315 lines
42 KiB
XML
315 lines
42 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7613279385E754F8E2321BCD4DDA3217">Studies on western Pacific gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae). Part 1: a review of the genus Chrysogorgia, with description of a new genus and three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DDE19DB01C1F9225F426526C764B89AF">Xu, Yu</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0388878CFFBE9C55099CE88E7782FE3A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8211631" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212424458" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8211631" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388878CFFBE9C55099CE88E7782FE3A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388878CFFBE9C55099CE88E7782FE3A" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFBE9C56099CE88E765BFA2B" blockId="72.[151,595,1446,1509]" box="[151,595,1446,1473]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<heading id="D0D681F6FFBE9C56099CE88E765BFA2B" bold="true" box="[151,595,1446,1473]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFBE9C56099CE88E765BFA2B" ID-CoL="5YQBC" authority="Nutting, 1908" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,595,1446,1473]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicata">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBE9C56099CE88E765BFA2B" bold="true" box="[151,595,1446,1473]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBE9C56099CE88E75AAFA2A" bold="true" box="[151,418,1446,1473]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Chrysogorgia delicata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFBE9C5608A2E88E765BFA2B" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[425,595,1446,1472]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="543 - 601" refId="ref38843" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1908) Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Islands in 1902. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 34, 543 - 601. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.34 - 1624.543" type="journal article" year="1908">Nutting, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFBE9C56099CE8E37575FA0E" box="[151,381,1482,1509]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFBE9C56099CE8E37575FA0E" blockId="72.[151,595,1446,1509]" box="[151,381,1482,1509]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBE9C56099CE8E374FCFA0E" box="[151,244,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,237,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-40@73.[154,1434,237,1685]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 44. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia delicata Nutting, 1908. A, B. The same specimen in situ (the arrow) and after collection. C, F. Non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. D, G. Terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. E. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 1 mm (C, D, F, G); 500 μm (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203532/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figs. 44</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBE9C5609F4E8E27516FA0E" box="[255,286,1482,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,381,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-112@74.[163,1423,381,1798]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 45. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia delicata Nutting, 1908. A. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. B. Sclerites in polyp body wall. C. Some warty sclerites in the proximal pinnules. D. Sclerites in coenenchyme. E. Sclerites in pinnules. Scale bars: 300 μm (A–E; A, B, D, E in the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203536/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">45</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6A30321FFBE9C560821E8E37575FA0E" box="[298,381,1483,1509]" captionStart="TABLE 9" captionStartId="53.[118,210,476,502]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="TABLE 9. Morphological comparisons among the similar species with bottlebrush-shaped colony within the Versluys’ Group C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5E6612FFC39C2B097DECF471D8FE1D" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" tableUuid="DF5E6612FFC39C2B097DECF471D8FE1D">Table 9</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFBE9C56099CEB27766DF98F" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFBE9C56099CEB277712F9CC" blockId="72.[151,794,1551,1637]" box="[151,794,1551,1575]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3111B4FFBE9C56099CEB277712F9CC" box="[151,794,1551,1575]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A80108BFFBE9C56099CEB27767FF9CC" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[151,631,1551,1575]" page="590" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" year="1908">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFBE9C56099CEB27767FF9CC" ID-CoL="5YQBC" authority="Nutting, 1908: 589 - 590" authorityName="Nutting" authorityPageNumber="589 - 590" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,631,1551,1575]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicata">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBE9C56099CEB277573F9CC" box="[151,379,1551,1575]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Chrysogorgia delicata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFBE9C56088AEB27767FF9CC" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[385,631,1551,1575]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="543 - 601" refId="ref38843" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1908) Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Islands in 1902. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 34, 543 - 601. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.34 - 1624.543" type="journal article" year="1908">Nutting, 1908: 589–590</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Pl. XLV, fig. 7.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFBE9C56099CEB0676AAF9AD" blockId="72.[151,794,1551,1637]" box="[151,674,1582,1606]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3111B4FFBE9C56099CEB0676AAF9AD" box="[151,674,1582,1606]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFBE9C56099CEB06760EF9AD" box="[151,518,1582,1606]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBE9C56099CEB06752BF9AD" box="[151,291,1582,1606]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Chrysogorgia</emphasis>
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sp.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A80108BFFBE9C560847EB06760EF9AD" author="Versluys, J." box="[332,518,1582,1606]" page="78" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" year="1902">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFBE9C560847EB06760EF9AD" author="Versluys, J." box="[332,518,1582,1606]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref39666" refString="Versluys, J. (1902) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. 1. Die Chrysogorgiiden. Siboga-Expeditie, 13, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1902">Versluys 1902: 78</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, figs. 128–129.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFBE9C56099CEB64766DF98F" blockId="72.[151,794,1551,1637]" box="[151,613,1612,1637]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3111B4FFBE9C56099CEB64766DF98F" box="[151,613,1612,1637]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A80108BFFBE9C56099CEB647669F98F" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[151,609,1612,1637]" page="531" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" year="1919">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFBE9C56099CEB647669F98F" ID-CoL="5YQBC" authority=": Kukenthal 1919: 531" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityPageNumber="531" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,609,1612,1637]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicata">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBE9C56099CEB647573F98F" box="[151,379,1612,1636]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Chrysogorgia delicata</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFBE9C560883EB647669F98F" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[392,609,1612,1637]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 946" refId="ref38389" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1919) Gorgonaria. Wissenschaftliche Ergennisse der Deutschen Tiefsee - Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia " 1898 - 1899, 13 (2), 1 - 946." type="journal article" year="1919">Kükenthal 1919: 531</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFBE9C56099CEBBA76CDF93A" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFBE9C56099CEBBA76CDF93A" blockId="72.[151,1437,1682,2033]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBE9C56099CEBBA7577F947" bold="true" box="[151,383,1682,1708]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B493CC7FFBE9C56088EEBBA76C9F93A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4168152309" collectingDate="2019-06-09" collectionCode="MBM" elevation="1966" latitude="10.051667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="140.15833" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" specimenCode="MBM286859" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="DB879EE1FFBE9C56088EEBBA7628F946" box="[389,544,1682,1709]" collectionCode="MBM" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fc7c-p25f" name="San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">MBM286859</specimenCode>
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, station FX-Dive 221 (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE15505DFFBE9C560A16EBBC7781F944" box="[797,905,1684,1711]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="3" orientation="latitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="15" seconds="6" value="10.051667">10°3′6″N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE15505DFFBE9C560A98EBBC7012F944" box="[915,1050,1684,1711]" degrees="140" direction="east" minutes="9" orientation="longitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="15" seconds="30" value="140.15833">140°9′30″E</geoCoordinate>
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||
), a seamount (tentatively named as M5) on the Caroline Ridge,
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<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBE9C5608D8EB9F7622F93A" box="[467,554,1719,1745]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.966" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="1966.0">
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<elevation id="000CD1A9FFBE9C5608D8EB9F7622F93A" box="[467,554,1719,1745]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.966" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="1966.0">1966 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FF9F105AFFBE9C560B3DEB9F76C9F93A" box="[566,705,1719,1745]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="2019-06-09">
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<collectingDate id="EFDBE9B2FFBE9C560B3DEB9F76C9F93A" box="[566,705,1719,1745]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="2019-06-09">9 June 2019</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFBE9C5409CCEBF276C7FE8E" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFBE9C5709CCEBF275A1FF3E" blockId="72.[151,1437,1682,2033]" lastBlockId="73.[151,1436,150,213]" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBE9C5609CCEBF27551F91F" bold="true" box="[199,345,1754,1780]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Description.</emphasis>
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Colony attached to a rocky substrate in situ with a small bottlebrush shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBE9C560DBAEBF37113F91E" box="[1201,1307,1755,1781]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,237,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-40@73.[154,1434,237,1685]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 44. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia delicata Nutting, 1908. A, B. The same specimen in situ (the arrow) and after collection. C, F. Non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. D, G. Terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. E. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 1 mm (C, D, F, G); 500 μm (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203532/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 44A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Specimen short about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBE9C560810EBD77568F8F2" box="[283,352,1791,1817]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBE9C5608C5EBD7760DF8F2" box="[462,517,1791,1817]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide in maximum with the holdfast not recovered (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBE9C560D43EBD770A7F8F2" box="[1096,1199,1791,1817]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,237,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-40@73.[154,1434,237,1685]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 44. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia delicata Nutting, 1908. A, B. The same specimen in situ (the arrow) and after collection. C, F. Non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. D, G. Terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. E. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 1 mm (C, D, F, G); 500 μm (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203532/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 44B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Stem about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBE9C560C4CEBD77195F8F2" box="[1351,1437,1791,1817]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter at base with golden metallic luster. Branching sequence 1/
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D27FD13FFBE9C560AA7EA0B77DBF8D6" box="[940,979,1827,1853]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="generic">3L.</specimenCount>
|
||
Branches subdivided dichotomously, up to four orders with branching angle 70°–80°. Distance between adjacent branches
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBE9C560D29EA6F7088F88A" box="[1058,1152,1863,1889]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, orthostiche intervals
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBE9C560C79EA6F74E0F86E" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="10.0">10– 17 mm</quantity>
|
||
, the first internode of branch
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBE9C560B38EA427698F86E" box="[563,656,1898,1925]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="5.0">5–9 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and the terminal branchlets up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBE9C560D4EEA43709CF86E" box="[1093,1172,1899,1925]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Polyps on branch internode average
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBE9C56086EEAA775AEF842" box="[357,422,1935,1961]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall and
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBE9C560B0DEAA7766BF842" box="[518,611,1935,1961]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, usually with a small oval body, and became large with a cylindrical body in terminal and up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBE9C5608CEEA9B760EF826" box="[453,518,1971,1997]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBE9C560B34EA9B770CF826" box="[575,772,1971,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,237,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-40@73.[154,1434,237,1685]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 44. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia delicata Nutting, 1908. A, B. The same specimen in situ (the arrow) and after collection. C, F. Non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. D, G. Terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. E. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 1 mm (C, D, F, G); 500 μm (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203532/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 44C, D, F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Polyps usually arranged one on first and medial internode and one or two on terminal branchlets. Polyps in stem internodes small with eight extended tentacles, 0.5–1.0 mm tall and often arranged one in each internode. Tentacular part with eight obvious tentacles, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBF9C570DCCEDBE7115FF5A" box="[1223,1309,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in terminal polyps. Verrucae absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5E6612FFBF9C57099CEB847537F8DB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203532" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8203532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203532/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" startId="73.[151,250,1708,1732]" targetBox="[154,1434,237,1685]" targetPageId="73" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFBF9C57099CEB847537F8DB" blockId="73.[151,1437,1708,1841]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBF9C57099CEB847529F92F" bold="true" box="[151,289,1708,1732]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">FIGURE 44.</emphasis>
|
||
The external morphology and polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFBF9C570BCDEB84704BF92F" authority="Nutting, 1908" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1908" box="[710,1091,1708,1732]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBF9C570BCDEB8477A3F92F" box="[710,939,1708,1732]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Chrysogorgia delicata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFBF9C570AB9EB84704BF92F" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[946,1091,1708,1732]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="543 - 601" refId="ref38843" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1908) Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Islands in 1902. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 34, 543 - 601. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.34 - 1624.543" type="journal article" year="1908">Nutting, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBF9C570D46EB847057F92F" bold="true" box="[1101,1119,1708,1732]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBF9C570D66EB84708CF92F" bold="true" box="[1133,1156,1708,1732]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">B.</emphasis>
|
||
The same specimen in situ (the arrow) and after collection.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBF9C5708E3EBF875F2F903" bold="true" box="[488,506,1744,1768]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBF9C570B03EBF87613F903" bold="true" box="[520,539,1744,1768]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBF9C570DF4EBF87119F903" bold="true" box="[1279,1297,1744,1768]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBF9C570C14EBF8713BF903" bold="true" box="[1311,1331,1744,1768]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBF9C570BDDEBDC76E5F8E7" bold="true" box="[726,749,1780,1804]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">E.</emphasis>
|
||
A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 5 cm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBF9C570DDCEBDC70E0F8E7" bold="true" box="[1239,1256,1780,1804]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">B</emphasis>
|
||
); 1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBF9C570C43EBDC7152F8E7" bold="true" box="[1352,1370,1780,1804]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBF9C570C6CEBDC7171F8E7" bold="true" box="[1383,1401,1780,1804]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBF9C570C8DEBDC719DF8E7" bold="true" box="[1414,1429,1780,1804]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">F</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBF9C57099CEA3074A3F8DB" bold="true" box="[151,171,1816,1840]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">G</emphasis>
|
||
); 500 μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBF9C570816EA307539F8DB" bold="true" box="[285,305,1816,1840]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">H</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFBF9C5409CCEA7676C7FE8E" blockId="73.[151,1436,1886,2021]" lastBlockId="74.[151,1436,150,357]" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
Scales in aboral face of tentacle rachis transversely and alternately arranged, thick and nearly smooth, forked and branched with irregular shape, some of them curved with sparse fine warts and toothed edges of ends, measuring 75–497 × 10–283 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBF9C570892EA8E760AF82A" box="[409,514,1958,1985]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,381,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-112@74.[163,1423,381,1798]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 45. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia delicata Nutting, 1908. A. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. B. Sclerites in polyp body wall. C. Some warty sclerites in the proximal pinnules. D. Sclerites in coenenchyme. E. Sclerites in pinnules. Scale bars: 300 μm (A–E; A, B, D, E in the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203536/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 45A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scales in pinnules longitudinally arranged, nearly smooth, usually a little curved with one end forked or broad and the other end narrow or sharp, some of them with many warts and finely toothed end surface, and branched with irregular shape, measuring 183–452 × 7–144 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBC9C540D40EDBF70DEFF5A" box="[1099,1238,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,381,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-112@74.[163,1423,381,1798]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 45. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia delicata Nutting, 1908. A. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. B. Sclerites in polyp body wall. C. Some warty sclerites in the proximal pinnules. D. Sclerites in coenenchyme. E. Sclerites in pinnules. Scale bars: 300 μm (A–E; A, B, D, E in the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203536/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 45C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scales in polyp body wall irregularly arranged, elongate and nearly smooth with an obvious medial contraction, occasionally with sparse fine warts, measuring 130–314 × 14–107 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBC9C540BEAEDF7774EFF12" box="[737,838,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,381,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-112@74.[163,1423,381,1798]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 45. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia delicata Nutting, 1908. A. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. B. Sclerites in polyp body wall. C. Some warty sclerites in the proximal pinnules. D. Sclerites in coenenchyme. E. Sclerites in pinnules. Scale bars: 300 μm (A–E; A, B, D, E in the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203536/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 45B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Its edges usually finely toothed on surface, forked or lobed with very irregular shape, occasionally protruding outward. Scales in coenenchyme longitudinally arranged, small and slender, nearly smooth and often with lobed edges, some of them forked or branched with irregular shape, measuring 190–419 × 17–95 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBC9C540B1FEC63768BFE8E" box="[532,643,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1708,1732]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,237,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-40@73.[154,1434,237,1685]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 44. The external morphology and polyps of Chrysogorgia delicata Nutting, 1908. A, B. The same specimen in situ (the arrow) and after collection. C, F. Non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. D, G. Terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. E. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 1 mm (C, D, F, G); 500 μm (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203532/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs. 44E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBC9C540B85EC6276CBFE8E" box="[654,707,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,381,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-112@74.[163,1423,381,1798]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 45. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia delicata Nutting, 1908. A. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. B. Sclerites in polyp body wall. C. Some warty sclerites in the proximal pinnules. D. Sclerites in coenenchyme. E. Sclerites in pinnules. Scale bars: 300 μm (A–E; A, B, D, E in the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203536/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">45D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5E6612FFBC9C54099CEA357603F895" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203536" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8203536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203536/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" startId="74.[151,250,1821,1845]" targetBox="[163,1423,381,1798]" targetPageId="74" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFBC9C54099CEA357603F895" blockId="74.[151,1437,1821,1918]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBC9C54099CEA357528F8DE" bold="true" box="[151,288,1821,1845]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">FIGURE 45.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFBC9C5408ABEA367713F8DD" authority="Nutting, 1908" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1908" box="[416,795,1822,1846]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBC9C5408ABEA36768CF8DD" box="[416,644,1822,1846]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Chrysogorgia delicata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFBC9C540B80EA367713F8DD" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[651,795,1822,1846]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="543 - 601" refId="ref38843" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1908) Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Islands in 1902. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 34, 543 - 601. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.34 - 1624.543" type="journal article" year="1908">Nutting, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBC9C540A2EEA357735F8DE" bold="true" box="[805,829,1821,1845]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites in tentacle rachis.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBC9C540D50EA36707AF8DD" bold="true" box="[1115,1138,1822,1846]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites in polyp body wall.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBC9C54099CEA6974B8F8B2" bold="true" box="[151,176,1857,1881]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Some warty sclerites in the proximal pinnules.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBC9C540BAAEA6A76B2F8B1" bold="true" box="[673,698,1858,1882]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites in coenenchyme.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBC9C540ADDEA6A77E5F8B1" bold="true" box="[982,1005,1858,1882]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites in pinnules. Scale bars: 300 μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBC9C5409ABEA4D74D8F895" bold="true" box="[160,208,1893,1918]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">A–E</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBC9C5409D6EA4D74E7F896" bold="true" box="[221,239,1893,1917]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBC9C5409F7EA4E7505F895" bold="true" box="[252,269,1894,1918]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBC9C540812EA4E7523F895" bold="true" box="[281,299,1894,1918]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBC9C540833EA4E7541F895" bold="true" box="[312,329,1894,1918]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">E</emphasis>
|
||
in the same scale).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFBC9C5409CCEA8377BDF801" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFBC9C5409CCEA8377BDF801" blockId="74.[151,1436,1963,2026]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBC9C5409CCEA8375F8F82E" bold="true" box="[199,496,1963,1990]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Off Menado, 1264–
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBC9C540BD9EA84772DF82D" box="[722,805,1964,1991]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.165" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="1165.0">1165 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFBC9C540A38EA8477DFF82D" author="Versluys, J." box="[819,983,1964,1990]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref39666" refString="Versluys, J. (1902) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. 1. Die Chrysogorgiiden. Siboga-Expeditie, 13, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1902">Versluys 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E5F878FFBC9C540AE0EA847037F82D" box="[1003,1087,1964,1990]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBC9C540D42EA8470DDF82D" box="[1097,1237,1964,1991]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.995" metricValueMax="14.63" metricValueMin="5.36" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="999.5" valueMax="1463.0" valueMin="536.0">536–1463 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFBC9C540DE8EA847174F82D" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[1251,1404,1964,1990]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="543 - 601" refId="ref38843" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1908) Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Islands in 1902. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 34, 543 - 601. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.34 - 1624.543" type="journal article" year="1908">Nutting 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); a seamount on the Caroline Ridge in the Western Pacific Ocean,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBC9C540A52EAF877B9F801" box="[857,945,2000,2026]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.966" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="1966.0">1966 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFBD9C5509CCEDBF7782FE3A" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFBD9C5509CCEDBF7782FE3A" blockId="75.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBD9C5509CCEDBF7533FF5A" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,177]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFBD9C550B7BEDBF7004FF5A" authority="Nutting, 1908" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1908" box="[624,1036,151,177]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBD9C550B7BEDBF7763FF5A" box="[624,875,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Chrysogorgia delicata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFBD9C550A7AEDBF7004FF5A" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[881,1036,151,177]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="543 - 601" refId="ref38843" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1908) Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Islands in 1902. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 34, 543 - 601. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.34 - 1624.543" type="journal article" year="1908">Nutting, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unclear. As described by Nutting, the polyp’s sclerites are same with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFBD9C550B11ED9376D2FF3E" box="[538,730,187,213]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBD9C550B11ED9376BDFF3E" box="[538,693,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Chrysogorgia</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFBD9C550A77ED937016FF3E" author="Versluys, J." box="[892,1054,187,213]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref39666" refString="Versluys, J. (1902) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. 1. Die Chrysogorgiiden. Siboga-Expeditie, 13, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1902">Versluys 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p78). We compared our specimen with the descriptions of Versluys and Nutting, and found it matches well with them. Therefore, the characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFBD9C550C88EDF774F9FEF6" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1908" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="delicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBD9C550C88EDF774F9FEF6" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C. delicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be summarized by having a bottlebrush-shaped colony, nearly smooth and more forked or lobed scales with various shape in polyp body wall, slender and nearly smooth scales often with lobed edges and irregular shape in coenenchyme, and nearly smooth scales usually curved with one end forked or branched and broad, and the other end narrow or sharp in pinnules. It is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFBD9C550BE1EC477089FE62" authority="(Wright & Studer, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Wright & Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[746,1153,367,393]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="axillaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBD9C550BE1EC477760FE62" box="[746,872,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C. axillaris</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFBD9C550A7DEC477071FE62" author="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T." box="[886,1145,367,393]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref39756" refString="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 31 (64), 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright & Studer, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFBD9C550DBCEC4774DAFE46" authority="Versluys, 1902" authorityName="Versluys" authorityYear="1902" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBD9C550DBCEC477126FE62" box="[1207,1326,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C. sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFBD9C550C3EEC4774DAFE46" author="Versluys, J." pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref39666" refString="Versluys, J. (1902) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. 1. Die Chrysogorgiiden. Siboga-Expeditie, 13, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1902">Versluys, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but differs from them by more irregular scales with more lobed and branched edges in polyp body wall and coenenchyme (vs. both relatively regular with less lobes) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A30321FFBD9C550A2EEC9F7773FE3A" box="[805,891,439,465]" captionStart="TABLE 9" captionStartId="53.[118,210,476,502]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="TABLE 9. Morphological comparisons among the similar species with bottlebrush-shaped colony within the Versluys’ Group C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5E6612FFC39C2B097DECF471D8FE1D" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" tableUuid="DF5E6612FFC39C2B097DECF471D8FE1D">Table 9</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |