117 lines
13 KiB
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117 lines
13 KiB
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<document id="4592B8AE1A33CDB67AD8F0A3BD6696BA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5401706" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5401706" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630335078311" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Coppard, Simon Edward & Campbell, Andrew C." docDate="2006" docId="03FE87C20700FFDDFD31FB4CFF36AEBA" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.2006.28.1.93-112.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 28 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2A9C6F9EA5F90D98170D9E0D9CA29375.4:Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="2A9C6F9EA5F90D98170D9E0D9CA29375" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Diadema paucispinum A. Agassiz 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="100" masterDocId="FFC7FFBA0706FFDAFFE6FFC2FF83AA13" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic significance of test morphology in the echinoid genera Diadema Gray, 1825 and Echinothrix Peters, 1853 (Echinodermata)" masterLastPageNumber="112" masterPageNumber="93" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1699232855758" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="C99188010B79095317BDE6E09FA0775B">Taxonomic significance of test morphology in the echinoid genera Diadema Gray, 1825 and Echinothrix Peters, 1853 (Echinodermata)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4F19CECD533BE44C5D4E93D00C985922" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6C2F97CE119E5BCEB86BDC7D0559B337">Coppard, Simon Edward</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7D6E1736876433139C854CF9FF20A9EE">Campbell, Andrew C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8D40709C27B8C74BA77E5BC8E1BBFC07">School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E 1 4 NS (United Kingdom) simon @ diadema. fsnet. co. uk</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="E5A45B7076827978CAAD78FFA3274C22">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="DEB749FB1445C0B183567B9C58CE5C16">
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<mods:date id="644BA778DEAC91AAE3B93B9EBD6BD5BA">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9D53CFD4B1E0E53A5A7B1142A17D65B3">28</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="0131EB14D21F3115BDAE8D81ABA2D67A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="735DD57E216A718DDAA4E26F90EFADD5" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5401706</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="148AFE86ECDE0A057AA9FE0108A1B02F" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="51A523651BDBBA7FFF2D7ED1C5966B21" type="Zenodo-Dep">5401706</mods:identifier>
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D570700FFDCFD31FB4CFB04AEBB" authority="A. Agassiz, 1863" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1863" box="[727,1159,1166,1193]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Diademaceae" genus="Diadema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="paucispinum">
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60700FFDCFD31FB4CFC4DAEBB" bold="true" box="[727,974,1166,1193]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">Diadema paucispinum</emphasis>
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A.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B250700FFDCFC12FB4CFB04AEBB" author="AGASSIZ A." box="[1012,1159,1166,1192]" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" pagination="352 - 360" refId="ref8890" refString="AGASSIZ A. 1863. - Synopsis of the echinoids collection on the Pacific exploring expedition. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 15: 352 - 360." type="journal article" year="1863">Agassiz, 1863</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836D40700FFDCFD43FB0FFC5EAFF6" blockId="6.[677,1210,1229,1700]" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">
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Specimens were collected from Puako Bay, Haunomu Bay, and Kahe Point on the main Hawaiian island of Oahu, as well as from Kahului, in Maui. Specimens were also collected from the islands of
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<collectingCountry id="F34076440700FFDCFD43FA8EFD4DAF75" box="[677,718,1356,1382]" name="Fiji" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">Viti</collectingCountry>
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Levu and Taveuni in
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<collectingCountry id="F34076440700FFDCFC48FA8EFC56AF75" box="[942,981,1356,1382]" name="Fiji" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">Fiji</collectingCountry>
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. Adult specimens had mean test diameters of
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(h.d.) (SD ±
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) by
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<quantity id="4CAF9B310700FFDCFD21FA4EFC94AFB5" box="[711,791,1420,1446]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
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(v.d.) (SD ±
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<quantity id="4CAF9B310700FFDCFC4CFA4EFB85AFB5" box="[938,1030,1420,1446]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
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). Maximum test diameters of
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<quantity id="4CAF9B310700FFDCFCD4FA69FC01AFD5" box="[818,898,1451,1478]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="82.0">82 mm</quantity>
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(h.d.) by
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<quantity id="4CAF9B310700FFDCFC16FA69FBC3AFD5" box="[1008,1088,1451,1478]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="48.0">48 mm</quantity>
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(v.d.) were recorded from
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<specimenCount id="9D51FD5D0700FFDCFCA3FA09FC5AAFF6" box="[837,985,1483,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" type="generic">62 specimens</specimenCount>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34D655F0700FFDDFD5DFA29FF36AEBA" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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Tests were black with a distinct red tinge in young specimens. Th is colouration was lost with age, becoming jet-black, exhibiting a bluish hue in adults. Th e ambulacra measured 22-26% of the interambulacra at the ambitus and were not as prominent as reported by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B250700FFDCFC58F94BFBDDACB7" author="AGASSIZ A." box="[958,1118,1673,1700]" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" pagination="352 - 360" refId="ref8890" refString="AGASSIZ A. 1863. - Synopsis of the echinoids collection on the Pacific exploring expedition. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 15: 352 - 360." type="journal article" year="1863">Agassiz (1863)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836D40701FFDDFF6EFF1AFE0BA83C" blockId="7.[113,647,216,1193]" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
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The numbers of iridophores were noticeably reduced in this species. No apical ring was observed, while the pattern of iridophores down the mid-lines of the interambulacra were not constant. Typically, iridophores were found among the base of the tubercles on the interambulacra above the ambitus.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B250701FFDDFF35FE54FE15ABA3" author="MORTENSEN T." box="[211,406,406,432]" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" refId="ref9794" refString="MORTENSEN T. 1940. - Monograph of the Echinoidea. III (1). C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 370 p." type="book" year="1940">Mortensen (1940)</bibRefCitation>
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reported that no white spots were present on the naked median areas of the interambulacra. This was true of specimens during the day. However, at night, light red/brown patches were found in these areas.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836D40701FFDDFF6EFDF6FEB6A8BE" blockId="7.[113,647,216,1193]" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
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The test was reported by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B250701FFDDFE6CFDF7FDCEA85D" author="MORTENSEN T." box="[394,589,564,591]" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" refId="ref9794" refString="MORTENSEN T. 1940. - Monograph of the Echinoidea. III (1). C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 370 p." type="book" year="1940">Mortensen (1940)</bibRefCitation>
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to be somewhat more flattened than in the other species of the genus. This did not prove to be a consistent or reliable feature.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836D40701FFDDFF6EFD71FDEEA95F" blockId="7.[113,647,216,1193]" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
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The interambulacra were as
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B250701FFDDFE58FD76FD05A8DE" author="MORTENSEN T." box="[446,646,691,718]" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" refId="ref9794" refString="MORTENSEN T. 1940. - Monograph of the Echinoidea. III (1). C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 370 p." type="book" year="1940">Mortensen (1940)</bibRefCitation>
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described, with fewer interambulacral plates (12-14) than in specimens of the same size in
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D570701FFDDFE1EFD31FDEAA91F" authorityName="Michelin" authorityYear="1845" box="[504,617,755,780]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Diademaceae" genus="Diadema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="savignyi">
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60701FFDDFE1EFD31FDEAA91F" box="[504,617,755,780]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">D. savignyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D570701FFDDFF97FCD1FF59A93F" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[113,218,787,812]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Diademaceae" genus="Diadema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="setosum">
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60701FFDDFF97FCD1FF59A93F" box="[113,218,787,812]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">D. setosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(15-16 plates).This corresponds to the few- er spines found in this species (
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D570701FFDDFE5CFCF1FDDDA95F" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1863" box="[442,606,819,844]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Diademaceae" genus="Diadema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="7" pageNumber="100" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="paucispinum">
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60701FFDDFE5CFCF1FDDDA95F" box="[442,606,819,844]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">D. paucispinum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836D40701FFDDFF6EFC93FDBEAE7A" blockId="7.[113,647,216,1193]" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">
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The apical system (
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<figureCitation id="136C2A510701FFDDFEABFC93FE19A97F" box="[333,410,849,876]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[113,124,680,697]" captionTargetBox="[171,1160,218,635]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[134,1189,203,645]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Drawings of the apical systems, showing species specific characters of the periproct and genital plates: A, Diadema antillarum; B, D. ascensionis; C, D. mexicanum; D, D. palmeri; E, D. paucispinum; F, D. savignyi; G, D. setosum; H, Echinothrix calamaris (brown colour morph); I, E. calamaris (white colour morph); J, E. diadema. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5401708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5401708/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
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) measured 20-28% of the test’s horizontal diameter, was hemicyclic with no iridophores present. The periproct measured 11- 15% (h.d.), was uniformly black with a small anal cone and no markings. The genital plates had from two to six small tubercles on their inner edge, but no arch-shaped depressions. This feature was not even found on juveniles in this study. No other distinct markings on the genital plates were found.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836D40701FFDDFF6EFBACFF36AEBA" blockId="7.[113,647,216,1193]" pageId="7" pageNumber="100">The peristome was black and measured 40-45% (h.d.).</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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