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<document id="635DEB322D41DDE7CDD4F0B29C5C533E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3709.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c243c467-9461-4e50-9c8c-5f9bb81e4da8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="248830" ID-ZooBank="496843C1-1D75-4B55-BFF2-370ECBAC11BB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460672961053" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Yao, Zhiyuan &amp; Li, Shuqiang" docDate="2013" docId="03FE87D2FFB5FFF2FF27FCDF13010877" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03709p051.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3709 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Belisana gigantea Yao &amp; Li, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFC7FFAAFFBDFFFAFFB0FFC0105A0F3C" masterDocTitle="New and little known pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Laos" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698348839975" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="59D54C388335B9083AD48FE83E696380">New and little known pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae) from Laos</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="BFA05531AB190E33A06EAD2BFC9BB160">Yao, Zhiyuan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C428422663AD06323EA893EBB6C5B947">Li, Shuqiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="820B375AEFF64610E94F24B334772981">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DC3FE5D6EBA5D03AD82B34E09E50FEF5">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B46C5CF7384F8CE72EEFF76CD62AE52B">3709</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03FE87D2FFB5FFF2FF27FCDF13010877" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6158969" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119579512" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6158969" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87D2FFB5FFF2FF27FCDF13010877" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87D2FFB5FFF2FF27FCDF13010877" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection id="C34D654FFFB5FFF2FF27FCDF11780C67" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE836C4FFB5FFF2FF27FCDF118F0C06" blockId="8.[151,469,799,859]" box="[151,469,799,826]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0A081A8FFB5FFF2FF27FCDF118F0C06" bold="true" box="[151,469,799,826]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B923EAD6FFB5FFF2FF27FCDF118F0C06" bold="true" box="[151,469,799,826]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D47FFB5FFF2FF27FCDF112A0C05" ID-CoL="5WGX4" box="[151,368,799,825]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Belisana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B923EAD6FFB5FFF2FF27FCDF112A0C05" bold="true" box="[151,368,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Belisana gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21057ADFFB5FFF2FEC7FCE0118F0C06" box="[375,469,800,826]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836C4FFB5FFF2FF27FC8211780C67" blockId="8.[151,469,799,859]" box="[151,290,834,859]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<figureCitation id="136C2A41FFB5FFF2FF27FC8210A00C67" box="[151,250,834,859]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStart-2="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,1971,1993]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox-0="[200,1394,195,1951]" captionTargetBox-1="[199,1393,193,1948]" captionTargetBox-2="[203,1381,195,1928]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[200,1394,195,1951]" captionTargetId-1="figure@10.[199,1393,193,1949]" captionTargetId-2="figure@11.[201,1383,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. Belisana gigantea sp. nov., male holotype. A B. Pedipalpus (A. Prolateral view; B. Retrolateral view); C D. Distal part of procursus (C. Prolateral view; D. Retrolateral view)." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. Belisana gigantea sp. nov., male holotype (C E) and female paratype (A B, F G). A. Epigynum, ventral view; B. Vulva, dorsal view; C. Bulb, prolateral view; D. Chelicerae, frontal view; E G. Habitus (E F. Dorsal view; G. Ventral view)." captionText-2="FIGURE 9. Belisana gigantea sp. nov., male holotype (A C) and female paratype (D E). A B. Pedipalpus (A. Prolateral view; B. Retrolateral view); C. Chelicerae, frontal view; D. Epigynum, ventral view; E. Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.10." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/248837/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/248838/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/248839/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 79</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136C2A41FFB5FFF2FEB6FC8311780C67" box="[262,290,835,859]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,159,1766]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,159,1766]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 41. Known distribution of new species of Pholcidae from Laos. 1. Belisana champasakensis sp. nov.; 2. B. crystallina sp. nov.; 3. B. gigantea sp. nov.; 4. B. khanensis sp. nov.; 5. B. lancea sp. nov.; 6. B. martensi sp. nov.; 7. B. tadetuensis sp. nov.; 8. B. xiangensis sp. nov.; 9. Calapnita longa sp. nov.; 10. Khorata circularis sp. nov.; 11. K. dupla sp. nov.; 12. Pholcus arcuatilis sp. nov.; 13. P. sublaksao sp. nov.; 14. Spermophora falcata sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248871/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">41</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D654FFFB5FFF2FF27FC4A11450CD7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE836C4FFB5FFF2FF27FC4A11450CD7" blockId="8.[151,1437,906,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B923EAD6FFB5FFF2FF27FC4A119E0C9F" bold="true" box="[151,452,906,931]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<typeStatus id="54EC8866FFB5FFF2FF27FC4A10880C9F" box="[151,210,906,931]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
material.
<typeStatus id="54EC8866FFB5FFF2FEFDFC4A11E40C9F" box="[333,446,906,931]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Male (
<collectionCode id="ED46AE01FFB5FFF2FDA5FC4B12310C9F" box="[533,619,907,931]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">IZCAS</collectionCode>
), underside of leaves [
<geoCoordinate id="EE635003FFB5FFF2FCD9FC4A13A60C9F" box="[873,1020,906,931]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="1" value="15.193983">15°11.639N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE635003FFB5FFF2FBB8FC4A14FF0C9F" box="[1032,1189,906,931]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="1" value="106.1037">106°06.222E</geoCoordinate>
, alt.
<quantity id="4CAF9B21FFB5FFF2FB6CFC4B15720C9E" box="[1244,1320,907,931]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.09" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="909.0">909 m</quantity>
], Tad Etu,
<emphasis id="B923EAD6FFB5FFF2FF27FC6E117C0CFB" bold="true" box="[151,294,942,967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Champasak</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B923EAD6FFB5FFF2FE85FC6E11350CFB" bold="true" box="[309,367,942,967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<collectingCountry id="F3407654FFB5FFF2FE85FC6E11350CFB" box="[309,367,942,967]" name="Laos" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Laos</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFE91004FFB5FFF2FECDFC6F12000CFB" box="[381,602,942,967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2012-11-19">19 November 2012</date>
, leg. Z. Yao (Yao-LA 026028).
<emphasis id="B923EAD6FFB5FFF2FC61FC6E141D0CFB" bold="true" box="[977,1095,942,967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<typeStatus id="54EC8866FFB5FFF2FC61FC6E14180CFB" box="[977,1090,942,967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D51FD4DFFB5FFF2FBFFFC6F14EB0CFB" box="[1103,1201,942,967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED46AE01FFB5FFF2FB71FC6F154D0CFB" box="[1217,1303,943,967]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/crjh-4ne1" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">IZCAS</collectionCode>
), same data as
<typeStatus id="54EC8866FFB5FFF2FF05FC1211410CD7" box="[181,283,978,1003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D654FFFB5FFF2FF77FC36118A0B0F" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE836C4FFB5FFF2FF77FC36118A0B0F" blockId="8.[151,1437,906,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B923EAD6FFB5FFF2FF77FC3611140B33" bold="true" box="[199,334,1014,1039]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name is from Latin
<emphasis id="B923EAD6FFB5FFF2FD71FC3713740B32" box="[705,814,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">giganteus</emphasis>
(of giants, large), in reference to the large membranous flap of procursus; adjective.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D654FFFB5FFF2FF77FBFE13130B47" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE836C4FFB5FFF2FF77FBFE13130B47" blockId="8.[151,1437,906,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B923EAD6FFB5FFF2FF77FBFE111B0B6B" bold="true" box="[199,321,1086,1111]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The species can be easily distinguished from all known congeners by large membranous flap (
<figureCitation id="136C2A41FFB5FFF2FADAFBFE10FC0B46" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[200,1394,195,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[200,1394,195,1951]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Belisana gigantea sp. nov., male holotype. A B. Pedipalpus (A. Prolateral view; B. Retrolateral view); C D. Distal part of procursus (C. Prolateral view; D. Retrolateral view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248837/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 7</figureCitation>
B, D and 9B) and different shape of vulva (
<figureCitation id="136C2A41FFB5FFF2FD39FBA212950B47" box="[649,719,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[199,1393,193,1948]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[199,1393,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Belisana gigantea sp. nov., male holotype (C E) and female paratype (A B, F G). A. Epigynum, ventral view; B. Vulva, dorsal view; C. Bulb, prolateral view; D. Chelicerae, frontal view; E G. Habitus (E F. Dorsal view; G. Ventral view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248838/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 8</figureCitation>
B and 9E).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D654FFFB5FFF2FF77FB46125B081B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE836C4FFB5FFF2FF77FB4612B50973" blockId="8.[151,1437,906,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B923EAD6FFB5FFF2FF77FB46126C0BA3" bold="true" box="[199,566,1158,1183]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Description. Male (
<typeStatus id="54EC8866FFB5FFF2FE0CFB4612730BA3" box="[444,553,1158,1183]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
):
</emphasis>
Total length 1.58 (1.72 with clypeus), prosoma 0.56 long, 0.60 wide, opisthosoma 1.02 long, 0.62 wide. Leg I: 13.39 (3.25 + 0.29 + 3.36 + 5.32 + 1.17), leg II: 8.96 (2.45 + 0.23 + 2.17 + 3.30 + 0.81), leg III: 5.53 (1.63 + 0.22 + 1.25 + 1.91 + 0.52), leg IV: (2.27 + 0.23 + 1.81 + 2.66 + ); tibia I L/ d: 54. Habitus as in
<figureCitation id="136C2A41FFB5FFF2FE3EFB32118E0A37" box="[398,468,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[199,1393,193,1948]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[199,1393,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Belisana gigantea sp. nov., male holotype (C E) and female paratype (A B, F G). A. Epigynum, ventral view; B. Vulva, dorsal view; C. Bulb, prolateral view; D. Chelicerae, frontal view; E G. Habitus (E F. Dorsal view; G. Ventral view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248838/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
E. Dorsal shield of prosoma and sternum whitish, without marks; clypeus with an apophysis forward. Legs yellowish, but dark brown on patellae and tibia-metatarsus joints, without darker rings. Opisthosoma yellowish, with spots dorsally. Distance PME-PME 0.13, diameter PME 0.08, distance PME-ALE 0.02, AME absent. Ocular area not elevated. Thoracic furrow absent. Sternum wider than long (0.45/0.41). Chelicerae as in
<figureCitation id="136C2A41FFB5FFF2FEE2FA4211CD0AA7" box="[338,407,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[199,1393,193,1948]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[199,1393,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Belisana gigantea sp. nov., male holotype (C E) and female paratype (A B, F G). A. Epigynum, ventral view; B. Vulva, dorsal view; C. Bulb, prolateral view; D. Chelicerae, frontal view; E G. Habitus (E F. Dorsal view; G. Ventral view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248838/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 8</figureCitation>
D and 9C, with a pair of thumb-shaped apophyses proximally provided with a small, round apophysis, and a pair of short, pointed apophyses distally (distance between tips: 0.06). Pedipalpi as in
<figureCitation id="136C2A41FFB5FFF2FA91FA66153C0A83" box="[1313,1382,1446,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[200,1394,195,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[200,1394,195,1951]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Belisana gigantea sp. nov., male holotype. A B. Pedipalpus (A. Prolateral view; B. Retrolateral view); C D. Distal part of procursus (C. Prolateral view; D. Retrolateral view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248837/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 7</figureCitation>
AB and 9AB; trochanter with a short retrolatero-ventral apophysis; femur with a dorsal apophysis; procursus simple proximally but complex distally, with a large membranous flap retrolaterally; bulb with a simple embolus. Retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia I at 13%; legs with short vertical hairs on metatarsi, without spines and curved hairs; tarsus I with about 10 distinct pseudosegments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836C4FFB5FFF2FF77F99A11E4094F" blockId="8.[151,1437,906,1867]" box="[199,446,1626,1651]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B923EAD6FFB5FFF2FF77F99A111B094F" bold="true" box="[199,321,1626,1651]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Variation:</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836C4FFB5FFF2FF77F9BE125B081B" blockId="8.[151,1437,906,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B923EAD6FFB5FFF2FF77F9BE117D09AB" bold="true" box="[199,295,1662,1687]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Female:</emphasis>
Similar to male, habitus as in
<figureCitation id="136C2A41FFB5FFF2FD37F9BE129109AB" box="[647,715,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[199,1393,193,1948]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[199,1393,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Belisana gigantea sp. nov., male holotype (C E) and female paratype (A B, F G). A. Epigynum, ventral view; B. Vulva, dorsal view; C. Bulb, prolateral view; D. Chelicerae, frontal view; E G. Habitus (E F. Dorsal view; G. Ventral view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248838/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 8</figureCitation>
FG. Total length 1.75 (1.84 with clypeus), prosoma 0.60 long, 0.63 wide, opisthosoma 1.15 long, 0.78 wide; leg I lost. Distance PME-PME 0.13, diameter PME 0.07, distance PME-ALE 0.02, AME absent. Epigynum (
<figureCitation id="136C2A41FFB5FFF2FDC7F90612E609E3" box="[631,700,1734,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[199,1393,193,1948]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[199,1393,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Belisana gigantea sp. nov., male holotype (C E) and female paratype (A B, F G). A. Epigynum, ventral view; B. Vulva, dorsal view; C. Bulb, prolateral view; D. Chelicerae, frontal view; E G. Habitus (E F. Dorsal view; G. Ventral view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248838/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 8</figureCitation>
A and 9D) simple and flat externally, protrudent posteriorly, with dark internal shade and a pair of pockets 4 Μm apart. Vulva (
<figureCitation id="136C2A41FFB5FFF2FCFBF92A13CB083F" box="[843,913,1770,1795]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[199,1393,193,1948]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[199,1393,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Belisana gigantea sp. nov., male holotype (C E) and female paratype (A B, F G). A. Epigynum, ventral view; B. Vulva, dorsal view; C. Bulb, prolateral view; D. Chelicerae, frontal view; E G. Habitus (E F. Dorsal view; G. Ventral view)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248838/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 8</figureCitation>
B and 9E) with a ridge-shaped arch anteriorly and a pair of elliptic pore plates.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D654FFFB5FFF2FF77F8F213010877" box="[199,859,1842,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE836C4FFB5FFF2FF77F8F213010877" blockId="8.[151,1437,906,1867]" box="[199,859,1842,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B923EAD6FFB5FFF2FF77F8F2113A0877" bold="true" box="[199,352,1842,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from the
<typeStatus id="54EC8866FFB5FFF2FDD0F8F312CA0877" box="[608,656,1843,1867]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
locality (
<figureCitation id="136C2A41FFB5FFF2FD4AF8F213140877" box="[762,846,1842,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1780,1802]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,159,1766]" captionTargetId="figure@49.[151,1436,159,1766]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 41. Known distribution of new species of Pholcidae from Laos. 1. Belisana champasakensis sp. nov.; 2. B. crystallina sp. nov.; 3. B. gigantea sp. nov.; 4. B. khanensis sp. nov.; 5. B. lancea sp. nov.; 6. B. martensi sp. nov.; 7. B. tadetuensis sp. nov.; 8. B. xiangensis sp. nov.; 9. Calapnita longa sp. nov.; 10. Khorata circularis sp. nov.; 11. K. dupla sp. nov.; 12. Pholcus arcuatilis sp. nov.; 13. P. sublaksao sp. nov.; 14. Spermophora falcata sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/248871/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>