D737B65A8721B4CA" type="issue">
<mods:number id="9F42980CC73E6BB19861681A885ABEFA">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="A339A7D7A223E234307D14DF415400E5" unit="page">
<mods:start id="C233B4E9CB20B8D4686D756AF4D03BDC">35</mods:start>
<mods:end id="33903A8BC52B33A0E74F3C3151B9298D">58</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="95250C4044DEA84CC049A2D64AFF0F48">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F1D8E45D56F9CFC12E75962DA0EB92EE" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.283572</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2142F98168D44C806F15E575E7A61275" type="GBIF-Dataset">61a9ddf5-0a97-4757-8217-e72d41a770a7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FA3858B4B12F74FBB792FDBCC6181D4D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="734AEA3A1B007348B9FA26A2BF4C952D" type="Zenodo-Dep">283572</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="55A3F77E9F3CD5D707FEE9E417FE6A02" type="ZooBank">C2B24CC9-EE3D-43DC-AB13-22B7346C93DA</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03D90078D22DEC6377FA9E41EF5FFBDA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6162536" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127663702" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6162536" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D90078D22DEC6377FA9E41EF5FFBDA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D90078D22DEC6377FA9E41EF5FFBDA" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="14" pageNumber="49">
<subSubSection id="C36AE2E5D22DEC7F77FA9E41EDE9F92E" pageId="14" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCFB16ED22DEC7F77FA9E41EC25F9A0" blockId="14.[151,561,1627,1686]" box="[151,561,1627,1654]" pageId="14" pageNumber="49">
<heading id="D0870602D22DEC7F77FA9E41EC25F9A0" bold="true" box="[151,561,1627,1654]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="49" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD22DEC7F77FA9E41EC25F9A0" ID-CoL="4QL4Z" authority="Petuch, 1979" authorityName="Petuch" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,561,1627,1654]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Pustulatirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ogum">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22DEC7F77FA9E41EC25F9A0" bold="true" box="[151,561,1627,1654]" pageId="14" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22DEC7F77FA9E41EF62F9A3" bold="true" box="[151,374,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="49">Pustulatirus ogum</emphasis>
(Petuch, 1979)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCFB16ED22DEC7F77FA9E63EF5FF943" blockId="14.[151,561,1627,1686]" box="[151,331,1662,1686]" pageId="14" pageNumber="49">
(
<figureCitation id="134BADEBD22DEC7F77F39E63EF57F943" box="[158,323,1662,1686]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 68" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1671,1694]" captionTargetBox="[236,1353,181,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[236,1354,181,1654]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 68. Western Atlantic Pustulatirus and Pseudolatirus species. 38 – 42. Pustulatirus watermanorum new species. 38 – 40. Holotype, ANSP 449721, 27.4 mm, off Roatán, Honduras. 41 – 42. Paratype, ANSP 449725, 26.1 mm, off Roatán. 43 – 45. Pustulatirus eppi (Melvill, 1891) Holotype, RMNHL, 24.1 mm, Curaçao. 46 – 51. Pustulatirus biocellatus new species, Brazil. 46 – 48. Holotype, MZUSP 108767, 30.0 mm, north of Natal. 49 – 50. Paratype, ANSP 449745, 26.5 mm, off Alcobaça. 51. Paratype, ANSP 422778, 24.0 mm, off Camocim. 52 – 62. Pustulatirus ogum (Petuch, 1979), Brazil. 52 – 54. Holotype, USNM 780654, 39.3 mm, Abrolhos reef complex. 55 – 56. ANSP 449735, 53.1 mm, off Arraial do Cabo. 57 – 58. ANSP 449733, 31.8 mm, off Barra, Salvador. 59 – 61. ANSP 449799, 22.9 mm, off Cabo Frio. 62 – 64. Labral “ dentition. ” 62. Pustulatirus ogum, ANSP 449736, enlarged serratum of 35.2 mm shell, off Alcobaça, Brazil. 63. Benimakia species, ANSP 449800, labral tooth of 23.7 mm shell, Zanzibar. 64. Leucozonia nassa (Gmelin, 1791), ANSP 195297, labral tooth of 41.2 mm shell, New Providence, Bahamas. 65 – 68. Pseudolatirus tumbeziensis Olsson, 1932. 65 – 66. ANSP-IP 81622, 61.8 mm, Paraguana Peninsula Venezuela, Cantaure Formation, Miocene. 67. Same specimen, showing exterior cords and threads and edge of lip. 68. Same specimen, showing plicae in siphonal canal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283574/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="49">Figures 52–62</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCFB16ED22DEC7F77FA9ED5EDE9F92E" blockId="14.[151,1437,1734,2002]" pageId="14" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD22DEC7F77FA9ED5EC4FF909" authority="Petuch, 1979: 519" authorityName="Petuch" authorityPageNumber="519" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,603,1734,1757]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ogum" subGenus="Polygona">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22DEC7F77FA9ED5EF8DF908" box="[151,409,1735,1757]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="49">Latirus (Polygona) ogum</emphasis>
Petuch, 1979: 519
</taxonomicName>
, 520, figs. 3A, B. Rios, 1985: 107, pl. 36, fig. 470; Costa and Moretzsohn, 1991: 59–60, figs. 4, 5; Rios, 1994: 133, pl. 42, fig. 574; Vermeij and Snyder, 2003: 18.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AE2E5D22DEC6177FA9F18EDDAFB75" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="14" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCFB16ED22DEC7F77FA9F18EB9AF8A0" blockId="14.[151,1437,1734,2002]" pageId="14" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD22DEC7F77FA9F18EF0BF8CF" box="[151,287,1797,1818]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ogum">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22DEC7F77FA9F18EF0BF8CF" box="[151,287,1797,1818]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="49">Latirus ogum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Petuch, 1979: 519, 520. Kaicher, 1986: card 4667; Petuch, 1986a: 9; Petuch, 1987: 140, 144, pl. 27, figs. 1, 2; Petuch, 1988: 163, pl. 39, fig. 13; Costa, 1991: 76; Lyons, 1991: 201; Matthews-Cascon 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22DEC7F733C9F3EEA6AF8ED" box="[1105,1150,1826,1848]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
., 1991: 1; Rios 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22DEC7F724F9F3EEB5BF8ED" box="[1314,1359,1826,1848]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="49">et al</emphasis>
., 1994: 34; Goto and Poppe, 1996: 392; K. and L. Sunderland, 1996: 17, 2 figs; Snyder, 2000: 162; Petuch, 2001: 339; Vermeij and Snyder, 2003: 18, 20; Mallard and Robin, 2005: 18, pl. 47; Robin, 2008: 222, figs. 9; Landau and Vermeij, 2012: 88.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCFB16ED22DEC7F77FA9F62EFBEF866" blockId="14.[151,1437,1734,2002]" pageId="14" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD22DEC7F77FA9F62EFCBF841" authority="Petuch, 1979" authorityName="Petuch" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,479,1918,1941]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Benimakia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ogum">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22DEC7F77FA9F62EF50F840" box="[151,324,1919,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="49">Benimakia ogum</emphasis>
(Petuch, 1979)
</taxonomicName>
—Vermeij and Snyder, 2003: 15, 18-20, figs. 6a, b. Pisor and Poppe, 2008: 83; Snyder and Vermeij, 2008: 49, 50.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCFB16ED22DEC7F77FA9FA1EA95F804" blockId="14.[151,1437,1734,2002]" box="[151,1153,1979,2002]" pageId="14" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD22DEC7F77FA9FA1EFFEF804" authority="Petuch, 1979" authorityName="Petuch" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,490,1979,2002]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Pustulatirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="14" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ogum">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22DEC7F77FA9FA1EF45F807" box="[151,337,1980,2002]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="49">Pustulatirus ogum</emphasis>
(Petuch, 1979)
</taxonomicName>
—Snyder, Landau and Vermeij 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22DEC7F74409FA0ED55F807" box="[813,833,1981,2002]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="49">in</emphasis>
Landau and Vermeij, 2012: 88.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0FE1E6D22CEC7E77FA9E9AECADF83B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283574/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="50" targetBox="[236,1353,181,1653]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="8BCFB16ED22CEC7E77FA9E9AECADF83B" blockId="15.[151,1437,1671,2030]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E77FA9E9AEF41F949" bold="true" box="[151,341,1671,1694]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">FIGURES 38–68.</emphasis>
Western Atlantic 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD22CEC7E75639E9AEC9EF948" box="[526,650,1671,1693]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Pustulatirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E75639E9AEC9EF948" box="[526,650,1671,1693]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">Pustulatirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD22CEC7E75D09E9AED5DF948" box="[701,841,1671,1693]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Pseudolatirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E75D09E9AED5DF948" box="[701,841,1671,1693]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">Pseudolatirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E74C49E9AEDFCF949" bold="true" box="[937,1000,1671,1692]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">38–42</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD22CEC7E74989E9AEB00F948" box="[1013,1300,1671,1693]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Pustulatirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="watermanorum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E74989E9AEB00F948" box="[1013,1300,1671,1693]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">Pustulatirus watermanorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237D007D22CEC7E72769E95EB8DF948" box="[1307,1433,1671,1693]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
. 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E77FA9EBBEEC2F96E" bold="true" box="[151,214,1702,1723]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">38–40</emphasis>
. Holotype, ANSP 449721, 27.4 mm, off Roatán, Honduras. 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E742C9EBBED94F96E" bold="true" box="[833,896,1702,1723]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">41–42</emphasis>
. Paratype, ANSP 449725, 26.1 mm, off Roatán. 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E721B9EBBEEA4F90C" bold="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">43– 45</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD22CEC7E77AD9ED9EC0CF90E" authority="Melvill, 1891" authorityName="Melvill" authorityYear="1891" box="[192,536,1732,1755]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Pustulatirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eppi">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E77AD9ED9EF65F90F" box="[192,369,1732,1754]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">Pustulatirus eppi</emphasis>
(Melvill, 1891)
</taxonomicName>
Holotype, RMNHL, 24.1 mm, Curaçao. 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E74A19ED9EA18F90C" bold="true" box="[972,1036,1732,1753]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">46–51</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD22CEC7E73769ED9EB1BF90F" box="[1051,1295,1732,1754]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Pustulatirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="biocellatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E73769ED9EB1BF90F" box="[1051,1295,1732,1754]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">Pustulatirus biocellatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A237D007D22CEC7E72749ED8EB8DF90F" box="[1305,1433,1732,1754]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Brazil. 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E778F9EFEEF35F92D" bold="true" box="[226,289,1763,1784]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">46–48</emphasis>
. Holotype, MZUSP 108767, 30.0 mm, north of Natal. 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E74389EFEED80F92D" bold="true" box="[853,916,1763,1784]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">49–50</emphasis>
. Paratype, ANSP 449745, 26.5 mm, off Alcobaça. 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E77FA9F1FEEA4F8C2" bold="true" box="[151,176,1794,1815]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">51</emphasis>
. Paratype, ANSP 422778, 24.0 mm, off Camocim. 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E75B59F1FED03F8C2" bold="true" box="[728,791,1794,1815]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">52–62</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD22CEC7E74459F1FEA9FF8CD" authority="(Petuch, 1979)" authorityName="Petuch" authorityYear="1979" baseAuthorityName="Petuch" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[808,1163,1794,1816]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Pustulatirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ogum">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E74459F1FEDF2F8CD" box="[808,998,1794,1816]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">Pustulatirus ogum</emphasis>
(Petuch, 1979)
</taxonomicName>
, Brazil. 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E73859F1FEB33F8C2" bold="true" box="[1256,1319,1794,1815]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">52–54</emphasis>
. Holotype, USNM 780654, 39.3 mm, Abrolhos reef complex. 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E75FA9F3CECC2F8E3" bold="true" box="[663,726,1825,1846]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">55–56</emphasis>
. ANSP 449735, 53.1 mm, off Arraial do Cabo. 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E73D59F3CEAE3F8E3" bold="true" box="[1208,1271,1825,1846]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">57–58</emphasis>
. ANSP 449733, 31.8 mm, off Barra, Salvador. 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E76B69F22EC0EF881" bold="true" box="[475,538,1855,1876]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">59–61</emphasis>
. ANSP 449799, 22.9 mm, off Cabo Frio. 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E74B19F22EA0FF881" bold="true" box="[988,1051,1855,1876]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">62–64</emphasis>
. Labral “dentition.” 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E739A9F22EB04F881" bold="true" box="[1271,1296,1855,1876]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">62</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD22CEC7E724D9F22EEDBF8A1" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Pustulatirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ogum">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E724D9F22EEDBF8A1" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">Pustulatirus ogum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ANSP 449736, enlarged serratum of 35.2 mm shell, off Alcobaça, Brazil. 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E74BC9F43EDFEF8A6" bold="true" box="[977,1002,1886,1907]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">63</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD22CEC7E74959F43EA71F8A1" box="[1016,1125,1886,1908]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Benimakia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E74959F43EA71F8A1" box="[1016,1125,1886,1908]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">Benimakia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, ANSP 449800, labral tooth of 23.7 mm shell, Zanzibar. 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E76949F61EC06F844" bold="true" box="[505,530,1916,1937]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">64</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD22CEC7E754C9F60ED94F846" authority="Gmelin, 1791" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1791" box="[545,896,1916,1939]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Leucozonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nassa">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E754C9F60ECCCF847" box="[545,728,1917,1938]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">Leucozonia nassa</emphasis>
(Gmelin, 1791)
</taxonomicName>
, ANSP 195297, labral tooth of 41.2 mm shell, New Providence, Bahamas. 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E76E09F86EFD8F865" bold="true" box="[397,460,1947,1968]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">65–68</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD22CEC7E768D9F86ED8EF864" authority="Olsson, 1932" authorityName="Olsson" authorityYear="1932" box="[480,922,1947,1969]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Pseudolatirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="15" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tumbeziensis">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E768D9F86EC78F864" box="[480,620,1947,1969]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">Pseudolatirus</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E75169F86ECE8F864" box="[635,764,1947,1969]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">tumbeziensis</emphasis>
Olsson, 1932
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E74C79F86EDFDF865" bold="true" box="[938,1001,1947,1968]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">65–66</emphasis>
. ANSP-IP 81622, 61.8 mm, Paraguana Peninsula Venezuela, Cantaure Formation, Miocene. 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E75DA9FA7ECC4F81A" bold="true" box="[695,720,1978,1999]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">67</emphasis>
. Same specimen, showing exterior cords and threads and edge of lip. 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD22CEC7E77FA9FC4EEA4F83B" bold="true" box="[151,176,2009,2030]" pageId="15" pageNumber="50">68</emphasis>
. Same specimen, showing plicae in siphonal canal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCFB16ED233EC6177FA988AEDDAFB75" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="16" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD233EC6177FA988AEF35FF65" bold="true" box="[151,289,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="51">Description</emphasis>
: Shell of medium size for genus (largest 53.1 x 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC617426988AEDA0FF7A" box="[843,948,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7399999999999998" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="17.4">17.4 mm</quantity>
), elongate, fusiform, with rounded, rapidly expanding whorls, broad axial ribs, and low spiral cords; spire surface of large shells (&gt; 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6173ED98A1EADBFF01" box="[1152,1231,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
sl) nearly smooth except for fine spiral cords on early whorls and stronger cords on body whorl and siphonal process. Protoconch brown, of about 2 equal-sized swollen whorls; first whorl smooth with rounded sides, remaining half whorl with straight sides, smooth except for few faint axial striae and one or two axial riblets near abrupt terminus. Teleoconch of 7 to 8 whorls; spire whorls each with about 7 broad axial ribs, 6 to 9 on body whorl; suture shallow, slightly impressed, somewhat undulant in concert with axial ribs and interspaces; sutural ramp hatched with fine spiral cords crossed by low, thin axial growth increments, hatching nearly obsolete in large shells; whorls 1 and 2 with 2 smooth spiral cords crossing ribs on abapical half of whorl, several finer spiral threads on adapical half (sutural ramp); cords increasing to 3 but diminishing in strength abapically, hardly perceptible on whorls 4 to 7; posterior half of body whorl initially smooth but then showing weak re-emergance of spiral cords, cords becoming increasingly evident on final (abapical) half whorl, about 13 to 15 smooth cords at lip; cords generally increasing in strength toward anterior end of whorl, occasionally with single spiral threads between; siphonal process with 4 or 5 strong, oblique cords, usually with single lesser cords between, sometimes with 7 or 8 small, oblique cords near tip; smaller shells (~ 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC61763F9A92EFDBFD72" box="[338,463,655,679]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="34.5" valueMax="39.0" valueMin="30.0">30–39 mm</quantity>
sl) with prominent large and small cords over entire surface of spire, as many as 14 smilar cords on body whorl. Aperture ovo-elongate, constricted adapically by thick parietal callus and abapically by ridge-like, sometimes bifid node opposite entrance fold at base of columella; outer lip broadly arcuate to semicircular, crenulated by extensions of interspaces between termini of spiral cords of body whorl and siphonal process, conferring serrate or saw-toothed effect, less evident on large shells; serration created by interspace adjacent to large anterior cord near anterior flexure of body whorl larger than neighboring serrata; inner surface of outer lip (of mature shells) with 9 to 13 lirae of various strengths, all (or sometimes only those on abapical side) interrupted as though composed of dashes and dots; lirae separated from lip margin by smooth band-like strip; inner lip adherent, columella arcuate posteriorly, straight anteriorly, with 3 or 4 broad plicae, occasionally with 1 or 2 lesser plicae adapically; siphonal canal typical of genus, rather short, slender, broader adapically, smooth within; outer edge crenulated in accord with termini of interspaces between exterior cords, inner edge raised, smooth, forming narrow pseudoumbilicus near tip. Shell surface uniformly dark reddish brown to light yellowish brown, usually darker on ribs; interior light orange, tan or white. Operculum corneous, dark brown, sometimes nearly black, drop-shaped, longer than wide, with terminal nucleus at pointed, inwardly curved abapical end; outer surface with many fine, arcuate, concentric growth increments. Radula unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AE2E5D233EC6077AA9CB1EA1BFD8A" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCFB16ED233EC6177AA9CB1EA45FB11" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,2012]" box="[199,1105,1195,1220]" pageId="16" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD233EC6177AA9CB1EF7AFB11" bold="true" box="[199,366,1195,1220]" pageId="16" pageNumber="51">
<typeStatus id="54CB0FCCD233EC6177AA9CB1EF14FB11" box="[199,256,1196,1220]" pageId="16" pageNumber="51">Type</typeStatus>
Material
</emphasis>
: 
<typeStatus id="54CB0FCCD233EC6176129CB1EFF3FB11" box="[383,487,1196,1220]" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
USNM 780654 (39.3 x 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6175959CB1ED49FB11" box="[760,861,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="17.5">17.5 mm</quantity>
) (
<figureCitation id="134BADEBD233EC61741E9CB1EA0EFB11" box="[883,1050,1196,1220]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 68" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1671,1694]" captionTargetBox="[236,1353,181,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[236,1354,181,1654]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 68. Western Atlantic Pustulatirus and Pseudolatirus species. 38 – 42. Pustulatirus watermanorum new species. 38 – 40. Holotype, ANSP 449721, 27.4 mm, off Roatán, Honduras. 41 – 42. Paratype, ANSP 449725, 26.1 mm, off Roatán. 43 – 45. Pustulatirus eppi (Melvill, 1891) Holotype, RMNHL, 24.1 mm, Curaçao. 46 – 51. Pustulatirus biocellatus new species, Brazil. 46 – 48. Holotype, MZUSP 108767, 30.0 mm, north of Natal. 49 – 50. Paratype, ANSP 449745, 26.5 mm, off Alcobaça. 51. Paratype, ANSP 422778, 24.0 mm, off Camocim. 52 – 62. Pustulatirus ogum (Petuch, 1979), Brazil. 52 – 54. Holotype, USNM 780654, 39.3 mm, Abrolhos reef complex. 55 – 56. ANSP 449735, 53.1 mm, off Arraial do Cabo. 57 – 58. ANSP 449733, 31.8 mm, off Barra, Salvador. 59 – 61. ANSP 449799, 22.9 mm, off Cabo Frio. 62 – 64. Labral “ dentition. ” 62. Pustulatirus ogum, ANSP 449736, enlarged serratum of 35.2 mm shell, off Alcobaça, Brazil. 63. Benimakia species, ANSP 449800, labral tooth of 23.7 mm shell, Zanzibar. 64. Leucozonia nassa (Gmelin, 1791), ANSP 195297, labral tooth of 41.2 mm shell, New Providence, Bahamas. 65 – 68. Pseudolatirus tumbeziensis Olsson, 1932. 65 – 66. ANSP-IP 81622, 61.8 mm, Paraguana Peninsula Venezuela, Cantaure Formation, Miocene. 67. Same specimen, showing exterior cords and threads and edge of lip. 68. Same specimen, showing plicae in siphonal canal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283574/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="51">Figures 52–54</figureCitation>
), dd.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCFB16ED233EC6177AA9CCDECA6FAD9" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,2012]" pageId="16" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD233EC6177AA9CCDEF7FFB3D" bold="true" box="[199,363,1231,1256]" pageId="16" pageNumber="51">
<typeStatus id="54CB0FCCD233EC6177AA9CCDEF14FB3D" box="[199,256,1232,1256]" pageId="16" pageNumber="51">Type</typeStatus>
Locality
</emphasis>
: Tide pool at fringing reef around Coroa, Vermelha, Abrolhos Reef Complex, Estado Bahía, 
<collectingCountry id="F367F1FED233EC6177FA9CE9EECFFAD9" box="[151,219,1268,1292]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="51">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE44D7A9D233EC6177869CE9EF5EFAD9" box="[235,330,1268,1292]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" precision="925" value="-17.95">17°57’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE44D7A9D233EC61763B9CE9EFA9FAD9" box="[342,445,1268,1292]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" precision="925" value="-39.216667">39°13’W</geoCoordinate>
) (Petuch, 1979: 519).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCFB16ED233EC6077AA9D0AEA1BFD8A" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,2012]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="16" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD233EC6177AA9D0AEF94FAE5" bold="true" box="[199,384,1303,1328]" pageId="16" pageNumber="51">Other Material</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD233EC6176FF9D0AEFCFFAE5" bold="true" box="[402,475,1303,1328]" pageId="16" pageNumber="51">
<collectingCountry id="F367F1FED233EC6176FF9D0AEFCFFAE5" box="[402,475,1303,1328]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="51">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
—1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC61757B9D0AEC6BFAFA" box="[534,639,1303,1327]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.11" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="21.1">21.1 mm</quantity>
, dd, north of 
<collectingCountry id="F367F1FED233EC61744D9D0AED4BFAFA" box="[800,863,1303,1327]" name="South Africa" pageId="16" pageNumber="51">Natal</collectingCountry>
, Estado Rio Grande do Norte, depth 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC61727D9D0AEB6CFAFA" box="[1296,1400,1303,1327]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 m</quantity>
, 8/ 2004, LC; 2, 33.6 and 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6176FB9D21EFE9FA81" box="[406,509,1340,1364]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3299999999999996" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="33.3">33.3 mm</quantity>
, dd, off Barra, Estado Bahía, bryozoan/sand bottom, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6173389D21EAAEFA81" box="[1109,1210,1340,1364]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 m</quantity>
, diver, 1996, ANSP 449734; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6176789D42EF6DFAA2" box="[277,377,1375,1399]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.17" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="31.7">31.7 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="134BADEBD233EC6176EA9D42EC3AFAA2" box="[391,558,1375,1399]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 68" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1671,1694]" captionTargetBox="[236,1353,181,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[236,1354,181,1654]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 68. Western Atlantic Pustulatirus and Pseudolatirus species. 38 – 42. Pustulatirus watermanorum new species. 38 – 40. Holotype, ANSP 449721, 27.4 mm, off Roatán, Honduras. 41 – 42. Paratype, ANSP 449725, 26.1 mm, off Roatán. 43 – 45. Pustulatirus eppi (Melvill, 1891) Holotype, RMNHL, 24.1 mm, Curaçao. 46 – 51. Pustulatirus biocellatus new species, Brazil. 46 – 48. Holotype, MZUSP 108767, 30.0 mm, north of Natal. 49 – 50. Paratype, ANSP 449745, 26.5 mm, off Alcobaça. 51. Paratype, ANSP 422778, 24.0 mm, off Camocim. 52 – 62. Pustulatirus ogum (Petuch, 1979), Brazil. 52 – 54. Holotype, USNM 780654, 39.3 mm, Abrolhos reef complex. 55 – 56. ANSP 449735, 53.1 mm, off Arraial do Cabo. 57 – 58. ANSP 449733, 31.8 mm, off Barra, Salvador. 59 – 61. ANSP 449799, 22.9 mm, off Cabo Frio. 62 – 64. Labral “ dentition. ” 62. Pustulatirus ogum, ANSP 449736, enlarged serratum of 35.2 mm shell, off Alcobaça, Brazil. 63. Benimakia species, ANSP 449800, labral tooth of 23.7 mm shell, Zanzibar. 64. Leucozonia nassa (Gmelin, 1791), ANSP 195297, labral tooth of 41.2 mm shell, New Providence, Bahamas. 65 – 68. Pseudolatirus tumbeziensis Olsson, 1932. 65 – 66. ANSP-IP 81622, 61.8 mm, Paraguana Peninsula Venezuela, Cantaure Formation, Miocene. 67. Same specimen, showing exterior cords and threads and edge of lip. 68. Same specimen, showing plicae in siphonal canal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283574/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="51">Figures 57–58</figureCitation>
), dd, off Barra, 
<collectingCountry id="F367F1FED233EC6175B29D42ED50FAA2" box="[735,836,1375,1399]" name="El Salvador" pageId="16" pageNumber="51">Salvador</collectingCountry>
, Bahia, bryozoan/sand bottom, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6173CB9D42EB1FFAA2" box="[1190,1291,1375,1399]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 m</quantity>
, diver, 1997, ANSP 449733; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6176049D99EFC4FA49" box="[361,464,1412,1436]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.36" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="23.6">23.6 mm</quantity>
, lv, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC61756C9D99EC4CFA49" box="[513,600,1412,1436]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="km" value="170.0">170 km</quantity>
northeast of Alcobaça, Bahía, depth 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC61736D9D99EA72FA49" box="[1024,1126,1412,1436]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 m</quantity>
, diver, 1/2005, LC; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6172069D99EED1FA6A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.09" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="30.9">30.9 mm</quantity>
, dd, off Alcobaça, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6176F79DBAEFEBFA6A" box="[410,511,1447,1471]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 m</quantity>
, 1/2003, LC; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6175DA9DBAED09FA6A" box="[695,797,1447,1471]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.77" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="47.7">47.7 mm</quantity>
, dd, off Alcobaça, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC61749E9DBAEA4CFA6A" box="[1011,1112,1447,1471]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 m</quantity>
, 1/2003, LC; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6172629DBAEB61FA6A" box="[1295,1397,1447,1471]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.21" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="32.1">32.1 mm</quantity>
, lv, off Alcobaça, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6176559DD1EF8EFA31" box="[312,410,1484,1508]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20-25 m</quantity>
, 1/2004, LC; 2, 33.8 and 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6175D09DD1ED31FA31" box="[701,805,1484,1508]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.28" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="32.8">32.8 mm</quantity>
, lv, off Alcobaça, depth 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6173519DD1EAB6FA31" box="[1084,1186,1484,1508]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 m</quantity>
, diver, 1/2004, LC; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6177FA9DF2EEE9F9DD" box="[151,253,1519,1544]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.52" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="35.2">35.2 mm</quantity>
, lv, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6176469DF2EF66F9D2" box="[299,370,1519,1543]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="km" value="70.0">70 km</quantity>
off Alcobaça, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6175749DF2EC6AF9DD" box="[537,638,1519,1544]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 m</quantity>
, ANSP 449736 (
<figureCitation id="134BADEBD233EC6174569DF2EDB9F9D2" box="[827,941,1519,1543]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 68" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1671,1694]" captionTargetBox="[236,1353,181,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[236,1354,181,1654]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 68. Western Atlantic Pustulatirus and Pseudolatirus species. 38 – 42. Pustulatirus watermanorum new species. 38 – 40. Holotype, ANSP 449721, 27.4 mm, off Roatán, Honduras. 41 – 42. Paratype, ANSP 449725, 26.1 mm, off Roatán. 43 – 45. Pustulatirus eppi (Melvill, 1891) Holotype, RMNHL, 24.1 mm, Curaçao. 46 – 51. Pustulatirus biocellatus new species, Brazil. 46 – 48. Holotype, MZUSP 108767, 30.0 mm, north of Natal. 49 – 50. Paratype, ANSP 449745, 26.5 mm, off Alcobaça. 51. Paratype, ANSP 422778, 24.0 mm, off Camocim. 52 – 62. Pustulatirus ogum (Petuch, 1979), Brazil. 52 – 54. Holotype, USNM 780654, 39.3 mm, Abrolhos reef complex. 55 – 56. ANSP 449735, 53.1 mm, off Arraial do Cabo. 57 – 58. ANSP 449733, 31.8 mm, off Barra, Salvador. 59 – 61. ANSP 449799, 22.9 mm, off Cabo Frio. 62 – 64. Labral “ dentition. ” 62. Pustulatirus ogum, ANSP 449736, enlarged serratum of 35.2 mm shell, off Alcobaça, Brazil. 63. Benimakia species, ANSP 449800, labral tooth of 23.7 mm shell, Zanzibar. 64. Leucozonia nassa (Gmelin, 1791), ANSP 195297, labral tooth of 41.2 mm shell, New Providence, Bahamas. 65 – 68. Pseudolatirus tumbeziensis Olsson, 1932. 65 – 66. ANSP-IP 81622, 61.8 mm, Paraguana Peninsula Venezuela, Cantaure Formation, Miocene. 67. Same specimen, showing exterior cords and threads and edge of lip. 68. Same specimen, showing plicae in siphonal canal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283574/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="51">Figure 62</figureCitation>
; shell figured by Vermeij and Snyder, 2003: figs. 6a, b); 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6176549E09EF8BF9F9" box="[313,415,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.57" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="35.7">35.7 mm</quantity>
, lv, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6176A09E09EC00F9F9" box="[461,532,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="km" value="70.0">70 km</quantity>
off Alcobaça, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6175D49E09ED0AF9F9" box="[697,798,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 m</quantity>
, diver, 1/2003, LC; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6173779E09EA94F9F9" box="[1050,1152,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.16" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="21.6">21.6 mm</quantity>
, dd, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6173DB9E09EAE9F9F9" box="[1206,1277,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="km" value="70.0">70 km</quantity>
off Alcobaça, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6177FA9E2AEEE9F985" box="[151,253,1591,1616]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 m</quantity>
, diver, 1/2004, LC; 2, 37.5 and 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6175019E2AECC1F985" box="[620,725,1591,1616]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.36" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="33.6">33.6 mm</quantity>
, dd, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6174609E2AED41F99A" box="[781,853,1591,1615]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="km" value="70.0">70 km</quantity>
off Alcobaça, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC61736D9E2AEA73F985" box="[1024,1127,1591,1616]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 m</quantity>
, diver, 7/2008, LC; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6172069E2AEED1F9A1" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.82" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="28.2">28.2 mm</quantity>
, lv, off Conceição da Barra, Estado Espirito Santo, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6174619E41ED66F9A1" box="[780,882,1628,1652]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="70.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="60.0">60–80 m</quantity>
, net, 8/2006, LC; 3, 31.0, 27.8 and 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC61726B9E41EB78F9A1" box="[1286,1388,1628,1652]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.21" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="22.1">22.1 mm</quantity>
, dd, off Conceição da Barra, trawled, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC61757F9E62EC6DF94D" box="[530,633,1663,1688]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="70.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="60.0">60–80 m</quantity>
, 8/2006, LC; 2, 28.8 and 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6174F29E62EA13F94D" box="[927,1031,1663,1688]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.81" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="28.1">28.1 mm</quantity>
, lv, off Conceição da Barra, lobster nets, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6177BE9EB9EF2DF969" box="[211,313,1700,1724]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="80.0" valueMax="90.0" valueMin="70.0">70–90 m</quantity>
, 2008, ANSP 449798; 4, 41.2, 34.0, 30.8 and 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6174259EB9EDBBF969" box="[840,943,1700,1724]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.69" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="26.9">26.9 mm</quantity>
, lv, 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6174909EB9EA70F969" box="[1021,1124,1700,1724]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="27.5">27.5 mm</quantity>
, dd, off Guarapari, Espirito Santo, under rocks, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6176129EDAEFF2F935" box="[383,486,1735,1760]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 m</quantity>
, diver, 8/1992, ANSP 449728; 3, 23.6 and 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC61748D9EDAEA5DF935" box="[992,1097,1735,1760]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.89" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="18.9">18.9 mm</quantity>
, dd, off Guarapari, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6172429EDAEB83F935" box="[1327,1431,1735,1760]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="17.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="17.0">17–18 m</quantity>
, dredged, 8/2003, LC; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6176C09EF1EC00F8D1" box="[429,532,1772,1796]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5799999999999996" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="35.8">35.8 mm</quantity>
, lv, off Guarapari, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6175879EF1ED44F8D1" box="[746,848,1772,1796]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="19.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="17.0">17–21 m</quantity>
, diver, LC; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6174999EF1EA4FF8D1" box="[1012,1115,1772,1796]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="42.5">42.5 mm</quantity>
, lv, off Guarapari, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC61725F9EF1EB83F8D1" box="[1330,1431,1772,1796]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="19.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="17.0">17–21 m</quantity>
, diver, LC; 1, 41.0, lv, off Guarapari, under rocks, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6175B09F0DED51F8FD" box="[733,837,1808,1832]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="19.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="17.0">17–21 m</quantity>
, diver, LC; 2, 30.9 and 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6173329F0DEADCF8FD" box="[1119,1224,1808,1832]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.91" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="29.1">29.1 mm</quantity>
, lv, off Guarapari, bryozoan/sand bottom, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6176F29F29EC10F899" box="[415,516,1844,1868]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 m</quantity>
, diver, 12/1993; ANSP 449737; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6174E29F29EDE2F899" box="[911,1014,1844,1868]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3299999999999996" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="33.3">33.3 mm</quantity>
, lv, off Guarapari, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6173A59F29EB39F899" box="[1224,1325,1844,1868]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 m</quantity>
, 12/1993, SC; 2, 22.0 and 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC61760F9F45EFDBF8A5" box="[354,463,1880,1904]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="18.1">18.1 mm</quantity>
, lv, off Guarapari, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6175D59F45ED37F8A5" box="[696,803,1880,1904]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 m</quantity>
, diver, 12/1993, ANSP 449730; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6173A29F45EB28F8A5" box="[1231,1340,1880,1904]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.76" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="27.6">27.6 mm</quantity>
, dd, off Guarapari, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC61767B9F61EF68F841" box="[278,380,1916,1940]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 m</quantity>
, diver, 11/2003, LC; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6175E19F61ECE7F841" box="[652,755,1916,1940]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.37" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="23.7">23.7 mm</quantity>
, lv, 3, 19.2, 18.3 and 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6174879F61EA46F841" box="[1002,1106,1916,1940]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.72" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="17.2">17.2 mm</quantity>
, dd, off Guarapari, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC61725C9F61EB83F841" box="[1329,1431,1916,1940]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 m</quantity>
, 11/2003, LC; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6176229FBDEFA3F86D" box="[335,439,1952,1976]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.29" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="32.9">32.9 mm</quantity>
, dd, off Guarapari, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6175FE9FBDECECF86D" box="[659,760,1952,1976]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 m</quantity>
, 12/2003, LC; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6174D39FBDEA30F86D" box="[958,1060,1952,1976]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.72" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="17.2">17.2 mm</quantity>
, dd, off Guarapari, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC61726C9FBDEB72F86D" box="[1281,1382,1952,1976]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="55.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="50.0">50–60 m</quantity>
, net, 11/2006, LC; 1, 39.0 mm, lv, 
<collectingCountry id="F367F1FED233EC61768D9FD9EC18F809" box="[480,524,1988,2012]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="51">Ilha</collectingCountry>
Escalvada, off Guarapari, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC61745A9FD9ED8FF809" box="[823,923,1988,2012]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="14.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="14.0">14–15 m</quantity>
, diver, LC; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6173569FD9EAB5F809" box="[1083,1185,1988,2012]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.01" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="30.1">30.1 mm</quantity>
, lv, 
<collectingCountry id="F367F1FED233EC6173A39FD9EAEEF809" box="[1230,1274,1988,2012]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="51">Ilha</collectingCountry>
Escalvada, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD233EC6072ED9FD9EEBBFF7A" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="52" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
, diver, LC; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC60763D988AEFA2FF7A" box="[336,438,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="47.5">47.5 mm</quantity>
, lv, 
<collectingCountry id="F367F1FED232EC607689988AEC04FF7A" box="[484,528,151,175]" name="Iceland" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Ilha</collectingCountry>
Escalvada, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6075FB988AECC5FF7A" box="[662,721,151,175]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="17.0">17 m</quantity>
, diver, LC; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC60741E988AEDCCFF7A" box="[883,984,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.88" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="38.8">38.8 mm</quantity>
, lv, 
<collectingCountry id="F367F1FED232EC60736B988AEA26FF7A" box="[1030,1074,151,175]" name="Iceland" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Ilha</collectingCountry>
Escalvada, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6073D4988AEB0AFF7A" box="[1209,1310,151,175]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="19.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="17.0">17–21 m</quantity>
, diver, LC; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6077DE98A1EF0CFF01" box="[179,280,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7399999999999998" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="27.4">27.4 mm</quantity>
, dd, 
<collectingCountry id="F367F1FED232EC60762098A1EF6DFF01" box="[333,377,188,212]" name="Iceland" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Ilha</collectingCountry>
Escalvada, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC60769298A1EC77FF01" box="[511,611,188,212]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="19.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="17.0">17–21 m</quantity>
, LC; 2, 37.4 and 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC60744E98A1ED9EFF01" box="[803,906,188,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2399999999999998" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="32.4">32.4 mm</quantity>
, lv, 
<collectingCountry id="F367F1FED232EC6074DB98A1EDF6FF01" box="[950,994,188,212]" name="Iceland" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Ilha</collectingCountry>
Escalvada, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC60730A98A1EAD8FF01" box="[1127,1228,188,212]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="19.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="17.0">17–21 m</quantity>
, diver, LC; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC60720698A1EED1FF22" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.89" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="48.9">48.9 mm</quantity>
, lv, 
<collectingCountry id="F367F1FED232EC60779F98C2EF0AFF22" box="[242,286,223,247]" name="Iceland" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Ilha</collectingCountry>
Escalvada, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6076C998C2EFCBFF22" box="[420,479,223,247]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
, diver, LC; 2, 34.0 and 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC60758A98C2ED59FF22" box="[743,845,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.07" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="30.7">30.7 mm</quantity>
, lv, 
<collectingCountry id="F367F1FED232EC60741798C2EDB1FF22" box="[890,933,223,247]" name="Iceland" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Ilha</collectingCountry>
Escalvada, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC60734198C2EA73FF22" box="[1068,1127,223,247]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
, diver, LC; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC60726A98C2EB79FF22" box="[1287,1389,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6199999999999999" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="16.2">16.2 mm</quantity>
, dd, “off Ilhas,” Guarapari, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6076F59919EFC7FEC9" box="[408,467,260,284]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
; SC; 3, 13.3, 13.2 and 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6075A29919ED21FEC9" box="[719,821,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.21" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="12.1">12.1 mm</quantity>
, dd, Boldro Beach, Fernando de Noronha, under rocks, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6077FA993AEEE8FEEA" box="[151,252,295,319]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 m</quantity>
, diver, 2000, ANSP 449731; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC60750C993AECD3FEEA" box="[609,711,295,319]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="17.3">17.3 mm</quantity>
, lv, Boldro Beach, Fernando de Noronha, under rocks, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC60725F993AEB83FEEA" box="[1330,1431,295,319]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 m</quantity>
, diver, 7/2000, LC; 2, 40.3 and 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6076819951EC45FEB1" box="[492,593,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="38.1">38.1 mm</quantity>
, lv, off Arrial do Cabo, Estado Rio de Janeiro, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6073379951EAAAFEB1" box="[1114,1214,332,356]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 m</quantity>
, diver, 2002, ANSP 449732; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6076719972EF92FE52" box="[284,390,367,391]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.01" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="50.1">50.1 mm</quantity>
, lv, off Arrial do Cabo, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6075CB9972ED1AFE52" box="[678,782,367,391]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="32.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="30.0">30–35 m</quantity>
, diver, 1/2003, LC; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6073719972EA90FE52" box="[1052,1156,367,391]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.31" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="53.1">53.1 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="134BADEBD232EC6073FB9972EB54FE52" box="[1174,1344,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 68" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1671,1694]" captionTargetBox="[236,1353,181,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[236,1354,181,1654]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 68. Western Atlantic Pustulatirus and Pseudolatirus species. 38 – 42. Pustulatirus watermanorum new species. 38 – 40. Holotype, ANSP 449721, 27.4 mm, off Roatán, Honduras. 41 – 42. Paratype, ANSP 449725, 26.1 mm, off Roatán. 43 – 45. Pustulatirus eppi (Melvill, 1891) Holotype, RMNHL, 24.1 mm, Curaçao. 46 – 51. Pustulatirus biocellatus new species, Brazil. 46 – 48. Holotype, MZUSP 108767, 30.0 mm, north of Natal. 49 – 50. Paratype, ANSP 449745, 26.5 mm, off Alcobaça. 51. Paratype, ANSP 422778, 24.0 mm, off Camocim. 52 – 62. Pustulatirus ogum (Petuch, 1979), Brazil. 52 – 54. Holotype, USNM 780654, 39.3 mm, Abrolhos reef complex. 55 – 56. ANSP 449735, 53.1 mm, off Arraial do Cabo. 57 – 58. ANSP 449733, 31.8 mm, off Barra, Salvador. 59 – 61. ANSP 449799, 22.9 mm, off Cabo Frio. 62 – 64. Labral “ dentition. ” 62. Pustulatirus ogum, ANSP 449736, enlarged serratum of 35.2 mm shell, off Alcobaça, Brazil. 63. Benimakia species, ANSP 449800, labral tooth of 23.7 mm shell, Zanzibar. 64. Leucozonia nassa (Gmelin, 1791), ANSP 195297, labral tooth of 41.2 mm shell, New Providence, Bahamas. 65 – 68. Pseudolatirus tumbeziensis Olsson, 1932. 65 – 66. ANSP-IP 81622, 61.8 mm, Paraguana Peninsula Venezuela, Cantaure Formation, Miocene. 67. Same specimen, showing exterior cords and threads and edge of lip. 68. Same specimen, showing plicae in siphonal canal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283574/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Figures 55–56</figureCitation>
), lv, off Arraial do Cabo, under rocks, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6076999989EC4FFE79" box="[500,603,404,428]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="32.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="30.0">30–35 m</quantity>
, ANSP 449735; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6074519989EDB0FE79" box="[828,932,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="51.5">51.5 mm</quantity>
, dd, off Arraial do Cabo, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6073A39989EB24FE79" box="[1230,1328,404,428]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="32.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="30.0">30-35 m</quantity>
, diver, 1/ 2005, LC; 2, 52.8 and 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6076F999AAEFEFFE1A" box="[404,507,439,463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9399999999999995" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="49.4">49.4 mm</quantity>
, dd, off Arraial do Cabo, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC60747199AAED95FE1A" box="[796,897,439,463]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="32.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="30.0">30–35 m</quantity>
, diver, 1/2007, LC; 2, 31.3 and 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC60738A99AAEB5AFE1A" box="[1255,1358,439,463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.04" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="30.4">30.4 mm</quantity>
, lv, off Arraial do Cabo, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC60763799C1EFABFE21" box="[346,447,476,500]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="32.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="30.0">30–35 m</quantity>
, diver, 3/2007, LC; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6075D099C1ED37FE21" box="[701,803,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.78" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="27.8">27.8 mm</quantity>
, lv, off Arraial do Cabo, under rocks, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6073A399C1EB27FE21" box="[1230,1331,476,500]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="32.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="30.0">30–35 m</quantity>
, diver, 3/ 2007, LC; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC60764699E2EF85FDC2" box="[299,401,511,535]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.97" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="49.7">49.7 mm</quantity>
, dd, off Arraial do Cabo, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6075C299E2ED00FDC2" box="[687,788,511,535]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="32.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="30.0">30–35 m</quantity>
, diver, 5/2011, LC; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC60736299E2EA61FDC2" box="[1039,1141,511,535]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2299999999999995" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="32.3">32.3 mm</quantity>
, dd, off Cabo Frio, Estado Rio de Janeiro, 
<collectingCountry id="F367F1FED232EC60763E9A39EF8EFDE9" box="[339,410,548,572]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6076C79A39EC07FDE9" box="[426,531,548,572]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="75.0" valueMax="90.0" valueMin="60.0">60–90 m</quantity>
, trawled, LC; 1, 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC60758C9A39ED5CFDE9" box="[737,840,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.29" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="22.9">22.9 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="134BADEBD232EC6074369A39EA12FDE9" box="[859,1030,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 68" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1671,1694]" captionTargetBox="[236,1353,181,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[236,1354,181,1654]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 68. Western Atlantic Pustulatirus and Pseudolatirus species. 38 – 42. Pustulatirus watermanorum new species. 38 – 40. Holotype, ANSP 449721, 27.4 mm, off Roatán, Honduras. 41 – 42. Paratype, ANSP 449725, 26.1 mm, off Roatán. 43 – 45. Pustulatirus eppi (Melvill, 1891) Holotype, RMNHL, 24.1 mm, Curaçao. 46 – 51. Pustulatirus biocellatus new species, Brazil. 46 – 48. Holotype, MZUSP 108767, 30.0 mm, north of Natal. 49 – 50. Paratype, ANSP 449745, 26.5 mm, off Alcobaça. 51. Paratype, ANSP 422778, 24.0 mm, off Camocim. 52 – 62. Pustulatirus ogum (Petuch, 1979), Brazil. 52 – 54. Holotype, USNM 780654, 39.3 mm, Abrolhos reef complex. 55 – 56. ANSP 449735, 53.1 mm, off Arraial do Cabo. 57 – 58. ANSP 449733, 31.8 mm, off Barra, Salvador. 59 – 61. ANSP 449799, 22.9 mm, off Cabo Frio. 62 – 64. Labral “ dentition. ” 62. Pustulatirus ogum, ANSP 449736, enlarged serratum of 35.2 mm shell, off Alcobaça, Brazil. 63. Benimakia species, ANSP 449800, labral tooth of 23.7 mm shell, Zanzibar. 64. Leucozonia nassa (Gmelin, 1791), ANSP 195297, labral tooth of 41.2 mm shell, New Providence, Bahamas. 65 – 68. Pseudolatirus tumbeziensis Olsson, 1932. 65 – 66. ANSP-IP 81622, 61.8 mm, Paraguana Peninsula Venezuela, Cantaure Formation, Miocene. 67. Same specimen, showing exterior cords and threads and edge of lip. 68. Same specimen, showing plicae in siphonal canal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283574/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Figures 59–61</figureCitation>
), lv, off Cabo Frio, Estado Rio de Janeiro, 
<collectingCountry id="F367F1FED232EC60779B9A5AEF29FD8A" box="[246,317,583,607]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, depth 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6076E09A5AEC14FD8A" box="[397,512,583,607]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="90.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="80.0">80–100 m</quantity>
, “dredged by local fishermen,” ANSP 449799.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AE2E5D232EC6077AA9A71EECBFD72" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCFB16ED232EC6077AA9A71EECBFD72" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6077AA9A71EF5CFD51" bold="true" box="[199,328,620,644]" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Etymology</emphasis>
: The species was named for “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6075DF9A71ECE9FD51" box="[690,765,620,644]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Pustulatirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ogum">Ogum</taxonomicName>
, a Macumba god often associated with the sea” (Petuch, 1979).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AE2E5D232EC6077AA9AAEEB73FC89" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCFB16ED232EC6077AA9AAEEB73FC89" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6077AA9AAEEF4DFD19" bold="true" box="[199,345,691,716]" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Distribution</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCountry id="F367F1FED232EC60761C9AA9EFACFD19" box="[369,440,692,716]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, off 
<collectingCountry id="F367F1FED232EC6076919AA9EC28FD19" box="[508,572,692,716]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Natal</collectingCountry>
, Estado Rio Grande do Norte (rare, herein); off 
<collectingCountry id="F367F1FED232EC6073C99AA9EB1DFD19" box="[1188,1289,692,716]" name="El Salvador" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Salvador</collectingCountry>
, Itapoã and Arquipélago dos Abrolhos, Estado Bahía; Guarapari, Estado Espirito Santo; and Estado Rio de Janeiro (Petuch, 1979; Rios, 1985; Costa, 1991; Costa and Moretzsohn, 1991; Rios, 1994; Vermeij and Snyder, 2003). Most material we examined was from off Alcobaça, Bahía, Guarapari, Espirito Santo, and Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro. Depth range: intertidal to 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC60757A9B59EC6EFC89" box="[535,634,836,860]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 m</quantity>
(Petuch 1979, Sunderland &amp; Sunderland 1994); 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6073F09B59EB14FC89" box="[1181,1280,836,860]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="47.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="14.0">14–80 m</quantity>
(herein).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36AE2E5D232EC6377AA9B75EF5FFBDA" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCFB16ED232EC6077AA9B75EF2DFAFA" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6077AA9B75EF20FC55" bold="true" box="[199,308,872,896]" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Remarks</emphasis>
:We suspected initially that shells identified here as 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6074FA9B75EB09FCAA" authority="Petuch, 1979" authorityName="Petuch" authorityYear="1979" box="[919,1309,871,896]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Pustulatirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ogum">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6074FA9B75EA7DFC55" box="[919,1129,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Pustulatirus ogum</emphasis>
(Petuch, 1979)
</taxonomicName>
comprised more than one species. Larger shells (&gt; 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6075099B91ECA2FC71" box="[612,694,908,932]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
sl) agree with the original description and illustration of 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6072269B90EEC1FC1D" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ogum">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6072269B90EEC1FC1D" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Latirus ogum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; they are consistently brown, most have relatively smooth spires and body whorls, and their outer lips are only slightly serrate. Intermediate-sized shells (~ 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6075A59BC9ED55FC39" box="[712,833,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="34.5" valueMax="39.0" valueMin="30.0">30-39 mm</quantity>
sl, most with thin lips indicating immaturity) range from dark reddish brown to yellowish brown; spiral cords are well developed on all whorls and their interspaces extend prominently over the edge of the outer lip, conferring to the edge a distinctly serrate appearance. The cord that marks the abapical edge of the central area of the body whorl is larger than those around it, and an interspace adjacent to that cord usually is larger and more prominent than its neighbors. Small shells (&lt;
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6073C09C79EAE8FBA9" box="[1197,1276,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
sl) are yellow or light brown, in contrast to the generally darker color of intermediate-sized shells, but spiral cords and serrata are similar to those of the intermediate group. However, all features of individual groups tend to blend with those of other groups, and all groups show similar geographic and bathymetric distributions. Consequently, we found no objective criterion by which to distinguish groups, and we conclude that all shells represent growth stages within a single species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCFB16ED232EC6077AA9D21EC73F969" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">
Vermeij and Snyder (2003: 19, 20) reclassified 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6074699D20EDB5FA81" box="[772,929,1341,1364]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ogum">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6074699D20EDB5FA81" box="[772,929,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Latirus ogum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6074BC9D21EAF5FA81" authority="Habe, 1958" authorityName="Habe" authorityYear="1958" box="[977,1249,1340,1364]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Benimakia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6074BC9D21EA5DFA81" box="[977,1097,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Benimakia</emphasis>
Habe, 1958
</taxonomicName>
, because “adult specimens with an intact outer lip usually have a distinct, low labral tooth at the end of an enlarged spiral cord separating the central sector of the last whorl from the concave base,” and they figured as 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6073D89D98EB01FA49" box="[1205,1301,1413,1436]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ogum">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6073D89D98EB01FA49" box="[1205,1301,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">B. ogum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6072589D99EB88FA49" box="[1333,1436,1412,1436]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.52" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="35.2">35.2 mm</quantity>
immature specimen from 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD232EC6076B89DBAEC32FA6A" box="[469,550,1447,1471]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="70.0">70 km</quantity>
off Alcobaça (ANSP 449736, above). Landau and Vermeij (2012: 88) reconsidered the classification of 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6075619DD0ECB6FA31" box="[524,674,1485,1508]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ogum">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6075619DD0ECB6FA31" box="[524,674,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Latirus ogum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6075A99DD1ED28FA31" box="[708,828,1484,1508]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Benimakia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6075A99DD1ED28FA31" box="[708,828,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Benimakia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, stating: “M. A. Snyder and we now assign 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6072499DD0EB6BFA31" box="[1316,1407,1485,1508]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ogum">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6072499DD0EB6BFA31" box="[1316,1407,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">L. ogum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6076799DEDEF89F9DD" box="[276,413,1520,1544]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Pustulatirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6076799DEDEF89F9DD" box="[276,413,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Pustulatirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” but they provided little explanation for that action. Our rationale for reclassification involves the form of the “distinct, low labral tooth” that prompted Vermeij and Snyder (2003: 20) to place the species in 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6076639E25EF92F985" box="[270,390,1592,1616]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Benimakia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6076639E25EF92F985" box="[270,390,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Benimakia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; that “tooth” is the large serration formed by the interspace between spiral cords (described above; 
<figureCitation id="134BADEBD232EC6077859E41EF4CF9A1" box="[232,344,1628,1652]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 68" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1671,1694]" captionTargetBox="[236,1353,181,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[236,1354,181,1654]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 68. Western Atlantic Pustulatirus and Pseudolatirus species. 38 – 42. Pustulatirus watermanorum new species. 38 – 40. Holotype, ANSP 449721, 27.4 mm, off Roatán, Honduras. 41 – 42. Paratype, ANSP 449725, 26.1 mm, off Roatán. 43 – 45. Pustulatirus eppi (Melvill, 1891) Holotype, RMNHL, 24.1 mm, Curaçao. 46 – 51. Pustulatirus biocellatus new species, Brazil. 46 – 48. Holotype, MZUSP 108767, 30.0 mm, north of Natal. 49 – 50. Paratype, ANSP 449745, 26.5 mm, off Alcobaça. 51. Paratype, ANSP 422778, 24.0 mm, off Camocim. 52 – 62. Pustulatirus ogum (Petuch, 1979), Brazil. 52 – 54. Holotype, USNM 780654, 39.3 mm, Abrolhos reef complex. 55 – 56. ANSP 449735, 53.1 mm, off Arraial do Cabo. 57 – 58. ANSP 449733, 31.8 mm, off Barra, Salvador. 59 – 61. ANSP 449799, 22.9 mm, off Cabo Frio. 62 – 64. Labral “ dentition. ” 62. Pustulatirus ogum, ANSP 449736, enlarged serratum of 35.2 mm shell, off Alcobaça, Brazil. 63. Benimakia species, ANSP 449800, labral tooth of 23.7 mm shell, Zanzibar. 64. Leucozonia nassa (Gmelin, 1791), ANSP 195297, labral tooth of 41.2 mm shell, New Providence, Bahamas. 65 – 68. Pseudolatirus tumbeziensis Olsson, 1932. 65 – 66. ANSP-IP 81622, 61.8 mm, Paraguana Peninsula Venezuela, Cantaure Formation, Miocene. 67. Same specimen, showing exterior cords and threads and edge of lip. 68. Same specimen, showing plicae in siphonal canal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283574/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Figure 62</figureCitation>
). Similar serrata occur on shells of other 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC60744F9E41EDBFF9A1" box="[802,939,1628,1652]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Pustulatirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC60744F9E41EDBFF9A1" box="[802,939,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Pustulatirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this tooth-like structure is unlike that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6077FA9E9DEF1BF94D" box="[151,271,1664,1688]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Benimakia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6077FA9E9DEF1BF94D" box="[151,271,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Benimakia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="134BADEBD232EC6076729E62EF86F942" box="[287,402,1663,1687]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 68" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1671,1694]" captionTargetBox="[236,1353,181,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[236,1354,181,1654]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 68. Western Atlantic Pustulatirus and Pseudolatirus species. 38 – 42. Pustulatirus watermanorum new species. 38 – 40. Holotype, ANSP 449721, 27.4 mm, off Roatán, Honduras. 41 – 42. Paratype, ANSP 449725, 26.1 mm, off Roatán. 43 – 45. Pustulatirus eppi (Melvill, 1891) Holotype, RMNHL, 24.1 mm, Curaçao. 46 – 51. Pustulatirus biocellatus new species, Brazil. 46 – 48. Holotype, MZUSP 108767, 30.0 mm, north of Natal. 49 – 50. Paratype, ANSP 449745, 26.5 mm, off Alcobaça. 51. Paratype, ANSP 422778, 24.0 mm, off Camocim. 52 – 62. Pustulatirus ogum (Petuch, 1979), Brazil. 52 – 54. Holotype, USNM 780654, 39.3 mm, Abrolhos reef complex. 55 – 56. ANSP 449735, 53.1 mm, off Arraial do Cabo. 57 – 58. ANSP 449733, 31.8 mm, off Barra, Salvador. 59 – 61. ANSP 449799, 22.9 mm, off Cabo Frio. 62 – 64. Labral “ dentition. ” 62. Pustulatirus ogum, ANSP 449736, enlarged serratum of 35.2 mm shell, off Alcobaça, Brazil. 63. Benimakia species, ANSP 449800, labral tooth of 23.7 mm shell, Zanzibar. 64. Leucozonia nassa (Gmelin, 1791), ANSP 195297, labral tooth of 41.2 mm shell, New Providence, Bahamas. 65 – 68. Pseudolatirus tumbeziensis Olsson, 1932. 65 – 66. ANSP-IP 81622, 61.8 mm, Paraguana Peninsula Venezuela, Cantaure Formation, Miocene. 67. Same specimen, showing exterior cords and threads and edge of lip. 68. Same specimen, showing plicae in siphonal canal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283574/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Figure 63</figureCitation>
), whose tooth, as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6075EC9E9CED16F94D" box="[641,770,1665,1688]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Leucozonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6075EC9E9CED16F94D" box="[641,770,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Leucozonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="134BADEBD232EC60747E9E62ED91F942" box="[787,901,1663,1687]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 68" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1671,1694]" captionTargetBox="[236,1353,181,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[236,1354,181,1654]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 68. Western Atlantic Pustulatirus and Pseudolatirus species. 38 – 42. Pustulatirus watermanorum new species. 38 – 40. Holotype, ANSP 449721, 27.4 mm, off Roatán, Honduras. 41 – 42. Paratype, ANSP 449725, 26.1 mm, off Roatán. 43 – 45. Pustulatirus eppi (Melvill, 1891) Holotype, RMNHL, 24.1 mm, Curaçao. 46 – 51. Pustulatirus biocellatus new species, Brazil. 46 – 48. Holotype, MZUSP 108767, 30.0 mm, north of Natal. 49 – 50. Paratype, ANSP 449745, 26.5 mm, off Alcobaça. 51. Paratype, ANSP 422778, 24.0 mm, off Camocim. 52 – 62. Pustulatirus ogum (Petuch, 1979), Brazil. 52 – 54. Holotype, USNM 780654, 39.3 mm, Abrolhos reef complex. 55 – 56. ANSP 449735, 53.1 mm, off Arraial do Cabo. 57 – 58. ANSP 449733, 31.8 mm, off Barra, Salvador. 59 – 61. ANSP 449799, 22.9 mm, off Cabo Frio. 62 – 64. Labral “ dentition. ” 62. Pustulatirus ogum, ANSP 449736, enlarged serratum of 35.2 mm shell, off Alcobaça, Brazil. 63. Benimakia species, ANSP 449800, labral tooth of 23.7 mm shell, Zanzibar. 64. Leucozonia nassa (Gmelin, 1791), ANSP 195297, labral tooth of 41.2 mm shell, New Providence, Bahamas. 65 – 68. Pseudolatirus tumbeziensis Olsson, 1932. 65 – 66. ANSP-IP 81622, 61.8 mm, Paraguana Peninsula Venezuela, Cantaure Formation, Miocene. 67. Same specimen, showing exterior cords and threads and edge of lip. 68. Same specimen, showing plicae in siphonal canal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283574/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Figure 64</figureCitation>
), is formed by direct extension of a prominent cord, not by an interspace between cords.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCFB16ED232EC6377AA9EDAECBFFF01" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1436,151,1039]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">
Of ten species classified in 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6075639ED5EC92F935" box="[526,646,1736,1760]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Benimakia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6075639ED5EC92F935" box="[526,646,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Benimakia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Vermeij and Snyder (2003) and Snyder and Vermeij (2008), all except ‘ 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6077959EF1EFD1F8D1" box="[248,453,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">
Benimakia’ 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6076EA9EF0EFD1F8D1" box="[391,453,1773,1796]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ogum">ogum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
are Indo-West Pacific taxa. Habe (1958) described and figured the radula of 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6072E99EF0EFCBF8F2" authority="Dunker, 1860" authorityName="Dunker" authorityYear="1860" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Benimakia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rhodostoma">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6072E99EF0EF08F8FD" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">B. rhodostoma</emphasis>
(Dunker, 1860)
</taxonomicName>
, the 
<typeStatus id="54CB0FCCD232EC60754F9F0DEC46F8FD" box="[546,594,1808,1832]" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6075889F0DED49F8FD" box="[741,861,1808,1832]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Benimakia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6075889F0DED49F8FD" box="[741,861,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Benimakia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and noted its morphology to resemble that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6077FA9F28EFBBF899" authority="Morch, 1852" authorityName="Morch" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,431,1844,1868]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Peristernia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6077FA9F28EF01F899" box="[151,277,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Peristernia</emphasis>
Mørch, 1852
</taxonomicName>
, in having large and small cusps scattered across the width of lateral teeth whereas lateral cusps of 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6077939F44EC13F8BA" authority="Montfort, 1810" authorityName="Montfort" authorityYear="1810" box="[254,519,1879,1904]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6077939F44EF5BF8A5" box="[254,335,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Latirus</emphasis>
Montfort, 1810
</taxonomicName>
, are more equal in size or taper gradually from the inner to the outer cusp edge. Abbott (1958) described and figured a radula of 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6075D99F60ED5FF841" box="[692,843,1917,1940]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virginensis">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6075D99F60ED5FF841" box="[692,843,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">L. virginensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and Bullock (1968) figured radulae that he assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6077D99FBCEF59F86D" box="[180,333,1953,1976]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virginensis">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6077D99FBCEF59F86D" box="[180,333,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">L. virginensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6076E89FBCEC0DF86D" box="[389,537,1953,1976]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="attenuatus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6076E89FBCEC0DF86D" box="[389,537,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">L. attenuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(i.e., the 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6075E89FBCED03F86D" box="[645,791,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">P. v i rg i n e n s i s</emphasis>
species complex); those radulae more resemble those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6077FA9FD8EEFCF809" box="[151,232,1989,2012]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6077FA9FD8EEFCF809" box="[151,232,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Latirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than they do the radulae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6075499FD8ECB6F809" box="[548,674,1989,2012]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Peristernia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6075499FD8ECB6F809" box="[548,674,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Peristernia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6075A49FD9ED55F809" box="[713,833,1988,2012]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Benimakia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6075A49FD9ED55F809" box="[713,833,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Benimakia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Radulae of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6074969FD8EA6DF809" box="[1019,1145,1989,2012]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Peristernia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6074969FD8EA6DF809" box="[1019,1145,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Peristernia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD232EC6073DD9FD9EB3CF809" box="[1200,1320,1988,2012]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Benimakia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="17" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD232EC6073DD9FD9EB3CF809" box="[1200,1320,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">Benimakia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54CB0FCCD232EC6072429FD8EB4BF808" box="[1327,1375,1989,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
have not been reported for any western Atlantic or eastern Pacific species, and it seems unlikely that such radulae will be found among species we assign to 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD231EC63757198A1ECB1FF01" box="[540,677,188,212]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Pustulatirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC63757198A1ECB1FF01" box="[540,677,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">Pustulatirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCFB16ED231EC6377AA98C2EC12FD72" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1039]" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">
Vermeij and Snyder (2006) reassigned four living western Atlantic species and several fossils to 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD231EC63726198FDEB81FF2D" box="[1292,1429,224,248]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Pustulatirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC63726198FDEB81FF2D" box="[1292,1429,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">Pustulatirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The living species were 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD231EC6376DA9918ECACFEC9" authority="Roding" authorityName="Roding" box="[439,696,260,284]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="annulatus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC6376DA9918EC52FEC9" box="[439,582,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">P. annulatus</emphasis>
(Röding)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD231EC6375AA9918ED48FEC9" box="[711,860,261,284]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="attenuatus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC6375AA9918ED48FEC9" box="[711,860,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">P. attenuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD231EC6374F79918EA27FEC9" box="[922,1075,261,284]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virginensis">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC6374F79918EA27FEC9" box="[922,1075,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">P. virginensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[collectively the 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD231EC63726E9918EB88FEC9" box="[1283,1436,261,284]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virginensis">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC63726E9918EB88FEC9" box="[1283,1436,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">P. virginensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-complex] and 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD231EC6376FA9934EFF1FE95" box="[407,485,297,320]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Pustulatirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eppi">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC6376FA9934EFF1FE95" box="[407,485,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">P. eppi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(‘Melvill’; = 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC6375E59934ED48FE95" box="[648,860,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD231EC6375E59934ED4CFE95" box="[648,856,297,320]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="eppi" subSpecies="auctt">Latirus eppi auctt</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC6374009934ED83FE95" box="[877,919,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">non</emphasis>
Melvill, 1891, = 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD231EC63730B9934EAEBFE95" box="[1126,1279,296,320]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Pustulatirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="biocellatus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC63730B9934EAEBFE95" box="[1126,1279,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">P. biocellatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, herein). The larger size and often smooth surface of adult shells suggest 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD231EC6374409950ED93FEB1" box="[813,903,333,356]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ogum">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC6374409950ED93FEB1" box="[813,903,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">P. ogum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be more closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD231EC6373BD9950EB71FEB1" box="[1232,1381,333,356]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="virginensis">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC6373BD9950EB71FEB1" box="[1232,1381,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">P. virginensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than to other western Atlantic species, but 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD231EC637538996CECA7FE5D" box="[597,691,369,392]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ogum">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC637538996CECA7FE5D" box="[597,691,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">P. ogum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also much resembles the Panamic 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD231EC637339996CEB38FE5D" box="[1108,1324,368,392]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Pustulatirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mediamericanus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC637339996CEB38FE5D" box="[1108,1324,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">P. mediamericanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the 
<typeStatus id="54CB0FCCD231EC637201996DEB88FE5D" box="[1388,1436,368,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD231EC63767C9989EF8EFE79" box="[273,410,404,428]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Pustulatirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC63767C9989EF8EFE79" box="[273,410,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">Pustulatirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(compare 
<figureCitation id="134BADEBD231EC6375789989EC88FE79" box="[533,668,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 37" captionStartId="9.[151,263,1582,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,176,1560]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,161,1561]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 37. New World Pustulatirus species. 1 – 4. Pustulatirus mediamericanus (Hertlein and Strong, 1951). 1 – 3. ANSP 449744, 50.0 mm, off Cebaco Island, Panamá, 36.6 m. 4. Same specimen, protoconch. 5 – 7. Turbinella attenuata Reeve, 1847. Holotype, NHMUK 196735, 31.1 mm, locality unknown. 8 – 11. Latirus virginensis Abbott, 1958. 8 - 9. Holotype, ANSP 196459, 34.2 mm, St. Thomas, U. S. Virgin Islands. 10 – 11. Paratype, ANSP 34969, 26.6 mm West Indies. 12 – 13. Latirus karinae Nowell- Usticke, 1969. Lectotype, AMNH 198490, 32.7 mm, Puerto Rico. 14 – 30. Pustulatirus virginensis. 14. ANSP 449754, 41.4 mm, Las Galeras, Samana, Dominican Republic. 15. ANSP 449714, 52.7 mm, off St. Thomas, U. S. Virgin Islands. 16. ANSP 449713, 47.7 mm, St. Thomas. 17. AMNH 191464, 50.5 mm, St. Johns, Antigua. 18. ANSP 449712, 34.7 mm, off Guadeloupe, 30 - 50 m. 19 – 21. ANSP 449717, 32.6 mm, off St. Barthelemy, 100 m. 22. ANSP 249155, 29.4 mm, off East Point, Anegada Island. 23. ANSP 35033, 38.5 mm, shell figured as Latirus elegans (Gray) by Kaicher (1986), locality unknown. 24. ANSP 449716, 27.1 mm, north of Sandy Cay, West End, Grand Bahama Island, 15 - 17 m. 25. ANSP 449715, 30.0 mm, Castillo, Duarte, Dominican Republic, 1.2 m. 26. ANSP 449720, 30.6 mm, Little St. James Island, U. S. Virgin Islands, 7.3 m. 27 – 28. ANSP 449719, 20.7 mm, Bimini, Bahamas. 29 – 30. ANSP 449718, 26.7 mm, Little St. James Island, 8.3 m. 31. Hemipolygona carinifera (Lamarck, 1816). Shell erroneously labeled “ Latirus annulatus ” in Melvill-Tomlin Collection; NMWC photo. 32 – 37. Pustulatirus utilaensis new species. 32 – 34. Holotype, ANSP 449739, 29.2 mm, off Sandy Key Reef, Utila, Honduras. 35. Paratype, ANSP 449664, 26.6 mm, southwest coast of Utila. 36 – 37. Paratype, ANSP 449659, 31.6 mm, Roatán." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283573/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">Figures 1–3</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="134BADEBD231EC6375BB9989ED35FE79" box="[726,801,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 68" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1671,1694]" captionTargetBox="[236,1353,181,1653]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[236,1354,181,1654]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 68. Western Atlantic Pustulatirus and Pseudolatirus species. 38 – 42. Pustulatirus watermanorum new species. 38 – 40. Holotype, ANSP 449721, 27.4 mm, off Roatán, Honduras. 41 – 42. Paratype, ANSP 449725, 26.1 mm, off Roatán. 43 – 45. Pustulatirus eppi (Melvill, 1891) Holotype, RMNHL, 24.1 mm, Curaçao. 46 – 51. Pustulatirus biocellatus new species, Brazil. 46 – 48. Holotype, MZUSP 108767, 30.0 mm, north of Natal. 49 – 50. Paratype, ANSP 449745, 26.5 mm, off Alcobaça. 51. Paratype, ANSP 422778, 24.0 mm, off Camocim. 52 – 62. Pustulatirus ogum (Petuch, 1979), Brazil. 52 – 54. Holotype, USNM 780654, 39.3 mm, Abrolhos reef complex. 55 – 56. ANSP 449735, 53.1 mm, off Arraial do Cabo. 57 – 58. ANSP 449733, 31.8 mm, off Barra, Salvador. 59 – 61. ANSP 449799, 22.9 mm, off Cabo Frio. 62 – 64. Labral “ dentition. ” 62. Pustulatirus ogum, ANSP 449736, enlarged serratum of 35.2 mm shell, off Alcobaça, Brazil. 63. Benimakia species, ANSP 449800, labral tooth of 23.7 mm shell, Zanzibar. 64. Leucozonia nassa (Gmelin, 1791), ANSP 195297, labral tooth of 41.2 mm shell, New Providence, Bahamas. 65 – 68. Pseudolatirus tumbeziensis Olsson, 1932. 65 – 66. ANSP-IP 81622, 61.8 mm, Paraguana Peninsula Venezuela, Cantaure Formation, Miocene. 67. Same specimen, showing exterior cords and threads and edge of lip. 68. Same specimen, showing plicae in siphonal canal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283574/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">55–56</figureCitation>
). These two species are among the largest congeners in their respective regions; 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD231EC6376C399A4EC97FE05" box="[430,643,440,464]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Pustulatirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mediamericanus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC6376C399A4EC97FE05" box="[430,643,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">P. mediamericanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
attains a size of 91.0 mm sl (Pisor &amp; Poppe 2008) and is exceeded in the tropical eastern Pacific only by 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD231EC63755F99C0ECCFFE21" box="[562,731,477,500]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Pustulatirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="praestantior">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC63755F99C0ECCFFE21" box="[562,731,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">P. praestantior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD231EC63746C99C1ED7CFE21" box="[769,872,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.99" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="99.9">99.9 mm</quantity>
sl (Pisor &amp; Poppe 2008). In the tropical western Atlantic 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD231EC6377959A1CEF46FDCD" box="[248,338,513,536]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ogum">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC6377959A1CEF46FDCD" box="[248,338,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">P. ogum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, at 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD231EC63761199E2EFF4FDC2" box="[380,480,511,535]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.31" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="53.1">53.1 mm</quantity>
sl (ANSP 449735) seems to be the largest species of its genus, the next largest being 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC6377FA9A38EF3DFDE9" box="[151,297,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">P. v i rg i n e n s i s</emphasis>
at 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD231EC63763D9A39EFA0FDE9" box="[336,436,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.27" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="52.7">52.7 mm</quantity>
sl (ANSP 449714). 
<collectingCountry id="F367F1FED231EC6375F49A39ECACFDE9" box="[665,696,548,572]" name="American Samoa" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">As</collectingCountry>
with shells of 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD231EC6374329A38EA20FDE9" box="[863,1076,548,572]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Pustulatirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mediamericanus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC6374329A38EA20FDE9" box="[863,1076,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">P. mediamericanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the broad axial ribs of 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC63722F9A38EB8DFDE9" box="[1346,1433,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">P. og u m</emphasis>
assume a relatively lower profile as specimens approach maturity; the smooth surfaces of intermediate spire whorls and the initial portion of the body whorl are supplanted by spiral cords that become prominent near the terminal edge of the shell in each species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCFB16ED231EC6377AA9AA9EF5FFBDA" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1039]" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">
Petuch (1979) speculated that “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD231EC6375479AA8EC6FFD19" box="[554,635,693,716]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC6375479AA8EC6FFD19" box="[554,635,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">Latirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.” of Rios (1975) from “Couves Is.,” Estado São Paulo, depth 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD231EC6372369AA9EB83FD19" box="[1371,1431,692,716]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
, might be a juvenile shell of 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD231EC6376A19AC4EC75FD25" box="[460,609,729,752]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ogum">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC6376A19AC4EC75FD25" box="[460,609,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">Latirus ogum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but Rios 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC6375BE9AC4ED17FD25" box="[723,771,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
. (1994) assigned that specimen to their new species 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD231EC6372269AC4EF15FCC1" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="devyanae">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC6372269AC4EF15FCC1" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">Latirus devyanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The immature shell that Rios (1975) figured as 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD231EC6374299AE0ED81FCC1" box="[836,917,765,788]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC6374299AE0ED81FCC1" box="[836,917,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">Latirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. is the same shell that Rios 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC6372669AE0EB54FCC1" box="[1291,1344,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
. (1994) figured as the 
<typeStatus id="54CB0FCCD231EC63762D9B02EFB6FCE2" box="[320,418,799,823]" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD231EC6376A39B3CECF6FCED" box="[462,738,799,824]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="devyanae" subGenus="Polygona">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC6376A39B3CEFC9FCED" box="[462,477,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">L</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC6376949B3DEC70FCED" box="[505,612,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">Polygona</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC6375159B3DECF6FCED" box="[632,738,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">devyanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in their fig. 3, but that specimen is not the same shell they identified as the 
<typeStatus id="54CB0FCCD231EC6376319B59EFAAFC89" box="[348,446,836,860]" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in figs. 1 and 2. We believe the latter shell, larger and mature, is the true 36.3-mm 
<typeStatus id="54CB0FCCD231EC6377FA9B7AEEEDFCAA" box="[151,249,871,895]" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C70CAEDD231EC6376739B74EFB2FC55" box="[286,422,872,896]" class="Gastropoda" family="Fasciolariidae" genus="Latirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="devyanae">
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC6376739B74EFB2FC55" box="[286,422,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">L. devyanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The shell in fig. 3 seems to be their 
<typeStatus id="54CB0FCCD231EC63742A9B74EDB3FC54" box="[839,935,873,897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
3, the only shell that Rios 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC6373B99B74EB11FC55" box="[1236,1285,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
. (1994) cited as from Isole di Couves, São Paulo, depth 
<specimenCount id="9D767AE7D231EC63751F9B91ECA7FC71" box="[626,691,908,932]" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C881C8BD231EC63751F9B91ECBAFC71" box="[626,686,908,932]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
However, Rios (1975) reported dimensions of his Couves Is. shell as 
<date id="FFCE97AED231EC6377D89BB2EF1DFC12" box="[181,265,943,968]" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" value="1933-10-15">
33 x 
<quantity id="4C881C8BD231EC6377809BB2EF1DFC12" box="[237,265,943,967]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="15.0">15</quantity>
</date>
mm whereas Rios 
<emphasis id="B9046D7CD231EC63768C9BACEC06FC1D" box="[481,530,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
. (1994) cited 
<typeStatus id="54CB0FCCD231EC6375C29BACED1BFC1C" box="[687,783,945,969]" pageId="18" pageNumber="53" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
3 as 26.8 x 12.0 mm. Given the evident immaturity of the shell, it seems probable that the smaller reported value is correct, but the specimen should be remeasured to confirm its size.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>