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<document id="731E81F5E4D7FC6E0632D2B12730D3B1" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4227.1.4" ID-CLB-Dataset="37240" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4227.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="df8f4f25-cc32-4f75-91ae-0caa0537ddcb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="266380" ID-ZooBank="02913469-1D04-4A2E-A816-993C2FD1731E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1485933734407" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mizsei, Edvárd, Jablonski, Daniel, Roussos, Stephanos A., Dimaki, Maria, Ioannidis, Yannis, Nilson, Göran &amp; Nagy, Zoltán T." docDate="2017" docId="FB6FF304FFA3E07C008DC38C279212A0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4227.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4227 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Vipera graeca Nilson &amp; Andren 1988, stat. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="84" masterDocId="07568B7CFFAAE075001AC31B27641554" masterDocTitle="Nuclear markers support the mitochondrial phylogeny of Vipera ursinii – renardi complex (Squamata: Viperidae) and species status for the Greek meadow viper" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="75" pageNumber="84" updateTime="1698436560354" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="59D51F0C12FA0A16132E7513DE4E88E6">Nuclear markers support the mitochondrial phylogeny of Vipera ursinii – renardi complex (Squamata: Viperidae) and species status for the Greek meadow viper</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AB5F10C2E818B8A3BEF434D631299364">Mizsei, Edvárd</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="30425C61EC1D303E73E1D41E89F75278">Roussos, Stephanos A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A86F159344A062CC3FB3A0CB2588264E">Dimaki, Maria</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="FB6FF304FFA3E07C008DC38C279212A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5657545" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127629214" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5657545" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB6FF304FFA3E07C008DC38C279212A0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB6FF304FFA3E07C008DC38C279212A0" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
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<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C008DC38C25B915E6" bold="true" box="[151,733,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="B4C63991FFA3E07C008DC38C250315E6" authority="Nilson &amp; Andren, 1988" authorityName="Nilson &amp; Andren" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,615,151,178]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Vipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graeca" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C008DC38C262415E5" bold="true" box="[151,320,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Vipera graeca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="17573FE3FFA3E07C015CC383250315E6" author="Nilson" box="[326,615,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" refString="Nilson, G. &amp; Andren, C. (1988) A new subspecies of the subalpine meadow viper, Vipera ursinii (Bonaparte) (Reptilia, Viperidae), from Greece. Zoologica Scripta, 17 (3), 311 - 314." type="journal article" year="1988">Nilson &amp; Andrén, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="73794212FFA3E07C008DC3A126E61587" blockId="9.[151,733,151,211]" box="[151,386,186,211]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Greek meadow viper</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="B4C63991FFA3E07C008DC3E525011447" authority="Nilson &amp; Andren, 1988" authorityName="Nilson &amp; Andren" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,613,253,275]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Vipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ursinii" subSpecies="graeca">
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C008DC3E5260B1447" box="[151,367,254,275]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Vipera ursinii graeca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="17573FE3FFA3E07C016FC3E625011447" author="Nilson" box="[373,613,253,275]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" refString="Nilson, G. &amp; Andren, C. (1988) A new subspecies of the subalpine meadow viper, Vipera ursinii (Bonaparte) (Reptilia, Viperidae), from Greece. Zoologica Scripta, 17 (3), 311 - 314." type="journal article" year="1988">Nilson &amp; Andrén, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B4C63991FFA3E07C008DC20625581466" authority="Welch, 1994: 123" authorityName="Welch" authorityPageNumber="123" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,572,284,306]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Vipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="macrops" subSpecies="graeca">
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C008DC20626E71466" box="[151,387,285,306]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Vipera macrops graeca</emphasis>
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: 123
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</paragraph>
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<bibRef id="AA66D6E4FFA3E07C008DC24223AA1425" box="[151,1230,345,370]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" type="book">
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C008DC242266F1426" bold="true" box="[151,267,345,370]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Holotype.</emphasis>
<author id="AB7BAAF7FFA3E07C0108C242258E1425" box="[274,746,345,370]" fns="I" npo="LF" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Göteborg Natural History Museum, GNM</author>
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Re. ex. 4942. Leg.
<bibRefCitation id="17573FE3FFA3E07C03DFC24223EC1426" author="Nilson" box="[965,1160,345,370]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" refString="Nilson, G. &amp; Andren, C. (1988) A new subspecies of the subalpine meadow viper, Vipera ursinii (Bonaparte) (Reptilia, Viperidae), from Greece. Zoologica Scripta, 17 (3), 311 - 314." type="journal article" year="1988">Nilson &amp; Andrén</bibRefCitation>
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<year id="076E0341FFA3E07C0495C24223AE1425" box="[1167,1226,345,369]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">1988</year>
.
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<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C00DDC267262214C1" bold="true" box="[199,326,380,405]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Paratypes.</emphasis>
GNM Re. ex. 6823 (six newborn), GNM Re. ex. 6849 (ZIG 146), GNM Re. ex. 6850 (ZIG 147), GNM Re. ex. 6851 (ZIG 142) + GNM ZIG 145. Leg.
<bibRefCitation id="17573FE3FFA3E07C02E9C2BB249C14EC" author="Nilson" box="[755,1016,416,441]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" refString="Nilson, G. &amp; Andren, C. (1988) A new subspecies of the subalpine meadow viper, Vipera ursinii (Bonaparte) (Reptilia, Viperidae), from Greece. Zoologica Scripta, 17 (3), 311 - 314." type="journal article" year="1988">Nilson &amp; Andrén 1988</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<location id="761914C9FFA3E07C00DDC2D8266F1488" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB6FF304FFA3E07C008DC38C279212A0:761914C9FFA3E07C00DDC2D8266F1488" box="[199,267,451,476]" country="Greece" county="Pindos mountain range" municipality="central Pindos" name="Terra" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Terra</location>
typica.
</emphasis>
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,
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in the
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central
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mountain range,
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altitude,
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(
<bibRefCitation id="17573FE3FFA3E07C0084C2FC26C214AB" author="Nilson" box="[158,422,487,512]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" refString="Nilson, G. &amp; Andren, C. (1988) A new subspecies of the subalpine meadow viper, Vipera ursinii (Bonaparte) (Reptilia, Viperidae), from Greece. Zoologica Scripta, 17 (3), 311 - 314." type="journal article" year="1988">Nilson &amp; Andrén 1988</bibRefCitation>
).
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3BDC1199FFA3E07C00DDC11125711022" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="73794212FFA3E07C00DDC11123E316FD" blockId="9.[151,1437,345,2037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C00DDC111269C1777" bold="true" box="[199,504,522,547]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Morphological Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This taxon differs from all other members of
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C03E0C11723DA1777" box="[1018,1214,522,547]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="B4C63991FFA3E07C03E0C117233F1777" box="[1018,1115,522,547]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Vipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursinii">V. ursinii</taxonomicName>
–
<taxonomicName id="B4C63991FFA3E07C0470C11123DA1777" box="[1130,1214,522,547]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Vipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="renardi">renardi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
complex by having the following combination of morphological characters (
<bibRefCitation id="17573FE3FFA3E07C030BC136237C1712" author="Nilson" box="[785,1048,557,582]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" refString="Nilson, G. &amp; Andren, C. (1988) A new subspecies of the subalpine meadow viper, Vipera ursinii (Bonaparte) (Reptilia, Viperidae), from Greece. Zoologica Scripta, 17 (3), 311 - 314." type="journal article" year="1988">Nilson &amp; Andrén 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="17573FE3FFA3E07C0439C136224D1712" author="Nilson" box="[1059,1321,557,582]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" refString="Nilson, G. &amp; Andren, C. (2001) The Meadow and Steppe Vipers of Europe and Asia - The Vipera (Acridophaga) ursinii complex. Acta Zoologica, 47 (2 - 3), 87 - 267." type="journal article" year="2001">Nilson &amp; Andrén 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="17573FE3FFA3E07C052EC136279D173E" author="Mizsei" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" refString="Mizsei, E., Uveges, B., Vagi, B., Szabolcs, M., Lengyel, S., Pfliegler, W. P., Nagy, Z. T. &amp; Toth, J. P. (2016) Species distribution modelling leads to the discovery of new populations of one of the least known European snakes, Vipera ursinii graeca, in Albania. Amphibia-Reptilia, 37 (1), 55 - 68." type="journal article" year="2016">
Mizsei
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C0592C13427D0173E" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
): small body size (for males a snout to vent length (SVL) max.
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, and tail length is
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, and for females a SVL max.
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, and tail length is
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); non-bilineate body ground colour pattern; white or bright brownish-grey ventral colour; no dark spots on labial, lateral and dorsal sides of head except occipital and postorbital stripes; dorsal zigzag pattern tagged with pointed corners at windings, or consisting of a narrow vertebral line only; 45–58 dorsal windings; nasal divided into two plates or united with nasorostralia; rostral as high as broad; 2–8 loreals; 13–20 circumoculars; upper preocular not separated from nasal; 7–20 crown scales; more fragmented parietals; 12–15 supralabials (sum of right and left sides); first three supralabials two times larger than the following ones; third supralabial below orbit; 14–19 sublabials (sum of right and left sides); 3–5 mental scales; early dorsal scale row reduction; 120–129 ventrals for males, 119–133 ventrals for females; lowest number of subcaudals in the complex: 21–29 subcaudals for males, 13–26 subcaudals for females.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="73794212FFA3E07C00DDC0AF25711022" blockId="9.[151,1437,345,2037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
<materialsCitation id="C3AE484FFFA3E07C00DDC0AF265711F6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1426623243" country="Greece" location="Stavros area" municipality="Vardoussia Mts." pageId="9" pageNumber="84" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C00DDC0AF26A11699" bold="true" box="[199,453,948,973]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Molecular Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The works of
<bibRefCitation id="17573FE3FFA3E07C0275C0AF24091699" box="[623,877,948,973]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" refString="Ferchaud, A. - L., Ursenbacher, S., Cheylan, M., Luiselli, L., Jelic, D., Halpern, B., Major, A., Kotenko, T., Keyan, N., Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J., Tomovic, L., Ghira, I., Ioannidis, Y., Arnal, V. &amp; Montgerald, C. (2012) Phylogeography of the Vipera ursinii complex (Viperidae): mitochondrial markers reveal an east - west disjunction in the Palaearctic region. Journal of Biogeography, 39 (10), 1836 - 1847." type="journal article">
Ferchaud
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C02FAC0AE247E1699" box="[736,794,948,973]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="17573FE3FFA3E07C03BDC0AF23FE1699" box="[935,1178,948,973]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" refString="Zinenko, O., Stumpel, N., Mazanaeva, L., Bakiev, A., Shiryaev, K., Pavlov, A., Kotenko, T., Kukushkin, O., Chikin, Y., Duisebayeva, T., Nilson, G., Orlov, N. L., Tuniyev, S., Ananjeva, N. B., Murphy, R. W. &amp; Joger, U. (2015) Mitochondrial phylogeny shows multiple independent ecological transitions and northern dispersion despite of Pleistocene glaciations in meadow and steppe vipers (Vipera ursinii and Vipera renardi). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 84, 85 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2014.12.005" type="journal article">
Zinenko
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C0417C0AE23231699" box="[1037,1095,948,973]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
</bibRefCitation>
showed divergence of
<taxonomicName id="B4C63991FFA3E07C008DC0C2265D16A4" box="[151,313,985,1008]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Vipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graeca" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C008DC0C2265D16A4" box="[151,313,985,1008]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Vipera graeca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C0159C0CC26D416A4" bold="true" box="[323,432,983,1008]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5A81237BFFA3E07C0159C0CC26D416A4" box="[323,432,983,1008]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
based on mtDNA datasets. Its distinction is supported by phylogenetic position (basal taxon for all other species of the
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C0215C0E025D61140" box="[527,690,1019,1044]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">ursinii-renardi</emphasis>
complex), time of divergence (the Middle Pliocene) and value of uncorrected pairwise p–distances (4.5% in view of
<taxonomicName id="B4C63991FFA3E07C02FBC704244E1162" box="[737,810,1055,1078]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Vipera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ursinii">
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C02FBC704244E1162" box="[737,810,1055,1078]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">ursinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade) as is defined by
<bibRefCitation id="17573FE3FFA3E07C0427C705225A1163" box="[1085,1342,1054,1079]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" refString="Ferchaud, A. - L., Ursenbacher, S., Cheylan, M., Luiselli, L., Jelic, D., Halpern, B., Major, A., Kotenko, T., Keyan, N., Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J., Tomovic, L., Ghira, I., Ioannidis, Y., Arnal, V. &amp; Montgerald, C. (2012) Phylogeography of the Vipera ursinii complex (Viperidae): mitochondrial markers reveal an east - west disjunction in the Palaearctic region. Journal of Biogeography, 39 (10), 1836 - 1847." type="journal article">
Ferchaud
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C04B7C70423831163" box="[1197,1255,1054,1079]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
. All our analyses based both on mitochondrial and nuclear loci support these results. Specimens in the study of
<bibRefCitation id="17573FE3FFA3E07C0503C7592662112A" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" refString="Ferchaud, A. - L., Ursenbacher, S., Cheylan, M., Luiselli, L., Jelic, D., Halpern, B., Major, A., Kotenko, T., Keyan, N., Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J., Tomovic, L., Ghira, I., Ioannidis, Y., Arnal, V. &amp; Montgerald, C. (2012) Phylogeography of the Vipera ursinii complex (Viperidae): mitochondrial markers reveal an east - west disjunction in the Palaearctic region. Journal of Biogeography, 39 (10), 1836 - 1847." type="journal article">
Ferchaud
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C0592C75827D0112A" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
originated from
<location id="761914C9FFA3E07C01DCC77D25351129" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB6FF304FFA3E07C008DC38C279212A0:761914C9FFA3E07C01DCC77D25351129" box="[454,593,1126,1150]" country="Greece" municipality="Vardoussia Mts." name="Stavros area" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Stavros area</location>
in the
<collectingMunicipality id="931DD868FFA3E07C02BAC77E243C1129" box="[672,856,1125,1150]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Vardoussia Mts.</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="0BD10282FFA3E07C037FC77D24DD112A" box="[869,953,1126,1150]" name="Greece" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Greece</collectingCountry>
), but in the present study we used samples from
<collectingCountry id="0BD10282FFA3E07C00CDC792265711F6" box="[215,307,1161,1186]" name="Albania" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Albania</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="C3AE484FFFA3E07C015BC79225711022" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1426623244" country="Greece" county="Townsend" location="The" municipality="Because" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="761914C9FFA3E07C015BC792260911F6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB6FF304FFA3E07C008DC38C279212A0:761914C9FFA3E07C015BC792260911F6" box="[321,365,1161,1186]" country="Greece" county="Townsend" municipality="Because" name="The" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">The</location>
specimens used here share the same
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C033BC791240A11F5" box="[801,878,1162,1185]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">CYT B</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C03B0C79224BB11F5" box="[938,991,1161,1185]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">ND4</emphasis>
haplotypes as the previously analysed
<location id="761914C9FFA3E07C008DC7B727B81191" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB6FF304FFA3E07C008DC38C279212A0:761914C9FFA3E07C008DC7B727B81191" box="[151,220,1196,1221]" country="Greece" county="Townsend" municipality="Because" name="Greek" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Greek</location>
samples of
<bibRefCitation id="17573FE3FFA3E07C017EC7B725071191" box="[356,611,1196,1221]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" refString="Ferchaud, A. - L., Ursenbacher, S., Cheylan, M., Luiselli, L., Jelic, D., Halpern, B., Major, A., Kotenko, T., Keyan, N., Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J., Tomovic, L., Ghira, I., Ioannidis, Y., Arnal, V. &amp; Montgerald, C. (2012) Phylogeography of the Vipera ursinii complex (Viperidae): mitochondrial markers reveal an east - west disjunction in the Palaearctic region. Journal of Biogeography, 39 (10), 1836 - 1847." type="journal article">
<location id="761914C9FFA3E07C017EC7B726A81191" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB6FF304FFA3E07C008DC38C279212A0:761914C9FFA3E07C017EC7B726A81191" box="[356,460,1196,1221]" country="Greece" county="Townsend" municipality="Because" name="Ferchaud" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Ferchaud</location>
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C01CEC7B525691191" box="[468,525,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
. A single
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C02CFC7B6246E1191" box="[725,778,1197,1221]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">ND4</emphasis>
haplotype is presented by the southernmost (
<location id="761914C9FFA3E07C0513C7B622F31190" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB6FF304FFA3E07C008DC38C279212A0:761914C9FFA3E07C0513C7B622F31190" box="[1289,1431,1197,1221]" country="Greece" county="Townsend" municipality="Because" name="Stavros area" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Stavros area</location>
,
<location id="761914C9FFA3E07C008DC7D4262A11BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB6FF304FFA3E07C008DC38C279212A0:761914C9FFA3E07C008DC7D4262A11BC" box="[151,334,1231,1256]" country="Greece" county="Townsend" municipality="Because" name="Vardoussia Mts." pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Vardoussia Mts.</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="0BD10282FFA3E07C0140C7CB26CF11BC" box="[346,427,1232,1256]" name="Greece" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Greece</collectingCountry>
) and the northernmost populations (
<location id="761914C9FFA3E07C035AC7CB24B511BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB6FF304FFA3E07C008DC38C279212A0:761914C9FFA3E07C035AC7CB24B511BC" box="[832,977,1232,1256]" country="Greece" county="Townsend" municipality="Because" name="Tomorr Mts." pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Tomorr Mts.</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="0BD10282FFA3E07C03C7C7D4235E11BC" box="[989,1082,1231,1256]" name="Albania" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Albania</collectingCountry>
;
<bibRefCitation id="17573FE3FFA3E07C045FC7D4227011BC" author="Mizsei" box="[1093,1300,1231,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" refString="Mizsei, E., Uveges, B., Vagi, B., Szabolcs, M., Lengyel, S., Pfliegler, W. P., Nagy, Z. T. &amp; Toth, J. P. (2016) Species distribution modelling leads to the discovery of new populations of one of the least known European snakes, Vipera ursinii graeca, in Albania. Amphibia-Reptilia, 37 (1), 55 - 68." type="journal article" year="2016">
<location id="761914C9FFA3E07C045FC7D423F511BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB6FF304FFA3E07C008DC38C279212A0:761914C9FFA3E07C045FC7D423F511BC" box="[1093,1169,1231,1256]" country="Greece" county="Townsend" municipality="Because" name="Mizsei" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Mizsei</location>
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C0482C7CA23AD11BC" box="[1176,1225,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
).
<location id="761914C9FFA3E07C053CC7D422F311BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB6FF304FFA3E07C008DC38C279212A0:761914C9FFA3E07C053CC7D422F311BC" box="[1318,1431,1231,1256]" country="Greece" county="Townsend" municipality="Because" name="Therefore" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Therefore</location>
, a single haplotype is very likely to be present throughout most of the distribution area of this species.
<collectingMunicipality id="931DD868FFA3E07C050FC7EF2216105F" box="[1301,1394,1268,1291]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Because</collectingMunicipality>
the sequence variability of the nDNA regions is, in general, much less variable than mtDNA (
<bibRefCitation id="17573FE3FFA3E07C048CC60D22F4107B" author="Townsend" box="[1174,1424,1302,1327]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" refString="Townsend, T. M., Alegre, R. E., Kelley, S. T., Weins, J. J. &amp; Reeder, T. W. (2008) Rapid development of multiple nuclear loci for phylogenetic analysis using genomic resources: an example from squamate reptiles. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 47 (1), 129 - 142." type="journal article" year="2008">
<collectingCounty id="9A183A9EFFA3E07C048CC60D226E107B" box="[1174,1290,1302,1327]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Townsend</collectingCounty>
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C0508C6032228107B" box="[1298,1356,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
), we could use specimens originated from another locality than the
<typeStatus id="AC7DFCB0FFA3E07C03A1C620248F1007" box="[955,1003,1339,1363]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">type</typeStatus>
locality as they represent the same phylogenetic pattern and position.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3BDC1199FFA3E07C00DDC69A279212A0" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="73794212FFA3E07C00DDC69A267513C6" blockId="9.[151,1437,345,2037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C00DDC69A260410CE" bold="true" box="[199,352,1409,1434]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Distribution.</emphasis>
The species occurs in the subalpine meadows of the Hellenides mountain system of southern
<collectingCountry id="0BD10282FFA3E07C008DC6BF279410E9" box="[151,240,1444,1469]" name="Albania" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Albania</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingRegion id="B1028CF0FFA3E07C0130C6BF26AB10E9" box="[298,463,1444,1469]" country="Greece" name="Sterea Ellada" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
central
<collectingCountry id="0BD10282FFA3E07C019AC6BE26AB10E9" box="[384,463,1445,1469]" name="Greece" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Greece</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="17573FE3FFA3E07C01FAC6BF25AD10E9" author="Dimitropoulos" box="[480,713,1444,1469]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" refString="Dimitropoulos, A. (1985) First records of Orsini's viper, Vipera ursinii (Viperidae) in Greece. Annales Musei Goulandris, 7, 319 - 323." type="journal article" year="1985">Dimitropoulos 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="17573FE3FFA3E07C02CDC6BF248610E9" author="Nilson" box="[727,994,1444,1469]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" refString="Nilson, G. &amp; Andren, C. (1988) A new subspecies of the subalpine meadow viper, Vipera ursinii (Bonaparte) (Reptilia, Viperidae), from Greece. Zoologica Scripta, 17 (3), 311 - 314." type="journal article" year="1988">Nilson &amp; Andrén 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="17573FE3FFA3E07C03EAC6BF239810E9" author="Nilson" box="[1008,1276,1444,1469]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" refString="Nilson, G. &amp; Andren, C. (2001) The Meadow and Steppe Vipers of Europe and Asia - The Vipera (Acridophaga) ursinii complex. Acta Zoologica, 47 (2 - 3), 87 - 267." type="journal article" year="2001">Nilson &amp; Andrén 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="17573FE3FFA3E07C0513C6BE27B710B4" author="Korsos" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" refString="Korsos, Z., Barina, Z. &amp; Pifko, D. (2008) First record of Vipera ursinii graeca in Albania (Reptilia: Serpentes, Viperidae). Acta Herpetologica, 3 (2), 167 - 173." type="journal article" year="2008">
Korsós
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C0578C6BD22F110E9" box="[1378,1429,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="17573FE3FFA3E07C00C4C6D326CB10B5" author="Mizsei" box="[222,431,1480,1505]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" refString="Mizsei, E., Uveges, B., Vagi, B., Szabolcs, M., Lengyel, S., Pfliegler, W. P., Nagy, Z. T. &amp; Toth, J. P. (2016) Species distribution modelling leads to the discovery of new populations of one of the least known European snakes, Vipera ursinii graeca, in Albania. Amphibia-Reptilia, 37 (1), 55 - 68." type="journal article" year="2016">
Mizsei
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C0128C6D2260E10B5" box="[306,362,1480,1505]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
). These localities are Koziakas, Lakmos (Peristeri;
<typeStatus id="AC7DFCB0FFA3E07C03EAC6D2234410B5" box="[1008,1056,1481,1505]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">type</typeStatus>
locality), Metsovon, Oiti, Tsouka Karali, Tzoumerka (Athamanika), Tymfristos, Vardoussia (including Stavros area) mountains in
<collectingCountry id="0BD10282FFA3E07C050AC6F722061350" box="[1296,1378,1516,1540]" name="Greece" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Greece</collectingCountry>
, and Dhëmbel, Llofiz, Lunxhërisë, Griba, Nemerçkë (crossborder mountain, called Nemertzika in Greek), Shëndelli, Tomorr and Trebeshinë mountains in
<collectingCountry id="0BD10282FFA3E07C025BC52925F9131F" box="[577,669,1586,1611]" name="Albania" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Albania</collectingCountry>
. The entire distribution is extremely fragmented and each mountain population is completely isolated by a large matrix of unsuitable habitat for the taxon consisting of deep valleys and plains.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="73794212FFA3E07C00DDC586279212A0" blockId="9.[151,1437,345,2037]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C00DDC58626B113E2" bold="true" box="[199,469,1693,1718]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Ecology and habitats.</emphasis>
A mosaic of open or closed grass and shrub communities formed on limestone characterizes the main habitats of the taxon. Annual mean temperatures are about ~6°C, and the meadows are partially covered by snow until early summer (May-June. South-facing slopes are usually more open and rocky than north-facing slopes. Different species of
<taxonomicName id="B4C63991FFA3E07C02A7C4132472124B" box="[701,790,1800,1823]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C02A7C4132472124B" box="[701,790,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Festuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4C63991FFA3E07C0330C4132433124B" box="[810,855,1800,1823]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C0330C4132433124B" box="[810,855,1800,1823]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Poa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B4C63991FFA3E07C0380C41C24901274" box="[922,1012,1799,1824]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Sesleria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C0380C41C24901274" box="[922,1012,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Sesleria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
dominate the open grasslands, and characteristic shrubs are
<taxonomicName id="B4C63991FFA3E07C01AAC43725151210" box="[432,625,1835,1860]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sabina">
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C01AAC43725151210" box="[432,625,1835,1860]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Juniperus sabina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4C63991FFA3E07C029AC430245A1210" box="[640,830,1835,1860]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Thymelaeaceae" genus="Daphne" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oleoides">
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C029AC430245A1210" box="[640,830,1835,1860]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Daphne oleoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B4C63991FFA3E07C036DC43023341217" box="[887,1104,1835,1860]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Astragalus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="creticus">
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C036DC43023341217" box="[887,1104,1835,1860]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Astragalus creticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Most of the observed vipers were found close to shrubs or stone piles in south-facing habitat patches. The diet of the species consists mainly of
<taxonomicName id="B4C63991FFA3E07C008DC46A267412DE" box="[151,272,1905,1930]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
(97%) species, of which
<taxonomicName id="B4C63991FFA3E07C022CC46A240112DE" box="[566,869,1905,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Baissogryllidae" genus="Stenobothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubicundulus">
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C022CC46A240112DE" box="[566,869,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Stenobothrus rubicundulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4C63991FFA3E07C036FC46A248712DE" box="[885,995,1905,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Platycleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C036FC46A248712DE" box="[885,995,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Platycleis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName id="B4C63991FFA3E07C0406C468227212DE" box="[1052,1302,1907,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Decticus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucivorus">
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C0406C468227212DE" box="[1052,1302,1907,1930]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Decticus verrucivorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the most frequent prey (Mizsei
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C018BC48D26A712FA" box="[401,451,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
. in prep.). The abundance of Orthopterans is high from June to September (Lemonnier-
<bibRefCitation id="17573FE3FFA3E07C008DC4A226C21285" author="Darcemont" box="[151,422,1976,2001]" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" refString="Lemonnier-Darcemont, M., Puskas, G. &amp; Darcemont, C. (2015) First overview of the south Albanian Orthoptera fauna. Articulata, 30, 63 - 80." type="journal article" year="2015">
Darcemont
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C0105C4A126301285" box="[287,340,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
.). Known predators of the species are
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C036AC4A3236A1285" box="[880,1038,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Vulpes vulpes</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4C63991FFA3E07C043AC4A323941285" box="[1056,1264,1976,2001]" class="Aves" family="Falconidae" genus="Falco" kingdom="Animalia" order="Falconiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tinnunculus">
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C043AC4A323941285" box="[1056,1264,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Falco tinnunculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B4C63991FFA3E07C052AC4A2279412A1" class="Aves" family="Accipitridae" genus="Circaetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Accipitriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gallicus">
<emphasis id="41B29E00FFA3E07C052AC4A2279412A1" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="84">Circaetus gallicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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