355 lines
32 KiB
XML
355 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5733/afin.056.0301" ID-ISSN="2305-2562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7915060" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1683583849734" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Muller, B. S." docDate="2015" docId="039387FEFFCAE008FE26FF09FE37FAA3" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.56.3.845-918.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 56 (3)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0301" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D.3:AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Atherigona divergens Stein 1913" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="868" masterDocId="FFAAFF86FFDDE01FFFFCFFC5FFFBFFB0" masterDocTitle="Illustrated key and systematics of male South African Atherigona s. str. (Diptera: Muscidae)" masterLastPageNumber="845" masterPageNumber="845" pageNumber="868" updateTime="1683637573720" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Illustrated key and systematics of male South African Atherigona s. str. (Diptera: Muscidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Muller, B. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2015-12-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>56</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>845</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0301</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5733/afin.056.0301</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2305-2562</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7915060</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387FEFFCAE008FE26FF09FE37FAA3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387FEFFCAE008FE26FF09FE37FAA3" lastPageNumber="868" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">
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<subSubSection box="[474,849,204,230]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[181,1143,204,1299]" box="[474,849,204,230]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">
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<heading box="[474,849,204,230]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="8B4XF" authority="Stein, 1913" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1913" box="[474,849,204,230]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Atherigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergens">
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<emphasis box="[474,715,204,230]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Atherigona divergens</emphasis>
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Stein, 1913
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[629,694,244,270]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[181,1143,204,1299]" box="[629,694,244,270]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">
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<figureCitation box="[629,694,244,270]" captionStart="Figs 1–9" captionStartId="65.[181,220,1463,1485]" captionTargetBox="[199,1132,336,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-9@65.[189,1134,324,1444]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="Figs 1–9. Atherigona spp.: trifoliate process and hypopygial prominence of (1) A. divergens Stein; (2) A. tetrastigma Paterson; (3) A. parviclivis sp. n.; (4) A. parvihumilata sp. n.; (5) A. angulata Deeming; (6) A. pulla (Wiedemann); (7) A. laevigata (Loew); (8) A. bimaculata Stein; (9) A. univitatta Deeming & Overman. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7915064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7915064/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="868" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[181,1143,204,1299]" box="[181,730,280,302]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[181,730,280,302]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="8B4XF" authority="Stein, 1913: 532" authorityName="Stein" authorityPageNumber="532" authorityYear="1913" box="[181,534,280,302]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Atherigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergens">
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<emphasis box="[181,376,280,301]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Atherigona divergens</emphasis>
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Stein, 1913: 532
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation author="DEEMING, J. C." box="[543,726,280,302]" page="183" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" year="1971">
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<bibRefCitation author="DEEMING, J. C." box="[543,726,280,302]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" pagination="133 - 190" refId="ref46911" refString="DEEMING, J. C. 1971. Some species of Atherigona Rondani (Diptera, Muscidae) from northern Nigeria, with special reference to those injurious to cereal crops. Bulletin of Entomological Research 61: 133 - 190." type="journal article" year="1971">Deeming 1971: 183</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="23.[181,1143,204,1299]" box="[181,649,305,327]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[181,649,305,327]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">
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<treatmentCitation author="VAN EMDEN, F. I." box="[181,583,305,327]" page="113" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" year="1940">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="8B4Y5" authority="van Emden, 1940: 113" authorityName="van Emden" authorityPageNumber="113" authorityYear="1940" box="[181,583,305,327]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Atherigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hancocki" status="syn n.">
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<emphasis box="[181,371,305,326]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Atherigona hancocki</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="VAN EMDEN, F. I." box="[377,583,305,327]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" pagination="91 - 255" refId="ref48484" refString="VAN EMDEN, F. I. 1940. Muscidae: B. - Coenosiinae. In: British Museum (Natural History) Ruwenzori Expedition 1934 - 35 Vol. 2 no 4. 91 - 255. London: British Museum (Natural History)." type="book chapter" year="1940">van Emden, 1940: 113</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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,
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[592,649,305,326]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[592,649,305,326]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">syn n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="868" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[181,1143,204,1299]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">
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Diagnosis: This species is easily distinguishable from others by its projecting and knob-shaped proepisternum with 4 equally developed and strong setae, and its very complex and uniquely shaped quinquefoliate “trifoliate process” (
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<figureCitation box="[918,984,406,432]" captionStart="Figs 1–9" captionStartId="65.[181,220,1463,1485]" captionTargetBox="[199,1132,336,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-9@65.[189,1134,324,1444]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="Figs 1–9. Atherigona spp.: trifoliate process and hypopygial prominence of (1) A. divergens Stein; (2) A. tetrastigma Paterson; (3) A. parviclivis sp. n.; (4) A. parvihumilata sp. n.; (5) A. angulata Deeming; (6) A. pulla (Wiedemann); (7) A. laevigata (Loew); (8) A. bimaculata Stein; (9) A. univitatta Deeming & Overman. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7915064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7915064/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="23.[181,1143,204,1299]" box="[181,408,442,464]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Type material examined:</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="23.[181,1143,204,1299]" box="[181,1025,474,496]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">
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||
<typeStatus box="[181,265,474,496]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount box="[271,288,475,496]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1913" box="[319,431,474,496]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Atherigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergens">
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<emphasis box="[319,431,474,496]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">A. divergens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<collectingCountry box="[443,610,474,495]" name="South Africa" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">
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SOUTH
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<taxonomicName authority=": KwaZulu-Natal" authorityName="KwaZulu-Natal" box="[523,610,474,495]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Coenosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africa">AFRICA</taxonomicName>
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</collectingCountry>
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||
:
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<emphasis box="[618,759,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">KwaZuluNatal</emphasis>
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: ‘Durban, F. Muir’ (ZMHB).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="23.[181,1143,204,1299]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">
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||
<materialsCitation box="[181,1138,507,529]" collectingDate="1926-04-18" collectionCode="MRAC" collectorName="G. L. R. Hancock" country="Uganda" location="Kampala" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kampala" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<typeStatus box="[181,265,507,529]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
<specimenCount box="[270,287,507,528]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
of
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||
<taxonomicName authorityName="van Emden" authorityYear="1940" box="[316,422,507,528]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Atherigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hancocki">
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||
<emphasis box="[316,422,507,528]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">A. hancocki</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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||
<collectingCountry box="[433,535,507,528]" name="Uganda" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">UGANDA</collectingCountry>
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||
:
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||
<collectingRegion box="[542,624,507,529]" country="Uganda" name="Kampala" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Kampala</collectingRegion>
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||
<collectorName box="[633,781,507,529]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">G.L.R. Hancock</collectorName>
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||
<date box="[790,888,507,529]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" value="1926-04-18">
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||
<collectingDate box="[790,888,507,529]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" value="1926-04-18">18.iv.1926</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
.
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||
<bibRefCitation author="VAN EMDEN, F. I." box="[895,1049,507,529]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" pagination="91 - 255" refId="ref48484" refString="VAN EMDEN, F. I. 1940. Muscidae: B. - Coenosiinae. In: British Museum (Natural History) Ruwenzori Expedition 1934 - 35 Vol. 2 no 4. 91 - 255. London: British Museum (Natural History)." type="book chapter" year="1940">Van Emden 1940</bibRefCitation>
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||
(
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||
<collectionCode box="[1060,1132,507,528]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" type="Museum">MRAC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
. Other material examined:
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[430,601,539,560]" name="South Africa" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">
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||
SOUTH
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||
<taxonomicName authority=": KwaZulu-Natal" authorityName="KwaZulu-Natal" box="[514,601,539,560]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Coenosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africa">AFRICA</taxonomicName>
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||
</collectingCountry>
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||
:
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||
<emphasis box="[613,754,539,560]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">KwaZuluNatal</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1988-01-06" collectingDateMax="1988-01-11" collectingDateMin="1988-01-06" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="On Cassine & J. G. H. Londt" country="Uganda" elevation="1750" latitude="-29.75" location="Drakensberg Garden Caravan Park" longLatPrecision="1225" longitude="29.25" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kampala">
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||
<specimenCount box="[770,798,539,560]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387FEFFCAE008FE26FF09FE37FAA3:8EE56033FFCAE008FCD4FDDEFB89FD81" box="[808,1138,539,561]" country="Uganda" latitude="-29.75" longLatPrecision="1225" longitude="29.25" name="Drakensberg Garden Caravan Park" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" stateProvince="Kampala">Drakensberg Garden Caravan Park</location>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[181,253,563,585]" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" precision="925" value="-29.75">29°45'S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[260,334,563,585]" degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" precision="925" value="29.25">29°15'E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<emphasis box="[345,366,564,585]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">ca</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
<quantity box="[379,452,563,585]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" unit="m" value="1750.0">
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<elevation box="[379,452,563,585]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" unit="m" value="1750.0">1750 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[462,568,563,585]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">On Cassine</collectorName>
|
||
flowers,
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||
<date box="[654,765,563,585]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" value="1988-01-06" valueMax="1988-01-11" valueMin="1988-01-06">
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||
<collectingDate box="[654,765,563,585]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" value="1988-01-06" valueMax="1988-01-11" valueMin="1988-01-06">6–11.i.1988</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[777,896,563,585]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">J.G.H. Londt</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[910,981,563,584]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1990-01-05" collectingDateMax="1990-01-15" collectingDateMin="1990-01-05" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="P. E. Reavell" country="Uganda" latitude="-28.633333" location="Empangeni" longLatPrecision="1231" longitude="31.7" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Kampala">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[997,1025,563,585]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387FEFFCAE008FE26FF09FE37FAA3:8EE56033FFCAE008FBF5FDF6FB88FDF9" box="[1033,1139,563,585]" country="Uganda" latitude="-28.633333" longLatPrecision="1231" longitude="31.7" name="Empangeni" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" stateProvince="Kampala">Empangeni</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[181,252,587,608]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" precision="925" value="-28.633333">28°38'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[261,335,587,608]" degrees="31" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" precision="925" value="31.7">31°42'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[347,460,587,609]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" value="1990-01-05" valueMax="1990-01-15" valueMin="1990-01-05">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[347,460,587,609]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" value="1990-01-05" valueMax="1990-01-15" valueMin="1990-01-05">5–15.i.1990</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[472,587,587,609]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">P.E. Reavell</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod box="[599,714,587,609]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[728,799,587,608]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1997-04-09" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="K. R. Cradock" country="Uganda" latitude="-31.05" location="Port Edward" longLatPrecision="1218" longitude="30.216667" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kampala">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[817,845,587,608]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387FEFFCAE008FE26FF09FE37FAA3:8EE56033FFCAE008FCAAFD89FC36FDD1" box="[854,973,587,609]" country="Uganda" latitude="-31.05" longLatPrecision="1218" longitude="30.216667" name="Port Edward" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" stateProvince="Kampala">Port Edward</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[984,1055,587,608]" degrees="31" direction="south" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" precision="925" value="-31.05">31°03'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1063,1138,587,608]" degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" precision="925" value="30.216667">30°13'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[181,267,611,633]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" value="1997-04-09">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[181,267,611,633]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" value="1997-04-09">9.iv.1997</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[277,404,611,633]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">K.R. Cradock</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod box="[413,525,611,633]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[537,608,611,632]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2004-12-10" collectingDateMax="2004-12-13" collectingDateMin="2004-12-10" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="M. B. Mostovski" country="Uganda" elevation="1425" latitude="-28.689367" location="Royal Natal National Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.938784" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kampala">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[623,651,611,632]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387FEFFCAE008FE26FF09FE37FAA3:8EE56033FFCAE008FD6DFDA6FC78FDC9" box="[657,899,611,633]" country="Uganda" latitude="-28.689367" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.938784" name="Royal Natal National Park" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" stateProvince="Kampala">Royal Natal National Park</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[908,1018,611,633]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="41.362" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" precision="1" value="-28.689367">28°41.362'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1024,1138,611,633]" degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="56.327" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" precision="1" value="28.938784">28°56.327'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[181,254,635,657]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.425" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" unit="m" value="1425.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[181,254,635,657]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.425" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" unit="m" value="1425.0">1425 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, stream, y-wood,
|
||
<date box="[432,575,635,657]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" value="2004-12-10" valueMax="2004-12-13" valueMin="2004-12-10">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[432,575,635,657]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" value="2004-12-10" valueMax="2004-12-13" valueMin="2004-12-10">10–13.xii.2004</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[589,745,635,657]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">M.B. Mostovski</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod box="[760,878,635,657]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[896,967,635,656]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-02-15" collectingDateMax="2010-02-17" collectingDateMin="2010-02-15" collectionCode="BMSA" collectorName="Leucosedes & A. H. Kirk-Spriggs" country="Uganda" elevation="1600" latitude="-28.7063" location="Royal Natal National Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.934717" municipality="Thendele" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Kampala">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[987,1015,635,656]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387FEFFCAE008FE26FF09FE37FAA3:8EE56033FFCAE008FBFFFDBEFECCFD19" country="Uganda" latitude="-28.7063" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.934717" municipality="Thendele" name="Royal Natal National Park" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" stateProvince="Kampala">Royal Natal National Park</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[321,408,659,681]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Thendele</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[419,529,659,680]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="42.378" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" precision="1" value="-28.7063">28°42.378'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[537,651,659,681]" degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="56.083" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" precision="1" value="28.934717">28°56.083'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[662,735,659,681]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" unit="m" value="1600.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[662,735,659,681]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[746,850,659,680]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">
|
||
<collectorName box="[746,850,659,680]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Leucosedes</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[865,968,659,680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Leucosidea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[865,968,659,680]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Leucosidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] dominated scrub,
|
||
<date box="[181,312,683,705]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" value="2010-02-15" valueMax="2010-02-17" valueMin="2010-02-15">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[181,312,683,705]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" value="2010-02-15" valueMax="2010-02-17" valueMin="2010-02-15">15–17.ii.2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[320,491,683,705]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">A.H. Kirk-Spriggs</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod box="[500,612,683,705]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[624,692,683,704]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7is6-1zj2" name="National Museum Bloemfontein" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">BMSA</collectionCode>
|
||
(D) 19729, 19592, 19742, 19797)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[181,1143,204,1299]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">
|
||
Distribution: as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1913" box="[363,502,720,746]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Atherigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[363,502,720,746]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">A. divergens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[517,663,720,746]" name="South Africa" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
; as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="van Emden" authorityYear="1940" box="[705,838,720,746]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Atherigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hancocki">
|
||
<emphasis box="[705,838,720,746]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">A. hancocki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[853,1007,720,747]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1018,1138,720,746]" name="Cameroon" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[181,257,753,779]" name="Kenya" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[269,364,752,778]" name="Rwanda" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[374,519,752,778]" name="South Africa" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[530,634,752,778]" name="Tanzania" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[645,736,752,778]" name="Uganda" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[181,1143,204,1299]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">
|
||
Discussion:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="van Emden" authorityName="van Emden" authorityYear="1940" box="[322,594,792,819]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Atherigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hancocki">
|
||
<emphasis box="[322,456,792,819]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">A. hancocki</emphasis>
|
||
van Emden
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has since its initial description been one of the stranger species within the subgenus, with it being the only species with a quinquefoliate “trifoliate process”. One could be excused for thinking it impossible that it could actually become a junior synonym.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Stein" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1913" box="[682,888,889,915]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Atherigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[682,822,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">A. divergens</emphasis>
|
||
Stein
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently housed in the ZMHB, after being thought lost together with numerous other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1856" box="[947,1073,921,947]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Atherigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[947,1073,921,947]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Atherigona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
types until its “rediscovery” in the early 2000s.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1913" box="[676,819,953,979]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Atherigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[676,819,953,979]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">A. divergens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a relatively incomplete description (as do most species described at that time), but I was fortunate enough to have been able to examine both
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1913" box="[598,741,1017,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Atherigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[598,741,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">A. divergens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[803,946,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="van Emden" authorityYear="1940" box="[803,942,1017,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Atherigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hancocki">A. hancocki</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and was able to compare the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[324,422,1049,1075]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1913" box="[457,595,1049,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Atherigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[457,595,1049,1075]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">A. divergens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the original description
|
||
<emphasis box="[893,1058,1049,1075]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="van Emden" authorityYear="1940" box="[920,1054,1049,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Atherigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hancocki">A. hancocki</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
as well as the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[256,357,1081,1107]" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, and it is identical to many of the diagnostic features of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="van Emden" authorityYear="1940" box="[1001,1134,1081,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Atherigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hancocki">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1001,1134,1081,1107]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">A. hancocki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[181,220,1113,1138]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">viz.</emphasis>
|
||
the proepisternum knob-shaped with four equally developed and strong setae; the hypopygial prominence absent; the frontal plates infuscated and glossy; the frontal vitta dull infuscated. Unfortunately the trifoliate process of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1913" box="[873,1015,1177,1203]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Atherigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[873,1015,1177,1203]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">A. divergens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is missing so that cannot be compared. From the combination of characters (many considered unique to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="van Emden" authorityYear="1940" box="[292,423,1241,1267]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Atherigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hancocki">
|
||
<emphasis box="[292,423,1241,1267]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">A. hancocki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="van Emden" authorityYear="1940" box="[445,679,1241,1267]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Atherigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hancocki">
|
||
<emphasis box="[445,679,1241,1267]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Atherigona hancocki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is hereby designated as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1913" box="[212,453,1273,1299]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Atherigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[212,453,1273,1299]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="868">Atherigona divergens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |