458 lines
64 KiB
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458 lines
64 KiB
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<mods:title id="6A1FDB2B12552682A8C330444CB9E267">Studies on western Pacific gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae). Part 1: a review of the genus Chrysogorgia, with description of a new genus and three new species</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFBD9C55099CEB5177BDF978" ID-CoL="5YQC5" authority="(Wright & Studer, 1889) Versluys, 1902" authorityName=": Versluys" authorityYear="1902" baseAuthorityName="Wright & Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[151,949,1657,1684]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acanthella">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBD9C55099CEB5177BDF978" bold="true" box="[151,949,1657,1684]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBD9C55099CEB5175CAF97F" bold="true" box="[151,450,1657,1684]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Chrysogorgia acanthella</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFBD9C5508DAEB5176FAF978" author="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T." box="[465,754,1657,1683]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref39756" refString="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 31 (64), 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright & Studer, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFBD9C550A0AEB5177BDF978" author="Versluys, J." box="[769,949,1657,1683]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref39666" refString="Versluys, J. (1902) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. 1. Die Chrysogorgiiden. Siboga-Expeditie, 13, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1902">Versluys, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBD9C55099CEBB57517F953" box="[151,287,1693,1720]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 48" captionStart-1="FIGURE 49" captionStart-2="FIGURE 50" captionStart-3="FIGURE 51" captionStartId-0="78.[151,250,1840,1864]" captionStartId-1="79.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionStartId-2="80.[151,250,1788,1812]" captionStartId-3="81.[151,250,1607,1631]" captionTargetBox-0="[154,1434,270,1814]" captionTargetBox-1="[155,1432,181,1846]" captionTargetBox-2="[154,1434,181,1764]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1435,202,1573]" captionTargetId-0="figure-71@78.[154,1434,270,1814]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@79.[155,1432,181,1846]" captionTargetId-2="figure-20@80.[154,1434,181,1764]" captionTargetId-3="figure-17@81.[151,1435,202,1573]" captionTargetPageId-0="78" captionTargetPageId-1="79" captionTargetPageId-2="80" captionTargetPageId-3="81" captionText-0="FIGURE 48.The external morphology andpolyps of Chrysogorgia acanthella (Wright & Studer,1889), specimen MBM286862. A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C, D. Single non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. E. A single terminal polyps under SEM. F. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C–E); 300 μm (F)." captionText-1="FIGURE 49. The sclerites of Chrysogorgia acanthella (Wright & Studer, 1889), specimen MBM286862. A. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. B. Sclerites in polyp body wall. C. Sclerites in pinnules. D. Sclerites in coenenchyme. E. Sclerites at the base of tentacular part. F. Sclerites in polyp mouth area. Scale bars: 300 μm (A–E in the same scale); 50 μm (F)." captionText-2="FIGURE 50.The external morphology andpolyps of Chrysogorgia acanthella (Wright & Studer,1889), specimen MBM286357. A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C–E. Non-terminal polyps with eggs in bulbous base under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. F. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C–E); 200 μm (F)." captionText-3="FIGURE 51. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia acanthella (Wright & Studer, 1889), specimen MBM286357. A. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. B. Sclerites in polyp body wall. C. Sclerites in coenenchyme. D. Some warty sclerites in polyp mouth area near the tentacles. E. Sclerites in pinnules. Scale bars: 300 μm (A–C in the same scale); 100 μm (D, E in the same scale)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203544" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203548" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203550" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203555" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8203544/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8203548/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8203550/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/8203555/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Figs. 48–51</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6A30321FFBD9C550821EBB57580F95C" box="[298,392,1693,1719]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="51.[118,210,433,459]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="TABLE 8. The morphological data of the Chrysogorgia specimens in this passage." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5E6612FFC59C2D097DEC9977F8FE20" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" tableUuid="DF5E6612FFC59C2D097DEC9977F8FE20">Tables 8</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6A30321FFBD9C55089EEBB575ABF95C" box="[405,419,1693,1719]" captionStart="TABLE 9" captionStartId="53.[118,210,476,502]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="TABLE 9. Morphological comparisons among the similar species with bottlebrush-shaped colony within the Versluys’ Group C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5E6612FFC39C2B097DECF471D8FE1D" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" tableUuid="DF5E6612FFC39C2B097DECF471D8FE1D">9</tableCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFBD9C55099CEBCA76B4F911" ID-CoL="866GX" authority="Wright & Studer, 1889: 18 - 20" authorityName="Wright & Studer" authorityPageNumber="18 - 20" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,700,1762,1786]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Dasygorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acanthella">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBD9C55099CEBCA7577F911" box="[151,383,1762,1786]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Dasygorgia acanthella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFBD9C55088EEBCA76B4F911" author="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T." box="[389,700,1762,1786]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref39756" refString="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 31 (64), 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright & Studer, 1889: 18–20</bibRefCitation>
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, Pl. IV, fig. 6; Pl. V, fig. 8.
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<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFBD9C55099CEA2876EEF8F2" blockId="75.[151,968,1762,1878]" box="[151,742,1792,1817]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFBD9C55099CEA28768FF8F2" ID-CoL="5YQC5" authority=": Versluys, 1902: 71 - 73" authorityName=": Versluys" authorityPageNumber="71 - 73" authorityYear="1902" baseAuthorityName="Wright & Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[151,647,1792,1817]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acanthella">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBD9C55099CEA28759CF8F3" box="[151,404,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Chrysogorgia acanthella</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFBD9C5508AAEA28768FF8F2" author="Versluys, J." box="[417,647,1792,1817]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref39666" refString="Versluys, J. (1902) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. 1. Die Chrysogorgiiden. Siboga-Expeditie, 13, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1902">Versluys, 1902: 71–73</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 113.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A80108BFFBD9C55099CEA377689F8DC" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[151,641,1823,1847]" page="526" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1919">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFBD9C55099CEA377689F8DC" ID-CoL="5YQC5" authority=": Kukenthal, 1919: 526" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityPageNumber="526" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,641,1823,1847]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acanthella">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBD9C55099CEA37759CF8DC" box="[151,404,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Chrysogorgia acanthella</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFBD9C5508A9EA377689F8DC" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[418,641,1823,1847]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 946" refId="ref38389" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1919) Gorgonaria. Wissenschaftliche Ergennisse der Deutschen Tiefsee - Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia " 1898 - 1899, 13 (2), 1 - 946." type="journal article" year="1919">Kükenthal, 1919: 526</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFBD9C55099CEA16769FF8BD" blockId="75.[151,968,1762,1878]" box="[151,663,1854,1878]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A80108BFFBD9C55099CEA16769BF8BD" author="Pasternak, F. A." box="[151,659,1854,1878]" page="51" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1981">
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<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFBD9C55099CEA16769BF8BD" ID-CoL="5YQC5" authority=": Pasternak, 1981: 50 - 51" authorityName="Pasternak" authorityPageNumber="50 - 51" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,659,1854,1878]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acanthella">
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<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBD9C55099CEA16759CF8BD" box="[151,404,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Chrysogorgia acanthella</emphasis>
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:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFBD9C5508A9EA16769BF8BD" author="Pasternak, F. A." box="[418,659,1854,1878]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="40 - 56" refId="ref39103" refString="Pasternak, F. A. (1981) Alcyonacea and Gorgonacea. In: Benthos of the Submarine Mountains of the Marcus-Necker and adjacent Pacific Regions. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, 1981, pp. 40 - 56." type="journal article" year="1981">Pasternak, 1981: 50–51</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFBD9C55099CEAAC7089F80D" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFBD9C55099CEAAC7089F80D" blockId="75.[151,1437,1924,2023]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBD9C55099CEAAC7588F875" bold="true" box="[151,384,1924,1950]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B493CC7FFBD9C55088EEAAC76D1F829" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4168152318" collectingDate="2019-05-29" collectionCode="MBM" elevation="1478" latitude="10.049167" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="140.17473" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="MBM286862" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB879EE1FFBD9C55088EEAAC7629F875" box="[389,545,1924,1950]" collectionCode="MBM" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fc7c-p25f" name="San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">MBM286862</specimenCode>
|
||
, station FX-Dive 211 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE15505DFFBD9C550A16EAAD779FF84B" box="[797,919,1925,1952]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="2" orientation="latitude" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" precision="15" seconds="57" value="10.049167">10°2′57″N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE15505DFFBD9C550AA9EAAD703EF84B" box="[930,1078,1925,1952]" degrees="140" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" precision="15" seconds="29" value="140.17473">140°10′29″E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), a seamount (tentatively named as M5) on the Caroline Ridge,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBD9C5508E2EA807631F829" box="[489,569,1960,1986]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.478" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="1478.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000CD1A9FFBD9C5508E2EA807631F829" box="[489,569,1960,1986]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.478" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="1478.0">1478m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9F105AFFBD9C550B48EA8076D1F829" box="[579,729,1960,1987]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="2019-05-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDBE9B2FFBD9C550B48EA8076D1F829" box="[579,729,1960,1987]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="2019-05-29">29 May 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B493CC7FFBD9C550BE9EA807075F80D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4168152347" collectingDate="2016-03-27" collectionCode="MBM" elevation="1458" latitude="11.2705555" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="139.425" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="MBM286357" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB879EE1FFBD9C550BE9EA807775F828" box="[738,893,1960,1987]" collectionCode="MBM" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fc7c-p25f" name="San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammals" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">MBM286357</specimenCode>
|
||
, station FX-Dive 70 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE15505DFFBD9C550D61EA8170F9F82F" box="[1130,1265,1961,1988]" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" precision="15" seconds="14" value="11.2705555">11°16′14″N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE15505DFFBD9C550DF7EA817198F82F" box="[1276,1424,1961,1988]" degrees="139" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" precision="15" seconds="30" value="139.425">139°25′30″E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), a seamount (tentatively named as M2) near the Mariana Trench,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBD9C550A60EAE477CAF80C" box="[875,962,1996,2023]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.458" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="1458.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000CD1A9FFBD9C550A60EAE477CAF80C" box="[875,962,1996,2023]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.458" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="1458.0">1458 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9F105AFFBD9C550AC5EAE47075F80D" box="[974,1149,1996,2022]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="2016-03-27">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDBE9B2FFBD9C550AC5EAE47075F80D" box="[974,1149,1996,2022]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="2016-03-27">27 March 2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5E6612FFBA9C52099CEA25760CF87A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203538" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8203538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203538/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" startId="76.[151,250,1805,1829]" targetBox="[154,1434,179,1779]" targetPageId="76" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFBA9C52099CEA25760CF87A" blockId="76.[151,1436,1805,1938]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBA9C52099CEA25752AF8CE" bold="true" box="[151,290,1805,1829]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">FIGURE 46.</emphasis>
|
||
The external morphology and polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFBA9C520BDAEA2570E4F8CE" authority="Xu, Li, Zhan & Xu, 2019" authorityName="Xu, Li, Zhan & Xu" authorityYear="2019" box="[721,1260,1805,1829]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramificans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBA9C520BDAEA2577DAF8CE" box="[721,978,1805,1829]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Chrysogorgia ramificans</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFBA9C520AD0EA2670E4F8CE" author="Xu, Y. & Li, Y. & Zhan, Z. & Xu, K." box="[987,1260,1805,1829]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="91 - 107" refId="ref39824" refString="Xu, Y., Li, Y., Zhan, Z. & Xu, K. (2019) Morphology and phylogenetic analysis of two new deep-sea species of Chrysogorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae) from Kocebu Guyot (Magellan seamounts) in the Pacific Ocean. Zookeys, 881, 91 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 881.34759" type="journal article" year="2019">Xu, Li, Zhan & Xu, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBA9C520DFCEA257101F8CE" bold="true" box="[1271,1289,1805,1829]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBA9C520C12EA257127F8CE" bold="true" box="[1305,1327,1805,1829]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">B.</emphasis>
|
||
The same specimen in situ and after collection.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBA9C520B2BEA19763AF8A2" bold="true" box="[544,562,1841,1865]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBA9C520B4AEA197650F8A2" bold="true" box="[577,600,1841,1865]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Single non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBA9C520C8FEA197194F8A2" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1841,1865]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Pinnular part under SEM.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBA9C5208AAEA7D75BCF886" bold="true" box="[417,436,1877,1901]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">F.</emphasis>
|
||
A single terminal polyp under SEM.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBA9C520A24EA7D7741F886" bold="true" box="[815,841,1877,1901]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">G.</emphasis>
|
||
A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 10 cm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBA9C520C30EA7D7144F886" bold="true" box="[1339,1356,1877,1901]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">B</emphasis>
|
||
); 1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBA9C5209ABEA5174BAF87A" bold="true" box="[160,178,1913,1937]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBA9C5209B4EA5174D8F87A" bold="true" box="[191,208,1913,1937]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBA9C5209D7EA5174E3F87A" bold="true" box="[220,235,1913,1937]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">F</emphasis>
|
||
); 500 μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBA9C520855EA51757AF87A" bold="true" box="[350,370,1913,1937]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">G</emphasis>
|
||
); 100 μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBA9C5208EFEA5175FEF87A" bold="true" box="[484,502,1913,1937]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">D</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5E6612FFBB9C53099CEB4D751BF92E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203542" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8203542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203542/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" startId="77.[151,250,1637,1661]" targetBox="[159,1429,181,1613]" targetPageId="77" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFBB9C53099CEB4D751BF92E" blockId="77.[151,1436,1637,1734]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBB9C53099CEB4D7529F996" bold="true" box="[151,289,1637,1661]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">FIGURE 47.</emphasis>
|
||
The sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFBB9C5308C4EB4D77E9F996" authority="Xu, Li, Zhan & Xu, 2019" authorityName="Xu, Li, Zhan & Xu" authorityYear="2019" box="[463,993,1637,1661]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ramificans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBB9C5308C4EB4D76C6F996" box="[463,718,1637,1661]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Chrysogorgia ramificans</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFBB9C530BDDEB4E77E9F996" author="Xu, Y. & Li, Y. & Zhan, Z. & Xu, K." box="[726,993,1637,1661]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="91 - 107" refId="ref39824" refString="Xu, Y., Li, Y., Zhan, Z. & Xu, K. (2019) Morphology and phylogenetic analysis of two new deep-sea species of Chrysogorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae) from Kocebu Guyot (Magellan seamounts) in the Pacific Ocean. Zookeys, 881, 91 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 881.34759" type="journal article" year="2019">Xu, Li, Zhan & Xu, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBB9C530AE0EB4D700CF996" bold="true" box="[1003,1028,1637,1661]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites in tentacle rachis.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBB9C530C2DEB4D7135F996" bold="true" box="[1318,1341,1637,1661]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites in pinnules.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBB9C53081EEBA17525F94A" bold="true" box="[277,301,1673,1697]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites in coenenchyme.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBB9C530B4EEBA17656F94A" bold="true" box="[581,606,1673,1697]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites in polyp body wall. Scale bars: 300 μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBB9C530D69EBA1707CF94A" bold="true" box="[1122,1140,1673,1697]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBB9C530D89EBA1709CF94A" bold="true" box="[1154,1172,1673,1697]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">C</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBB9C530DCDEBA170D0F94A" bold="true" box="[1222,1240,1673,1697]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">D</emphasis>
|
||
in the same scale); 100 μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBB9C5309FFEB85750DF92E" bold="true" box="[244,261,1709,1733]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">B</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFBB9C4C09CCEBDB717CFDF2" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFBB9C5009CCEBDB77B5FF12" blockId="77.[151,1437,1779,2022]" lastBlockId="78.[151,1437,151,249]" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFBB9C5309CCEBDB7551F8E6" bold="true" box="[199,345,1779,1805]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Colonies bushy bottlebrush-shaped in situ and attached to a rocky substrate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBB9C530DD2EBDB7146F8E5" box="[1241,1358,1779,1806]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,270,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-71@78.[154,1434,270,1814]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 48.The external morphology andpolyps of Chrysogorgia acanthella (Wright & Studer,1889), specimen MBM286862. A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C, D. Single non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. E. A single terminal polyps under SEM. F. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C–E); 300 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203544/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Figs. 48A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBB9C530C57EBDB7198F8E5" box="[1372,1424,1779,1806]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1788,1812]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,181,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-20@80.[154,1434,181,1764]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 50.The external morphology andpolyps of Chrysogorgia acanthella (Wright & Studer,1889), specimen MBM286357. A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C–E. Non-terminal polyps with eggs in bulbous base under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. F. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C–E); 200 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203550/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">50A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Specimen of MBM286862 about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBB9C530B1CEA307656F8D9" box="[535,606,1816,1842]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="cm" value="23.0">23 cm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBB9C530BD9EA307711F8D9" box="[722,793,1816,1842]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="cm" value="14.0">14 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide in maximum with the holdfast not recovered (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBB9C530C64EA3F74C2F8BD" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,270,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-71@78.[154,1434,270,1814]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 48.The external morphology andpolyps of Chrysogorgia acanthella (Wright & Studer,1889), specimen MBM286862. A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C, D. Single non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. E. A single terminal polyps under SEM. F. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C–E); 300 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203544/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 48B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Stem about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBB9C530861EA1375CBF8BD" box="[362,451,1851,1878]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter at base with a little aeruginous metallic luster. Branching sequence 2/5L, 3/7L and irregular on the top. Branches subdivided dichotomously, up to 10 orders with branching angle 60°–80°. Distance between adjacent branch
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBB9C530B13EAAC768CF875" box="[536,644,1924,1950]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="3.0">3–19 mm</quantity>
|
||
, the first internode of branch
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBB9C530AC3EAAB703AF875" box="[968,1074,1923,1950]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="9.0">9–25 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and the terminal branchlets gracile and up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBB9C53085FEA8075A9F829" box="[340,417,1960,1986]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Polyps usually with an oval body and became narrow at tentacle base,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBB9C530DE1EA80714DF829" box="[1258,1349,1960,1986]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall and 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBB9C5309C1EAE37517F80D" box="[202,287,1995,2022]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, occasionally up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFBB9C530B34EAE47688F80D" box="[575,640,1996,2022]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in terminal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFBB9C530A19EAE37791F80D" box="[786,921,1995,2022]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,270,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-71@78.[154,1434,270,1814]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 48.The external morphology andpolyps of Chrysogorgia acanthella (Wright & Studer,1889), specimen MBM286862. A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C, D. Single non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. E. A single terminal polyps under SEM. F. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C–E); 300 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203544/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 48C–E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Polyps arranged two to four and often small on first internode, one to four in medial internode and up to five in terminal branchlets. Polyps in stem internodes very small and arranged two to eight in each internode. Eggs often observed in the bulbous base of polyps (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB89C500C6FED9374C0FF12" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,270,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-71@78.[154,1434,270,1814]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 48.The external morphology andpolyps of Chrysogorgia acanthella (Wright & Studer,1889), specimen MBM286862. A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C, D. Single non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. E. A single terminal polyps under SEM. F. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C–E); 300 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203544/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Figs. 48C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB89C5009DFEDF6750FFF12" box="[212,263,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1788,1812]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,181,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-20@80.[154,1434,181,1764]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 50.The external morphology andpolyps of Chrysogorgia acanthella (Wright & Studer,1889), specimen MBM286357. A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C–E. Non-terminal polyps with eggs in bulbous base under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. F. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C–E); 200 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203550/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">50C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Verrucae occasionally present on the polyp body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFB89C500A42EDF777B8FF12" box="[841,944,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1788,1812]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,181,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-20@80.[154,1434,181,1764]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 50.The external morphology andpolyps of Chrysogorgia acanthella (Wright & Studer,1889), specimen MBM286357. A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C–E. Non-terminal polyps with eggs in bulbous base under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. F. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C–E); 200 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203550/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 50C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5E6612FFB89C50099CEA1874EDF85F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203544" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8203544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203544/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" startId="78.[151,250,1840,1864]" targetBox="[154,1434,270,1814]" targetPageId="78" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFB89C50099CEA1874EDF85F" blockId="78.[151,1437,1840,1973]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB89C50099CEA187516F8A3" bold="true" box="[151,286,1840,1864]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">FIGURE 48.</emphasis>
|
||
The external morphology and polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFB89C500BA7EA187097F8A3" authority="(Wright & Studer, 1889)" authorityName=": Versluys" authorityYear="1902" baseAuthorityName="Wright & Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[684,1183,1840,1864]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acanthella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB89C500BA7EA1877AFF8A3" box="[684,935,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Chrysogorgia acanthella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFB89C500AB9EA187090F8A3" author="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T." box="[946,1176,1840,1864]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref39756" refString="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 31 (64), 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright & Studer, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen MBM286862.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB89C50099CEA7C74A1F887" bold="true" box="[151,169,1876,1900]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB89C5009B3EA7C74C7F887" bold="true" box="[184,207,1876,1900]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">B.</emphasis>
|
||
The same specimen in situ and after collection.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB89C500BC1EA7C76D4F887" bold="true" box="[714,732,1876,1900]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB89C500BE0EA7C770CF887" bold="true" box="[747,772,1876,1900]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Single non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB89C500816EA50753CF87B" bold="true" box="[285,308,1912,1936]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">E.</emphasis>
|
||
A single terminal polyps under SEM.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB89C500BB2EA5076C4F87B" bold="true" box="[697,716,1912,1936]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">F.</emphasis>
|
||
A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 10 cm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB89C500DCBEA5070D9F87B" bold="true" box="[1216,1233,1912,1936]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">B</emphasis>
|
||
); 1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB89C500C3BEA507168F87B" bold="true" box="[1328,1376,1912,1936]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">C–E</emphasis>
|
||
); 300 μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB89C5009CCEAB474DEF85F" bold="true" box="[199,214,1948,1972]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">F</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5E6612FFB99C51099CEA6670B4F844" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203548" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8203548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203548/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" startId="79.[151,250,1870,1894]" targetBox="[155,1432,181,1846]" targetPageId="79" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFB99C51099CEA6670B4F844" blockId="79.[151,1436,1870,1967]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB99C51099CEA66752CF88D" bold="true" box="[151,292,1870,1894]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">FIGURE 49.</emphasis>
|
||
The sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFB99C5108D6EA6677F8F88D" authority="(Wright & Studer, 1889)" authorityName=": Versluys" authorityYear="1902" baseAuthorityName="Wright & Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[477,1008,1870,1894]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acanthella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB99C5108D6EA6676D6F88D" box="[477,734,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Chrysogorgia acanthella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFB99C510BE4EA6677E1F88D" author="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T." box="[751,1001,1870,1894]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref39756" refString="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 31 (64), 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright & Studer, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen MBM286862.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB99C510C0FEA667114F88D" bold="true" box="[1284,1308,1870,1894]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites in tentacle rachis.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB99C51083EEA5A7543F861" bold="true" box="[309,331,1906,1930]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites in polyp body wall.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB99C510B72EA5A7699F861" bold="true" box="[633,657,1906,1930]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites in pinnules.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB99C510A7BEA5A7781F861" bold="true" box="[880,905,1906,1930]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites in coenenchyme.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB99C510D96EA5A70BCF861" bold="true" box="[1181,1204,1906,1930]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites at the base of tentacular part.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB99C51083EEABE7540F845" bold="true" box="[309,328,1942,1966]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites in polyp mouth area. Scale bars: 300 μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB99C510A5DEABE778EF845" bold="true" box="[854,902,1942,1966]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">A–E</emphasis>
|
||
in the same scale); 50 μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFB99C510D95EABE70A5F845" bold="true" box="[1182,1197,1942,1966]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">F</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5E6612FFA69C4E099CEBD47132F8B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203550" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8203550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203550/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" startId="80.[151,250,1788,1812]" targetBox="[154,1434,181,1764]" targetPageId="80" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFA69C4E099CEBD47132F8B6" blockId="80.[151,1437,1788,1885]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFA69C4E099CEBD47516F8FF" bold="true" box="[151,286,1788,1812]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">FIGURE 50.</emphasis>
|
||
The external morphology and polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFA69C4E0BA7EBD47097F8FF" authority="(Wright & Studer, 1889)" authorityName=": Versluys" authorityYear="1902" baseAuthorityName="Wright & Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[684,1183,1788,1812]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acanthella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFA69C4E0BA7EBD477AFF8FF" box="[684,935,1788,1812]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Chrysogorgia acanthella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFA69C4E0AB9EBD47090F8FF" author="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T." box="[946,1176,1788,1812]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref39756" refString="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 31 (64), 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright & Studer, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen MBM286357.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFA69C4E099CEA0874A1F8D3" bold="true" box="[151,169,1824,1848]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFA69C4E09B1EA0874D8F8D3" bold="true" box="[186,208,1824,1848]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">B.</emphasis>
|
||
The same specimen in situ and after collection.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFA69C4E0BD2EA087707F8D3" bold="true" box="[729,783,1824,1848]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">C–E.</emphasis>
|
||
Non-terminal polyps with eggs in bulbous base under a light microscope and SEM, respectively.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFA69C4E0B08EA6C761EF8B7" bold="true" box="[515,534,1860,1884]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">F.</emphasis>
|
||
A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 10 cm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFA69C4E0D01EA6C7013F8B7" bold="true" box="[1034,1051,1860,1884]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">B</emphasis>
|
||
); 1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFA69C4E0D71EA6C70A2F8B7" bold="true" box="[1146,1194,1860,1884]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">C–E</emphasis>
|
||
); 200 μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFA69C4E0C17EA6C7123F8B7" bold="true" box="[1308,1323,1860,1884]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">F</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5E6612FFA79C4F099CEB6F7106F94C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203555" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8203555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203555/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" startId="81.[151,250,1607,1631]" targetBox="[151,1435,202,1573]" targetPageId="81" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFA79C4F099CEB6F7106F94C" blockId="81.[151,1436,1607,1704]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFA79C4F099CEB6F7529F9B4" bold="true" box="[151,289,1607,1631]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">FIGURE 51.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFA79C4F08AFEB6F77A0F9B4" authority="(Wright & Studer, 1889)" authorityName=": Versluys" authorityYear="1902" baseAuthorityName="Wright & Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[420,936,1607,1631]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acanthella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFA79C4F08AFEB6F76AAF9B4" box="[420,674,1607,1631]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Chrysogorgia acanthella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFA79C4F0BBAEB6F77A9F9B4" author="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T." box="[689,929,1607,1631]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref39756" refString="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 31 (64), 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright & Studer, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen MBM286357.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFA79C4F0DB8EB6F70C4F9B4" bold="true" box="[1203,1228,1607,1631]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites in tentacle rachis.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFA79C4F09E8EB4374F1F968" bold="true" box="[227,249,1643,1667]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites in polyp body wall.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFA79C4F0B3DEB437647F968" bold="true" box="[566,591,1643,1667]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites in coenenchyme.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFA79C4F0A65EB43778EF968" bold="true" box="[878,902,1643,1667]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Some warty sclerites in polyp mouth area near the tentacles.
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFA79C4F09F7EBA7751BF94C" bold="true" box="[252,275,1679,1703]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites in pinnules. Scale bars: 300 μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFA79C4F0BCEEBA776FEF94C" bold="true" box="[709,758,1679,1703]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">A–C</emphasis>
|
||
in the same scale); 100 μm (
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFA79C4F0D10EBA77025F94C" bold="true" box="[1051,1069,1679,1703]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFA79C4F0D31EBA77043F94C" bold="true" box="[1082,1099,1679,1703]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">E</emphasis>
|
||
in the same scale).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFA79C4F09CCEBFD7112F823" blockId="81.[151,1437,1749,2028]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Scales in aboral face of tentacle rachis usually alternately arranged in two rows with irregular shape, nearly smooth and a little curved with one or two ends became broad, some of them with sparse fine warts, measuring 50– 387 × 11–147 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFA79C4F0866EA3575DEF8D3" box="[365,470,1821,1848]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-17@79.[155,1432,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 49. The sclerites of Chrysogorgia acanthella (Wright & Studer, 1889), specimen MBM286862. A. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. B. Sclerites in polyp body wall. C. Sclerites in pinnules. D. Sclerites in coenenchyme. E. Sclerites at the base of tentacular part. F. Sclerites in polyp mouth area. Scale bars: 300 μm (A–E in the same scale); 50 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203548/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 49A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scales in pinnules longitudinally arranged, slender and a little curved, nearly smooth or with sparse fine warts, some of them with one end became broad and the other end narrow or sharp, measuring 61–253 × 7–107 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFA79C4F088EEA4D75E4F86B" box="[389,492,1893,1920]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-17@79.[155,1432,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 49. The sclerites of Chrysogorgia acanthella (Wright & Studer, 1889), specimen MBM286862. A. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. B. Sclerites in polyp body wall. C. Sclerites in pinnules. D. Sclerites in coenenchyme. E. Sclerites at the base of tentacular part. F. Sclerites in polyp mouth area. Scale bars: 300 μm (A–E in the same scale); 50 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203548/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 49C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scales at the base of tentacular part obliquely or transversely arranged, elongate and nearly smooth with irregular shape, usually with an obvious medial contraction, some of them with finely toothed edge surface and one end truncated and the other rounded, measuring 87–333 × 27–153 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFA79C4F0DA3EA857106F823" box="[1192,1294,1965,1992]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-17@79.[155,1432,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 49. The sclerites of Chrysogorgia acanthella (Wright & Studer, 1889), specimen MBM286862. A. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. B. Sclerites in polyp body wall. C. Sclerites in pinnules. D. Sclerites in coenenchyme. E. Sclerites at the base of tentacular part. F. Sclerites in polyp mouth area. Scale bars: 300 μm (A–E in the same scale); 50 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203548/files/figure.png" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 49E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFA79C4C09CCEAF97573FE8E" blockId="81.[151,1437,1749,2028]" lastBlockId="82.[151,1437,151,897]" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Scales in basal part of polyp body wall obliquely or transversely arranged, elongate and nearly smooth with an obvious medial contraction, relatively regular with biscuit-like shape, occasionally with lobed and finely toothed edges, measuring 84–513 × 23–229 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFA49C4C0B65ED9376DFFF3E" box="[622,727,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-17@79.[155,1432,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 49. The sclerites of Chrysogorgia acanthella (Wright & Studer, 1889), specimen MBM286862. A. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. B. Sclerites in polyp body wall. C. Sclerites in pinnules. D. Sclerites in coenenchyme. E. Sclerites at the base of tentacular part. F. Sclerites in polyp mouth area. Scale bars: 300 μm (A–E in the same scale); 50 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203548/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 49B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scales in coenenchyme arranged along to the branch, small, a little elongate and smooth with a slight medial contraction, occasionally lobed with irregular shape, measuring 67–297 × 20–83 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFA49C4C088CEC2B75FAFEF6" box="[391,498,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,270,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-71@78.[154,1434,270,1814]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 48.The external morphology andpolyps of Chrysogorgia acanthella (Wright & Studer,1889), specimen MBM286862. A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C, D. Single non-terminal polyps under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. E. A single terminal polyps under SEM. F. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C–E); 300 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203544/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figs. 48F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFA49C4C08F6EC2B763AFEF6" box="[509,562,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-17@79.[155,1432,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 49. The sclerites of Chrysogorgia acanthella (Wright & Studer, 1889), specimen MBM286862. A. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. B. Sclerites in polyp body wall. C. Sclerites in pinnules. D. Sclerites in coenenchyme. E. Sclerites at the base of tentacular part. F. Sclerites in polyp mouth area. Scale bars: 300 μm (A–E in the same scale); 50 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203548/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">49D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rods and plates or scales in polyp mouth area small and thick, nearly smooth or coarse with deep cracks or sparse warts on surface, some of them with a medial contraction, measuring 24–83 × 4–28 μm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFA49C4C0801EC637566FE8E" box="[266,366,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-17@79.[155,1432,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 49. The sclerites of Chrysogorgia acanthella (Wright & Studer, 1889), specimen MBM286862. A. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. B. Sclerites in polyp body wall. C. Sclerites in pinnules. D. Sclerites in coenenchyme. E. Sclerites at the base of tentacular part. F. Sclerites in polyp mouth area. Scale bars: 300 μm (A–E in the same scale); 50 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203548/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 49F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFA49C4C09CCEC47717CFDF2" blockId="82.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
Specimen of MBM286357 bushy with possible 1/3L branching sequence on the basal part and became more irregular on the upper part. Polyps on branch internodes pitcher-shaped, usually with eight inconspicuous tentacles gathering on the top (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFA49C4C0887EC9F761BFE3A" box="[396,531,438,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1788,1812]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,181,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-20@80.[154,1434,181,1764]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 50.The external morphology andpolyps of Chrysogorgia acanthella (Wright & Studer,1889), specimen MBM286357. A, B. The same specimen in situ and after collection. C–E. Non-terminal polyps with eggs in bulbous base under a light microscope and SEM, respectively. F. A part of branch under SEM. Scale bars: 10 cm (B); 1 mm (C–E); 200 μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203550" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203550/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 50C–E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Polyps in stem internodes small and arranged average three in each internode. Spindles and scales in polyp mouth area near the tentacles thick with many coarse warts on surface, some of them curved and with irregular edges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131A2A1FFFA49C4C0B02ECD7767AFDF2" box="[521,626,510,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="81.[151,250,1607,1631]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,202,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-17@81.[151,1435,202,1573]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURE 51. Sclerites of Chrysogorgia acanthella (Wright & Studer, 1889), specimen MBM286357. A. Sclerites in tentacle rachis. B. Sclerites in polyp body wall. C. Sclerites in coenenchyme. D. Some warty sclerites in polyp mouth area near the tentacles. E. Sclerites in pinnules. Scale bars: 300 μm (A–C in the same scale); 100 μm (D, E in the same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8203555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8203555/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 51D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The morphological measurements of MBM286357 see the
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A30321FFA49C4C0C11ECD77166FDF2" box="[1306,1390,511,537]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="13.[118,201,473,497]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 3. Interspecific and intraspecific distances at 28S of Parachrysogorgia and Chrysogorgia species (in %)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5E6612FFFB9C13097DECF170BBFE1B" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" tableUuid="DF5E6612FFFB9C13097DECF170BBFE1B">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFA49C4C09CCEF0A754CFD6E" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFA49C4C09CCEF0A754CFD6E" blockId="82.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFA49C4C09CCEF0A75FDFDD7" bold="true" box="[199,501,546,573]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
North of the Kermadec Islands,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFA49C4C0A66EF0B77CBFDD6" box="[877,963,547,573]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.097" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="1097.0">1097 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFA49C4C0AD8EF0B70D0FDD6" author="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T." box="[979,1240,547,573]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref39756" refString="Wright, E. P. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 31 (64), 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1889">Wright & Studer 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Marcus-Necker Ridge,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFA49C4C09E2EF6F758CFD8A" box="[233,388,583,609]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="2000.0" valueMax="2300.0" valueMin="1700.0">1700–2300 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB04B6BFFA49C4C0898EF6F764DFD8A" author="Pasternak, F. A." box="[403,581,583,609]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="40 - 56" refId="ref39103" refString="Pasternak, F. A. (1981) Alcyonacea and Gorgonacea. In: Benthos of the Submarine Mountains of the Marcus-Necker and adjacent Pacific Regions. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, 1981, pp. 40 - 56." type="journal article" year="1981">Pasternak 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); a seamount near the Mariana Trench,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFA49C4C0D08EF6E7054FD8A" box="[1027,1116,582,609]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.458" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="1458.0">1458 m</quantity>
|
||
; a seamount on the Caroline Ridge,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFA49C4C09E3EF437548FD6E" box="[232,320,619,645]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.478" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="1478.0">1478 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33B6511FFA49C4C09CCEFA77626FC6A" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9E369AFFA49C4C09CCEFA77626FC6A" blockId="82.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFA49C4C09CCEFA77533FD42" bold="true" box="[199,315,655,681]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Our specimens MBM286862 and MBM286357 differ from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549A8838FFA49C4C0AF5EFA77068FD42" box="[1022,1120,655,681]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
by more irregular branching sequence (2/5L, 3/7L and irregular in top vs. possible 1/3L and irregular in top vs. 2/5L), longer interbranch distance (
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFA49C4C09ABEFFF7504FD1A" box="[160,268,727,753]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="3.0">3–19 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFA49C4C0831EFFE75BBFD1A" box="[314,435,726,753]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="12.0">12–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD99B7FFFA49C4C08EAEFFE7633FD1A" box="[481,571,726,753]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
). These differences may be caused by different growth stage or environment, and are not constant, we treat as the intraspecific variation. Therefore, the characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C214D19FFA49C4C0DA2EFD3714CFCFE" authorityName=": Versluys" authorityYear="1902" baseAuthorityName="Wright & Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1193,1348,763,789]" class="Anthozoa" family="Chrysogorgiidae" genus="Chrysogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acanthella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B955EA88FFA49C4C0DA2EFD3714CFCFE" box="[1193,1348,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">C. acanthella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be summarized by having a bushy bottlebrush-shaped colony, usually pitcher-like polyps, irregular scales with one or two ends broad in tentacle rachis, biscuit-like scales in basal part of polyp body wall, elongate scales with a slight medial contraction in coenenchyme.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |