treatments-xml/data/F4/46/87/F44687BC04336268FF70EFFBFB48F840.xml

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<mods:title id="16DD5786312B41EDBE194B94747D3E2D">An evaluation of the genus Kincaidiana Altman, 1936, with the designation of Altmanella n. gen. (Annelida, Clitellata, Lumbriculidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5B20E82EFDACA61254BAB0069B3321B8">Fend, En. V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="1F751016A6027A13B594695FCDBA5A00">2009</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="34F5652104336262FF70EFFBFD16FDA7" box="[151,660,499,526]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7C5036AA04336262FF70EFFBFD16FDA7" blockId="6.[151,660,499,560]" box="[151,660,499,526]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="271881C604336262FF70EFFBFD16FDA7" bold="true" box="[151,660,499,526]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="BBEF4D2904336262FF70EFFBFDA0FDA7" ID-CoL="65Y5W" authority="(Cook, 1966)" baseAuthorityName="Cook" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[151,546,499,526]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Altmanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="freidris" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB804336262FF70EFFBFEFEFDA4" bold="true" box="[151,380,500,526]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Altmanella freidris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="187E4B5B04336262FE6CEFFCFD98FDA7" author="Cook" box="[395,538,499,525]" firstAuthor="Cook" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref15168" refString="Cook, D. G. (1966) Lumbriculidae and additional notes and records of other families. In: Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Cook, D. G. Studies on North American aquatic Oligochaeta. III. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 118, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1966">Cook, 1966</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="55A857C304336262FDCEEFFCFD16FDA7" box="[553,660,499,525]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="34F5652104336262FF70EC19FEF4FD9A" box="[151,374,534,560]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="7C5036AA04336262FF70EC19FEF4FD9A" blockId="6.[151,660,499,560]" box="[151,374,534,560]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04336262FF70EC19FEBDFD9A" box="[151,319,534,560]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,257,1679,1703]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,380,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-260@4.[151,1436,376,1664]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Kincaidiana hexatheca. A–C, F and I–J from the Hoh River, Washington; D–E and G–H from the type series, Washington. A–B, whole worms, with A. freidris specimens (Owyhee River, Oregon) for size comparison. C, sagittal section in an anterior segment, showing transverse (circular) muscle layer of body wall. D, head of a dissected worm. E, spermatheca from a dissected worm. F, spermatheca from a sectioned worm, showing sperm lined up along ectal end of ampulla. G–H, male pores and atria of a dissected and a sectioned worm. I–J, sections of proximal and distal parts of vas deferens; proximal to the atrium, the vas has a thick muscle coat. Scale bars: A 10 mm, B 5 mm, C 50 µm, E–H 200 µm, I–J 50 µm." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figures 2A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04336262FEACEC19FEF4FD9A" box="[331,374,534,560]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStart-3="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="8.[151,256,1332,1356]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,256,1957,1981]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,256,1900,1924]" captionStartId-3="11.[151,259,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox-0="[155,1433,262,1313]" captionTargetBox-1="[206,1389,197,1919]" captionTargetBox-2="[152,1431,204,1873]" captionTargetBox-3="[253,1339,195,1798]" captionTargetId-0="figure-349@8.[151,1436,252,1321]" captionTargetId-1="figure-46@9.[202,1389,197,1922]" captionTargetId-2="figure-73@10.[151,1436,194,1876]" captionTargetId-3="figure-124@11.[253,1340,194,1798]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Altmanella freidris. A from the Sacrmento River, California; B from the Owyhee River, eastern Oregon; C–D from Sycan Marsh, Oregon. A–B, anterior ends of whole worms with extended penes. C–D, anterior part of two nephridia, showing preseptal funnel, postseptal expansion, and ectal duct with small vesicle (oriented with worm facing right). Scale bars: A–B 500 µm, C–D 100 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Altmanella freidris reproductive structures in segments VIII–IX; all worms facing right. A, Sacramento River, California. B, Owyhee River, eastern Oregon. C, Sycan Marsh, southern Oregon. Scale bar 200 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Altmanella freidris, atria and penial structures of worms from various sites (prostates not shown). A–B, Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada (B is a paratype). C–D, Sagehen Creek, California. E–F, Sacramento River, California. G, Malheur River, Oregon. H, Owyhee River, Oregon. I–K, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. L, Spring Creek, Oregon. Scale bars 200 µm." captionText-3="FIGURE 6. Altmanella freidris. A–B, E–F, I–K, Owyhee River, Oregon; C, H Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada (paratype); D, G, Sacramento River, California. A, ectal part of spermathecal ampulla joining the duct. B, ental part of ampulla, showing vacuolated cells with sperm. C, atrial ampulla in transverse and sagittal view. D, sagittal section of atrial ampulla. E, oblique-sagittal section of atrial ampulla, showing muscle layer. F, transverse section of atrial ampulla. G, atrial ampulla with vas deferens embedded in muscle wall. H, internal part of penial structure. I, penial structure with retracted penis. J, an extruded penis. K, transverse section of a penial structure. Scale bars 50 µm." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3–6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="34F5652104336262FF70EC6BFCABFDD1" box="[151,809,612,635]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="7C5036AA04336262FF70EC6BFCABFDD1" blockId="6.[151,809,612,635]" box="[151,809,612,635]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5CFF118404336262FF70EC6BFCABFDD1" box="[151,809,612,635]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<treatmentCitation id="FD4E10BB04336262FF70EC6BFDB2FDD1" author="Cook" box="[151,560,612,635]" page="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1966">
<taxonomicName id="BBEF4D2904336262FF70EC6BFDB2FDD1" ID-CoL="3R7V8" authority="Cook, 1966 p. 10" authorityName="Cook" authorityPageNumber="10" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,560,612,635]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Kincaidiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="freidris">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB804336262FF70EC6BFEEDFDD1" box="[151,367,612,635]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Kincaidiana freidris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="187E4B5B04336262FE92EC6BFDB2FDD1" author="Cook" box="[373,560,612,635]" firstAuthor="Cook" page="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref15168" refString="Cook, D. G. (1966) Lumbriculidae and additional notes and records of other families. In: Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Cook, D. G. Studies on North American aquatic Oligochaeta. III. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 118, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1966">Cook, 1966 p. 10</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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, 
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04336262FDDCEC6BFD31FDD1" box="[571,691,612,635]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,257,1679,1703]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,380,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-260@4.[151,1436,376,1664]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Kincaidiana hexatheca. A–C, F and I–J from the Hoh River, Washington; D–E and G–H from the type series, Washington. A–B, whole worms, with A. freidris specimens (Owyhee River, Oregon) for size comparison. C, sagittal section in an anterior segment, showing transverse (circular) muscle layer of body wall. D, head of a dissected worm. E, spermatheca from a dissected worm. F, spermatheca from a sectioned worm, showing sperm lined up along ectal end of ampulla. G–H, male pores and atria of a dissected and a sectioned worm. I–J, sections of proximal and distal parts of vas deferens; proximal to the atrium, the vas has a thick muscle coat. Scale bars: A 10 mm, B 5 mm, C 50 µm, E–H 200 µm, I–J 50 µm." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figures 2B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04336262FD59EC6BFCABFDD1" box="[702,809,612,635]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,256,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[152,1431,204,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-73@10.[151,1436,194,1876]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Altmanella freidris, atria and penial structures of worms from various sites (prostates not shown). A–B, Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada (B is a paratype). C–D, Sagehen Creek, California. E–F, Sacramento River, California. G, Malheur River, Oregon. H, Owyhee River, Oregon. I–K, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. L, Spring Creek, Oregon. Scale bars 200 µm." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5C, 5E–H</figureCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="34F5652104336268FF70ECA5FF52FD84" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7C5036AA04336262FF70ECA5FD58FD41" blockId="6.[151,1436,682,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB804336262FF70ECA5FE10FD6E" bold="true" box="[151,402,682,708]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="CC873CF704336262FE7BECA5FD58FD41" collectionCode="USNM" location="Lake Tahoe" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCode="USNM 32999" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB804336262FE7BECA5FD95FD6E" bold="true" box="[412,535,682,708]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<typeStatus id="A354880804336262FE7BECA5FD91FD6E" box="[412,531,682,708]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="BE2BF84804336262FDC7ECA5FD1CFD6E" box="[544,670,682,708]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">California</collectingRegion>
: 
<location id="7930607104336262FD4DECA5FCB8FD6E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F44687BC04336268FF70EFFBFB48F840:7930607104336262FD4DECA5FCB8FD6E" box="[682,826,682,708]" name="Lake Tahoe" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" stateProvince="California">Lake Tahoe</location>
, 
<specimenCode id="2C499ED104336262FCA0ECA5FC6DFD6E" box="[839,1007,682,708]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="Museum">USNM 32999</specimenCode>
(accession no. 260570), 2 slides of whole mounts and 1 transversely sectioned worm
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C5036AA04336262FF22ECF8FB8AFAD6" blockId="6.[151,1436,682,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB804336262FF22ECF8FE00FCBB" bold="true" box="[197,386,759,785]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Other material</emphasis>
. 
<collectingRegion id="BE2BF84804336262FE76ECF7FD8EFCB8" box="[401,524,760,786]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">California</collectingRegion>
: Mariposa Co.: Merced River at Pohono Bridge, Yosemite, 5-Oct-04, coll. S. Fend, 1 dissected. Mendocino Co.: Inglenook Fen at MacKerricher State Park near Fort Bragg, 2-Jul-05, coll. S. Fend, 3 whole mounts. 
<collectingRegion id="BE2BF84804336262FE2DED4AFDA1FCF5" box="[458,547,837,863]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nevada</collectingRegion>
Co.: Mason Fen, Sagehen Creek, 15-Jul-05, coll. S. Fend, 4 whole mounts. Placer Co.: Lake Tahoe, coll. S. Fend, 2 whole mounts. Shasta Co.: Sacramento River at Balls Ferry 21-Oct- 96, coll. S. Fend, 2 whole mounts. Tehama Co.: Sacramento River at Bend 13-May-01, coll. S. Fend, 19 whole mounts, 4 dissected, 1 sectioned. 26-May-02, 9 whole mounts, 4 dissected. 
<collectingRegion id="BE2BF84804336262FBB5EDB6FB2CFC79" box="[1106,1198,953,979]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Oregon</collectingRegion>
: Douglas Co.: lower Cow Creek, 29-Oct-04, coll. 
<collectionCode id="1AFEAE6F04336262FE09EDEFFD87FC50" box="[494,517,992,1018]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">R</collectionCode>
. Wisseman, 2 whole mounts. Jackson Co.: Rogue River at Gold Hill, 28-Apr- 04, coll. S. Fend, 1 whole mount. Klamath Co.: Mountain Lion Spring, 13-Jan-92, coll. 
<collectionCode id="1AFEAE6F04336262FB71EA09FB2FFB8A" box="[1174,1197,1030,1056]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">R</collectionCode>
. Wisseman, 1 whole mount. Klamath River above Malone Dam, 2-Sep-99, coll. 
<collectionCode id="1AFEAE6F04336262FC8FEA22FCFDFBED" box="[872,895,1069,1095]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">R</collectionCode>
. Wisseman, 1 whole mount. Spring Creek at Williamson River, 23-Jun-08, coll. J. Carter, 4 whole mounts. Upper Klamath Lake, 18-Apr-06, coll. J. Kuwabara, 7 whole mounts, 1 dissected. 31-May-06, 2 dissected, 6 whole mounts. 2-May-07, 4 dissected. Upper Klamath Lake, 1-May-08, coll. S. Fend, 21 whole mounts, 4 dissected. Lake Co.: Coyote Spring, Sycan Marsh, 22-Jun-01, coll. S. Fend, 7 whole mounts. Malheur Co.: Malheur River at Bohna, 24-Mar-03, coll. D. Gustafson, 1 whole mount, 1 dissected. Owyhee River at Birch Creek, 25-Mar-03, coll. D. Gustafson, 4 whole mounts, 2 dissected. Owyhee River at Rome, 26-Mar-03, coll. D. Gustafson, 4 whole mounts, 5 dissected, 2 sectioned. Owyhee River at Snively Hot Spring, 23-Mar-03, coll. D. Gustafson, 1 whole mount, 2 dissected. Succor Creek at State Park, 25-Mar-03, coll. D. Gustafson, 1 whole mount.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C5036AA04336262FF22EB87FF45F921" blockId="6.[151,1436,682,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB804336262FF22EB87FD8CFA08" bold="true" box="[197,526,1416,1442]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Supplemental description.</emphasis>
Length of preserved worms 12 (5–22) mm; segments 55 (22–102); diameter 0.39 (0.19–0.56) mm in X, maximum diameter to 
<quantity id="BB179B4F04336262FD09EBBFFCDAFA60" box="[750,856,1456,1482]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.64">0.64 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04336262FC8FEBBFFC77FA60" box="[872,1013,1456,1482]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,257,1679,1703]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,380,1658]" captionTargetId="figure-260@4.[151,1436,376,1664]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Kincaidiana hexatheca. A–C, F and I–J from the Hoh River, Washington; D–E and G–H from the type series, Washington. A–B, whole worms, with A. freidris specimens (Owyhee River, Oregon) for size comparison. C, sagittal section in an anterior segment, showing transverse (circular) muscle layer of body wall. D, head of a dissected worm. E, spermatheca from a dissected worm. F, spermatheca from a sectioned worm, showing sperm lined up along ectal end of ampulla. G–H, male pores and atria of a dissected and a sectioned worm. I–J, sections of proximal and distal parts of vas deferens; proximal to the atrium, the vas has a thick muscle coat. Scale bars: A 10 mm, B 5 mm, C 50 µm, E–H 200 µm, I–J 50 µm." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 2A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04336262FBE4EBBFFBCFFA60" box="[1027,1101,1456,1482]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,256,1332,1356]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,262,1313]" captionTargetId="figure-349@8.[151,1436,252,1321]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Altmanella freidris. A from the Sacrmento River, California; B from the Owyhee River, eastern Oregon; C–D from Sycan Marsh, Oregon. A–B, anterior ends of whole worms with extended penes. C–D, anterior part of two nephridia, showing preseptal funnel, postseptal expansion, and ectal duct with small vesicle (oriented with worm facing right). Scale bars: A–B 500 µm, C–D 100 µm." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3A–B</figureCitation>
). Low values for length and segment number are from the Upper Klamath Lake population; regional summaries of these and other selected measurements are given in 
<tableCitation id="316D031104336262FDB6EBF2FD2FF9BD" box="[593,685,1533,1559]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,240,267,291]" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of A. freidris and A. idahoensis from various locations. Values are means (first line), ranges (second line), and number of observations (in parentheses)." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Chaetae simple-pointed, sigmoid; length 98 (74–122) µm in clitellar region, 94 (67–116) µm posteriorly; nodulus approximately 1/3 the distance from tip (0.25–0.54). Pharynx with ventral wall thin; dorsally thickened in I– 
<collectionCode id="1AFEAE6F04336262FCCFE844FCBFF9CF" box="[808,829,1611,1637]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">II</collectionCode>
. Pharyngeal glands usually in 
<collectionCode id="1AFEAE6F04336262FB43E844FB46F9CF" box="[1188,1220,1611,1637]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IV</collectionCode>
– 
<collectionCode id="1AFEAE6F04336262FB34E844FB71F9CF" box="[1235,1267,1611,1637]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">VI</collectionCode>
, sometimes to 
<collectionCode id="1AFEAE6F04336262FF70E87EFF41F921" box="[151,195,1649,1675]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">VII</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C5036AA04336262FF22E897FCE7F830" blockId="6.[151,1436,682,2023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
First nephridia usually paired on 6/7; second pair usually on 11/12; nephridia occur irregularly (approximately every third to fourth segment) in posterior segments. Each nephridium with small anteseptal funnel, an ovate postseptal expansion (length about 60 µm, diameter 30–40 µm), and a long, convoluted duct (10–16 µm wide) that may pass through anterior or posterior segments ventral to the gut, terminating in a short duct to a nephropore anterior to the ventral chaetae. Ectal ducts widen slightly at the nephropore, forming a small vesicle 26–70 µm long by 17–38 µm wide; vesicle differs from tubule in having regular, densely packed lining cells and a distinct lumen (
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04336262FD30E98FFCDBF830" box="[727,857,1920,1946]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,256,1332,1356]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,262,1313]" captionTargetId="figure-349@8.[151,1436,252,1321]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Altmanella freidris. A from the Sacrmento River, California; B from the Owyhee River, eastern Oregon; C–D from Sycan Marsh, Oregon. A–B, anterior ends of whole worms with extended penes. C–D, anterior part of two nephridia, showing preseptal funnel, postseptal expansion, and ectal duct with small vesicle (oriented with worm facing right). Scale bars: A–B 500 µm, C–D 100 µm." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3C–D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C5036AA04336263FF22E9A9FCE7FF72" blockId="6.[151,1436,682,2023]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,152,216]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
One pair of thick, convoluted commissural blood vessels in 
<collectionCode id="1AFEAE6F04336262FC72E9A9FC2BF86A" box="[917,937,1958,1984]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">II</collectionCode>
– 
<collectionCode id="1AFEAE6F04336262FC5DE9A9FC59F86A" box="[954,987,1958,1984]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IX</collectionCode>
; those in 
<collectionCode id="1AFEAE6F04336262FBA9E9A9FB03F86A" box="[1102,1153,1958,1984]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">VIII</collectionCode>
and 
<collectionCode id="1AFEAE6F04336262FB5BE9A9FB59F86A" box="[1212,1243,1958,1984]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">IX</collectionCode>
usually thinner, and may form short posterior loops into sperm and egg sacs; lateral blood vessels absent posteriorly. Perivisceral sinus and chloragogen begin in about 
<collectionCode id="1AFEAE6F04326263FCE4EE97FCB3FF18" box="[771,817,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">VII</collectionCode>
; a variably-developed dorsointestinal blood vessel usually present underneath the more prominent dorsal vessel.
</paragraph>
<caption id="2890662204326263FF70EF04FC8DFEEF" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[151,240,267,291]">
<paragraph id="7C5036AA04326263FF70EF04FC8DFEEF" blockId="7.[151,1435,267,325]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB804326263FF70EF04FE89FE89" bold="true" box="[151,267,267,291]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Measurements of 
<taxonomicName id="BBEF4D2904326263FE31EF03FDC0FE89" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="1966" box="[470,578,268,291]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Kincaidiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="freidris">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB804326263FE31EF03FDC0FE89" box="[470,578,268,291]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. freidris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="BBEF4D2904326263FD9EEF03FC89FE89" authorityName="Fend" authorityYear="2009" box="[633,779,268,291]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Altmanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="idahoensis">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB804326263FD9EEF03FC89FE89" box="[633,779,268,291]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. idahoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from various locations. Values are means (first line), ranges (second line), and number of observations (in parentheses).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7C5036AA04326263FE98EF93FA16F9CD" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<table id="0EEFC40A04329D9BFF78EF68FA16F9CD" box="[159,1428,359,1639]" gridcols="8" gridrows="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78EF68FA16FE41" box="[159,1428,359,491]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFE98EF68FE76FE41" box="[383,500,359,491]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Number of segments</th>
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFDE9EF68FD1FFE41" box="[526,669,359,491]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Width in X (mm)</th>
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFD51EF68FCC3FE41" box="[694,833,359,491]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Penial structure length (internal) (um)</th>
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFCB7EF68FC58FE41" box="[848,986,359,491]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Total atrium length, excluding penial stricture (um)</th>
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFC0EEF68FBC5FE41" box="[1001,1095,359,491]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Atrial muscle thickness (um)</th>
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFB9EEF68FB79FE41" box="[1145,1275,359,491]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spermathecal vestibule length (um)</th>
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFAF5EF68FA16FE41" box="[1298,1428,359,491]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spermathecal duct length (um)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78EFF5FA16FDA5" box="[159,1428,506,527]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFF78EFF5FA16FDA5" box="[159,1428,506,527]" colspan="8" colspanRight="7" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="BBEF4D2904326263FF78EFF5FED8FDA5" baseAuthorityName="Cook" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[159,346,506,527]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Altmanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="freidris">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB804326263FF78EFF5FED8FDA5" bold="true" box="[159,346,506,527]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Altmanella freidris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78EC2DFA16FD9D" box="[159,1428,546,567]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFF78EC2DFEE8FD9D" box="[159,362,546,567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Eastern Oregon:</th>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFE98EC2DFE76FD9D" box="[383,500,546,567]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">60</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFDE9EC2DFD1FFD9D" box="[526,669,546,567]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.39</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFD51EC2DFCC3FD9D" box="[694,833,546,567]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">177</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFCB7EC2DFC58FD9D" box="[848,986,546,567]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">736</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFC0EEC2DFBC5FD9D" box="[1001,1095,546,567]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">6</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFB9EEC2DFB79FD9D" box="[1145,1275,546,567]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">185</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFAF5EC2DFA16FD9D" box="[1298,1428,546,567]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">245</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78EC4FFA16FD25" box="[159,1428,576,655]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFF78EC4FFEE8FD25" box="[159,362,576,655]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Owyhee-Malheur rivers (lower Snake drainage)</th>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFE98EC4FFE76FD25" box="[383,500,576,655]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">44–72 (13)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFDE9EC4FFD1FFD25" box="[526,669,576,655]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.29–0.49 (19)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFD51EC4FFCC3FD25" box="[694,833,576,655]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">120–260 (21)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFCB7EC4FFC58FD25" box="[848,986,576,655]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">525–1035 (22)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFC0EEC4FFBC5FD25" box="[1001,1095,576,655]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3–10 (21)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFB9EEC4FFB79FD25" box="[1145,1275,576,655]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">135–230 (22)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFAF5EC4FFA16FD25" box="[1298,1428,576,655]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">170–320 (22)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78ECADFA16FD1D" box="[159,1428,674,695]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFF78ECADFEE8FD1D" box="[159,362,674,695]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Southern Oregon:</th>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFE98ECADFE76FD1D" box="[383,500,674,695]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">63</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFDE9ECADFD1FFD1D" box="[526,669,674,695]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.40</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFD51ECADFCC3FD1D" box="[694,833,674,695]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">296</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFCB7ECADFC58FD1D" box="[848,986,674,695]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">760</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFC0EECADFBC5FD1D" box="[1001,1095,674,695]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">6.5</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFB9EECADFB79FD1D" box="[1145,1275,674,695]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">153</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFAF5ECADFA16FD1D" box="[1298,1428,674,695]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">266</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78ECCFFA16FD57" box="[159,1428,704,765]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFF78ECCFFEE8FD57" box="[159,362,704,765]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Klamath-Rogue river drainages</th>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFE98ECCFFE76FD57" box="[383,500,704,765]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">57–81 (7)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFDE9ECCFFD1FFD57" box="[526,669,704,765]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.31–0.48 (11)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFD51ECCFFCC3FD57" box="[694,833,704,765]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">150–435 (13)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFCB7ECCFFC58FD57" box="[848,986,704,765]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">505–1005 (13)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFC0EECCFFBC5FD57" box="[1001,1095,704,765]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5–11 (13)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFB9EECCFFB79FD57" box="[1145,1275,704,765]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">110–205 (13)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFAF5ECCFFA16FD57" box="[1298,1428,704,765]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">170–350 (9)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78ED1FFA16FC8F" box="[159,1428,784,805]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFF78ED1FFEE8FC8F" box="[159,362,784,805]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Southern Oregon:</th>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFE98ED1FFE76FC8F" box="[383,500,784,805]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">29</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFDE9ED1FFD1FFC8F" box="[526,669,784,805]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.40</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFD51ED1FFCC3FC8F" box="[694,833,784,805]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">211</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFCB7ED1FFC58FC8F" box="[848,986,784,805]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">487</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFC0EED1FFBC5FC8F" box="[1001,1095,784,805]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">10</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFB9EED1FFB79FC8F" box="[1145,1275,784,805]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">152</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFAF5ED1FFA16FC8F" box="[1298,1428,784,805]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">308</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78ED22FA16FCE7" box="[159,1428,813,845]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFF78ED22FEE8FCE7" box="[159,362,813,845]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Upper Klamath Lake</th>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFE98ED22FE76FCE7" box="[383,500,813,845]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">22–35 (18)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFDE9ED22FD1FFCE7" box="[526,669,813,845]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.31–0.51 (33)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFD51ED22FCC3FCE7" box="[694,833,813,845]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">130–360 (25)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFCB7ED22FC58FCE7" box="[848,986,813,845]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">340–805 (25)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFC0EED22FBC5FCE7" box="[1001,1095,813,845]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">7–12 (25)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFB9EED22FB79FCE7" box="[1145,1275,813,845]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">130–180 (14)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFAF5ED22FA16FCE7" box="[1298,1428,813,845]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">240–430 (12)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78ED6FFA16FCDF" box="[159,1428,864,885]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFF78ED6FFEE8FCDF" box="[159,362,864,885]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">California:</th>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFE98ED6FFE76FCDF" box="[383,500,864,885]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">72</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFDE9ED6FFD1FFCDF" box="[526,669,864,885]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.41</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFD51ED6FFCC3FCDF" box="[694,833,864,885]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">309</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFCB7ED6FFC58FCDF" box="[848,986,864,885]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">860</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFC0EED6FFBC5FCDF" box="[1001,1095,864,885]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">7</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFB9EED6FFB79FCDF" box="[1145,1275,864,885]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">146</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFAF5ED6FFA16FCDF" box="[1298,1428,864,885]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">244</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78ED72FA16FC10" box="[159,1428,893,954]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFF78ED72FEE8FC10" box="[159,362,893,954]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Sacramento River</th>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFE98ED72FE76FC10" box="[383,500,893,954]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">57–102 (21)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFDE9ED72FD1FFC10" box="[526,669,893,954]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.30–0.56 (40)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFD51ED72FCC3FC10" box="[694,833,893,954]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">145–530 (36)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFCB7ED72FC58FC10" box="[848,986,893,954]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">515–1330 (35)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFC0EED72FBC5FC10" box="[1001,1095,893,954]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5–11 (35)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFB9EED72FB79FC10" box="[1145,1275,893,954]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">105–200 (27)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFAF5ED72FA16FC10" box="[1298,1428,893,954]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">155–325 (27)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78EDC2FA16FC48" box="[159,1428,973,994]" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFF78EDC2FEE8FC48" box="[159,362,973,994]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">California: Sierra</th>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFE98EDC2FE76FC48" box="[383,500,973,994]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">53</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFDE9EDC2FD1FFC48" box="[526,669,973,994]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.39</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFD51EDC2FCC3FC48" box="[694,833,973,994]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">220</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFCB7EDC2FC58FC48" box="[848,986,973,994]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">483</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFC0EEDC2FBC5FC48" box="[1001,1095,973,994]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">9</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFB9EEDC2FB79FC48" box="[1145,1275,973,994]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">123</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFAF5EDC2FA16FC48" box="[1298,1428,973,994]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">192</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78EDE5FA16FBA0" box="[159,1428,1002,1034]" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFF78EDE5FEE8FBA0" box="[159,362,1002,1034]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nevada</th>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFE98EDE5FE76FBA0" box="[383,500,1002,1034]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">(1)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFDE9EDE5FD1FFBA0" box="[526,669,1002,1034]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.32–0.52 (7)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFD51EDE5FCC3FBA0" box="[694,833,1002,1034]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">140–280 (7)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFCB7EDE5FC58FBA0" box="[848,986,1002,1034]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">355–725 (7)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFC0EEDE5FBC5FBA0" box="[1001,1095,1002,1034]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4–12 (5)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFB9EEDE5FB79FBA0" box="[1145,1275,1002,1034]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">110–130 (4)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFAF5EDE5FA16FBA0" box="[1298,1428,1002,1034]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">122–265 (4)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78EA12FA16FBE5" box="[159,1428,1053,1103]" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFF78EA12FA16FBE5" box="[159,1428,1053,1103]" colspan="8" colspanRight="7" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB804326263FF78EA12FE8AFBE5" bold="true" box="[159,280,1053,1103]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Altmanellaa 
<taxonomicName id="BBEF4D2904326263FF78EA35FE8AFBE5" authorityName="Fend" authorityYear="2009" box="[159,264,1082,1103]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Altmanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="idahoensis">idahoensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78EA6DFA16FBDD" box="[159,1428,1122,1143]" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFF78EA6DFEE8FBDD" box="[159,362,1122,1143]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Northern Idaho:</th>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFE98EA6DFE76FBDD" box="[383,500,1122,1143]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">65</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFDE9EA6DFD1FFBDD" box="[526,669,1122,1143]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.33</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFD51EA6DFCC3FBDD" box="[694,833,1122,1143]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">159</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFCB7EA6DFC58FBDD" box="[848,986,1122,1143]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">242</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFC0EEA6DFBC5FBDD" box="[1001,1095,1122,1143]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFB9EEA6DFB79FBDD" box="[1145,1275,1122,1143]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">107</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFAF5EA6DFA16FBDD" box="[1298,1428,1122,1143]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">182</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78EA8FFA16FB35" box="[159,1428,1152,1183]" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFF78EA8FFEE8FB35" box="[159,362,1152,1183]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Clearwater River</th>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFE98EA8FFE76FB35" box="[383,500,1152,1183]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">60–69 (5)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFDE9EA8FFD1FFB35" box="[526,669,1152,1183]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.25–0.4 (14)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFD51EA8FFCC3FB35" box="[694,833,1152,1183]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">88–282 (11)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFCB7EA8FFC58FB35" box="[848,986,1152,1183]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">118–315 (11)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFC0EEA8FFBC5FB35" box="[1001,1095,1152,1183]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1–2 (11)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFB9EEA8FFB79FB35" box="[1145,1275,1152,1183]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">74–155 (11)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFAF5EA8FFA16FB35" box="[1298,1428,1152,1183]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">96–250 (11)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78EABDFA16FB6D" box="[159,1428,1202,1223]" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFF78EABDFEE8FB6D" box="[159,362,1202,1223]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Southeastern Idaho:</th>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFE98EABDFE76FB6D" box="[383,500,1202,1223]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">61</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFDE9EABDFD1FFB6D" box="[526,669,1202,1223]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.38</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFD51EABDFCC3FB6D" box="[694,833,1202,1223]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">106</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFCB7EABDFC58FB6D" box="[848,986,1202,1223]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">248</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFC0EEABDFBC5FB6D" box="[1001,1095,1202,1223]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFB9EEABDFB79FB6D" box="[1145,1275,1202,1223]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">113</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFAF5EABDFA16FB6D" box="[1298,1428,1202,1223]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">152</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78EADFFA16FAA8" box="[159,1428,1232,1282]" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFF78EADFFEE8FAA8" box="[159,362,1232,1282]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">upper Snake River drainage</th>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFE98EADFFE76FAA8" box="[383,500,1232,1282]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">46–104 (27)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFDE9EADFFD1FFAA8" box="[526,669,1232,1282]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.28–0.52 (50)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFD51EADFFCC3FAA8" box="[694,833,1232,1282]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">62–190 (46)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFCB7EADFFC58FAA8" box="[848,986,1232,1282]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">146–360 (42)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFC0EEADFFBC5FAA8" box="[1001,1095,1232,1282]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1–3 (44)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFB9EEADFFB79FAA8" box="[1145,1275,1232,1282]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">85–160 (38)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFAF5EADFFA16FAA8" box="[1298,1428,1232,1282]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">59–265 (38)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78EB1AFA16FA80" box="[159,1428,1301,1322]" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFF78EB1AFEE8FA80" box="[159,362,1301,1322]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Utah: Logan River</th>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFE98EB1AFE76FA80" box="[383,500,1301,1322]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">47</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFDE9EB1AFD1FFA80" box="[526,669,1301,1322]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.38</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFD51EB1AFCC3FA80" box="[694,833,1301,1322]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">113</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFCB7EB1AFC58FA80" box="[848,986,1301,1322]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">198</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFC0EEB1AFBC5FA80" box="[1001,1095,1301,1322]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFB9EEB1AFB79FA80" box="[1145,1275,1301,1322]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">118</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFAF5EB1AFA16FA80" box="[1298,1428,1301,1322]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">154</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78EB3DFA16FAF8" box="[159,1428,1330,1362]" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFF78EB3DFEE8FAF8" box="[159,362,1330,1362]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">and American Fork</th>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFE98EB3DFE76FAF8" box="[383,500,1330,1362]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">36–60 (6)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFDE9EB3DFD1FFAF8" box="[526,669,1330,1362]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.29–0.53 (15)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFD51EB3DFCC3FAF8" box="[694,833,1330,1362]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">58–197 (15)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFCB7EB3DFC58FAF8" box="[848,986,1330,1362]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">97–400 (15)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFC0EEB3DFBC5FAF8" box="[1001,1095,1330,1362]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1–2 (15)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFB9EEB3DFB79FAF8" box="[1145,1275,1330,1362]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">90–155 (15)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFAF5EB3DFA16FAF8" box="[1298,1428,1330,1362]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">110–190 (14)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78EB6AFA16FAD0" box="[159,1428,1381,1402]" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFF78EB6AFEE8FAD0" box="[159,362,1381,1402]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">northern Nevada:</th>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFE98EB6AFE76FAD0" box="[383,500,1381,1402]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">50</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFDE9EB6AFD1FFAD0" box="[526,669,1381,1402]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.33</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFD51EB6AFCC3FAD0" box="[694,833,1381,1402]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">141</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFCB7EB6AFC58FAD0" box="[848,986,1381,1402]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">190</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFC0EEB6AFBC5FAD0" box="[1001,1095,1381,1402]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFB9EEB6AFB79FAD0" box="[1145,1275,1381,1402]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">109</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFAF5EB6AFA16FAD0" box="[1298,1428,1381,1402]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">128</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78EB8DFA16FA1F" box="[159,1428,1410,1461]" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFF78EB8DFEE8FA1F" box="[159,362,1410,1461]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bruneau–Mary's rivers</th>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFE98EB8DFE76FA1F" box="[383,500,1410,1461]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">40–60 (2)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFDE9EB8DFD1FFA1F" box="[526,669,1410,1461]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.28–0.44 (5)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFD51EB8DFCC3FA1F" box="[694,833,1410,1461]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">122–173 (5)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFCB7EB8DFC58FA1F" box="[848,986,1410,1461]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">138–252 (5)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFC0EEB8DFBC5FA1F" box="[1001,1095,1410,1461]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2–3 (5)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFB9EEB8DFB79FA1F" box="[1145,1275,1410,1461]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">98–120 (5)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFAF5EB8DFA16FA1F" box="[1298,1428,1410,1461]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">90–190 (5)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78EBC7FA16FA77" box="[159,1428,1480,1501]" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFF78EBC7FEE8FA77" box="[159,362,1480,1501]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Oregon: Spring</th>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFE98EBC7FE76FA77" box="[383,500,1480,1501]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">59</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFDE9EBC7FD1FFA77" box="[526,669,1480,1501]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.46</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFD51EBC7FCC3FA77" box="[694,833,1480,1501]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">133</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFCB7EBC7FC58FA77" box="[848,986,1480,1501]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">455</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFC0EEBC7FBC5FA77" box="[1001,1095,1480,1501]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">6</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFB9EEBC7FB79FA77" box="[1145,1275,1480,1501]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">120</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFAF5EBC7FA16FA77" box="[1298,1428,1480,1501]" gridcol="7" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">276</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78EBEAFA16F9BD" box="[159,1428,1509,1559]" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFF78EBEAFEE8F9BD" box="[159,362,1509,1559]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Creek (Klamath River drainage)</th>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFE98EBEAFE76F9BD" box="[383,500,1509,1559]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">52–65 (12)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFDE9EBEAFD1FF9BD" box="[526,669,1509,1559]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.39–0.56 (12)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFD51EBEAFCC3F9BD" box="[694,833,1509,1559]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">100–156 (14)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFCB7EBEAFC58F9BD" box="[848,986,1509,1559]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">300–625 (12)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFC0EEBEAFBC5F9BD" box="[1001,1095,1509,1559]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2–7 (10)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFB9EEBEAFB79F9BD" box="[1145,1275,1509,1559]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">95–145 (9)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFAF5EBEAFA16F9BD" box="[1298,1428,1509,1559]" gridcol="7" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">250–310 (6)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78E825FA16F995" box="[159,1428,1578,1599]" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFF78E825FEE8F995" box="[159,362,1578,1599]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">California:</th>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFE98E825FE76F995" box="[383,500,1578,1599]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">76</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFDE9E825FD1FF995" box="[526,669,1578,1599]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.32</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFD51E825FCC3F995" box="[694,833,1578,1599]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">189</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFCB7E825FC58F995" box="[848,986,1578,1599]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">233</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFC0EE825FBC5F995" box="[1001,1095,1578,1599]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFB9EE825FB79F995" box="[1145,1275,1578,1599]" gridcol="6" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">114</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFAF5E825FA16F995" box="[1298,1428,1578,1599]" gridcol="7" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">181</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C2DF34E804329D9BFF78E847FA16F9CD" box="[159,1428,1608,1639]" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<th id="810E5D9404329D9BFF78E847FEE8F9CD" box="[159,362,1608,1639]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Sacramento River</th>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFE98E847FE76F9CD" box="[383,500,1608,1639]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">62–93 (12)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFDE9E847FD1FF9CD" box="[526,669,1608,1639]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.26–0.45 (21)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFD51E847FCC3F9CD" box="[694,833,1608,1639]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">143–240 (16)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFCB7E847FC58F9CD" box="[848,986,1608,1639]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">165–382 (18)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFC0EE847FBC5F9CD" box="[1001,1095,1608,1639]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1–3 (18)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFB9EE847FB79F9CD" box="[1145,1275,1608,1639]" gridcol="6" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">90–145 (17)</td>
<td id="810E5D9404329D9BFAF5E847FA16F9CD" box="[1298,1428,1608,1639]" gridcol="7" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">120–265 (18)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C5036AA0432626CFF22E8BEFF6CFF72" blockId="7.[151,1436,1713,2010]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,152,216]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Spermathecae usually extend back into X, but may terminate in any segment from 
<collectionCode id="1AFEAE6F04326263FB78E8BEFB3DF961" box="[1183,1215,1713,1739]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">IX</collectionCode>
–XI. Spermathecal ampulla usually elongate-ovate, mean length 285 µm, mean width 150 µm (
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04326263FBF0E8D7FBE3F958" box="[1047,1121,1752,1778]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,256,1957,1981]" captionTargetBox="[206,1389,197,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-46@9.[202,1389,197,1922]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Altmanella freidris reproductive structures in segments VIII–IX; all worms facing right. A, Sacramento River, California. B, Owyhee River, eastern Oregon. C, Sycan Marsh, southern Oregon. Scale bar 200 µm." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). A very thin muscle layer surrounds the ampulla; the epithelium is usually very thick (20–50 µm) and vacuolated except at the ectal end, where it is thin (about 10 µm) and cuboidal (
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04326263FD0FE92AFCF5F895" box="[744,887,1829,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,259,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[253,1339,195,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-124@11.[253,1340,194,1798]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Altmanella freidris. A–B, E–F, I–K, Owyhee River, Oregon; C, H Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada (paratype); D, G, Sacramento River, California. A, ectal part of spermathecal ampulla joining the duct. B, ental part of ampulla, showing vacuolated cells with sperm. C, atrial ampulla in transverse and sagittal view. D, sagittal section of atrial ampulla. E, oblique-sagittal section of atrial ampulla, showing muscle layer. F, transverse section of atrial ampulla. G, atrial ampulla with vas deferens embedded in muscle wall. H, internal part of penial structure. I, penial structure with retracted penis. J, an extruded penis. K, transverse section of a penial structure. Scale bars 50 µm." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6A–B</figureCitation>
). Sperm loosely distributed throughout or concentrated in the ectal half; vacuoles of epithelium usually appear to contain sperm cells (
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04326263FB17E943FAD8F8CC" box="[1264,1370,1868,1894]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,256,1957,1981]" captionTargetBox="[206,1389,197,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-46@9.[202,1389,197,1922]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Altmanella freidris reproductive structures in segments VIII–IX; all worms facing right. A, Sacramento River, California. B, Owyhee River, eastern Oregon. C, Sycan Marsh, southern Oregon. Scale bar 200 µm." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 4B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04326263FA8FE943FA0CF8CC" box="[1384,1422,1868,1894]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,259,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[253,1339,195,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-124@11.[253,1340,194,1798]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Altmanella freidris. A–B, E–F, I–K, Owyhee River, Oregon; C, H Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada (paratype); D, G, Sacramento River, California. A, ectal part of spermathecal ampulla joining the duct. B, ental part of ampulla, showing vacuolated cells with sperm. C, atrial ampulla in transverse and sagittal view. D, sagittal section of atrial ampulla. E, oblique-sagittal section of atrial ampulla, showing muscle layer. F, transverse section of atrial ampulla. G, atrial ampulla with vas deferens embedded in muscle wall. H, internal part of penial structure. I, penial structure with retracted penis. J, an extruded penis. K, transverse section of a penial structure. Scale bars 50 µm." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">6B</figureCitation>
). Spermathecal duct distinct, tubular, length 250 (105–360) µm; diameter at middle 20 (15–32) µm. Duct formed of tightly packed, regular epithelium, surrounded by a distinct layer of transverse-circular muscles, about 2–4 µm thick. The duct terminates in a narrow, cylindrical vestibule, length 156 (60–230) µm, width 45 (22–70) µm; histology of the vestibule similar to that of the duct. Spermathecal pore may be on a slight papilla.
</paragraph>
<caption id="28906622043D626CFF70EB3BFD06FA19" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[151,256,1332,1356]" targetBox="[155,1433,262,1313]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="7C5036AA043D626CFF70EB3BFD06FA19" blockId="8.[151,1436,1332,1460]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB8043D626CFF70EB3BFE96FAE6" bold="true" box="[151,276,1332,1356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB8043D626CFEC3EB3AFE78FAE6" box="[292,506,1333,1356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="BBEF4D29043D626CFEC3EB3AFE77FAE6" baseAuthorityName="Cook" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[292,501,1333,1356]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Altmanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="freidris">Altmanella freidris</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A from the Sacrmento River, California; B from the Owyhee River, eastern Oregon; C–D from Sycan Marsh, Oregon. A–B, anterior ends of whole worms with extended penes. C–D, anterior part of two nephridia, showing preseptal funnel, postseptal expansion, and ectal duct with small vesicle (oriented with worm facing right). Scale bars: A–B 500 µm, C–D 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7C5036AA043D626CFF22EBEDFCD7F93C" blockId="8.[151,1436,1506,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Male funnels on 8/9, directed forward into 
<collectionCode id="1AFEAE6F043D626CFD2FEBEDFD79FA56" box="[712,763,1506,1532]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">VIII</collectionCode>
or back into sperm sacs; occasionally extending back to mid-IX. Funnels about 100 µm wide, not very convoluted. Vasa deferentia relatively short and thick (about as thick as the atrial duct); length about 500 µm; width 21 (15–28) µm; ciliated. Vasa do not penetrate the posterior septum; they penetrate the atrial muscle layer near the ectal end of the ampulla, run under the muscle, and enter the atrial lumen subapically (
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F043D626CFD27E873FC96F93C" box="[704,788,1660,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,256,1957,1981]" captionTargetBox="[206,1389,197,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-46@9.[202,1389,197,1922]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Altmanella freidris reproductive structures in segments VIII–IX; all worms facing right. A, Sacramento River, California. B, Owyhee River, eastern Oregon. C, Sycan Marsh, southern Oregon. Scale bar 200 µm." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F043D626CFCC7E873FCC5F93C" box="[800,839,1660,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,259,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[253,1339,195,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-124@11.[253,1340,194,1798]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Altmanella freidris. A–B, E–F, I–K, Owyhee River, Oregon; C, H Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada (paratype); D, G, Sacramento River, California. A, ectal part of spermathecal ampulla joining the duct. B, ental part of ampulla, showing vacuolated cells with sperm. C, atrial ampulla in transverse and sagittal view. D, sagittal section of atrial ampulla. E, oblique-sagittal section of atrial ampulla, showing muscle layer. F, transverse section of atrial ampulla. G, atrial ampulla with vas deferens embedded in muscle wall. H, internal part of penial structure. I, penial structure with retracted penis. J, an extruded penis. K, transverse section of a penial structure. Scale bars 50 µm." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">6G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C5036AA043D626CFF22E8ACFC3AF859" blockId="8.[151,1436,1506,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Atria usually pass through septum 8/9 into 
<collectionCode id="1AFEAE6F043D626CFD2EE8ACFD69F917" box="[713,747,1699,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">IX</collectionCode>
, but may extend forward to 
<collectionCode id="1AFEAE6F043D626CFBDAE8ACFBE4F917" box="[1085,1126,1699,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">VII</collectionCode>
or back as far as X. Atria have a long duct (length 350 [140–750] µm, width 29 [18–38] µm) and elongate- cylindrical ampulla (length 370 [180–700] µm, width 64 [41– 86] µm) (
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F043D626CFD48E8FEFC86F8A1" box="[687,772,1777,1803]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,256,1957,1981]" captionTargetBox="[206,1389,197,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-46@9.[202,1389,197,1922]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Altmanella freidris reproductive structures in segments VIII–IX; all worms facing right. A, Sacramento River, California. B, Owyhee River, eastern Oregon. C, Sycan Marsh, southern Oregon. Scale bar 200 µm." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F043D626CFCF5E8FEFCA1F8A1" box="[786,803,1777,1803]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,256,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[152,1431,204,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-73@10.[151,1436,194,1876]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Altmanella freidris, atria and penial structures of worms from various sites (prostates not shown). A–B, Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada (B is a paratype). C–D, Sagehen Creek, California. E–F, Sacramento River, California. G, Malheur River, Oregon. H, Owyhee River, Oregon. I–K, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. L, Spring Creek, Oregon. Scale bars 200 µm." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5</figureCitation>
). Atrial epithelium of cuboidal to slightly columnar, ciliated cells; at maturity the epithelial cells appear granular and weakly defined; lumen usually narrow, diameter 11 (5–25) µm. Atrial muscle layer distinct, 7 (4–12) µm thick in ampulla, with fibers arranged in a longitudinal outer layer, surrounding a thin (1 µm), circular layer (
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F043D626CFC49E96BFBAEF8D4" box="[942,1068,1892,1918]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,259,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[253,1339,195,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-124@11.[253,1340,194,1798]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Altmanella freidris. A–B, E–F, I–K, Owyhee River, Oregon; C, H Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada (paratype); D, G, Sacramento River, California. A, ectal part of spermathecal ampulla joining the duct. B, ental part of ampulla, showing vacuolated cells with sperm. C, atrial ampulla in transverse and sagittal view. D, sagittal section of atrial ampulla. E, oblique-sagittal section of atrial ampulla, showing muscle layer. F, transverse section of atrial ampulla. G, atrial ampulla with vas deferens embedded in muscle wall. H, internal part of penial structure. I, penial structure with retracted penis. J, an extruded penis. K, transverse section of a penial structure. Scale bars 50 µm." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6C–F</figureCitation>
). Prostate glands loosely cover the ampullar portion in distinct, pyriform bundles of up to about 20 cells, 40–80 µm long. Ampulla gradually narrows to form the duct, which (in addition to being about half the diameter) is distinguished from the ampulla by the thin (1–2 µm) muscle layer and absence of prostates.
</paragraph>
<caption id="28906622043C626DFF70E9AAFA85F875" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[151,256,1957,1981]" targetBox="[206,1389,197,1919]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="7C5036AA043C626DFF70E9AAFA85F875" blockId="9.[151,1436,1957,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB8043C626DFF70E9AAFE9EF817" bold="true" box="[151,284,1957,1981]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBEF4D29043C626DFEC3E9AAFE76F816" baseAuthorityName="Cook" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[292,500,1957,1980]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Altmanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="freidris">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB8043C626DFEC3E9AAFE76F816" box="[292,500,1957,1980]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Altmanella freidris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reproductive structures in segments VIII–IX; all worms facing right. A, Sacramento River, California. B, Owyhee River, eastern Oregon. C, Sycan Marsh, southern Oregon. Scale bar 200 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="28906622043F626EFF70E963FEA1F841" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[151,256,1900,1924]" targetBox="[152,1431,204,1873]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="7C5036AA043F626EFF70E963FEA1F841" blockId="10.[151,1436,1900,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB8043F626EFF70E963FE9FF82E" bold="true" box="[151,285,1900,1924]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBEF4D29043F626EFEC3E963FE76F829" baseAuthorityName="Cook" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[292,500,1900,1923]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Altmanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="freidris">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB8043F626EFEC3E963FE76F829" box="[292,500,1900,1923]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Altmanella freidris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, atria and penial structures of worms from various sites (prostates not shown). A–B, Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada (B is a paratype). C–D, Sagehen Creek, California. E–F, Sacramento River, California. G, Malheur River, Oregon. H, Owyhee River, Oregon. I–K, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. L, Spring Creek, Oregon. Scale bars 200 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="28906622043E626FFF70E92FFB25F84F" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[151,259,1824,1848]" targetBox="[253,1339,195,1798]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="7C5036AA043E626FFF70E92FFB25F84F" blockId="11.[151,1437,1824,2021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB8043E626FFF70E92FFE9BF892" bold="true" box="[151,281,1824,1848]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="BBEF4D29043E626FFECCE92EFD87F892" baseAuthorityName="Cook" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[299,517,1825,1848]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Altmanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="freidris">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB8043E626FFECCE92EFD87F892" box="[299,517,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Altmanella freidris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A–B, E–F, I–K, Owyhee River, Oregon; C, H Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada (paratype); D, G, Sacramento River, California. A, ectal part of spermathecal ampulla joining the duct. B, ental part of ampulla, showing vacuolated cells with sperm. C, atrial ampulla in transverse and sagittal view. D, sagittal section of atrial ampulla. E, oblique-sagittal section of atrial ampulla, showing muscle layer. F, transverse section of atrial ampulla. G, atrial ampulla with vas deferens embedded in muscle wall. H, internal part of penial structure. I, penial structure with retracted penis. J, an extruded penis. K, transverse section of a penial structure. Scale bars 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7C5036AA04396268FF22EE97FF52FD84" blockId="12.[151,1436,152,2026]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Atrial duct gradually expands at its ectal end, forming a slightly tapered, elongate penial structure, 260 (130–530) µm tall by 65 (48–89) µm wide (length about 4 times width) when penes are not extended (
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04396268FAA3EEB1FA15FF72" box="[1348,1431,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,256,1957,1981]" captionTargetBox="[206,1389,197,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-46@9.[202,1389,197,1922]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Altmanella freidris reproductive structures in segments VIII–IX; all worms facing right. A, Sacramento River, California. B, Owyhee River, eastern Oregon. C, Sycan Marsh, southern Oregon. Scale bar 200 µm." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04396268FF70EEEAFF25FF55" box="[151,167,229,255]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,256,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[152,1431,204,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-73@10.[151,1436,194,1876]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Altmanella freidris, atria and penial structures of worms from various sites (prostates not shown). A–B, Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada (B is a paratype). C–D, Sagehen Creek, California. E–F, Sacramento River, California. G, Malheur River, Oregon. H, Owyhee River, Oregon. I–K, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. L, Spring Creek, Oregon. Scale bars 200 µm." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">5</figureCitation>
); dimensions of the internal penial structure highly variable within populations, appearing slightly reduced after extension. Penial structure surrounded by a thick 7 (4–10 µm) outer layer of longitudinal muscle fibers and a thin (1–2 µm) inner layer of circular-transverse fibers (
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04396268FCB8EF3DFC61FEE6" box="[863,995,306,332]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,259,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[253,1339,195,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-124@11.[253,1340,194,1798]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Altmanella freidris. A–B, E–F, I–K, Owyhee River, Oregon; C, H Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada (paratype); D, G, Sacramento River, California. A, ectal part of spermathecal ampulla joining the duct. B, ental part of ampulla, showing vacuolated cells with sperm. C, atrial ampulla in transverse and sagittal view. D, sagittal section of atrial ampulla. E, oblique-sagittal section of atrial ampulla, showing muscle layer. F, transverse section of atrial ampulla. G, atrial ampulla with vas deferens embedded in muscle wall. H, internal part of penial structure. I, penial structure with retracted penis. J, an extruded penis. K, transverse section of a penial structure. Scale bars 50 µm." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 6H–K</figureCitation>
). Epithelial cells elongate, with basal nuclei and indistinct boundaries, surrounding a narrow (about 10 µm) lumen, which may be indistinct and irregular (
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04396268FEEBEF71FEDDFE32" box="[268,351,382,408]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,259,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[253,1339,195,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-124@11.[253,1340,194,1798]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Altmanella freidris. A–B, E–F, I–K, Owyhee River, Oregon; C, H Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada (paratype); D, G, Sacramento River, California. A, ectal part of spermathecal ampulla joining the duct. B, ental part of ampulla, showing vacuolated cells with sperm. C, atrial ampulla in transverse and sagittal view. D, sagittal section of atrial ampulla. E, oblique-sagittal section of atrial ampulla, showing muscle layer. F, transverse section of atrial ampulla. G, atrial ampulla with vas deferens embedded in muscle wall. H, internal part of penial structure. I, penial structure with retracted penis. J, an extruded penis. K, transverse section of a penial structure. Scale bars 50 µm." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 6I</figureCitation>
). Penes of preserved worms usually at least partially extended; external portion to over 200 µm (mean 125 µm) long, cylindrical with slightly expanded tip, usually curved or bent forward. Penes apparently formed by extrusion of epithelial cell extensions into a narrow tube (which appears to have a thin cuticular lining) (
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04396268FE8EEFE1FE43FDA2" box="[361,449,494,520]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,259,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[253,1339,195,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-124@11.[253,1340,194,1798]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Altmanella freidris. A–B, E–F, I–K, Owyhee River, Oregon; C, H Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada (paratype); D, G, Sacramento River, California. A, ectal part of spermathecal ampulla joining the duct. B, ental part of ampulla, showing vacuolated cells with sperm. C, atrial ampulla in transverse and sagittal view. D, sagittal section of atrial ampulla. E, oblique-sagittal section of atrial ampulla, showing muscle layer. F, transverse section of atrial ampulla. G, atrial ampulla with vas deferens embedded in muscle wall. H, internal part of penial structure. I, penial structure with retracted penis. J, an extruded penis. K, transverse section of a penial structure. Scale bars 50 µm." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 6J</figureCitation>
); nuclei mostly remaining inside the penial structure; lumen of penis narrow (2–3 µm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="34F5652104396268FF22EC37FB48F840" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7C5036AA04396268FF22EC37FC4AFCBE" blockId="12.[151,1436,152,2026]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB804396268FF22EC37FEBDFDF8" bold="true" box="[197,319,568,594]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBEF4D2904396268FEA0EC36FDA4FDF9" box="[327,550,569,595]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Altmanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB804396268FEA0EC36FE4AFDF8" box="[327,456,569,594]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Altmanella</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are small, delicate worms, and morphological details can vary with minor differences in fixation. This likely accounted for some of the differences in measurements within and among collections (
<tableCitation id="316D031104396268FECEEC89FE06FD0A" box="[297,388,646,672]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,240,267,291]" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of A. freidris and A. idahoensis from various locations. Values are means (first line), ranges (second line), and number of observations (in parentheses)." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Rapid fixation using FAA or Bouin’s solution may cause contraction of the atria and eversion of penial structures, but material collected in straight formalin or strong alcohol generally appears shriveled and tissues are distorted. Histological details in the text descriptions were based on worms that were relaxed before fixation in FAA, and appeared to be in good condition.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C5036AA04396268FF22ED2EFEFBFB89" blockId="12.[151,1436,152,2026]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Despite preservation artifacts and real population differences, worms determined here as 
<taxonomicName id="BBEF4D2904396268FB11ED2EFAEDFC90" baseAuthorityName="Cook" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[1270,1391,801,826]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Altmanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="freidris">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB804396268FB11ED2EFAEDFC90" box="[1270,1391,801,826]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. freidris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are distinguishable from their congeners (see below) by the elongate penial structures, which gradually taper to form the atrial duct, and the narrow, elongate atrium. Histological details of the male structures are also distinctive; both the penial structure and atrial ampulla have a relatively thick longitudinal muscle layer and a narrow lumen. Penes appear to be formed by elongation and extrusion of epithelial cells of the penial structures; there did not appear to be a strong relationship between length of the internal penial structure and the extended penis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C5036AA04396268FF22EA3FFD79FA0C" blockId="12.[151,1436,152,2026]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Material from the 
<typeStatus id="A354880804396268FE7BEA3FFE4CFBE0" box="[412,462,1072,1098]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
locality was limited, as the description was based on few specimens, and only two new specimens were available. Although the whole mounts from the 
<typeStatus id="A354880804396268FC26EA59FC71FBDA" box="[961,1011,1110,1136]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
series lacked histological detail, the general form of the male structures was similar to other material described here (
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04396268FBBAEA72FB6EFB3D" box="[1117,1260,1149,1175]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,256,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[152,1431,204,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-73@10.[151,1436,194,1876]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Altmanella freidris, atria and penial structures of worms from various sites (prostates not shown). A–B, Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada (B is a paratype). C–D, Sagehen Creek, California. E–F, Sacramento River, California. G, Malheur River, Oregon. H, Owyhee River, Oregon. I–K, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. L, Spring Creek, Oregon. Scale bars 200 µm." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 5A–B</figureCitation>
). Additionally, histological details of the single sectioned worm (
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04396268FCF1EAABFC22FB14" box="[790,928,1188,1214]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,259,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[253,1339,195,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-124@11.[253,1340,194,1798]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Altmanella freidris. A–B, E–F, I–K, Owyhee River, Oregon; C, H Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada (paratype); D, G, Sacramento River, California. A, ectal part of spermathecal ampulla joining the duct. B, ental part of ampulla, showing vacuolated cells with sperm. C, atrial ampulla in transverse and sagittal view. D, sagittal section of atrial ampulla. E, oblique-sagittal section of atrial ampulla, showing muscle layer. F, transverse section of atrial ampulla. G, atrial ampulla with vas deferens embedded in muscle wall. H, internal part of penial structure. I, penial structure with retracted penis. J, an extruded penis. K, transverse section of a penial structure. Scale bars 50 µm." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 6C, H</figureCitation>
) from the 
<typeStatus id="A354880804396268FBCDEAABFBDDFB14" box="[1066,1119,1188,1214]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
series match the present redescription. Specimens from a nearby Sierra 
<collectingRegion id="BE2BF84804396268FD5BEAC5FC97FB4E" box="[700,789,1226,1252]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nevada</collectingRegion>
locality (Mason Fen) are also of this 
<typeStatus id="A354880804396268FB2BEAC5FB7CFB4E" box="[1228,1278,1226,1252]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04396268FAE9EAC5FA0DFB4E" box="[1294,1423,1226,1252]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,256,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[152,1431,204,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-73@10.[151,1436,194,1876]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Altmanella freidris, atria and penial structures of worms from various sites (prostates not shown). A–B, Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada (B is a paratype). C–D, Sagehen Creek, California. E–F, Sacramento River, California. G, Malheur River, Oregon. H, Owyhee River, Oregon. I–K, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. L, Spring Creek, Oregon. Scale bars 200 µm." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5C–D</figureCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="187E4B5B04396268FF70EAFEFEA9FAA1" author="Cook" box="[151,299,1265,1291]" firstAuthor="Cook" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref15168" refString="Cook, D. G. (1966) Lumbriculidae and additional notes and records of other families. In: Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Cook, D. G. Studies on North American aquatic Oligochaeta. III. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 118, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1966">Cook (1966)</bibRefCitation>
described the 
<taxonomicName id="BBEF4D2904396268FE33EAFEFDC8FAA0" baseAuthorityName="Cook" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[468,586,1265,1290]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Altmanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="freidris">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB804396268FE33EAFEFDC8FAA0" box="[468,586,1265,1290]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. freidris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
atrium as having a “thin muscular wall”, although 
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04396268FB79EAFEFAFEFAA1" box="[1182,1404,1265,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,256,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[152,1431,204,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-73@10.[151,1436,194,1876]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Altmanella freidris, atria and penial structures of worms from various sites (prostates not shown). A–B, Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada (B is a paratype). C–D, Sagehen Creek, California. E–F, Sacramento River, California. G, Malheur River, Oregon. H, Owyhee River, Oregon. I–K, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. L, Spring Creek, Oregon. Scale bars 200 µm." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figures 5G and 5H</figureCitation>
of that publication illustrated the atrium with a substantial muscle layer, thick epithelium, and narrow lumen, similar to the present material attributed to 
<taxonomicName id="BBEF4D2904396268FD72EB30FC8EFAF2" baseAuthorityName="Cook" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[661,780,1343,1368]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Altmanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="freidris">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB804396268FD72EB30FC8EFAF2" box="[661,780,1343,1368]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. freidris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04396268FCFCEB31FC12FAF2" box="[795,912,1342,1368]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,256,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[152,1431,204,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-73@10.[151,1436,194,1876]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Altmanella freidris, atria and penial structures of worms from various sites (prostates not shown). A–B, Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada (B is a paratype). C–D, Sagehen Creek, California. E–F, Sacramento River, California. G, Malheur River, Oregon. H, Owyhee River, Oregon. I–K, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. L, Spring Creek, Oregon. Scale bars 200 µm." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 5E</figureCitation>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="187E4B5B04396268FC51EB31FBC9FAF2" author="Cook" box="[950,1099,1342,1368]" firstAuthor="Cook" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref15168" refString="Cook, D. G. (1966) Lumbriculidae and additional notes and records of other families. In: Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Cook, D. G. Studies on North American aquatic Oligochaeta. III. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 118, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1966">Cook (1966)</bibRefCitation>
illustrated atrial proportions and a junction of the vasa deferentia with the atrial ampulla in accordance with the new material and in contrast to 
<taxonomicName id="BBEF4D2904396268FEFEEB83FD9CFA0F" authorityName="Fend" authorityYear="2009" box="[281,542,1420,1445]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Altmanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="idahoensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB804396268FEFEEB83FD9CFA0F" box="[281,542,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Altmanella idahoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="55A857C304396268FDC2EB83FDE6FA0C" box="[549,612,1420,1446]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(see below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C5036AA04396268FF22EBBCFCA0F882" blockId="12.[151,1436,152,2026]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
There appears to be some regional variation in 
<taxonomicName id="BBEF4D2904396268FD12EBBCFCEEFA66" baseAuthorityName="Cook" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[757,876,1459,1484]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Altmanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="freidris">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB804396268FD12EBBCFCEEFA66" box="[757,876,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A. freidris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations, as Sierra 
<collectingRegion id="BE2BF84804396268FB9BEBBCFB57FA67" box="[1148,1237,1459,1485]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nevada</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingRegion id="BE2BF84804396268FB01EBBCFAE3FA67" box="[1254,1377,1459,1485]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">California</collectingRegion>
) and Upper Klamath Lake (
<collectingRegion id="BE2BF84804396268FE7BEBD6FE75FA59" box="[412,503,1497,1523]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Oregon</collectingRegion>
) specimens generally had shorter atria than worms from most other populations (
<tableCitation id="316D031104396268FF78E80FFF7AF9B0" box="[159,248,1536,1562]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,240,267,291]" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of A. freidris and A. idahoensis from various locations. Values are means (first line), ranges (second line), and number of observations (in parentheses)." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Most Upper Klamath Lake worms had relatively short atrial ampullae (
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04396268FB8FE80FFB60F9B0" box="[1128,1250,1536,1562]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,256,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[152,1431,204,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-73@10.[151,1436,194,1876]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Altmanella freidris, atria and penial structures of worms from various sites (prostates not shown). A–B, Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada (B is a paratype). C–D, Sagehen Creek, California. E–F, Sacramento River, California. G, Malheur River, Oregon. H, Owyhee River, Oregon. I–K, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. L, Spring Creek, Oregon. Scale bars 200 µm." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5J–K</figureCitation>
), but a few had longer atria (
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04396268FED1E829FE0EF9EA" box="[310,396,1574,1600]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,256,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[152,1431,204,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-73@10.[151,1436,194,1876]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Altmanella freidris, atria and penial structures of worms from various sites (prostates not shown). A–B, Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada (B is a paratype). C–D, Sagehen Creek, California. E–F, Sacramento River, California. G, Malheur River, Oregon. H, Owyhee River, Oregon. I–K, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. L, Spring Creek, Oregon. Scale bars 200 µm." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
), similar to worms from river and spring habitats in the region (
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04396268FB44E829FAB1F9EA" box="[1187,1331,1574,1600]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,256,1957,1981]" captionTargetBox="[206,1389,197,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-46@9.[202,1389,197,1922]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Altmanella freidris reproductive structures in segments VIII–IX; all worms facing right. A, Sacramento River, California. B, Owyhee River, eastern Oregon. C, Sycan Marsh, southern Oregon. Scale bar 200 µm." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 4B–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E4D42A2F04396268FAA6E829FA0DF9EA" box="[1345,1423,1574,1600]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,256,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[152,1431,204,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-73@10.[151,1436,194,1876]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Altmanella freidris, atria and penial structures of worms from various sites (prostates not shown). A–B, Lake Tahoe, California/Nevada (B is a paratype). C–D, Sagehen Creek, California. E–F, Sacramento River, California. G, Malheur River, Oregon. H, Owyhee River, Oregon. I–K, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. L, Spring Creek, Oregon. Scale bars 200 µm." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">5G–H</figureCitation>
). Additionally, the Upper Klamath Lake specimens were markedly shorter than those from other populations, with only about half the number of segments (
<tableCitation id="316D031104396268FD36E87BFCACF924" box="[721,814,1652,1678]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,240,267,291]" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of A. freidris and A. idahoensis from various locations. Values are means (first line), ranges (second line), and number of observations (in parentheses)." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Whether this variation reflects responses to lake conditions or genetic differences is unknown; certainly, other lake-dwelling lumbriculid populations have been described as differing in somatic characters from related populations in other habitats (e.g., deep-water 
<taxonomicName id="BBEF4D2904396268FF70E8E7FE6CF8AB" authority="Hrabe" authorityName="Hrabe" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,494,1768,1794]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="komareki">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB804396268FF70E8E7FE22F8AB" box="[151,416,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhynchelmis komareki</emphasis>
Hrabĕ
</taxonomicName>
lacks a proboscis [
<bibRefCitation id="187E4B5B04396268FD2DE8E7FCD9F8A8" author="Hrabe" box="[714,859,1768,1794]" firstAuthor="Hrabe" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref15509" refString="Hrabe, S. (1931) Die Oligochaeten aus den Seen Ochrida und Prespa. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 61, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1931">Hrabĕ 1931</bibRefCitation>
]; and a Lake Tahoe form of 
<taxonomicName id="BBEF4D2904396268FB45E8E7FF5AF882" authority="Eisen" authorityName="Eisen" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Rhynchelmis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="rostrata">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB804396268FB45E8E7FA19F8AB" box="[1186,1435,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhynchelmis rostrata</emphasis>
Eisen
</taxonomicName>
has modified chaetae [
<bibRefCitation id="187E4B5B04396268FE03E901FC8CF882" author="Fend &amp; Brinkhurst" box="[484,782,1806,1832]" firstAuthor="Fend" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref15381" refString="Fend, S. V. &amp; Brinkhurst, R. O. (2000) New species of Rhynchelmis (Clitellata, Lumbriculidae), with observations on the Nearctic species. Hydrobiologia, 428, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="2000">Fend &amp; Brinkhurst 2000</bibRefCitation>
]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C5036AA04396268FF22E93AFB48F840" blockId="12.[151,1436,152,2026]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Two characters related to the nephridia are noteworthy, and may be useful in separating immature specimens of the western 
<taxonomicName id="BBEF4D2904396268FE2AE953FDCDF8DF" authorityName="Fend" authorityYear="2009" box="[461,591,1884,1909]" class="Clitellata" family="Lumbriculidae" genus="Altmanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lumbriculida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4E9BEAB804396268FE2AE953FDCDF8DF" box="[461,591,1884,1909]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Altmanella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other small lumbriculids. First, the ectal vesicles are uncommon within the family, although similar structures occur in a few species within other genera. Second, the occurrence of the first post-genital nephridia on 11/12 appears to be a forward shift from the more usual position of 12/13. This is likely related to the apparent forward shift of reproductive organs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>