293 lines
41 KiB
XML
293 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="A3A7530DC361B1D5CAE6A153772C3431" ID-CLB-Dataset="32399" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad746972-3837-4f1d-bf97-c09e5d7f1bd5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="843325" ID-ZooBank="EFE86EDD-D170-4D97-87D9-3125400713EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1502790552672" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles" docDate="2017" docId="03FE87F0FF8EFFF6FF57FDFDFB7FFD7F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4296.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4296 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Parechinus angulosus" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="FFC7FF88FFA7FFDCFFC0FF97FFC9FFF3" masterDocTitle="Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1698466659567" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="FDE2C1CB72DE58A9A6C7E630D34B1577">Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C5A336ECE35F2692AA1EB4191CBF61E1">Filander, Zoleka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DB0F3EDCDCEAB06169EFE81AC8D24AAF">Griffiths, Charles</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3AD09C3BE5462498C6095612B8F16CEA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B7A374E72BDD5F5C6660362E324A366F">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03FE87F0FF8EFFF6FF57FDFDFB7FFD7F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6022737" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132650426" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6022737" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FF8EFFF6FF57FDFDFB7FFD7F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87F0FF8EFFF6FF57FDFDFB7FFD7F" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8EFFF5FF57FDFDFEE3FD56" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8EFFF5FF57FDFDFD98FD77" blockId="41.[151,593,618,677]" box="[151,593,618,644]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<heading id="D0A0818AFF8EFFF5FF57FDFDFD98FD77" bold="true" box="[151,593,618,644]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8EFFF5FF57FDFDFD98FD77" ID-CoL="4DK94" authority="(Leske, 1778)" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[151,593,618,644]" class="Echinoidea" family="Parechinidae" genus="Parechinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="angulosus">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8EFFF5FF57FDFDFD98FD77" bold="true" box="[151,593,618,644]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8EFFF5FF57FDFDFE6CFD77" bold="true" box="[151,421,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Parechinus angulosus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8EFFF5FE74FDFDFD80FD77" author="Leske" box="[436,585,618,644]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Leske, N. G. (1778) Jacobi Theodori Klein naturalis disposition echinodermatum..., edita et Identificationibus novisque inventis et synonomis auctorem aucta. Addimenta ad I. T. Klein naturalem dispositionem Echinodermatum. G. E. Beer, Leipzig, 278 pp." type="book" year="1778">Leske, 1778</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8EFFF5FF57FD1BFEE3FD56" blockId="41.[151,593,618,677]" box="[151,298,652,677]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8EFFF5FF57FD1BFF2FFD56" box="[151,230,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1658,1680]" captionTargetBox="[352,1247,1039,1636]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[340,1247,1039,1636]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 45. Parechinus angulosus A. Map showing distribution. B. Live specimen (Western Cape). C. Denuded test (Western Cape)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843417/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
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A–C.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8EFFF5FF57FD45FE42FC2E" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8EFFF5FF57FD45FAE9FD1B" blockId="41.[151,1437,722,989]" box="[151,1312,722,744]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF8EFFF5FF57FD45FAE9FD1B" box="[151,1312,722,744]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8EFFF5FF57FD45FD8FFD1B" authority=": A. Agassiz, 1881: 115" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityPageNumber="115" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,582,722,744]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Echinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="angulosus">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8EFFF5FF57FD45FE9CFD1B" box="[151,341,722,744]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Echinus angulosus</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8EFFF5FEA2FD45FD8FFD1B" author="Agassiz" box="[354,582,722,744]" page="115" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1881">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8EFFF5FEA2FD45FDDDFD1B" author="Agassiz" box="[354,532,722,744]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Agassiz, A. (1881) Report on the Echinoidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. In: Report of the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76: a summary of the scientific results, Zoology, 3, 1 - 321." type="journal article" year="1881">A. Agassiz, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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: 115
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8EFFF5FD90FD45FCC9FD1B" author="Agassiz" box="[592,768,722,744]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Agassiz, A. (1872) Revision of the Echini. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 3, 1 - 378." type="journal article" year="1872">
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A. Agassiz,
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<date id="FFE91026FF8EFFF5FD0CFD45FCC9FD1B" box="[716,768,722,744]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="1872" valueMax="1874">1872</date>
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</bibRefCitation>
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–1874: 22, 489. Pl. VII,
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8EFFF5FC35FD45FBF8FD1B" box="[1013,1073,722,744]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionTargetBox="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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a;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8EFFF5FB89FD45FB2EFD1B" author="Bell" box="[1097,1255,722,744]" page="169" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1904">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8EFFF5FB89FD45FB7FFD1B" author="Bell" box="[1097,1206,722,744]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Bell, F. J. (1904) The Echinodermata found off the coast of South Africa. I. Echinoidea. Marine Investigations in South Africa, 3, 167 - 175." type="journal article" year="1904">Bell, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 169
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
–170.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8EFFF5FF57FD67FE09FCF5" blockId="41.[151,1437,722,989]" box="[151,448,752,774]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF8EFFF5FF57FD67FE09FCF5" box="[151,448,752,774]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8EFFF5FF57FD67FF20FCF5" ID-CoL="7NY34" box="[151,233,752,774]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinidae" genus="Echinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8EFFF5FF57FD67FF20FCF5" box="[151,233,752,774]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Echinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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juv:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8EFFF5FEDCFD67FE75FCF5" author="Bell" box="[284,444,752,774]" page="171" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1904">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8EFFF5FEDCFD67FE40FCF5" author="Bell" box="[284,393,752,774]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Bell, F. J. (1904) The Echinodermata found off the coast of South Africa. I. Echinoidea. Marine Investigations in South Africa, 3, 167 - 175." type="journal article" year="1904">Bell, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 171
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8EFFF5FF57FC87FEAEFCB7" blockId="41.[151,1437,722,989]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF8EFFF5FF57FC87FEAEFCB7" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8EFFF5FF57FC87FD4CFCD6" ID-CoL="4N4ST" authority=": Doderlein, 1906: 204" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityPageNumber="204" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,645,783,805]" class="Echinoidea" family="Parechinidae" genus="Protocentrotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="angulosus">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8EFFF5FF57FC87FE52FCD6" box="[151,411,783,805]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Protocentrotus angulosus</emphasis>
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||
:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8EFFF5FE6AFC98FD4CFCD6" author="Doderlein" box="[426,645,783,805]" page="204" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1906">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8EFFF5FE6AFC98FD9AFCD6" author="Doderlein" box="[426,595,783,805]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Doderlein, L. (1906) Die Echinoiden der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee- Expedition, 5, 61 - 290." type="journal article" year="1906">Döderlein, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 204
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
–207. Pl. XXVII,
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8EFFF5FCFDFC98FC50FCD6" box="[829,921,783,805]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="12.[151,250,883,905]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,250,524,546]" captionStartId-2="13.[151,250,1454,1476]" captionTargetBox-0="[366,1244,195,858]" captionTargetBox-1="[366,1246,193,502]" captionTargetBox-2="[366,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetId-0="figure@12.[340,1247,193,861]" captionTargetId-1="figure@13.[340,1247,193,502]" captionTargetId-2="figure@13.[340,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Kionocidaris striata (MBC-A 022213): A. Map showing distribution. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Phyllacanthus imperialis (SAMC-A 23447): A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843337/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843339/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843341/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Figs 6–8</figureCitation>
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||
. Pl. XXXV,
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8EFFF5FBDBFC98FBAFFCD6" box="[1051,1126,783,805]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1270,1292]" captionTargetBox="[360,1246,703,1247]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[340,1247,702,1249]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 16. Prionocidaris pistillaris. A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of adult preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23724). C. Side view of juvenile preserved specimen (MBC-A 077755)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843359/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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||
. Pl. XLVII,
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||
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8EFFF5FB25FC98FAEDFCD6" box="[1253,1316,783,805]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,883,905]" captionTargetBox="[366,1244,195,858]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[340,1247,193,861]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843337/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8EFFF5FAF0FC98FEF9FCB7" author="Doderlein" page="247" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1910">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8EFFF5FAF0FC98FF34FCB7" author="Doderlein" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Doderlein, L. (1910) Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea. In: Schultze, L. (Ed.), Zoologische und Anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Sudafrika ausgefuhrt 1903 - 1905 (Jenaer Denkschrift 16), 4 (1), pp. 246 - 258." type="journal article" year="1910">Döderlein, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 247
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 258.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8EFFF5FF57FCD9FD4AFC91" blockId="41.[151,1437,722,989]" box="[151,643,844,867]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF8EFFF5FF57FCD9FD4AFC91" box="[151,643,844,867]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8EFFF5FF57FCD9FDB6FC91" ID-CoL="77YT2" authority=": Doderlein, 1910: 248" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityPageNumber="248" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,639,844,867]" class="Echinoidea" family="Parechinidae" genus="Protocentrotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="annulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8EFFF5FF57FCD9FE5EFC91" box="[151,407,844,867]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Protocentrotus annulatus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8EFFF5FE64FCDBFDB6FC91" author="Doderlein" box="[420,639,844,866]" page="248" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1910">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8EFFF5FE64FCDBFD84FC91" author="Doderlein" box="[420,589,844,866]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Doderlein, L. (1910) Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea. In: Schultze, L. (Ed.), Zoologische und Anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Sudafrika ausgefuhrt 1903 - 1905 (Jenaer Denkschrift 16), 4 (1), pp. 246 - 258." type="journal article" year="1910">Döderlein, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 248
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8EFFF5FF57FCFCFD1DFC72" blockId="41.[151,1437,722,989]" box="[151,724,875,897]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF8EFFF5FF57FCFCFD1DFC72" box="[151,724,875,897]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8EFFF5FF57FCFCFD19FC72" ID-CoL="7KHZ5" authority=": H. L. Clark, 1924: 9" authorityName="H.L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,720,875,897]" class="Echinoidea" family="Parechinidae" genus="Parechinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="angulosus" variety="pallidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8EFFF5FF57FCFCFEBFFC72" box="[151,374,875,897]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Parechinus angulosus</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8EFFF5FE68FCFCFE33FC72" box="[424,506,875,897]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">pallidus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8EFFF5FDC7FCFBFD19FC72" author="Clark" box="[519,720,875,897]" page="9" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1924">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8EFFF5FDC7FCFBFD7EFC72" author="Clark" box="[519,695,875,897]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Clark, H. L. (1924) Echinoderms from the South African Fisheries and Marine Biology Survey. Part I. Sea-Urchins (Echinoidea). Report, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 4 (1), 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1924">H.L. Clark, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 9
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8EFFF5FF57FC1DFE42FC2E" blockId="41.[151,1437,722,989]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF8EFFF5FF57FC1DFE42FC2E" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8EFFF5FF57FC1DFDA1FC53" ID-CoL="4DK94" authority=": H. L. Clark, 1923: 385" authorityName=": H. L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="385" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,616,906,928]" class="Echinoidea" family="Parechinidae" genus="Parechinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="angulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8EFFF5FF57FC1DFEBFFC53" box="[151,374,906,928]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Parechinus angulosus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8EFFF5FE45FC1CFDA1FC53" author="Clark" box="[389,616,906,928]" page="385" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1923">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8EFFF5FE45FC1CFDFFFC53" author="Clark" box="[389,566,906,928]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Clark, H. L. (1923) The echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 13 (7), 221 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">H.L. Clark, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 385
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–386;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8EFFF5FD67FC1CFC5FFC53" author="Clark" box="[679,918,906,928]" page="117" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1925">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8EFFF5FD67FC1CFCADFC53" author="Clark" box="[679,868,906,928]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925 a) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925" yearSuffix="a">H.L. Clark, 1925a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 117
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8EFFF5FC61FC1CFB4BFC53" author="Mortensen" box="[929,1154,906,928]" page="148" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1943">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8EFFF5FC61FC1CFB9BFC53" author="Mortensen" box="[929,1106,906,928]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a). A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 2. Camarodonta. I. Orthopsidae, Glyphocyphidae, Temnopleuridae and Toxopneustidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 553 pp." type="book" year="1943">Mortensen, 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 148
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–156. Pl. XVIII,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8EFFF5FAF0FC1DFA51FC53" box="[1328,1432,906,928]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStart-10="FIGURE 18" captionStart-11="FIGURE 19" captionStart-2="FIGURE 10" captionStart-3="FIGURE 11" captionStart-4="FIGURE 12" captionStart-5="FIGURE 13" captionStart-6="FIGURE 14" captionStart-7="FIGURE 15" captionStart-8="FIGURE 16" captionStart-9="FIGURE 17" captionStartId-0="13.[151,250,1454,1476]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,250,1389,1411]" captionStartId-10="21.[151,250,1086,1108]" captionStartId-11="22.[151,250,872,894]" captionStartId-2="15.[151,250,846,868]" captionStartId-3="15.[151,250,1808,1830]" captionStartId-4="16.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionStartId-5="17.[151,250,1183,1205]" captionStartId-6="18.[151,250,603,625]" captionStartId-7="18.[151,250,1666,1688]" captionStartId-8="19.[151,250,1270,1292]" captionStartId-9="20.[151,250,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox-0="[366,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetBox-1="[369,1244,719,1364]" captionTargetBox-10="[369,1244,452,1064]" captionTargetBox-11="[368,1244,196,848]" captionTargetBox-2="[368,1245,198,821]" captionTargetBox-3="[369,1245,1218,1785]" captionTargetBox-4="[383,1235,1111,1734]" captionTargetBox-5="[346,1245,592,1158]" captionTargetBox-6="[369,1246,196,580]" captionTargetBox-7="[367,1244,1005,1643]" captionTargetBox-8="[360,1246,703,1247]" captionTargetBox-9="[350,1259,690,1334]" captionTargetId-0="figure@13.[340,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetId-1="figure@14.[340,1247,717,1368]" captionTargetId-10="figure@21.[340,1247,451,1065]" captionTargetId-11="figure@22.[340,1247,195,851]" captionTargetId-2="figure@15.[340,1247,195,824]" captionTargetId-3="figure@15.[340,1247,1217,1787]" captionTargetId-4="figure@16.[358,1236,1109,1736]" captionTargetId-5="figure@17.[340,1247,591,1161]" captionTargetId-6="figure@18.[340,1247,195,581]" captionTargetId-7="figure@18.[340,1247,1004,1645]" captionTargetId-8="figure@19.[340,1247,702,1249]" captionTargetId-9="figure@20.[324,1262,687,1336]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-10="21" captionTargetPageId-11="22" captionTargetPageId-2="15" captionTargetPageId-3="15" captionTargetPageId-4="16" captionTargetPageId-5="17" captionTargetPageId-6="18" captionTargetPageId-7="18" captionTargetPageId-8="19" captionTargetPageId-9="20" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. Phyllacanthus imperialis (SAMC-A 23447): A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Goniocidaris (Goniocidaris) indica: A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23089). C. Side view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28235)." captionText-10="FIGURE 18. Araeosoma paucispinum (SAMC- A 222221). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." captionText-11="FIGURE 19. Hygrosoma petersii (SAMC-A 22219). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." captionText-2="FIGURE 10. Stereocidaris alcocki (SAMC-A 28229): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view (close-up) of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-3="FIGURE 11. Stereocidaris capensis (MB-A 077743): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-4="FIGURE 12. Stereocidaris excavata (SAMC-A 23320). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-5="FIGURE 13. Stereocidaris squamosa (MBC-A 077750). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-6="FIGURE 14. Acanthocidaris maculicollis (SAMC- A 28233). A. Map showing distribution. B. Spine close-up view of preserved specimen." captionText-7="FIGURE 15. Plococdaris verticillata (SAMC-A 28236). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-8="FIGURE 16. Prionocidaris pistillaris. A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of adult preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23724). C. Side view of juvenile preserved specimen (MBC-A 077755)." captionText-9="FIGURE 17. Stylocidaris cingulata. A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen (MBC-A 074000). C. Apical system of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28217)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843341/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843345/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/843363/files/figure.png" httpUri-11="https://zenodo.org/record/843365/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843347/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843349/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/843351/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/843353/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/843355/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/843357/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/843359/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/843361/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Figs 8–19</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8EFFF5FF07FC3FFF2AFC4D" box="[199,227,936,958]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1517,1539]" captionTargetBox="[372,1246,833,1492]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[340,1247,832,1495]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 22. Phormosoma busarium (SAMC-A 22621). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843371/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">22</figureCitation>
|
||
. Pl. LVIII,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8EFFF5FE92FC3FFE0FFC4D" box="[338,454,936,958]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 20" captionStart-1="FIGURE 21" captionStartId-0="22.[151,250,1901,1923]" captionStartId-1="23.[151,250,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox-0="[373,1244,1191,1877]" captionTargetBox-1="[366,1244,1030,1673]" captionTargetId-0="figure@22.[340,1247,1188,1880]" captionTargetId-1="figure@23.[340,1247,1028,1676]" captionTargetPageId-0="22" captionTargetPageId-1="23" captionText-0="FIGURE 20. Sperosoma biseriatum A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2010). C. Oral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2010)." captionText-1="FIGURE 21. Tromikosoma uranus (SAMC-A 22122). A. Map showing distribution. B. view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843367/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843369/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Figs 20–21</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8EFFF5FE0FFC3FFDD8FC4D" box="[463,529,936,958]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 26" captionStart-1="FIGURE 27" captionStart-2="FIGURE 28" captionStart-3="FIGURE 29" captionStart-4="FIGURE 30" captionStart-5="FIGURE 31" captionStart-6="FIGURE 32" captionStartId-0="27.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionStartId-1="28.[151,250,1023,1045]" captionStartId-2="28.[151,250,1801,1823]" captionStartId-3="29.[151,250,1770,1792]" captionStartId-4="30.[151,250,1206,1228]" captionStartId-5="31.[151,250,815,837]" captionStartId-6="31.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox-0="[366,1244,1332,1954]" captionTargetBox-1="[376,1247,690,1001]" captionTargetBox-2="[377,1247,1429,1777]" captionTargetBox-3="[376,1246,1158,1747]" captionTargetBox-4="[382,1247,836,1184]" captionTargetBox-5="[366,1244,196,789]" captionTargetBox-6="[369,1244,1204,1877]" captionTargetId-0="figure@27.[340,1247,1329,1957]" captionTargetId-1="figure@28.[340,1247,690,1002]" captionTargetId-2="figure@28.[340,1247,1429,1779]" captionTargetId-3="figure@29.[340,1247,1156,1749]" captionTargetId-4="figure@30.[340,1247,836,1184]" captionTargetId-5="figure@31.[340,1247,193,793]" captionTargetId-6="figure@31.[340,1247,1201,1881]" captionTargetPageId-0="27" captionTargetPageId-1="28" captionTargetPageId-2="28" captionTargetPageId-3="29" captionTargetPageId-4="30" captionTargetPageId-5="31" captionTargetPageId-6="31" captionText-0="FIGURE 26. Chaetodiadema africanum. A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of adult preserved specimen (MBC- 077779). C. Aboral view of juvenile preserved specimen (SAMC-A 23717)." captionText-1="FIGURE 27. Diadema savignyi A. Map showing distribution. B. Live specimen (KwaZulu-Natal)." captionText-2="FIGURE 28. Diadema setosum A. Map showing distribution. B. Live juvenile specimen (KwaZulu-Natal)." captionText-3="FIGURE 29. Echinothrix calamaris. A. Map showing distribution. B. Live specimen (KwaZulu-Natal). C. Aboral view of preserved specimen (MBC- 077783)." captionText-4="FIGURE 30. Caenopedina capensis (MBC-A 022218). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen." captionText-5="FIGURE 31. Bathysalenia phoinissa (MBC- 077789). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-6="FIGURE 32. Stomopneustes variolaris A. Map showing distribution. B. Live specimen (KwaZulu-Natal). C. Aboral view of preserved specimen (MBC-A 077790)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843379/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843381/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843383/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843385/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/843387/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/843389/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/843391/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">26–32</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8EFFF5FDDBFC3FFC47FC4D" author="Clark" box="[539,910,936,958]" page="237" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1976">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8EFFF5FDDBFC3FFC95FC4D" author="Clark" box="[539,860,936,958]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Clark, A. & Courtman-Stock, J. (1976) The Echinoderms of Southern Africa. Publication no. 766. British Museum of Natural History, London, 277 pp." type="book" year="1976">Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 237
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8EFFF5FC58FC3FFB45FC4D" author="Branch" box="[920,1164,936,959]" page="234" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8EFFF5FC58FC3FFB95FC4D" author="Branch" box="[920,1116,936,959]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Branch, G. M., Griffiths, C. L., Branch, M. L. & Beckley, L. (2010) Two Oceans: a Guide to the Marine Life of southern Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 456 pp." type="book" year="2010">
|
||
Branch
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8EFFF5FC27FC3DFBDAFC4D" box="[999,1043,936,959]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 234
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 105.6;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8EFFF5FACAFC3FFF26FC2E" author="Schultz" page="196" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8EFFF5FACAFC3FFA50FC4D" author="Schultz" box="[1290,1433,936,958]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 196
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, Figs 364–369.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF28666EFF8EFFF5FF57F9EDFF10F95C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843417/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" targetBox="[352,1247,1039,1636]" targetPageId="41">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8EFFF5FF57F9EDFF10F95C" blockId="41.[151,1435,1658,1711]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8EFFF5FF57F9EDFED6F963" bold="true" box="[151,287,1658,1680]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">FIGURE 45.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8EFFF5FEE4F9EDFDCDF963" authorityName=": H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1923" box="[292,516,1658,1680]" class="Echinoidea" family="Parechinidae" genus="Parechinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="angulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8EFFF5FEE4F9EDFDCDF963" box="[292,516,1658,1680]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Parechinus angulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8EFFF5FDC9F9EDFDD2F963" bold="true" box="[521,539,1658,1680]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Map showing distribution.
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8EFFF5FCF8F9EDFC80F963" bold="true" box="[824,841,1658,1680]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Live specimen (Western Cape).
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8EFFF5FB58F9EDFB63F963" bold="true" box="[1176,1194,1658,1680]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Denuded test (Western Cape).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8EFFF6FF57F94CFD6AFE78" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8EFFF6FF57F94CFDFDFF0B" blockId="41.[151,1436,1755,2032]" lastBlockId="42.[151,1437,151,652]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8EFFF5FF57F94CFE46F907" bold="true" box="[151,399,1755,1780]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
MBC-A077856; A23713; SAMC-A23419; MBC-A077843; MBC-A077862; MBC- A077865; MBC-A077854; MBC-A077861; MBC-A077845; MBC-A077866; MBC-A077875; MBC-A077868; MBC-A077852; MBC-A077851; MBC-A077858; MBC-A077857; A47969; MBC-A077996; MBC-A077863; MBC-A077853; MBC-A077864; MBC-A
|
||
<date id="FFE91026FF8EFFF5FD49F8D0FD16F8AC" box="[649,735,1863,1887]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="22-02-22">022222</date>
|
||
; MBC-A
|
||
<date id="FFE91026FF8EFFF5FC94F8D0FC60F8AC" box="[852,937,1863,1887]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="23-02-22">022223</date>
|
||
; MBC-A
|
||
<date id="FFE91026FF8EFFF5FBDDF8D0FBBAF8AC" box="[1053,1139,1863,1887]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="24-02-22">022224</date>
|
||
; MBC-A
|
||
<date id="FFE91026FF8EFFF5FB28F8D0FAF7F893" box="[1256,1342,1863,1888]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="25-02-22">022225</date>
|
||
; MBC- A
|
||
<date id="FFE91026FF8EFFF5FF6BF8FCFECBF877" box="[171,258,1899,1924]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="26-02-22">022226</date>
|
||
; MBC-A
|
||
<date id="FFE91026FF8EFFF5FEB1F8FBFE0EF877" box="[369,455,1900,1924]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="27-02-22">022227</date>
|
||
; MBC-A
|
||
<date id="FFE91026FF8EFFF5FDF4F8FBFD43F877" box="[564,650,1900,1924]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="28-02-22">022228</date>
|
||
; MBC-A
|
||
<date id="FFE91026FF8EFFF5FD38F8FCFC87F877" box="[760,846,1899,1924]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="57-02-22">022257</date>
|
||
; MBC-A
|
||
<date id="FFE91026FF8EFFF5FC7BF8FBFBD8F877" box="[955,1041,1900,1924]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="97-02-22">022297</date>
|
||
; MBC-A
|
||
<date id="FFE91026FF8EFFF5FBBFF8FCFB1CF877" box="[1151,1237,1899,1924]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="76-02-26">022676</date>
|
||
; MBC-A
|
||
<date id="FFE91026FF8EFFF5FA82F8FBFA51F877" box="[1346,1432,1900,1924]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="70-02-30">023070</date>
|
||
; MBC-A023315; MBC-A027729; MBC-A027730; MBC-A027731; MBC-A027732; MBC-A027733; MBC- A027954; MBC-A027965; MBC-A027966; MBC-A077859; MBC-A077860; MBC-A077855; MBC-A077855; MBC-A077869; MBC-A077825; MBC-A077824; MBC-A077867; MBC-A077873; MBC-A077844; MBC- A077842; A23069; MBC-A077846; MBC-A077847; MBC-A077848; MBC-A077849; MBC-A077850; SAMC- 9/4; MBC-A077870; MBC-A077871; MBC-A077872;
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9404AB05FF8DFFF6FCDCFF2BFC41FF26" box="[796,904,188,213]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A28052" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="EnaNcbi">A 28052</accessionNumber>
|
||
; A22964; MBC-A077874; A23079; A22737; A22736; A22735;
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9404AB05FF8DFFF6FEA9FF48FE0FFF0B" box="[361,454,223,248]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A22750" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="EnaNcbi">A22750</accessionNumber>
|
||
;
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9404AB05FF8DFFF6FE12FF77FDF9FF0B" box="[466,560,224,248]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A27728" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="EnaNcbi">A27728</accessionNumber>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8DFFF6FF07FE90FD6AFE78" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,652]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8DFFF6FF07FE90FEB9FED3" bold="true" box="[199,368,263,288]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Identification.</emphasis>
|
||
Moderately sized test, round to pentagonal outline. Primary spines slender, not longer than
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF8DFFF6FA40FE9FFF0FFEB0" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
; littoral species having more robust, short spines. Tube feet thick, long, densely arranged. Spines vary greatly in color, from green, dark purple with violet to intense red with white tips, occasionally uniformly red or white; test uniformly green, with brownish median zones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8DFFF6FF07FE0CFDCBFE0F" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8DFFF6FF07FE0CFC88FE40" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,652]" box="[199,833,411,436]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8DFFF6FF07FE0CFE1BFE47" bold="true" box="[199,466,411,436]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Global maximum size.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum test diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF8DFFF6FD2BFE0CFCF4FE40" box="[747,829,411,436]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8DFFF6FF07FE28FDCBFE0F" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,652]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8DFFF6FF07FE28FE7EFE2B" bold="true" box="[199,439,447,472]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Global distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Angola round the Cape, northward to Mozambique, in littoral zones to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF8DFFF6FAC9FE57FA9AFE24" box="[1289,1363,448,472]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="180.0">180 m</quantity>
|
||
depth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8DFFF6FF5EFE74FE9BFE0F" author="Doderlein" box="[158,338,483,508]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Doderlein, L. (1910) Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea. In: Schultze, L. (Ed.), Zoologische und Anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Sudafrika ausgefuhrt 1903 - 1905 (Jenaer Denkschrift 16), 4 (1), pp. 246 - 258." type="journal article" year="1910">Döderlein 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8DFFF6FE9EFE74FE3FFE0F" author="Schultz" box="[350,502,483,508]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8DFFF6FF07FD90FB7FFD7F" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8DFFF6FF07FD90FB7FFD7F" blockId="42.[151,1437,151,652]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8DFFF6FF07FD90FEF2FDD3" bold="true" box="[199,315,519,544]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Common throughout the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4993F804FF8DFFF6FDA1FD90FD6BFDD3" box="[609,674,519,544]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">South</collectingRegion>
|
||
African coastline and the dominant coastal echinoid in most areas. Extraordinary variety of color-morph is displayed within this species, some specimens are of uniform color and others have white-tipped spines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8DFFF6FDDFFDC7FD28FD9B" author="Mortensen" box="[543,737,592,616]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a). A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 2. Camarodonta. I. Orthopsidae, Glyphocyphidae, Temnopleuridae and Toxopneustidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 553 pp." type="book" year="1943">Mortensen 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8DFFF6FD32FDD8FC59FD9B" author="Schultz" box="[754,912,591,616]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Variation in adult and juvenile forms also reported, with juveniles having banded spines and a conspicuous suranal plate (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8DFFF6FBD0FDE4FB63FD7F" author="Schultz" box="[1040,1194,627,652]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |