379 lines
46 KiB
XML
379 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="A8F08AD4107EDBE3289473B45204E459" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.189264" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f0392bb9-ec66-4e36-bb9d-a65a3103c8ce" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="189264" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461100542827" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ebert, David A. & Compagno, Leonard J. V." docDate="2009" docId="F41A87DEFFD0250EC2C5DCB7FAD13582" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02173p018.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2173" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chlamydoselachus" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="0823FFA6FFDC2500C252D957FF8B3442" masterDocTitle="Chlamydoselachus africana, a new species of frilled shark from southern Africa (Chondrichthyes, Hexanchiformes, Chlamydoselachidae)" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1698591175506" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F824335CFD4098EE2C9C1EAE26E0740E">
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<mods:title id="E071360DE2070A30A300236FA97362C8">Chlamydoselachus africana, a new species of frilled shark from southern Africa (Chondrichthyes, Hexanchiformes, Chlamydoselachidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0737B3F36E2E8EBAC976ECC780C469ED">Ebert, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C0746D24C58951DC696471D9BE4AE00E">Compagno, Leonard J. V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C008F8A22DBFCD77E77FCBBB956382FF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3B8635C595E6BFD984DEDCEE879C1C98">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A343812887BF48A6BAFC35A1701D3C80">
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<mods:date id="EF914CD7F73E7DD69B04E1A567AD6955">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="D8B1B0752F7F862BC262A18F6BF01108" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="DB2BAD77DC5DE570FB207121BCCE2E52">2173</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="91F7BBC55D382AAB72A31A11C0279A60" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.189264</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8DF9317D7A86F10864B8945BD9ADFC85" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="24818EA7E73D4474E2E58AD07C5A87A4" type="Zenodo-Dep">189264</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F41A87DEFFD0250EC2C5DCB7FAD13582" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6223521" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119621579" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6223521" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F41A87DEFFD0250EC2C5DCB7FAD13582" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F41A87DEFFD0250EC2C5DCB7FAD13582" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection id="34A96543FFD0250CC2C5DCB7FD1431B8" box="[151,671,1504,1531]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7C0C36C8FFD0250CC2C5DCB7FD1431B8" blockId="12.[151,671,1504,1531]" box="[151,671,1504,1531]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<heading id="274481A4FFD0250CC2C5DCB7FD1431B8" bold="true" box="[151,671,1504,1531]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD0250CC2C5DCB7FD1431B8" bold="true" box="[151,671,1504,1531]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Comparison of
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<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD0250CC30ADCB6FDB731B9" ID-CoL="3NH8" ID-ENA="27584" box="[344,572,1505,1531]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD0250CC30ADCB6FDB731B9" bold="true" box="[344,572,1505,1531]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Chlamydoselachus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Species
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="34A96543FFD0250EC2C5DF7DFAD13582" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7C0C36C8FFD0250DC2C5DF7DFEBF349A" blockId="12.[151,1437,1578,2030]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Comparison of proportional measurements from
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<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD0250CC085DF7CFC3F3206" box="[727,948,1579,1604]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD0250CC085DF7CFC3F3206" box="[727,948,1579,1604]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Chlamydoselachus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species from different regions revealed a high degree of differences in proportional measurements between regions. It may be that in addition to the southern African
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<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD0250CC33ADF2FFE6432D3" box="[360,495,1656,1681]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
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<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD0250CC33ADF2FFE6432D3" box="[360,495,1656,1681]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. africana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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there may be one or more different
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<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD0250CC1F3DF2FFB0A32D3" box="[929,1153,1656,1681]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD0250CC1F3DF2FFB0A32D3" box="[929,1153,1656,1681]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Chlamydoselachus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species involved or the group may eventually prove to be a species complex. However, we identified a subset of measurements that showed consistent proportional differences between the new species and
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<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD0250CC646DF92FB73329C" box="[1044,1272,1733,1758]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD0250CC646DF92FB73329C" box="[1044,1272,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Chlamydoselachus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species from elsewhere. These included a greater head length of 17.3–17.9% for
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<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD0250CC183DFBBFBD73347" box="[977,1116,1772,1797]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
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<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD0250CC183DFBBFBD73347" box="[977,1116,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. africana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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versus 13.1–16.2% for
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<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD0250CC7D3DFBBFE9E336E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
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<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD0250CC7D3DFBBFE9E336E" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. anguineus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a greater prepectoral length, 17.0% versus 13.6–15.9%, a broader interorbital width of 6.0% versus 4.2–5.5%, greater internarial width of 4.4% versus 3.1–3.9%, a broader mouth width of 7.0% versus 4.0–6.3%, and proportionally longer gill openings. Direct comparison of Japanese (including the
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<typeStatus id="A308886AFFD0250CC747DE37FAF73338" box="[1301,1404,1888,1914]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD0250CC2C5DED0FEB933E2" box="[151,306,1927,1952]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
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<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD0250CC2C5DED0FEB933E2" box="[151,306,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. anguineus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and Taiwanese material revealed a further subset of measurements including differences in the anal-caudal space; shorter in
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<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD0250CC3BFDEFAFDF83384" box="[493,627,1965,1990]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
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<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD0250CC3BFDEFAFDF83384" box="[493,627,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. africana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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0.8% versus
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<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD0250CC140DEFAFC273384" box="[786,940,1965,1990]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
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<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD0250CC140DEFAFC273384" box="[786,940,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. anguineus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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at 1.5–1.6%, a broader head height (7.3% versus 5.4–6.5%) and head width (7.5% versus 5.0–5.8%), a greater caudal peduncle height (4.5% versus 3.2–3.5%), a greater pectoral fin length (9.2% versus 7.0–8.1%), and a greater pelvic fin length (13.2% versus 11.5–11.6%).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7C0C36C8FFD1250DC297D9B2FB8F35D8" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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The total mean number of upper jaw tooth counts is slightly higher in the four Namibian
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<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC743D9B2FA1734BC" box="[1297,1436,229,255]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
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<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC743D9B2FAAF34BC" box="[1297,1316,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC767D9B2FA1734BC" box="[1333,1436,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">africana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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specimens (x = 28.8) relative to all
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<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC065D85BFD593567" box="[567,722,268,293]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
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<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC065D85BFD593567" box="[567,722,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. anguineus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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examined from other regions. The upper jaw tooth count for the Angolan specimen fell within the range of
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<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC096D865FCEB3509" box="[708,864,306,331]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
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<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC096D865FCEB3509" box="[708,864,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. anguineus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<tableCitation id="31310373FFD1250DC123D865FC44350E" box="[881,975,306,332]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,1295,1319]" captionText="TABLE 2. Regional tooth counts for Chlamydoselachus species. Source: 1. present study; 2. Bass, 1979; 3. Lozano Rey, 1928; 4. Garman, 1885; 5. Gudger and Smith, 1933; 6. Günther, 1887; 7. Hawkes, 1907; 8. Jordan and Fowler 1903; 9. Nakaya and Bass, 1978; 10. Collett, 1897; 11. Bertrand, 1926." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Table 2</tableCitation>
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). The lower tooth counts were slightly higher in the Namibian specimens, with the exception of the North Atlantic specimens. The Angolan
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<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC7D2D80EFF7035DB" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
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<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC7D2D80EFF7035DB" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. africana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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fell within the mid-range of the
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<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC02AD8D7FC9935DB" box="[632,786,384,409]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
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<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC02AD8D7FC9935DB" box="[632,786,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. anguineus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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examined (
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<tableCitation id="31310373FFD1250DC1C9D8D7FC7D35D8" box="[923,1014,384,410]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,1295,1319]" captionText="TABLE 2. Regional tooth counts for Chlamydoselachus species. Source: 1. present study; 2. Bass, 1979; 3. Lozano Rey, 1928; 4. Garman, 1885; 5. Gudger and Smith, 1933; 6. Günther, 1887; 7. Hawkes, 1907; 8. Jordan and Fowler 1903; 9. Nakaya and Bass, 1978; 10. Collett, 1897; 11. Bertrand, 1926." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Table 2</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7C0C36C8FFD1250DC294D8F1FAD43676" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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The pectoral fin radials of
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<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC3AFD8F0FD093582" box="[509,642,423,448]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
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<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC3AFD8F0FD093582" box="[509,642,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. africana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are slightly higher for the mesopterygium (7 versus 5–6) and lower (8 versus 9–12) for the metapterygium relative to
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<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC08BD89AFCF835A4" box="[729,883,461,486]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
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<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC08BD89AFCF835A4" box="[729,883,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. anguineus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<tableCitation id="31310373FFD1250DC1D3D89AFC5035A5" box="[897,987,461,487]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 3. Pectoral, pelvic, dorsal, and anal fin radial counts for Chlamydoselachus species. Source: 1. present study; 2. Braus 1902; 3. Deinega 1909; 4. Garman 1885; 5. Goodey 1910." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Table 3</tableCitation>
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). The number of pelvic fin radials was similar to those of specimens from
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<collectingCountry id="04A47658FFD1250DC06BD8A3FDF7364C" box="[569,636,500,526]" name="Japan" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Japan</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="04A47658FFD1250DC0E5D8A3FC86364C" box="[695,781,500,526]" name="Taiwan" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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as were the number of dorsal fin radials (
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<tableCitation id="31310373FFD1250DC6AED8A3FADD364C" box="[1276,1366,500,526]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 3. Pectoral, pelvic, dorsal, and anal fin radial counts for Chlamydoselachus species. Source: 1. present study; 2. Braus 1902; 3. Deinega 1909; 4. Garman 1885; 5. Goodey 1910." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Table 3</tableCitation>
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). The number of anal fin radials is also slightly higher in
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<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC0BCDB4DFCF83671" box="[750,883,538,563]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
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<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC0BCDB4DFCF83671" box="[750,883,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. africana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(30) relative to
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<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC662DB4DFB413671" box="[1072,1226,538,563]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
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<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC662DB4DFB413671" box="[1072,1226,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. anguineus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(r = 20–28).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7C0C36C8FFD1250DC294DB16FC9937D2" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC294DB16FD9A3618" box="[198,529,577,602]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC294DB16FD9A3618" box="[198,529,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Chlamydoselachus africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC002DB16FD663618" box="[592,749,577,602]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC002DB16FD663618" box="[592,749,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. anguineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
strongly differ from each other in total vertebral counts, precaudal vertebral counts, and in the position of the MP/DP transition (
|
||
<tableCitation id="31310373FFD1250DC1B6DB3FFBCB36C0" box="[996,1088,616,642]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,241,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 4. Vertebral counts for Chlamydoselachus africana and C. anguineus. Monospondylous precaudal vertebrae (MP); Diplospondylous precaudal vertebrae (DP); Diplospndylous caudal vertebrae (DC)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Total vertebral counts were 147 for a Namibian specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC073DBD8FD2236EA" box="[545,681,655,680]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC073DBD8FD2236EA" box="[545,681,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
while
|
||
<collectingCountry id="04A47658FFD1250DC0A9DBD9FC1136EA" box="[763,922,654,680]" name="New Zealand" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Taiwanese specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC6ADDBD8FA1036EA" box="[1279,1435,655,680]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC6ADDBD8FA1036EA" box="[1279,1435,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. anguineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were 160 and 171, respectively. The variability in the MP-DP counts was especially high. Two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC6ABDBE2FA1F368C" box="[1273,1428,693,718]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC6ABDBE2FA1F368C" box="[1273,1428,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. anguineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, one each from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="04A47658FFD1250DC302DB8BFE7E36B4" box="[336,501,732,758]" name="New Zealand" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="04A47658FFD1250DC060DB8BFD0436B4" box="[562,655,732,758]" name="Taiwan" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, had an MP range of 72–75 and a DP precaudal count range of 21–27, while a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC304DA55FE693759" box="[342,482,770,795]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC304DA55FE693759" box="[342,482,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had an MP of 18 and a precaudal DP of 76. The caudal counts (DC) differed widely, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC363DA7EFE463700" box="[305,461,809,834]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC363DA7EFE463700" box="[305,461,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. anguineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having 58–78 and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC0E0DA7EFCB33700" box="[690,824,809,834]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC0E0DA7EFCB33700" box="[690,824,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having 52. The transition between the MP and DP for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC292DA07FED1372B" box="[192,346,848,873]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC292DA07FED1372B" box="[192,346,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. anguineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was over the pelvic fins between the 72–75 vertebrae, while the transition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC6B0DA07FAEC372B" box="[1250,1383,848,873]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC6B0DA07FAEC372B" box="[1250,1383,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was just posterior to the pectoral fins at the 18th vertebrae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7C0C36C8FFD1250DC294DACAFBEF3348" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
The crania of the two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC382DACAFD2637F4" box="[464,685,925,950]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC382DACAFD2637F4" box="[464,685,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Chlamydoselachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species exhibit a number of morphological differences (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E4882A4DFFD1250DC71CDACAFF22379C" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,258,1022,1046]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,351,988]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[782,1437,351,988]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cranial skeleton, including dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of (a) Chlamydoselachus africana (SAM 36076) and (b) C. anguineus from Taiwan (DAE 881204)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189270/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). These include the entire ethmoid region of the Taiwanese
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC12CDA93FB96379F" box="[894,1053,964,989]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC12CDA93FB96379F" box="[894,1053,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. anguineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen (DAE 881204) being more elongated, and with a longer rostrum that is more ventrally thrust or angled, and has a slightly greater bend in the subethmoid fossa when compared to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC141DD46FC173068" box="[787,924,1041,1066]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC141DD46FC173068" box="[787,924,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="A308886AFFD1250DC1F6DD46FB803069" box="[932,1035,1041,1067]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(SAM 36076). Other differences include the ventral edge of the rostrum in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC0C6DD6FFCB93013" box="[660,818,1080,1106]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC0C6DD6FFD2C3013" box="[660,679,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC0E5DD6FFCB93013" box="[695,818,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">anguineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is opposite the mid-nasal capsule in the Taiwanese specimen, and in illustrations of Japanese
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC0D0DD08FC96303A" box="[642,797,1118,1144]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC0D0DD08FD1E303A" box="[642,661,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC0F6DD08FC96303A" box="[676,797,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">anguineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="18224B39FFD1250DC10CDD09FC68303A" author="Allis" box="[862,995,1118,1144]" pageId="13" pageNumber="16" refString="Allis, E. P. (1923) The cranial anatomy of Chlamydoselachus anguineus. Acta Zoologica, 4, 123 - 221." type="journal article" year="1923">Allis, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and is quite distinct when compared to the opposite dorsal surface in the Namibian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC085DDD2FCE830DC" box="[727,867,1157,1183]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC085DDD2FD6130DC" box="[727,746,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC0AEDDD2FCE830DC" box="[764,867,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The ectethmoid processes are more elongate, broader, and more posteriorly expanded in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC0E7DDFBFCC43087" box="[693,847,1196,1221]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC0E7DDFBFCC43087" box="[693,847,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. anguineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cranium, to the point of obscuring the front end of groove for orbital process in lateral, whereas in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC156DD84FC0630AE" box="[772,909,1235,1260]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC156DD84FC0630AE" box="[772,909,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cranium one can see space in front of these grooves, such that the basal angle is obvious. The subethmoid fossa is more antero-posteriorly elongated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC7D3DDAEFE84317B" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC7D3DDAEFE84317B" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. anguineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where as it is more laterally expanded and broad in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC128DC77FC74317B" box="[890,1023,1312,1337]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC128DC77FC74317B" box="[890,1023,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Comparison of the nasal fenestrae between the two species reveals that it is much smaller in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC11CDC10FC613122" box="[846,1002,1351,1376]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC11CDC10FC613122" box="[846,1002,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. anguineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
when compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC685DC10FAD53122" box="[1239,1374,1351,1376]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC685DC10FAD53122" box="[1239,1374,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The orbital process grooves on the basal plate is more anterior in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC137DC3AFC6131C4" box="[869,1002,1389,1414]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC137DC3AFC6131C4" box="[869,1002,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but more posterior in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC6A8DC3AFA1F31C4" box="[1274,1428,1389,1414]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC6A8DC3AFA1F31C4" box="[1274,1428,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. anguineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The basal plate between anterior grooves for the orbital processes is much more ventrally arched, convex and ridged in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC354DCECFE2A3196" box="[262,417,1467,1492]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC354DCECFE2A3196" box="[262,417,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. anguineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but nearly flat in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC024DCECFD703196" box="[630,763,1467,1492]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC024DCECFD703196" box="[630,763,1467,1492]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The basal plate is more waisted behind the grooves in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC7D3DCECFF7031B8" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC7D3DCECFF7031B8" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC30ADCB6FE7931B8" box="[344,498,1505,1530]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC30ADCB6FE7931B8" box="[344,498,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. anguineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The orbits are more upthrust and are slightly raised above the cranial roof in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC7D3DCB6FF713263" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC7D3DCB6FF713263" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but about opposite that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC06ADF5FFD5A3263" box="[568,721,1544,1569]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC06ADF5FFD5A3263" box="[568,721,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. anguineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The postorbital processes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC662DF5FFB3E3263" box="[1072,1205,1544,1569]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC662DF5FFB3E3263" box="[1072,1205,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more elongated and bent or twisted, although not extreme in dorsal-ventral view; in lateral view it is less ventral, but higher than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC2BDDF02FE01322C" box="[239,394,1621,1646]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC2BDDF02FE01322C" box="[239,394,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. anguineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which they extend to the ventral edge of the hyomandibular facet. The otic processes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC2E9DF2BFEC432D7" box="[187,335,1660,1685]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC2E9DF2BFEC432D7" box="[187,335,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more laterally projecting (or sphenopterotic ridges less laterally expanded). The sphenopterotic ridge is higher in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC078DFF4FD3F32FE" box="[554,692,1699,1724]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC078DFF4FD3F32FE" box="[554,692,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The otic processes by comparison in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC6DBDFF4FAA232FE" box="[1161,1321,1699,1724]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC6DBDFF4FAA232FE" box="[1161,1321,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. anguineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more angled posteriorly, and with a notch. The occiput is much more elongate and with greatly elongated occipital condyles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC376DFA7FE21334B" box="[292,426,1776,1801]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC376DFA7FE21334B" box="[292,426,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but much shorter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC0F6DFA7FCB4334B" box="[676,831,1776,1801]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC0F6DFA7FCB4334B" box="[676,831,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. anguineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E4882A4DFFD1250DC11CDFA7FC3F3348" box="[846,948,1776,1802]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,258,1022,1046]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,351,988]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[782,1437,351,988]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cranial skeleton, including dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of (a) Chlamydoselachus africana (SAM 36076) and (b) C. anguineus from Taiwan (DAE 881204)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189270/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
b;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="18224B39FFD1250DC183DFA7FBDC3348" author="Allis" box="[977,1111,1776,1802]" pageId="13" pageNumber="16" refString="Allis, E. P. (1923) The cranial anatomy of Chlamydoselachus anguineus. Acta Zoologica, 4, 123 - 221." type="journal article" year="1923">Allis, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7C0C36C8FFD1250DC297DE41FE67333C" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Spiral valve counts are significantly lower in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC08FDE40FCE93372" box="[733,866,1815,1840]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC08FDE40FCE93372" box="[733,866,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC191DE40FBD53372" box="[963,1118,1815,1840]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC191DE40FBD53372" box="[963,1118,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. anguineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The range of spiral valve turns for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC353DE6AFE0D3314" box="[257,390,1853,1878]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC353DE6AFE0D3314" box="[257,390,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was fairly narrow, between 26 and 28, while the number of turns for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC6F9DE6AFACD3314" box="[1195,1350,1853,1878]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC6F9DE6AFACD3314" box="[1195,1350,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. anguineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ranged between 35 and 49 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="31310373FFD1250DC3D0DE33FE56333C" box="[386,477,1892,1918]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,241,731,755]" captionText="TABLE 6. Spiral valve counts for Chlamydoselachus species. Source: 1. present study; 2. Günther 1887; 3. Hawkes 1907; 4. Smith, 1937; 5. Collett, 1897." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7C0C36C8FFD1250EC297DEDCFAD13582" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,152,448]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC297DEDCFD9B33E6" box="[197,528,1931,1956]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC297DEDCFD9B33E6" box="[197,528,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Chlamydoselachus africana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
individuals were clearly distinguished from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD1250DC6DCDEDCFAA133E6" box="[1166,1322,1931,1956]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD1250DC6DCDEDCFAA133E6" box="[1166,1322,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. anguineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on PCA results. Principal components (PCs) 1 and 2 were interpretable and accounted for a considerable proportion (PC 1 = 38.6%, PC 2 = 17.2%) of total variation in morphological data. Principal component 1 was strongly bipolar (i.e., influenced by the differential contribution of two variables), with dorsal fin length (0.575) and, to a lesser extent, anal fin anterior margin (0.32) loading heavily to the positive. Conversely, several variables contributed similarly to negative loadings. Foremost among them were anal fin posterior margin (-0.358) and head length (-0.343). Results of the
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD2250EC161D85BFCB03567" box="[819,827,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">t</emphasis>
|
||
-test conducted for PC1 case scores revealed highly significant differences between species (
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD2250EC0F3D865FD223509" box="[673,681,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">t</emphasis>
|
||
= 4.859,
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD2250EC175D865FCB23509" box="[807,825,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
|
||
<0.001), indicating that they could be reliably distinguished by the indicated variables (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E4882A4DFFD2250EC0D4D80EFD7B3531" box="[646,752,345,371]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1761,1785]" captionTargetBox="[475,1099,1139,1727]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[463,1125,1134,1736]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Euclidean bi-plot of Principal Component 1 (PC 1) and Principal Component 2 (PC 2) case scores calculated from 28 morphological variables measured for Chlamydoselachus africana (n = 5) and C. anguineus (n = 10) individuals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189271/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Species did not separate on PC2 (
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD2250EC6CDD80EFB2C3530" box="[1183,1191,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">t</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.632,
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD2250EC74ED80EFAA53530" box="[1308,1326,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.538;
|
||
<figureCitation id="E4882A4DFFD2250EC2C5D8D7FF7735D8" box="[151,252,384,410]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1761,1785]" captionTargetBox="[475,1099,1139,1727]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[463,1125,1134,1736]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Euclidean bi-plot of Principal Component 1 (PC 1) and Principal Component 2 (PC 2) case scores calculated from 28 morphological variables measured for Chlamydoselachus africana (n = 5) and C. anguineus (n = 10) individuals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189271/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBB34D4BFFD2250EC340D8D7FDFB35DB" box="[274,624,384,409]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Chlamydoselachidae" genus="Chlamydoselachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexanchiformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC7EADAFFD2250EC340D8D7FDFB35DB" box="[274,624,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chlamydoselachus anguineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
individuals tended to load more positively, however, based primarily on proportional longer anal-caudal (0.137), dorsal-caudal (0.127), and head width (0.88) measurements.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |