722 lines
98 KiB
XML
722 lines
98 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="439B986C9C03E7697EC3A94FD1330699">Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="58CE17B30766D802D69C72B75FBF6287">Esselstyn, Jacob A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C59039996B70B51293554C6724540601">Achmadi, Anang S.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="038AB3180137E93F4DEEFC98FC5FB661" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5795526" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191690920" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5795526" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:980DF37A-D8F0-4DBF-877C-A11C04F55FC1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038AB3180137E93F4DEEFC98FC5FB661" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
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<heading id="D0D4B5620137E9214DEEFC98FB17B737" box="[733,1162,794,819]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C0137E9214DEEFC98FB9EB737" bold="true" box="[733,1027,794,819]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0137E9214DEEFC98FC61B736" authority="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe, 2021" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[733,1020,794,818]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C0137E9214DEEFC98FC61B736" bold="true" box="[733,1020,794,818]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">Crocidura pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26463670137E9214B39FC99FB17B737" box="[1034,1162,795,819]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<collectionCode id="ED329ACB0137E9214C01FCCEFCF3B760" box="[818,878,844,868]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">LSID</collectionCode>
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9214D9FFC46FC06B7FA" blockId="46.[684,1175,964,1091]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3325200137E9214D9FFC46FC06B7FA" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
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<heading id="D0D4B5620137E9214D9FFC46FBB0B7D8" box="[684,1069,964,988]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" reason="6">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A82241F0137E9214D9FFC46FBB4B7D8" author="Ruedi, M." box="[684,1065,964,988]" page="255" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" year="1995">
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<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0137E9214D9FFC46FBB4B7D8" ID-CoL="ZK7D" authority="Ruedi, 1995: 255" authorityName="Ruedi" authorityPageNumber="255" authorityYear="1995" box="[684,1065,964,988]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C0137E9214D9FFC46FCF1B7D8" box="[684,876,964,988]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">Crocidura rhoditis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB27FFF0137E9214C40FC46FBB4B7D8" author="Ruedi, M." box="[883,1065,964,988]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" pagination="211 - 265" refId="ref60758" refString="Ruedi, M. 1995. Taxonomic revision of shrews of the genus Crocidura from the Sunda Shelf and Sulawesi with description of two new species (Mammalia: Soricidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 115: 211 - 265." type="journal article" year="1995">Ruedi, 1995: 255</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</heading>
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Misidentification.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9214FA6FC68FF22B7FA" blockId="46.[115,605,1002,1501]" box="[149,191,1002,1022]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">11.5</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9214E2DFB8EFE0CB024" blockId="46.[115,605,1002,1501]" box="[286,401,1036,1056]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">Mt. Ambang</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9214D9FFB8AFC06B047" blockId="46.[684,1175,964,1091]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3325200137E9214D9FFB8AFC06B047" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A82241F0137E9214D9FFB8AFB0EB024" author="Esselstyn, J. A. & A. S. Achmadi & H. Handika & T. C. Giarla & K. C. Rowe" box="[684,1171,1032,1057]" page="1716" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" year="2019">
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<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0137E9214D9FFB8AFB0EB024" ID-CoL="ZK7D" authority="Esselstyn et al., 2019: 1716" authorityName="Esselstyn et al., 2019:" authorityPageNumber="1716" authorityYear="1716" box="[684,1171,1032,1057]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C0137E9214D9FFB8AFCF1B024" box="[684,876,1032,1056]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">Crocidura rhoditis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB27FFF0137E9214C40FB8AFB0EB024" author="Esselstyn, J. A. & A. S. Achmadi & H. Handika & T. C. Giarla & K. C. Rowe" box="[883,1171,1032,1057]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" pagination="1713 - 1725" refId="ref57055" refString="Esselstyn, J. A., A. S. Achmadi, H. Handika, T. C. Giarla, and K. C. Rowe. 2019. A new climbing shrew from Sulawesi highlights the tangled taxonomy of an endemic radiation. Journal of Mammalogy 100: 1713 - 1725." type="journal article" year="2019">Esselstyn et al., 2019: 1716</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. Misidentification.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9214F40FB9CFF22B082" blockId="46.[115,605,1002,1501]" box="[115,191,1054,1169]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">BREADTH 10.5</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9214F99FBACFE3BB04A" blockId="46.[115,605,1002,1501]" box="[170,422,1070,1102]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">11 Sulawesi-wide</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33951850137E9204DFFFBDDFE56B627" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530137E9204DFFFBDDFE56B627" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079338" collectingDate="2016-02-22" collectionCode="LSUMZ" country="Indonesia" elevation="1481" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="47" latitude="0.76385" location="Passi Timur" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="124.41188" municipality="Bolaang Mondgondow" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara" typeStatus="holotype">
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9204DFFFBDDFF57B59B" blockId="46.[684,1213,1119,1242]" lastBlockId="47.[108,638,226,1738]" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
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<typeStatus id="5498BCAC0137E9214DFFFBDDFCD9B073" box="[716,836,1119,1143]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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: MZB 43002 (=
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<collectionCode id="ED329ACB0137E9214B3BFBDDFBFDB073" box="[1032,1120,1119,1143]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ew6z-dwdm" name="Louisiana State University, Musuem of Zoology" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">LSUMZ</collectionCode>
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39310), an adult female, collected on
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<date id="FF9D24CE0137E9214CCBFB02FB21B093" box="[1016,1212,1151,1176]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" value="2016-02-22">
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<collectingDate id="EFD9DD260137E9214CCBFB02FB21B093" box="[1016,1212,1151,1176]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" value="2016-02-22">22 February 2016</collectingDate>
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</date>
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by H. Handika. The specimen was prepared as a cleaned skull and skeleton, study skin, stomach, intestine, and frozen tissues. External measurements from the type are
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<quantity id="4CDBAFEB0136E9204E4FFE81FE4AB51E" box="[380,471,259,283]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.48" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="148.0">148 mm</quantity>
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×
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<quantity id="4CDBAFEB0136E9204EC6FE81FDD9B51E" box="[501,580,259,283]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
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×
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<quantity id="4CDBAFEB0136E9204D51FE81FF07B53F" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
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×
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<quantity id="4CDBAFEB0136E9204F85FEA6FE99B53F" box="[182,260,292,316]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
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=
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<quantity id="4CDBAFEB0136E9204E13FEA6FED2B538" box="[288,335,292,316]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.1" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" unit="g" value="11.0">11 g</quantity>
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. The voucher specimen and a tissue sample will be permanently curated at MZB, with another tissue sample retained at LSUMZ.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9214F40FB15FF20B0CE" blockId="46.[115,605,1002,1501]" box="[115,192,1175,1313]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">BRAINCASE 9.5 10</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF5C52860137E9214D98FB79FC6AB2CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789797" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5789797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789797/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" startId="46.[683,724,1275,1296]" targetBox="[115,605,250,1501]" targetPageId="46">
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<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9214D98FB79FC6AB2CD" blockId="46.[682,1212,1273,1737]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
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FIG. 23. Box plots summarizing head-and-body length, condyloincisive length, and braincase breadth measurements for members of the Rhoditis Group. Data from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0137E9214C2DFAD3FC48B16D" authorityName="Esselstyn et al., 2019:" authorityYear="1716" box="[798,981,1361,1385]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0137E9214C2DFAD3FC48B16D" box="[798,981,1361,1385]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">Crocidura rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0137E9214B3EFAD0FB27B16D" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[1037,1210,1361,1385]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0137E9214B3EFAD0FB27B16D" box="[1037,1210,1361,1385]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">C. pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are divided into two boxes. Dark gray boxes show all available measurements from across the species range while light gray boxes show only samples taken on Mt. Ambang, where the two species occur in syntopy. Note that the differences between these two species are greater on Mt. Ambang than they are for the islandwide sample. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. All measurements in mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9214F81FABCFE21B14C" blockId="46.[115,605,1002,1501]" box="[178,444,1334,1362]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
|
||
9
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED329ACB0137E9214FC3FABDFF60B155" box="[240,253,1343,1361]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
|
||
= 5
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED329ACB0137E9214E7CFABDFEC1B155" box="[335,348,1343,1361]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
|
||
= 27
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED329ACB0137E9214E90FABDFE32B155" box="[419,431,1343,1361]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
|
||
=
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9214EF2FAAFFE4EB13B" blockId="46.[115,605,1002,1501]" box="[449,467,1325,1343]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">35</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9214EF5FAC2FE92B187" blockId="46.[115,605,1002,1501]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED329ACB0137E9214EF5FAC2FE4FB156" box="[454,466,1344,1362]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
|
||
= 76
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED329ACB0137E9214D3AFABBFD88B14F" box="[521,533,1337,1355]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
|
||
= 10
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED329ACB0137E9214D1EFAB8FDA4B148" box="[557,569,1338,1356]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
|
||
= 20
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0137E9214FDEFAEDFE92B187" box="[237,271,1391,1411]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">ralis</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9214FF9FA01FEAAB19F" blockId="46.[115,605,1002,1501]" box="[202,311,1411,1435]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0137E9214FF9FA01FEAAB19F" box="[202,311,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
|
||
aust
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0137E9214E10FA05FEAAB19F" box="[291,311,1415,1435]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">C.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9214E08FAFBFEEDB189" blockId="46.[115,605,1002,1501]" box="[315,368,1401,1421]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0137E9214E08FAFBFEEDB189" box="[315,368,1401,1421]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9214EE8FA09FE73B19B" blockId="46.[115,605,1002,1501]" box="[475,494,1419,1439]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0137E9214EE8FA09FE73B19B" box="[475,494,1419,1439]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0137E9214EE8FA09FE73B19B" box="[475,494,1419,1439]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">C.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9214EC1FAFFFDB3B195" blockId="46.[115,605,1002,1501]" box="[498,558,1405,1425]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0137E9214EC1FAFFFDB3B195" box="[498,558,1405,1425]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9214F80FA12FF5BB1A0" blockId="46.[115,605,1002,1501]" box="[179,198,1424,1444]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0137E9214F80FA12FF5BB1A0" box="[179,198,1424,1444]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0137E9214F80FA12FF5BB1A0" box="[179,198,1424,1444]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">C.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9214E7CFA27FE5AB1BD" blockId="46.[115,605,1002,1501]" box="[335,455,1445,1465]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0137E9214E7CFA27FE5AB1BD" box="[335,455,1445,1465]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9214E04FA30FED6B1C2" blockId="46.[115,605,1002,1501]" box="[311,331,1458,1478]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0137E9214E04FA30FED6B1C2" box="[311,331,1458,1478]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED329ACB0137E9214E04FA30FEDAB1C2" box="[311,327,1458,1478]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="46" pageNumber="46" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0137E9214E51FA44FE57B1D9" blockId="46.[115,605,1002,1501]" box="[354,458,1478,1501]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED329ACB0137E9214E51FA44FE57B1D9" box="[354,458,1478,1501]" pageId="46" pageNumber="46">SPECIES</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0136E9204FBFFE2BFE56B627" blockId="47.[108,638,226,1738]" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">
|
||
TYPE LOCALITY:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F334429E0136E9204E7DFE2AFE20B5C4" box="[334,445,424,448]" name="Indonesia" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0136E9204EFDFE2AFDEAB5C4" box="[462,631,424,448]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">Sulawesi Utara</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF898740136E9204F5FFE4BFEF1B5E5" box="[108,364,457,481]" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">Bolaang Mondgondow</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFC54D50136E9204E49FE4BFD9BB5E5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038AB3180137E93F4DEEFC98FC5FB661:8EFC54D50136E9204E49FE4BFD9BB5E5" box="[378,518,457,481]" country="Indonesia" latitude="0.76385" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="124.41188" municipality="Bolaang Mondgondow" name="Passi Timur" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Passi Timur</location>
|
||
; Insil;
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF898740136E9204D65FE48FF4CB606" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">Mt. Ambang</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A2E1B2C0136E9204FD8FE69FE53B606" box="[235,462,490,514]" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">near Lake Aliyah</locationDeviation>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1764C90136E9204EDBFE68FDEAB606" box="[488,631,490,514]" degrees="0.76385" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" precision="1" value="0.76385">0.76385° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1764C90136E9204F5FFD89FF61B627" box="[108,252,523,547]" degrees="124.41188" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" precision="1" value="124.41188">124.41188° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB0136E9204E3BFD89FEC7B627" box="[264,346,523,547]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4809999999999999" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="1481.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000EE53D0136E9204E3BFD89FEC7B627" box="[264,346,523,547]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4809999999999999" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="1481.0">1481 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
elevation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33951850136E9204FBEFDAEFE9DB682" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0136E9204FBEFDAEFE9DB682" blockId="47.[108,638,226,1738]" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">
|
||
ETYMOLOGY: We combine “pseudo” with “rhoditis” because this species looks very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204FBAFDEDFF67B682" authorityName="Esselstyn et al., 2019:" authorityYear="1716" box="[137,250,622,646]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204FBAFDEDFF67B682" box="[137,250,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33951850136E9204FBFFD12FE6DB0FF" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0136E9204FBFFD12FE6DB0FF" blockId="47.[108,638,226,1738]" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">
|
||
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: We recorded this species from the northwestern portion of the west-central area of endemism (Mts. Torompupu and Rorekatimbo,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0136E9204E71FD71FDEDB70F" box="[322,624,755,779]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Tengah" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">Central Sulawesi Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
), and the north-west and north-east areas of endemism of the northern peninsula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0136E9204ECBFCB7FDDBB749" box="[504,582,821,845]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="41.[107,149,1051,1072]" captionTargetId="graphics-253@41.[279,1049,225,1023]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIG. 20. Map of Sulawesi showing localities sampled for shrews. Colored areas enclose localities with known records of members of the Rhoditis Group of Sulawesi Crocidura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789795/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
; Mt. Dako,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0136E9204F87FCD4FE4FB76A" box="[180,466,854,878]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Tengah" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">Central Sulawesi Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
; Mt. Buliohuto,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0136E9204F5EFCF5FED2B78B" box="[109,335,887,911]" country="Indonesia" name="Gorontalo" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">Gorontalo Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
; and Mt. Ambang,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7CCEC0136E9204D0AFCF5FEA8B7B4" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">North Sulawesi Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
). The absence of records from the north-central area of endemism is almost certainly due to the lack of general mammal surveys and specimens from this region. Both specimens we report from Mt. Rorekatimbo were trapped by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB27FFF0136E9204FD9FBBFFEE1B051" author="Ruedi, M." box="[234,380,1085,1109]" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" pagination="211 - 265" refId="ref60758" refString="Ruedi, M. 1995. Taxonomic revision of shrews of the genus Crocidura from the Sunda Shelf and Sulawesi with description of two new species (Mammalia: Soricidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 115: 211 - 265." type="journal article" year="1995">Ruedi (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; we did not collect any
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204F5DFBDCFE19B072" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[110,388,1118,1142]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204F5DFBDCFE19B072" box="[110,388,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">Crocidura pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on Mt. Rorekatimbo, despite working at similar elevations. We found this species at a range of elevations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0136E9204ECEFB22FDD9B0BD" box="[509,580,1184,1209]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="31.[104,146,1395,1419]" captionTargetBox="[104,1603,469,1356]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@31.[188,1530,466,1251]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIG. 13. Elevational records of all species of Crocidura known from Sulawesi. Each point represents a specimen. For specimens associated with a minimum and maximum elevation, we used the center of the given elevational range. Sample sizes are given above the x-axis. Species are grouped according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788859/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
), the low on Mt. Buliohuto (
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB0136E9204E5CFB43FE24B0DE" box="[367,441,1217,1242]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||
) and the high on Mt. Rorekatimbo (
|
||
<quantity id="4CDBAFEB0136E9204E05FB61FE11B0FE" box="[310,396,1251,1275]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B50136E9204EABFB61FE7FB0FF" box="[408,482,1251,1275]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="27.[611,691,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[117,1200,329,1675]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="TABLE 3 Elevational Ranges (m) and Species Richness of Crocidura on Mountains of Sulawesia" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860102E9144D50FF60FBDEB51A" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" tableUuid="DF5C52860102E9144D50FF60FBDEB51A">table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33951850136E9204FBFFA86FBC3B6CC" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0136E9204FBFFA86FBC3B6CC" blockId="47.[108,638,226,1738]" lastBlockId="47.[684,1214,226,1738]" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">
|
||
DIAGNOSIS:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204E2DFA86FDA2B118" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[286,575,1284,1308]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204E2DFA86FDA2B118" box="[286,575,1284,1308]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">Crocidura pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a moderately large shrew (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B50136E9204E47FAA7FE54B139" box="[372,457,1317,1341]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="25.[610,690,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1184,329,1682]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="TABLE 2 Descriptive Statisticsa for External Measurements (mm) and Mass (g) for Species of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860100E9164D51FF60FBE5B523" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" tableUuid="DF5C52860100E9164D51FF60FBE5B523">tables 2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B50136E9204EE7FAA7FE7FB139" box="[468,482,1317,1341]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="42.[610,690,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1176,329,1110]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="TABLE 7 Descriptive Statisticsa for Craniodental Measurements (mm) for Species of the Rhoditis Group of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860133E9254D51FF60FB27B523" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" tableUuid="DF5C52860133E9254D51FF60FB27B523">7</tableCitation>
|
||
) with a somewhat stocky build, medium gray, moderately bicolored pelage, a tail that is shorter than headand-body length, and dorsal foot surfaces that range from light gray-brown to pinkish white. The forefeet are paler than the hind feet and the claws are unpigmented and accompanied by a small tuft of white hairs on the hands, but on the hind feet, some of these hairs are dark. The tail is barely dorsoventrally bicolored proximally, but this transitions to a uniformly colored tail for the distal half of tail length. The tail has only sparse bristles over the proximal half of its length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0136E9204D80FF60FC93B4FE" box="[691,782,226,250]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="43.[108,149,1497,1518]" captionTargetBox="[109,1212,224,1470]" captionTargetId="figure-106@43.[108,1212,224,1471]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIG. 21. Images showing the ventral surface of the hind foot and dorsal surfaces of the tail base (approximately 1 cm from rump) and tail tip from the four members of the Rhoditis Group: A, Crocidura australis, MVZ 237610 (right hind foot); B, C. pallida, FMNH 210582 (left hind foot); C, C. pseudorhoditis, LSUMZ 39040 (right hind foot); and D, C. rhoditis, LSUMZ 39296 (left hind foot). Scale bars represent 5 mm. When two scale bars are present in a panel, the upper applies to the foot and the lower to the tail." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788871/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">fig. 21C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lips are gray-brown, but the nose is distinctly paler. The palmar surface ranges from gray-brown to white, being palest on the digits. The color of the plantar surface also transitions from darker to paler colors toward the digits (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0136E9204DCBFE05FCCEB59B" box="[760,851,391,415]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="43.[108,149,1497,1518]" captionTargetBox="[109,1212,224,1470]" captionTargetId="figure-106@43.[108,1212,224,1471]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIG. 21. Images showing the ventral surface of the hind foot and dorsal surfaces of the tail base (approximately 1 cm from rump) and tail tip from the four members of the Rhoditis Group: A, Crocidura australis, MVZ 237610 (right hind foot); B, C. pallida, FMNH 210582 (left hind foot); C, C. pseudorhoditis, LSUMZ 39040 (right hind foot); and D, C. rhoditis, LSUMZ 39296 (left hind foot). Scale bars represent 5 mm. When two scale bars are present in a panel, the upper applies to the foot and the lower to the tail." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788871/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">fig. 21C</figureCitation>
|
||
), but all aspects are darker than on the forefeet. The skull is long (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B50136E9204B02FE2AFB1DB5C4" box="[1073,1152,424,448]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="42.[610,690,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1176,329,1110]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="TABLE 7 Descriptive Statisticsa for Craniodental Measurements (mm) for Species of the Rhoditis Group of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860133E9254D51FF60FB27B523" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" tableUuid="DF5C52860133E9254D51FF60FB27B523">table 7</tableCitation>
|
||
) and broader at the braincase and interorbital region than expected given its length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0136E9204CC8FE68FBD7B606" box="[1019,1098,490,514]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[108,150,1414,1435]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@26.[213,1196,224,1265]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 10. Box plots of relative skull measures showing braincase breadth (BB), interorbital width (IOW), and rostral length (RL) divided by condyloincisive length (CIL) and BB divided by IOW for all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789149/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">figs. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0136E9204B67FE68FB1FB606" box="[1108,1154,490,514]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[109,151,1267,1288]" captionTargetBox="[109,1212,224,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-169@44.[108,1212,224,1240]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 22. Images showing dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral and occlusal views of the dentary from two members of the Rhoditis Group: A, Crocidura rhoditis, LSUMZ 39050 and B, C. pseudorhoditis, LSUMZ 39310." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788875/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">22B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The rostrum is long relative to the postpalatal portion of skull length, reflected in the RL/CIL (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0136E9204B54FDAEFB32B640" box="[1127,1199,556,580]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[108,150,1414,1435]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@26.[213,1196,224,1265]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 10. Box plots of relative skull measures showing braincase breadth (BB), interorbital width (IOW), and rostral length (RL) divided by condyloincisive length (CIL) and BB divided by IOW for all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789149/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). The suture between the squamosal and parietal bones is often open and in the shape of a sickle blade just below the opening of the sinus canal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0136E9204D87FD32FC90B6CD" box="[692,781,688,713]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[109,151,1267,1288]" captionTargetBox="[109,1212,224,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-169@44.[108,1212,224,1240]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 22. Images showing dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral and occlusal views of the dentary from two members of the Rhoditis Group: A, Crocidura rhoditis, LSUMZ 39050 and B, C. pseudorhoditis, LSUMZ 39310." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788875/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">fig. 22B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The maxillary bridge is wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33951850136E93F4DFFFD50FDE7B728" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0136E93F4DFFFD50FDE7B728" blockId="47.[684,1214,226,1738]" lastBlockId="48.[108,638,226,1738]" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">
|
||
COMPARISONS:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204CB3FD50FB01B6EE" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[896,1180,722,746]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204CB3FD50FB01B6EE" box="[896,1180,722,746]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">Crocidura pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204C78FD71FC59B70F" authorityName="Esselstyn et al., 2019:" authorityYear="1716" box="[843,964,755,779]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204C78FD71FC59B70F" box="[843,964,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204CEBFD71FBC7B70F" box="[984,1114,755,779]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204CEBFD71FBC7B70F" box="[984,1114,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204B97FD71FCDFB728" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quasielongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204B97FD71FCDFB728" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. quasielongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204B26FC96FC94B749" authority=", Rhoditis" authorityName="Rhoditis" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudipilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204B26FC96FB2BB728" box="[1045,1206,788,812]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. caudipilosa</emphasis>
|
||
, Rhoditis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Group members
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204CF4FCB7FBA2B749" box="[967,1087,821,845]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204CF4FCB7FBA2B749" box="[967,1087,821,845]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204B47FCB7FD48B76A" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204B47FCB7FD48B76A" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all members of the Small-Bodied Group, and all members of the Ordinary Group except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204D9FFC1AFC81B7B4" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[684,796,920,944]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204D9FFC1AFC81B7B4" box="[684,796,920,944]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is similarly sized (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0136E9204B1CFC1AFBE9B7B4" box="[1071,1140,920,944]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="40.[108,150,842,863]" captionTargetBox="[111,1207,230,816]" captionTargetId="graphics-658@40.[614,961,223,766]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIG. 19. Bivariate plots showing the first two principal components from analyses of 12 cranial variables in the Rhoditis Group. Panel A shows analysis of individuals sampled syntopically on Mt. Ambang (C. pseudorhoditis and C. rhoditis) and panel B shows individuals sampled across the island. Loadings and variance explained by component axes are presented in table 6." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788869/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B50136E9204B4DFC1AFD26B7D5" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="25.[610,690,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1184,329,1682]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="TABLE 2 Descriptive Statisticsa for External Measurements (mm) and Mass (g) for Species of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860100E9164D51FF60FBE5B523" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" tableUuid="DF5C52860100E9164D51FF60FBE5B523">tables 2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B50136E9204DFFFC3BFD41B7D5" box="[716,732,953,977]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="42.[610,690,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1176,329,1110]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="TABLE 7 Descriptive Statisticsa for Craniodental Measurements (mm) for Species of the Rhoditis Group of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860133E9254D51FF60FB27B523" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" tableUuid="DF5C52860133E9254D51FF60FB27B523">7</tableCitation>
|
||
). The body of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204CA0FC3BFBCAB7D5" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[915,1111,953,977]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204CA0FC3BFBCAB7D5" box="[915,1111,953,977]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more robust than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204CA3FC59FBD9B7F6" box="[912,1092,986,1010]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microelongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204CA3FC59FBD9B7F6" box="[912,1092,986,1010]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. microelongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204B62FC59FD5EB017" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204B62FC59FD5EB017" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204C32FC7EFCF4B017" box="[769,873,1019,1043]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204C32FC7EFCF4B017" box="[769,873,1019,1043]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but less stocky than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204B42FC7EFD46B030" authorityName="Esselstyn et al., 2019:" authorityYear="1716" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204B42FC7EFD46B030" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204C10FB9FFC54B030" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[803,969,1052,1076]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudicrassa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204C10FB9FFC54B030" box="[803,969,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. caudicrassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0136E9204CD3FB9EFBACB030" box="[992,1073,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="37.[107,149,993,1014]" captionTargetBox="[134,1190,224,965]" captionTargetId="graphics-291@37.[206,1189,224,845]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIG. 17. Box plots showing the length of the hind foot (HF) relative to the head-and-body length (HBL) and the ratio of mass to HBL. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered along the x-axis according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group). Lengths are in mm and mass is in grams." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788865/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204B7EFB9EFCDAB051" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204B7EFB9EFCDAB051" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">Crocidura pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is slightly darker (both pelage and feet) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204C28FBDDFC17B072" authorityName="Esselstyn et al., 2019:" authorityYear="1716" box="[795,906,1118,1142]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204C28FBDDFC17B072" box="[795,906,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and tail bristles, though not abundant, are still more prevalent than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204B42FB02FD47B0BC" authorityName="Esselstyn et al., 2019:" authorityYear="1716" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204B42FB02FD47B0BC" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0136E9204DD8FB22FCABB0BD" box="[747,822,1184,1209]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="43.[108,149,1497,1518]" captionTargetBox="[109,1212,224,1470]" captionTargetId="figure-106@43.[108,1212,224,1471]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIG. 21. Images showing the ventral surface of the hind foot and dorsal surfaces of the tail base (approximately 1 cm from rump) and tail tip from the four members of the Rhoditis Group: A, Crocidura australis, MVZ 237610 (right hind foot); B, C. pallida, FMNH 210582 (left hind foot); C, C. pseudorhoditis, LSUMZ 39040 (right hind foot); and D, C. rhoditis, LSUMZ 39296 (left hind foot). Scale bars represent 5 mm. When two scale bars are present in a panel, the upper applies to the foot and the lower to the tail." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788871/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
). The thenar and hypothenar pads on the hind foot are both more rounded than the oblong pads of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204C51FB61FC45B0FF" authorityName="Esselstyn et al., 2019:" authorityYear="1716" box="[866,984,1251,1275]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204C51FB61FC45B0FF" box="[866,984,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0136E9204CD8FB61FBA5B0FF" box="[1003,1080,1251,1275]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="43.[108,149,1497,1518]" captionTargetBox="[109,1212,224,1470]" captionTargetId="figure-106@43.[108,1212,224,1471]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIG. 21. Images showing the ventral surface of the hind foot and dorsal surfaces of the tail base (approximately 1 cm from rump) and tail tip from the four members of the Rhoditis Group: A, Crocidura australis, MVZ 237610 (right hind foot); B, C. pallida, FMNH 210582 (left hind foot); C, C. pseudorhoditis, LSUMZ 39040 (right hind foot); and D, C. rhoditis, LSUMZ 39296 (left hind foot). Scale bars represent 5 mm. When two scale bars are present in a panel, the upper applies to the foot and the lower to the tail." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788871/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204B7CFB61FCD7B118" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204B7CFB61FCD7B118" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">Crocidura pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar in pelage color to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204B97FA86FC9BB139" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204B97FA86FC9BB139" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204C72FAA7FC31B139" box="[833,940,1317,1341]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204C72FAA7FC31B139" box="[833,940,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Braincase breadth relative to skull length is greater than in many of the species with somewhat similar body sizes, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204C28FA0AFC16B1A4" authorityName="Esselstyn et al., 2019:" authorityYear="1716" box="[795,907,1416,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204C28FA0AFC16B1A4" box="[795,907,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and all Elongata Subgroup and Thick-Tailed Group species. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204B97FA2BFD6BB1E6" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204B97FA2BFD6BB1E6" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is comparable in this regard, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204B43FA49FD7FB207" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204B43FA49FD7FB207" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an even greater relative skull breadth no matter where it is measured (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0136E9204B1DF98EFBE6B220" box="[1070,1147,1548,1572]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[108,150,1414,1435]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@26.[213,1196,224,1265]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 10. Box plots of relative skull measures showing braincase breadth (BB), interorbital width (IOW), and rostral length (RL) divided by condyloincisive length (CIL) and BB divided by IOW for all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789149/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). The braincase is a bit more angular in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204B14F9ACFD44B262" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204B14F9ACFD44B262" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204C0FF9CDFC30B262" authorityName="Esselstyn et al., 2019:" authorityYear="1716" box="[828,941,1614,1638]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204C0FF9CDFC30B262" box="[828,941,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with the widest part of the cranium in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0136E9204C5AF9F2FBB0B283" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[873,1069,1647,1671]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="47" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0136E9204C5AF9F2FBB0B283" box="[873,1069,1647,1671]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">C. pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forming an obtuse point (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0136E9204C71F912FC17B2AD" box="[834,906,1680,1705]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="44.[109,151,1267,1288]" captionTargetBox="[109,1212,224,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-169@44.[108,1212,224,1240]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIG. 22. Images showing dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral and occlusal views of the dentary from two members of the Rhoditis Group: A, Crocidura rhoditis, LSUMZ 39050 and B, C. pseudorhoditis, LSUMZ 39310." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788875/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="47">fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, the angularity of the braincase does not reach the degree seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0129E93F4F5FFF60FF7FB4FD" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[108,226,226,249]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0129E93F4F5FFF60FF7FB4FD" box="[108,226,226,249]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">C. nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The ratio of rostral length to skull length is large in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0129E93F4E1AFE81FE7FB51F" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[297,482,259,283]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0129E93F4E1AFE81FE7FB51F" box="[297,482,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">C. pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and exceeded only by that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0129E93F4E10FEA6FE04B538" authorityName="Esselstyn et al., 2019:" authorityYear="1716" box="[291,409,292,316]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0129E93F4E10FEA6FE04B538" box="[291,409,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the other Rhoditis Group members have comparatively short relative rostral lengths (RL/CIL) and outside the Rhoditis Group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0129E93F4E1BFE05FE01B59B" authorityName="Miller and Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[296,412,391,415]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0129E93F4E1BFE05FE01B59B" box="[296,412,391,415]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">C. nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the two Thick- Tailed species (defined below) are comparable (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0129E93F4F47FE4BFF5CB5E5" box="[116,193,457,481]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[108,150,1414,1435]" captionTargetId="graphics-12@26.[213,1196,224,1265]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 10. Box plots of relative skull measures showing braincase breadth (BB), interorbital width (IOW), and rostral length (RL) divided by condyloincisive length (CIL) and BB divided by IOW for all species of Sulawesi shrew. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. Species are ordered according to the species groups used in the text (Thick = Thick-Tailed Group)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789149/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0129E93F4FE9FE4BFE6FB5E5" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[218,498,457,481]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0129E93F4FE9FE4BFE6FB5E5" box="[218,498,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">Crocidura pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is larger in head-and-body length, foot length, and all cranial dimensions than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0129E93F4E6DFD8EFE45B627" box="[350,472,523,547]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0129E93F4E6DFD8EFE45B627" box="[350,472,523,547]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0129E93F4D21FD8EFDE1B627" box="[530,636,523,547]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0129E93F4D21FD8EFDE1B627" box="[530,636,523,547]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">C. pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0129E93F4F47FDAEFF26B640" box="[116,187,556,580]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="40.[108,150,842,863]" captionTargetBox="[111,1207,230,816]" captionTargetId="graphics-658@40.[614,961,223,766]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIG. 19. Bivariate plots showing the first two principal components from analyses of 12 cranial variables in the Rhoditis Group. Panel A shows analysis of individuals sampled syntopically on Mt. Ambang (C. pseudorhoditis and C. rhoditis) and panel B shows individuals sampled across the island. Loadings and variance explained by component axes are presented in table 6." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788869/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B50129E93F4FFBFDAEFE80B640" box="[200,285,556,580]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="25.[610,690,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1184,329,1682]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="TABLE 2 Descriptive Statisticsa for External Measurements (mm) and Mass (g) for Species of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860100E9164D51FF60FBE5B523" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" tableUuid="DF5C52860100E9164D51FF60FBE5B523">tables 2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B50129E93F4E1AFDAEFEA5B640" box="[297,312,556,580]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="42.[610,690,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1176,329,1110]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="TABLE 7 Descriptive Statisticsa for Craniodental Measurements (mm) for Species of the Rhoditis Group of Sulawesi Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860133E9254D51FF60FB27B523" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" tableUuid="DF5C52860133E9254D51FF60FB27B523">7</tableCitation>
|
||
). The slight difference in size between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0129E93F4FF8FDCCFE1FB661" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[203,386,589,613]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0129E93F4FF8FDCCFE1FB661" box="[203,386,589,613]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">C. pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0129E93F4E85FDCCFDBEB661" authorityName="Esselstyn et al., 2019:" authorityYear="1716" box="[438,547,589,613]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0129E93F4E85FDCCFDBEB661" box="[438,547,589,613]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be enhanced where the two species cooccur (Mt. Ambang;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0129E93F4E3FFD0DFECCB6AC" box="[268,337,655,680]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="41.[107,149,1051,1072]" captionTargetId="graphics-253@41.[279,1049,225,1023]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIG. 20. Map of Sulawesi showing localities sampled for shrews. Colored areas enclose localities with known records of members of the Rhoditis Group of Sulawesi Crocidura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789795/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
), especially condyloincisive length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0129E93F4F8CFD32FE9AB6CD" box="[191,263,688,713]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="46.[683,724,1275,1296]" captionTargetId="graphics-247@46.[325,392,795,927]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIG. 23. Box plots summarizing head-and-body length, condyloincisive length, and braincase breadth measurements for members of the Rhoditis Group. Data from Crocidura rhoditis and C. pseudorhoditis are divided into two boxes. Dark gray boxes show all available measurements from across the species range while light gray boxes show only samples taken on Mt. Ambang, where the two species occur in syntopy. Note that the differences between these two species are greater on Mt. Ambang than they are for the islandwide sample. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. All measurements in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789797/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
). A principal components analysis of 12 cranial measurements that only included these two species readily separated them on the first axis, which represents size (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0129E93F4EFCFC96FD8BB728" box="[463,534,788,812]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="40.[108,150,842,863]" captionTargetBox="[111,1207,230,816]" captionTargetId="graphics-658@40.[614,961,223,766]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIG. 19. Bivariate plots showing the first two principal components from analyses of 12 cranial variables in the Rhoditis Group. Panel A shows analysis of individuals sampled syntopically on Mt. Ambang (C. pseudorhoditis and C. rhoditis) and panel B shows individuals sampled across the island. Loadings and variance explained by component axes are presented in table 6." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788869/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B50129E93F4D11FC96FDF0B728" box="[546,621,788,812]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="38.[610,690,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[119,1184,329,900]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="TABLE 6 Results of Principal Components Analysis of Craniodental Measurements of the Rhoditis Group of Crocidura" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C5286013FE9294D51FF60FB2FB523" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" tableUuid="DF5C5286013FE9294D51FF60FB2FB523">table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33951850129E93F4FBFFCB7FDD2B220" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0129E93F4FBFFCB7FDC9B11F" blockId="48.[108,638,226,1738]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">
|
||
COMMENTS: While
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0129E93F4E6EFCB7FDF8B749" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[349,613,821,845]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0129E93F4E6EFCB7FDF8B749" box="[349,613,821,845]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">Crocidura pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is on average smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0129E93F4E44FCD4FE7BB76A" authorityName="Esselstyn et al., 2019:" authorityYear="1716" box="[375,486,854,878]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0129E93F4E44FCD4FE7BB76A" box="[375,486,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the two species are easily confused phenotypically and they occur in sympatry in the north-east area of endemism (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0129E93F4F89FC3BFE9FB7D5" box="[186,258,953,977]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="41.[107,149,1051,1072]" captionTargetId="graphics-253@41.[279,1049,225,1023]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIG. 20. Map of Sulawesi showing localities sampled for shrews. Colored areas enclose localities with known records of members of the Rhoditis Group of Sulawesi Crocidura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789795/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A137B50129E93F4E23FC3BFEC1B7D5" box="[272,348,953,977]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="27.[611,691,226,250]" captionTargetBox="[117,1200,329,1675]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="TABLE 3 Elevational Ranges (m) and Species Richness of Crocidura on Mountains of Sulawesia" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5C52860102E9144D50FF60FBDEB51A" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" tableUuid="DF5C52860102E9144D50FF60FBDEB51A">table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). The large mitochondrial distances between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0129E93F4E00FC59FE3CB7F6" authorityName="Esselstyn et al., 2019:" authorityYear="1716" box="[307,417,986,1010]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0129E93F4E00FC59FE3CB7F6" box="[307,417,986,1010]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0129E93F4EE5FC59FF19B017" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0129E93F4EE5FC59FF19B017" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">C. pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, along with the slight but consistent differences in size, which appear to be enhanced where they are syntopic (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13181E8B0129E93F4E30FBBFFED0B051" box="[259,333,1085,1109]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="46.[683,724,1275,1296]" captionTargetId="graphics-247@46.[325,392,795,927]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIG. 23. Box plots summarizing head-and-body length, condyloincisive length, and braincase breadth measurements for members of the Rhoditis Group. Data from Crocidura rhoditis and C. pseudorhoditis are divided into two boxes. Dark gray boxes show all available measurements from across the species range while light gray boxes show only samples taken on Mt. Ambang, where the two species occur in syntopy. Note that the differences between these two species are greater on Mt. Ambang than they are for the islandwide sample. Plots show the median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, the maximum value within 1.5 × interquartile range (distance between 1st and 3rd quartiles; IQR), the minimum value within 1.5 × IQR, and outliers (black circles). Sample sizes are shown along the x-axis. All measurements in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789797/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
), strongly suggest these are independently evolving populations. Our BPP analyses tested species limits with an alignment that contains 15
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0129E93F4E11FB23FE0CB0BC" authorityName="Esselstyn et al., 2019:" authorityYear="1716" box="[290,401,1184,1208]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0129E93F4E11FB23FE0CB0BC" box="[290,401,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">C. rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 58
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0129E93F4ED9FB23FF05B0DE" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0129E93F4ED9FB23FF05B0DE" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">C. pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is 96% complete. The analyses supported these species’ distinction with 1.0 posterior probability with all prior combinations in all runs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C020E0129E93F4FBFFAA7FDD2B220" blockId="48.[108,638,226,1738]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">
|
||
One of the few cases of clarity from our phylogenetic analyses is the consistent and well-supported sister relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0129E93F4D3CFAE5FF21B1A4" authorityName="Esselstyn et al., 2019:" authorityYear="1716" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0129E93F4D3CFAE5FF21B1A4" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">Crocidura rhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0129E93F4FC2FA0AFE3AB1A4" authorityName="Esselstyn & Achmadi & Handika & Swanson & Giarla & Rowe" authorityYear="2021" box="[241,423,1416,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudorhoditis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957DE1C0129E93F4FC2FA0AFE3AB1A4" box="[241,423,1416,1440]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">C. pseudorhoditis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
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<figureCitation id="13181E8B0129E93F4E87FA0AFE6BB1A4" box="[436,502,1416,1440]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[109,149,1509,1530]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@16.[133,929,224,1532]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 4. Maximum-likelihood estimate of the gene tree of Sulawesi Crocidura derived from an alignment of 851 individuals and 1111 characters from the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b. Bootstrap support is shown along branches. Clades corresponding to species are collapsed for ease of presentation. Tips are labeled with the species name, the number of tips (T), and number of localities (L), as labeled in figure 1, and the maximum intraspecific (MI) Jukes-Cantor distance calculated from a reduced alignment. Two species are paraphyletic and their respective, within-clade MI values are shown separately. For species described by Miller and Hollister (1921), the holotype or paratypes are included for C. elongata, C. lea, and C. rhoditis. Branch lengths between C. nigripes and other taxa are shortened for presentation. See supplementary data S2 for the full tree." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789143" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789143/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">figs. 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13181E8B0129E93F4D32FA0AFD92B1A4" box="[513,527,1416,1440]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[108,150,1596,1617]" captionTargetBox="[111,1203,227,1567]" captionTargetId="graphics-32@18.[111,872,237,1559]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 5. Maximum likelihood estimate of the mitochondrial gene tree derived from an analysis of 14,007 characters (representing protein-coding and rRNA genes) from 83 samples. Bootstrap support values <95 are shown at nodes. Tips are labeled with the species, locality, and voucher number." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5788845/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13181E8B0129E93F4D29FA0BFDB5B1A4" box="[538,552,1417,1440]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[108,149,1653,1674]" captionTargetBox="[209,1136,226,1678]" captionTargetId="graphics-38@20.[180,704,233,1669]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 7. Estimated species tree from analysis of 3940 ultraconserved element loci in ASTRAL. Samples from Sulawesi are labeled with the species name, locality, and catalog number. Asterisks indicate type specimens from Miller and Hollister (1921). Local posterior probabilities <0.95 are shown. Tip branch lengths are arbitrary." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789145/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">7</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13181E8B0129E93F4D00FA0AFDDCB1A4" box="[563,577,1416,1440]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="23.[108,150,1639,1660]" captionTargetId="graphics-9@22.[124,845,235,1694]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 8. Estimated phylogenetic relationships from a maximum likelihood analysis of 983 concatenated ultraconserved elements. Samples from Sulawesi are labeled with the species name, locality, and catalog number. Asterisks indicate type specimens from Miller and Hollister (1921). Ultrafast bootstrap values <95 are shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789147/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">8</figureCitation>
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; supplementary data S6). Given their phenotypic similarity, this makes sense from a morphological perspective. In our UCE species tree, we found these two species sister to
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<taxonomicName id="4C23798D0129E93F4EB5F98FFE61B220" box="[390,508,1548,1572]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongata">
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<emphasis id="B957DE1C0129E93F4EB5F98FFE61B220" box="[390,508,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">C. elongata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13181E8B0129E93F4D3AF98EFDDFB220" box="[521,578,1548,1572]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[108,149,1653,1674]" captionTargetBox="[209,1136,226,1678]" captionTargetId="graphics-38@20.[180,704,233,1669]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 7. Estimated species tree from analysis of 3940 ultraconserved element loci in ASTRAL. Samples from Sulawesi are labeled with the species name, locality, and catalog number. Asterisks indicate type specimens from Miller and Hollister (1921). Local posterior probabilities <0.95 are shown. Tip branch lengths are arbitrary." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5789145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5789145/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">fig. 7</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33951850129E93F4FBFF9AFFC5FB661" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
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SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
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(
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||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750129E93F4D9FFE48FCC0B5E5" box="[684,861,457,481]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">NMV C37252</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750129E93F4C44FE4BFC4CB5E5" box="[887,977,457,481]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">C37254</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750129E93F4CD9FE4BFBD9B5E5" box="[1002,1092,457,481]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">C37264</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750129E93F4B6DFE4BFB2AB5E5" box="[1118,1207,457,481]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">C37268</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750129E93F4D9FFE68FC9FB606" box="[684,770,490,514]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">C37292</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750129E93F4C3CFE68FCF9B606" box="[783,868,490,514]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">C37297</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750129E93F4C42FE68FC28B606" box="[881,949,490,514]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">37308</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750129E93F4CF1FE68FB9BB606" box="[962,1030,490,514]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">37315</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750129E93F4B21FE68FBFAB606" box="[1042,1127,490,514]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">C37328</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750129E93F4B46FE68FB24B606" box="[1141,1209,490,514]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">37329</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750129E93F4D9FFD89FC9BB627" box="[684,774,523,547]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">C37363</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750129E93F4C2DFD89FCE7B627" box="[798,890,523,547]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">C37367</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530129E93F4CA9FD8EFC8CB640" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079339" accessionNumber="C37985, C37992, C37996, C38017, C37793, C37252, C37254, C37264, C37268, C37292, C37297, C37328, C37363, C37367, C40308" collectionCode="NMV" county="Mt. Rorekatimbo" location="Mt. Torompupu" municipality="Mt. Torompupu" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="LSUMZ 38275-38278, 38284, LSUMZ 36973, 36978, 36979, 36986, 36990, 36991, 36993, 36995, 36998, 37000, 37002, 37005, 37007, 37008, 37011-37016, 37033, 37034, MZB 38564-38566, RMNH 38409, IZEA 4406, IZEA 4407" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF898740129E93F4CA9FD8EFBC1B627" box="[922,1116,524,547]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">Mt. Torompupu</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(NMV C40308),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530129E93F4C2EFDAFFCAEB661" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079386" accessionNumber="C37985, C37992, C37996, C38017, C37793, C37252, C37254, C37264, C37268, C37292, C37297, C37328, C37363, C37367, C40308" collectionCode="NMV" county="Mt. Rorekatimbo" location="Mt. Rorekatimbo" municipality="Mt. Torompupu" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="RMNH 38409, IZEA 4406" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FD7A820129E93F4C2EFDAFFC7DB640" box="[797,992,556,580]" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">Mt. Rorekatimbo</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750129E93F4CC0FDAEFB0AB640" box="[1011,1175,556,580]" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" type="Museum">RMNH 38409</specimenCode>
|
||
(=
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750129E93F4D9FFDCCFCBAB661" box="[684,807,589,614]" collectionCode="IZEA" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">IZEA 4406</specimenCode>
|
||
),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B08530129E93F4C08FDCCFC22B661" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3421079340" accessionNumber="C37985, C37992, C37996, C38017, C37793, C37252, C37254, C37264, C37268, C37292, C37297, C37328, C37363, C37367, C40308" box="[827,959,589,614]" collectionCode="NMV" county="Mt. Rorekatimbo" location="Mt. Buliohuto" municipality="Mt. Torompupu" pageId="48" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="IZEA 4407" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB85AA750129E93F4C08FDCCFC2AB661" box="[827,951,589,614]" collectionCode="IZEA" pageId="48" pageNumber="48">IZEA 4407</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |