treatments-xml/data/03/88/87/038887A8330DC454FF2823AE7B43FC6B.xml

<document id="05CBF84A3C7A005E66A9A2FDE13938C2" ID-CLB-Dataset="4172" ID-DOI="10.11865/zs.20150301" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ac1d9ea3-1306-430a-8254-c311fcfb273b" ID-ISSN="2095-6827" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4617498" ID-ZooBank="33F3BEB5-B79A-45DF-9681-AA5FCB90A3CC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1616075332880" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Chen, Yu-Hui, Chen, Xiao-Min, Wu, Cheng-Chen &amp; Wang, An-Tai" docDate="2015" docId="038887A8330DC454FF2823AE7B43FC6B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolSyst.40.3.237-249.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Systematics 40 (3)" docSource="http://zoobank.org/33f3beb5-b79a-45df-9681-aa5fcb90a3cc" docStyle="DocumentStyle:07E7829F32901B127B59E960199959BD.1:ZoolSyst.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="07E7829F32901B127B59E960199959BD" docStyleName="ZoolSyst.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="244" masterDocId="FFB1FFD0330FC453FFA0254D7A67FF94" masterDocTitle="A new species of the genus Dugesia (Tricladida: Dugesiidae) from China" masterLastPageNumber="249" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="239" updateTime="1698934234197" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="ED4883BA624F9355547C22A7FBD44005">A new species of the genus Dugesia (Tricladida: Dugesiidae) from China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C70A288177CBD123B21228A5D9C939C6">Chen, Yu-Hui</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7B30FFACBBB5F5B9DC557BCB2FB70682">College of Life Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Shenzhen 518060, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5B503F44E4DFCC1B7A8A78F66C337E4B">Chen, Xiao-Min</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7065F59A867CECFE586656341A53C48B">College of Life Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Shenzhen 518060, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5AE60113799617FD862F7E0226FFB7AD">Wu, Cheng-Chen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="62859502D9EAB4FF80C62B1F8A7FE3EE">Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China Corresponding author, E-mail: wang 118 @ szu. edu. cn</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CF8823B1969C8EE32E661F55166A6D3D">Wang, An-Tai</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1ADD5E109C24FF9C9D91284A3B2B062D">College of Life Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Shenzhen 518060, China</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C33B6535330DC451FF2823AE7A82F80E" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9E36BE330DC451FF2823AE782BF96F" blockId="2.[136,588,1763,1787]" box="[136,588,1763,1787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
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<emphasis id="B955EAAC330DC451FF2823AE782BF96F" bold="true" box="[136,588,1763,1787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="4C214D3D330DC451FF2823AE7B8DF96F" authority="Chen &amp; Wang" authorityName="Chen &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2015" box="[136,490,1763,1787]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B955EAAC330DC451FF2823AE7B27F96F" bold="true" box="[136,320,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Dugesia sinensis</emphasis>
Chen 
<emphasis id="B955EAAC330DC451FE2B23AE7BC7F96F" bold="true" box="[395,416,1763,1787]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">&amp;</emphasis>
Wang
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657D7330DC451FE5623AE782BF96F" box="[502,588,1763,1787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36BE330DC451FF1D22577A82F80E" blockId="2.[136,1460,1818,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
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Locality. Specimens were collected from the ventral side of the pebbles in the rivulet (
<elevation id="000CD18D330DC451FBE922577EE4F8A6" box="[1097,1155,1818,1842]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="m" value="0.4">0.4 m</elevation>
in maximum depth, 
<elevation id="000CD18D330DC451FAFE22577FF6F8A6" box="[1374,1425,1818,1842]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</elevation>
in width) beside the 
<location id="8EFE6065330DC451FEE522707BE2F8C1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038887A8330DC454FF2823AE7B43FC6B:8EFE6065330DC451FEE522707BE2F8C1" box="[325,389,1853,1877]" country="China" county="Guandong Province" latitude="24.661667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="113.613884" municipality="Shaoguan" name="Caoxi" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Caoxi</location>
spring resort, 
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, 
<collectingCounty id="62FF4E32330DC451FD332270790CF8C1" box="[659,875,1853,1877]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Guandong Province</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F336762E330DC451FCD5227079D2F8C1" box="[885,949,1853,1877]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">China</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE155079330DC451FC6222707E25F8C1" box="[962,1090,1853,1877]" degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" precision="15" seconds="42" value="24.661667">24°39′42″N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE155079330DC451FBF722707E85F8C1" box="[1111,1250,1853,1877]" degrees="113" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" precision="15" seconds="50" value="113.613884">
113°36 
<emphasis id="B955EAAC330DC451FB0322707ECEF8C1" bold="true" box="[1187,1193,1853,1877]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">′</emphasis>
50 
<emphasis id="B955EAAC330DC451FB6422707EA8F8C1" bold="true" box="[1220,1231,1853,1877]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">″</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
; elev. 
<elevation id="000CD18D330DC451FA8522707F3BF8C1" box="[1317,1372,1853,1877]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="m" value="75.0">75 m</elevation>
). There are plenty of pebbles in the bottom of the rivulet. Wheel animalcule and different insect’s larvae can be observed in the water samples
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B6535330DC454FF1D22E87B43FC6B" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="244" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" type="materials_examined">
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Material examined. 
<typeStatus id="549A881C330DC451FE3222E87B92F829" box="[402,501,1957,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
PLA-0090-1–21, serial section vertically, rivulet (
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<elevation id="000CD18D330DC451FBA922E87E24F829" box="[1033,1091,1957,1981]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="m" value="0.4">0.4 m</elevation>
</quantity>
in maximum depth, 
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<elevation id="000CD18D330DC451FABC22E87F29F829" box="[1308,1358,1957,1981]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</elevation>
</quantity>
in width) beside 
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, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFAACC4330DC451FE1722857844F874" box="[439,547,1992,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Shaoguan</collectingMunicipality>
, 
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, 
<collectingCountry id="F336762E330DC451FCAD2285792AF874" box="[781,845,1992,2016]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">China</collectingCountry>
(
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24°39 
<emphasis id="B955EAAC330DC451FC3B228579C6F874" bold="true" box="[923,929,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">′</emphasis>
42 
<emphasis id="B955EAAC330DC451FC1C228579A0F874" bold="true" box="[956,967,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">″</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
, 
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113°36 
<emphasis id="B955EAAC330DC451FB9B22857E26F874" bold="true" box="[1083,1089,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">′</emphasis>
50 
<emphasis id="B955EAAC330DC451FBFC22857E00F874" bold="true" box="[1116,1127,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">″</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
; elev. 
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<elevation id="000CD18D330DC451FB1C228A7E95F874" box="[1212,1266,1991,2016]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" unit="m" value="75.0">75 m</elevation>
</quantity>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B493CE3330DC450FAA522857B40FEDE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3359629301" collectionCode="IZCAS" country="China" county="Guandong Province" elevation="4" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="240" latitude="24.661667" location="All" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="113.613884" municipality="Shaoguan" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Beijing" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="549A881C330DC451FAA522857F16F874" box="[1285,1393,1992,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: PLA -0091-1–9, PLA-0092-1–5, PLA-0093-1–4, serial section horizontally, same data as holotype. Other materials: PLA- 0094–0098, the whole body is fixed in 10% formaldehyde, same data as 
<typeStatus id="549A881C330CC450FC3E24427998FEB3" box="[926,1023,271,295]" pageId="3" pageNumber="240" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. 
<location id="8EFE6065330CC450FBA924427E4CFEB3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038887A8330DC454FF2823AE7B43FC6B:8EFE6065330CC450FBA924427E4CFEB3" box="[1033,1067,271,295]" country="China" name="All" pageId="3" pageNumber="240" stateProvince="Beijing">All</location>
specimens are deposited in 
<collectionCode id="ED30AE7B330CC450FAF824427FCFFEB3" box="[1368,1448,271,295]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">IZCAS</collectionCode>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49E5F85C330CC450FF28247F7ABEFEDE" box="[136,217,306,330]" country="China" name="Beijing" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">Beijing</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F336762E330CC450FF44247F7B40FEDE" box="[228,295,306,330]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">China</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<footnote id="E83A2AB0330DC451FF282D677878F7D4" box="[136,543,2090,2113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
<paragraph id="8B9E36BE330DC451FF282D677878F7D4" blockId="2.[136,543,2090,2113]" box="[136,543,2090,2113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">
© 
<emphasis id="B955EAAC330DC451FF002D667B18F7D4" box="[160,383,2091,2112]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="239">Zoological Systematics</emphasis>
, 40(3): 237–249
</paragraph>
</footnote>
<paragraph id="8B9E36BE330CC450FF1D24197935FEF8" blockId="3.[136,1452,236,365]" box="[189,850,340,365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
Etymology. The species is referring to its 
<typeStatus id="549A881C330CC450FDDB241878CEFEF9" box="[635,681,341,365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">type</typeStatus>
locality, 
<collectingCountry id="F336762E330CC450FCAB24197929FEF8" box="[779,846,340,364]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5E6636330CC450FF3B22DA7EC2F859" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617502" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4617502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617502/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="240" startId="3.[155,196,1943,1965]" targetBox="[189,1399,435,1894]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B9E36BE330CC450FF3B22DA7EC2F859" blockId="3.[155,1432,1943,1997]" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
Figs 1–4. 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D3D330CC450FEA322D57820F839" authority="Chen &amp; Wang" authorityName="Chen &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2015" box="[259,583,1943,1965]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="3" pageNumber="240" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B955EAAC330CC450FEA322D57BCEF839" box="[259,425,1944,1965]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">Dugesia sinensis</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Wang
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B955EAAC330CC450FDF422D578C3F839" bold="true" box="[596,676,1944,1965]" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657D7330CC450FDF422D578C3F839" box="[596,676,1944,1965]" pageId="3" pageNumber="240" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, habitus of living specimens. 1. Mature individual, dorsal view. 2. Mature individual, ventral view. 3. Egg. 4. Immature individual, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1–2 = 2 mm, 3–4 = 500 
<emphasis id="B955EAAC330CC450FBDF22F57EEBF859" bold="true" box="[1151,1164,1976,1997]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">μ</emphasis>
m.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<footnote id="E83A2AB0330CC450FBB42D677FCBF7D4" box="[1044,1452,2090,2113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
<paragraph id="8B9E36BE330CC450FBB42D677FCBF7D4" blockId="3.[1044,1452,2090,2113]" box="[1044,1452,2090,2113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">
© 
<emphasis id="B955EAAC330CC450FB8D2D667F6CF7D4" box="[1069,1291,2091,2112]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="240">Zoological Systematics</emphasis>
, 40(3): 237–249
</paragraph>
</footnote>
<paragraph id="8B9E36BE330BC457FF1D25A178FAFEDE" blockId="4.[135,1452,236,607]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Diagnosis. The new species is characterized by the following features: triangle-shaped head, two hyperplastic ovaries, asymmetric opening of oviducts, bursal canal to the left of the copulatory apparatus, a distance between copulatory bursa and the mouth, developed diagram in the male atrium.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36BE330BC457FF1D24197A89FD8E" blockId="4.[135,1452,236,607]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
Description. Body size of the living mature individuals ranges from 12.0–15.0 mm in length and 
<quantity id="4CD99B5B330BC457FB4524187F26FEF8" box="[1253,1345,341,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.48" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="2.48">2.48 mm</quantity>
in width. Dorsal side of body uniformly light brown while ventral side pale. Margin of body and areas of copulatory apparatus appear gray in color. Mobilizable triangle head has two blunt-pointed auricles. Bar-shape unpigmented auricular grooves locate posteriorly to two kidney-shaped eyes. Fan-shaped unpigmented area placed just at the lateral part of eyes (
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B330BC457FB5224F17F34FE41" box="[1266,1363,444,469]" captionStart="Figs 1–4" captionStartId="3.[155,196,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,435,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-57@3.[189,1399,435,1894]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–4. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., habitus of living specimens. 1. Mature individual, dorsal view. 2. Mature individual, ventral view. 3. Egg. 4. Immature individual, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1–2=2 mm, 3–4=500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617502/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
). Mouth opens at 1/3 rear part of body and distance between mouth and gonopore 3.0– 
<quantity id="4CD99B5B330BC457FC6824927E71FE62" box="[968,1046,479,503]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
in living individuals (1.6–2.0 in fixed samples).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36BE330BC456FF1D27697B67FEF8" blockId="4.[135,1452,236,607]" lastBlockId="5.[136,1452,236,434]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="242" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Habits. Newly collected individuals cannot adapt to the environment in the laboratory and refuse to eat either the pork liver slices or cooked egg yolk, resulting in disintegration. After using the mineral water to rear, the animals start to ingest the pork livers. In the daytime, they like to flock under the ventral side of the granite while moving slowly along the wall of the glass bowl during the night. When preying, they stretch out the pharynx and swallow the pork liver tissue, then the intestine turns into dark red in the next few hours. The whole length of the body in stationary state is 2/3 of the length in the state of movement.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5E6636330BC457FF3B22DA7937F858" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617504" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4617504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617504/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" startId="4.[155,196,1943,1965]" targetBox="[189,1399,675,1903]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B9E36BE330BC457FF3B22DA7937F858" blockId="4.[155,1432,1943,1997]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
Figs 5–8. 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D3D330BC457FEA422DA782DF838" authority="Chen &amp; Wang" authorityName="Chen &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2015" box="[260,586,1943,1965]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B955EAAC330BC457FEA422DA7BCCF838" box="[260,427,1943,1964]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Dugesia sinensis</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Wang
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B955EAAC330BC457FDF822DA78CEF838" bold="true" box="[600,681,1943,1964]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657D7330BC457FDF822DA78CEF838" box="[600,681,1943,1964]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, horizontal sections of copulatory apparatus. 5. Ovary. 6. Duplications of reproductive apparatus. 7–8. Copulatory apparatus. Scale bars = 200 
<emphasis id="B955EAAC330BC457FC8A22FA7950F858" bold="true" box="[810,823,1975,1996]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">μ</emphasis>
m.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<footnote id="E83A2AB0330BC457FF282D677878F7D4" box="[136,543,2090,2113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
<paragraph id="8B9E36BE330BC457FF282D677878F7D4" blockId="4.[136,543,2090,2113]" box="[136,543,2090,2113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">
© 
<emphasis id="B955EAAC330BC457FF002D667B18F7D4" box="[160,383,2091,2112]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="241">Zoological Systematics</emphasis>
, 40(3): 237–249
</paragraph>
</footnote>
<paragraph id="8B9E36BE330AC455FF1D243A7E12FEF9" blockId="5.[136,1452,236,434]" lastBlockId="6.[135,1459,233,988]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="243" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
Reproduction. The animals were collected in 
<date id="FF9F107E330AC456FD04243A7957FE1B" box="[676,816,375,399]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" value="2011-08">August 2011</date>
. They started the state of sexual reproduction in 
<date id="FF9F107E330AC456FA98243A7FCFFE1B" box="[1336,1448,375,399]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" value="2013-06">June 2013</date>
, and appeared fissiparous states in 
<date id="FF9F107E330AC456FE5124D778C6FE26" box="[497,673,410,434]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" value="2013-11">November 2013</date>
. Until 
<date id="FF9F107E330AC456FD4724D77931FE26" box="[743,854,410,434]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" value="2014-05">May 2014</date>
, the individuals presented the sexual reproduction mode again. The area copulatory apparatus on the dorsal side of the ex- fissiparous individuals is clearly unpigmented (
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B3309C455FA8E25A17F0BFE91" box="[1326,1388,236,261]" captionStart="Figs 1–4" captionStartId="3.[155,196,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,435,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-57@3.[189,1399,435,1894]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–4. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., habitus of living specimens. 1. Mature individual, dorsal view. 2. Mature individual, ventral view. 3. Egg. 4. Immature individual, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1–2=2 mm, 3–4=500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617502/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). The sphere-shape eggs are dark red in color and the egg stalk is twisted (
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B3309C455FCD5244279DFFEB3" box="[885,952,271,295]" captionStart="Figs 1–4" captionStartId="3.[155,196,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,435,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-57@3.[189,1399,435,1894]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–4. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., habitus of living specimens. 1. Mature individual, dorsal view. 2. Mature individual, ventral view. 3. Egg. 4. Immature individual, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1–2=2 mm, 3–4=500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617502/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). The eggs scattered in the ventral side of the granite or the back of aquatic plants’ leaves. The larva is 
<quantity id="4CD99B5B3309C455FD7F247F794BFEDD" box="[735,812,306,330]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
in length and 
<quantity id="4CD99B5B3309C455FC62247F7E77FEDD" box="[962,1040,306,330]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
in width without evident pigmentation throughout the dorsal side of the body, and the intestine is clear under the microscope (
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B3309C455FB8624197E0FFEF9" box="[1062,1128,340,365]" captionStart="Figs 1–4" captionStartId="3.[155,196,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,435,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-57@3.[189,1399,435,1894]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–4. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., habitus of living specimens. 1. Mature individual, dorsal view. 2. Mature individual, ventral view. 3. Egg. 4. Immature individual, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1–2=2 mm, 3–4=500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617502/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5E6636330AC456FF3B22DF7F24F853" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617508" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4617508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617508/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" startId="5.[155,196,1938,1960]" targetBox="[189,1399,495,1903]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8B9E36BE330AC456FF3B22DF7F24F853" blockId="5.[155,1433,1938,1992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
Figs 9–12. 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D3D330AC456FEB422DE7807F833" authority="Chen &amp; Wang" authorityName="Chen &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2015" box="[276,608,1938,1960]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B955EAAC330AC456FEB422DE7BDBF83C" box="[276,444,1939,1960]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Dugesia sinensis</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Wang
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B955EAAC330AC456FDD022DF78A4F833" bold="true" box="[624,707,1938,1959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657D7330AC456FDD022DF78A4F833" box="[624,707,1938,1959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, longitudinal sections of copulatory apparatus. 9–10. Male copulatory appararus. 11. Female copulattory apparatus. 12. Location of copulattory apparatus. Scale bars: 9–11 = 100 
<emphasis id="B955EAAC330AC456FB3E22FF7ECCF853" bold="true" box="[1182,1195,1970,1991]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">μ</emphasis>
m, 12 = 200 
<emphasis id="B955EAAC330AC456FABD22FF7F4DF853" bold="true" box="[1309,1322,1970,1991]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">μ</emphasis>
m.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<footnote id="E83A2AB0330AC456FBB42D677FCBF7D4" box="[1044,1452,2090,2113]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
<paragraph id="8B9E36BE330AC456FBB42D677FCBF7D4" blockId="5.[1044,1452,2090,2113]" box="[1044,1452,2090,2113]" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">
© 
<emphasis id="B955EAAC330AC456FB8D2D667F6CF7D4" box="[1069,1291,2091,2112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="242">Zoological Systematics</emphasis>
, 40(3): 237–249
</paragraph>
</footnote>
<paragraph id="8B9E36BE3309C455FF1D243A7AC2FD8E" blockId="6.[135,1459,233,988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
Digestive system. Digestive system is comprised of mouth, pharynx and intestine. The cylinder-shape pharynx is located in the central part of body, extending longitudinally to the rear. The surface of pharynx is generally pale without visible pigment. The inner and outer pharynxgeal musculature is bilayered. The base of pharynx was connected to 3 intestinal branches. While the middle one reaches to the anterior part of eyes, the other two extend to the end of the body (
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B3309C455FA2724927AFFFD8E" captionStart="Figs 1–4" captionStartId="3.[155,196,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,435,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-57@3.[189,1399,435,1894]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–4. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., habitus of living specimens. 1. Mature individual, dorsal view. 2. Mature individual, ventral view. 3. Egg. 4. Immature individual, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1–2=2 mm, 3–4=500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617502/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36BE3309C455FF1D27697FF1FCC6" blockId="6.[135,1459,233,988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
Reproductive system. Female reproductive system consists of ovaries, bursa canal, copulatory bursa and common atrium. A pair of hyperplasic ovaries are closely next to each other, showing an irregular shape (
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B3309C455FBD4270A7ED4FDCB" box="[1140,1203,583,607]" captionStart="Figs 5–8" captionStartId="4.[155,196,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,675,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-199@4.[189,1399,675,1903]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 5–8. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., horizontal sections of copulatory apparatus. 5. Ovary. 6. Duplications of reproductive apparatus. 7–8. Copulatory apparatus. Scale bars=200μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617504/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). The distance between ovaries and the brain is 760 
<emphasis id="B955EAAC3309C455FE0D27277BDCFD16" bold="true" box="[429,443,618,642]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">μ</emphasis>
m. Each ovary has an oviduct elongating ventrally along the outer side of the ventral nerve cord and opening asymmetrically into the common atrium. While the right oviduct opens at the ventral side of the common atrium, the left oviduct opens more dorsally. There is a significant distance (1.0 mm) from the anterior wall of copulatory bursa to the mouth (
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B3309C455FF7E279F7B56FD7E" box="[222,305,722,746]" captionStart="Figs 9–12" captionStartId="5.[155,196,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,495,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-119@5.[189,1399,495,1903]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 9–12. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., longitudinal sections of copulatory apparatus. 9–10. Male copulatory appararus. 11. Female copulattory apparatus. 12. Location of copulattory apparatus. Scale bars: 9–11=100 μm, 12=200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617508/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). The irregular copulatory bursa is lined by glandular epithelium, surrounded by a layer of longitudinal muscle (
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B3309C455FF4127B97B28FC99" box="[225,335,756,781]" captionStart-0="Figs 5–8" captionStart-1="Figs 9–12" captionStartId-0="4.[155,196,1943,1965]" captionStartId-1="5.[155,196,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1399,675,1903]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1399,495,1903]" captionTargetId-0="figure-199@4.[189,1399,675,1903]" captionTargetId-1="figure-119@5.[189,1399,495,1903]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="Figs 5–8. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., horizontal sections of copulatory apparatus. 5. Ovary. 6. Duplications of reproductive apparatus. 7–8. Copulatory apparatus. Scale bars=200μm." captionText-1="Figs 9–12. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., longitudinal sections of copulatory apparatus. 9–10. Male copulatory appararus. 11. Female copulattory apparatus. 12. Location of copulattory apparatus. Scale bars: 9–11=100 μm, 12=200 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617504" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617508" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4617504/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4617508/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Figs 7–11</figureCitation>
). Copulatory bursa connects the common atrium by bursal canal. Pipe-shaped bursal canal lies dorsally to the left of the penis (
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B3309C455FEC8265A7BC9FCBA" box="[360,430,791,815]" captionStart="Figs 5–8" captionStartId="4.[155,196,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,675,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-199@4.[189,1399,675,1903]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 5–8. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., horizontal sections of copulatory apparatus. 5. Ovary. 6. Duplications of reproductive apparatus. 7–8. Copulatory apparatus. Scale bars=200μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617504/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Figs 7</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B3309C455FE1E265A7863FCBB" box="[446,516,791,815]" captionStart="Figs 13–14" captionStartId="6.[155,196,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[235,1355,1061,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-445@6.[227,1361,1034,1881]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 13–14. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., holotype PLA-0090, sagittal reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. 13. Female copulatory apparatus. 14. Male copulatory apparatus. Scale bars=200μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617511/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">13–14</figureCitation>
). The area around the opening of oviducts is covered by abundant shell glands and the gonopore receives the a few cement glands (
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B3309C455FDC2267778B6FCC6" box="[610,721,826,850]" captionStart-0="Figs 5–8" captionStart-1="Figs 9–12" captionStartId-0="4.[155,196,1943,1965]" captionStartId-1="5.[155,196,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1399,675,1903]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1399,495,1903]" captionTargetId-0="figure-199@4.[189,1399,675,1903]" captionTargetId-1="figure-119@5.[189,1399,495,1903]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="Figs 5–8. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., horizontal sections of copulatory apparatus. 5. Ovary. 6. Duplications of reproductive apparatus. 7–8. Copulatory apparatus. Scale bars=200μm." captionText-1="Figs 9–12. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., longitudinal sections of copulatory apparatus. 9–10. Male copulatory appararus. 11. Female copulattory apparatus. 12. Location of copulattory apparatus. Scale bars: 9–11=100 μm, 12=200 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617504" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617508" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4617504/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4617508/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Figs 7–11</figureCitation>
). A few samples present 2–3 duplicated copulatory bursas (
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B3309C455FAE826777FEEFCC6" box="[1352,1417,826,850]" captionStart="Figs 5–8" captionStartId="4.[155,196,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,675,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-199@4.[189,1399,675,1903]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 5–8. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., horizontal sections of copulatory apparatus. 5. Ovary. 6. Duplications of reproductive apparatus. 7–8. Copulatory apparatus. Scale bars=200μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617504/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36BE3309C454FF1D261179C1FE63" blockId="6.[135,1459,233,988]" lastBlockId="7.[135,1452,236,1023]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="244" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
Male reproductive system is made up of tests, vas deferens, penis, male atrium, common atrium. The vas deferentia extend ventrally to the base of the penis bulb, and then go up anterior-dorsally before penetrating the penis bulb, and finally open at the proximal anterior part of the seminal vesicle (
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B3309C455FD4126EF7957FC2E" box="[737,816,930,954]" captionStart="Figs 13–14" captionStartId="6.[155,196,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[235,1355,1061,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-445@6.[227,1361,1034,1881]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 13–14. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., holotype PLA-0090, sagittal reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. 13. Female copulatory apparatus. 14. Male copulatory apparatus. Scale bars=200μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617511/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). The penis consists of penis bulb, seminal vesicle and penis papilla. The penis bulb is comprised of interwoven circular and longitudinal muscle fibers with an oval-shape seminal vesicle inside (
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B3308C454FE8E25A17BC7FE91" box="[302,416,236,261]" captionStart="Figs 9–12" captionStartId="5.[155,196,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,495,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-119@5.[189,1399,495,1903]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 9–12. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., longitudinal sections of copulatory apparatus. 9–10. Male copulatory appararus. 11. Female copulattory apparatus. 12. Location of copulattory apparatus. Scale bars: 9–11=100 μm, 12=200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617508/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Figs 9–10</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B3308C454FE1125A07BA8FE91" box="[433,463,237,261]" captionStart="Figs 13–14" captionStartId="6.[155,196,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[235,1355,1061,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-445@6.[227,1361,1034,1881]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 13–14. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., holotype PLA-0090, sagittal reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. 13. Female copulatory apparatus. 14. Male copulatory apparatus. Scale bars=200μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617511/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">14</figureCitation>
). A small diaphragm, receiving abundant penis glands, separates the seminal vesicle and ejaculatory duct (
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B3308C454FEE324427BF4FEB3" box="[323,403,271,295]" captionStart="Figs 13–14" captionStartId="6.[155,196,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[235,1355,1061,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-445@6.[227,1361,1034,1881]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 13–14. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., holotype PLA-0090, sagittal reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. 13. Female copulatory apparatus. 14. Male copulatory apparatus. Scale bars=200μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617511/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). The ejaculatory duct runs ventrally and opens at the blunt tip of the penis papilla, making penis papilla in an asymmetric shape. The irregular lumen in the ejaculatory duct receives numerous penis glands. The conical penis papilla has a rather blunt tip and the margin of the papilla is folded, without distinguishing penis folds. There is a developed male diaphragm separating the male atrium and common atrium. The male diaphragm is lined by nucleated epithelium which is underlain by thick circular muscle fibers (
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B3308C454FC8724D779F3FE26" box="[807,916,410,434]" captionStart="Figs 9–12" captionStartId="5.[155,196,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,495,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-119@5.[189,1399,495,1903]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 9–12. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., longitudinal sections of copulatory apparatus. 9–10. Male copulatory appararus. 11. Female copulattory apparatus. 12. Location of copulattory apparatus. Scale bars: 9–11=100 μm, 12=200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617508" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617508/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Figs 9–11</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B3308C454FC0024D779D9FE26" box="[928,958,410,434]" captionStart="Figs 13–14" captionStartId="6.[155,196,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[235,1355,1061,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-445@6.[227,1361,1034,1881]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 13–14. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., holotype PLA-0090, sagittal reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. 13. Female copulatory apparatus. 14. Male copulatory apparatus. Scale bars=200μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617511/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">14</figureCitation>
). The specimen with 3 duplicated penises has one ejaculatory duct opening opposite to the mouth and the others are arranged like the normal individuals. All size of the duplicated penis is relatively small than that in normal individuals (
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B3308C454FCF7249279FEFE63" box="[855,921,479,503]" captionStart="Figs 5–8" captionStartId="4.[155,196,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,675,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-199@4.[189,1399,675,1903]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 5–8. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., horizontal sections of copulatory apparatus. 5. Ovary. 6. Duplications of reproductive apparatus. 7–8. Copulatory apparatus. Scale bars=200μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617504/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5E66363309C455FF3B22C979B3F82E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617511" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4617511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617511/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" startId="6.[155,196,1924,1946]" targetBox="[235,1355,1061,1858]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B9E36BE3309C455FF3B22C979B3F82E" blockId="6.[155,1433,1924,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
Figs 13–14. 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D3D3309C455FEB922C8783DF80E" authority="Chen &amp; Wang" authorityName="Chen &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2015" box="[281,602,1924,1946]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B955EAAC3309C455FEB922C87BD8F80E" box="[281,447,1925,1946]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Dugesia sinensis</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Wang
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B955EAAC3309C455FDC722C878D0F80E" bold="true" box="[615,695,1925,1946]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657D73309C455FDC722C878D0F80E" box="[615,695,1925,1946]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype PLA-0090, sagittal reconstructions of the copulatory apparatus. 13. Female copulatory apparatus. 14. Male copulatory apparatus. Scale bars = 200 
<emphasis id="B955EAAC3309C455FC0E22E879DCF82E" bold="true" box="[942,955,1957,1978]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">μ</emphasis>
m.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<footnote id="E83A2AB03309C455FF282D677878F7D4" box="[136,543,2090,2113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
<paragraph id="8B9E36BE3309C455FF282D677878F7D4" blockId="6.[136,543,2090,2113]" box="[136,543,2090,2113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">
© 
<emphasis id="B955EAAC3309C455FF002D667B18F7D4" box="[160,383,2091,2112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="243">Zoological Systematics</emphasis>
, 40(3): 237–249
</paragraph>
</footnote>
<paragraph id="8B9E36BE3308C454FF1D274F7E6CFDCB" blockId="7.[135,1452,236,1023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
AChE 
<superScript id="7C549BF63308C454FEA024B07B6DFD9F" attach="left" box="[256,266,509,523]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">+</superScript>
nerve structure. After histochemical localization, the AChE 
<superScript id="7C549BF63308C454FC2024B079EDFD9F" attach="left" box="[896,906,509,523]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">+</superScript>
nerve structure appears copper- red ladder structure (
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B3308C454FF2F27697B6BFDA8" box="[143,268,548,572]" captionStart="Figs 15–17" captionStartId="8.[155,196,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,548,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-157@8.[189,1399,548,1907]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 15–17. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., AChE+ nerve structure. 15. Ventral view. 16. Head. 17. Pharynx nerve structure. Scale bars: 15=400 μm, 16–17=200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617513/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Figs 15–16</figureCitation>
). The AChE 
<superScript id="7C549BF63308C454FE34276D7BF9FDBA" attach="left" box="[404,414,544,558]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">+</superScript>
nerve structure is composed of cerebral ganglion, ventral nerve cord, lateral nerve cord, circular nerve ring and transverse nerves. The control specimens present a negative reaction.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36BE3308C454FF1D27277B15FCC6" blockId="7.[135,1452,236,1023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
The reverse &quot;U&quot; shape cerebral ganglions are filled with numerous nerve cells. Each side of the cerebral ganglions extends backward, narrows gradually and forms the ventral nerve cord (
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B3308C454FC2327C179B4FD30" box="[899,979,652,676]" captionStart="Figs 15–17" captionStartId="8.[155,196,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,548,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-157@8.[189,1399,548,1907]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 15–17. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., AChE+ nerve structure. 15. Ventral view. 16. Head. 17. Pharynx nerve structure. Scale bars: 15=400 μm, 16–17=200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617513/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). The sites where the ventral nerve cord sent out the transverse nerves always bulge and the transverse nerves end at the lateral nerve cord (
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B3308C454FB2E27E27EB9FD53" box="[1166,1246,687,711]" captionStart="Figs 15–17" captionStartId="8.[155,196,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,548,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-157@8.[189,1399,548,1907]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 15–17. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., AChE+ nerve structure. 15. Ventral view. 16. Head. 17. Pharynx nerve structure. Scale bars: 15=400 μm, 16–17=200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617513/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
). The lateral nerve cords originate from the cerebral ganglions, terminate at the end of the tail and are linked by a crescent-shaped transverse nerve (
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B3308C454FF7327B97B28FC98" box="[211,335,756,780]" captionStart="Figs 15–17" captionStartId="8.[155,196,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,548,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-157@8.[189,1399,548,1907]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 15–17. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., AChE+ nerve structure. 15. Ventral view. 16. Head. 17. Pharynx nerve structure. Scale bars: 15=400 μm, 16–17=200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617513/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Figs 15–16</figureCitation>
). Transverse nerves rarely send out branch nerves. A thick circular nerve ring locates near the mouth and connects the pharynx nerve by pharyngal nerve net (
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B3308C454FD65265A7971FCBB" box="[709,790,791,815]" captionStart="Figs 15–17" captionStartId="8.[155,196,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,548,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-157@8.[189,1399,548,1907]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 15–17. Dugesia sinensis Chen &amp; Wang, sp. nov., AChE+ nerve structure. 15. Ventral view. 16. Head. 17. Pharynx nerve structure. Scale bars: 15=400 μm, 16–17=200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4617513/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
). The boundary between cerebral ganglion and ventral nerve cord is hard to define.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E36BE3308C454FF1D26117B43FC6B" blockId="7.[135,1452,236,1023]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
Molecular phylogenetic analysis. The NJ and 
<collectionCode id="ED30AE7B3308C454FD02261078AEFCE0" box="[674,713,861,884]" country="France" name="Musee de Lectoure" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">ML</collectionCode>
trees based on COI sequences are closely similar (
<figureCitation id="131A2A3B3308C454FB4026117F3CFCE1" box="[1248,1371,860,885]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="9.[155,190,1976,1998]" captionStartId-1="10.[155,190,1119,1141]" captionTargetBox-0="[244,1329,1206,1932]" captionTargetBox-1="[244,1335,290,1058]" captionTargetId-0="figure-382@9.[228,1361,1195,1948]" captionTargetId-1="figure-244@10.[227,1360,277,1070]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionText-0="Fig. 18. Neighbor-Joining tree of COI gene, the scale indicates the branch length in substitutions per site." captionText-1="Fig. 19. Maximum-Likelihood tree of COI gene, the scale indicates the branch length in substitutions per site." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617515" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4617517" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4617515/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4617517/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Figs 18–19</figureCitation>
). Three individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D3D3308C454FE8726CD78ECFC03" authority="Chen &amp; Wang" authorityName="Chen &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2015" box="[295,651,895,919]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Duegsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B955EAAC3308C454FE8726CD7BB9FC03" box="[295,478,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Duegsia sinensis</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Wang
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B955EAAC3308C454FD3B26327894FC03" bold="true" box="[667,755,895,919]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26657D73308C454FD3B26327894FC03" box="[667,755,895,919]" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
comprise a sister group to the other 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D3D3308C454FB2B26CD7E83FC03" box="[1163,1252,896,919]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Duegsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955EAAC3308C454FB2B26CD7E83FC03" box="[1163,1252,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Duegsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group with 100% bootstrap in both trees. All the COI sequences of genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D3D3308C454FD7E26EF7950FC2D" box="[734,823,930,953]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Duegsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955EAAC3308C454FD7E26EF7950FC2D" box="[734,823,930,953]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Duegsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
used in analysis form a clade with 100% bootstrap in both trees, suggesting the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D3D3308C454FE0A26887864FC48" authorityName="Girard" authorityYear="1850" box="[426,515,965,988]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Dugesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955EAAC3308C454FE0A26887864FC48" box="[426,515,965,988]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Dugesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is likely to be a sister group of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D3D3308C454FC1826897E7DFC48" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" box="[952,1050,964,988]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Bipaliidae" genus="Bipalium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955EAAC3308C454FC1826897E7DFC48" box="[952,1050,964,988]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Bipalium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D3D3308C454FB8626897EF2FC48" authorityName="Ball" authorityYear="1974" box="[1062,1173,964,988]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Schmidtea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955EAAC3308C454FB8626897EF2FC48" box="[1062,1173,964,988]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Schmidtea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D3D3308C454FB0226897F67FC48" box="[1186,1280,964,988]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Dugesiidae" genus="Girardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Seriata" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955EAAC3308C454FB0226897F67FC48" box="[1186,1280,964,988]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="244">Girardia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the family 
<taxonomicName id="4C214D3D3308C454FF2826AA7B47FC6B" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1857" box="[136,288,999,1023]" family="Geoplanoidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="244" rank="family">Geoplanoidea</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>