173 lines
12 KiB
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173 lines
12 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2193-0074-1-187" ID-Pensoft-UUID="86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD" ID-ZooBank="6402F8F152294153823FCAEA106F90A1" ModsDocID="2193-0074-25-1-187" checkinTime="1667366246929" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Spasojevic, Tamara, Broad, Gavin R. & Klopfstein, Seraina" docDate="2022" docId="F4178AA8E0C55507B0DF7D82EAB899CB" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilRecord 25(1): 187-212" docOrigin="Fossil Record 25 (1)" docPubDate="2022-06-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034" docTitle="Xorides sejugatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD" lastPageNumber="187" masterDocId="86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD" masterDocTitle="Revision of 18 ichneumonid fossil species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) highlights the need for open nomenclature in palaeontology" masterLastPageNumber="212" masterPageNumber="187" pageNumber="187" updateTime="1667366246929" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of 18 ichneumonid fossil species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) highlights the need for open nomenclature in palaeontology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Spasojevic, Tamara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5301-5722</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Broad, Gavin R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7223-5333</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 6 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Klopfstein, Seraina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4025-975X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">seraina.klopfstein@bs.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Fossil Record</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-07</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>25</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>187</mods:start>
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<mods:end>212</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2193-0074-1-187</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6402F8F152294153823FCAEA106F90A1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F4178AA8E0C55507B0DF7D82EAB899CB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F4178AA8E0C55507B0DF7D82EAB899CB" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName LSID="F4178AA8-E0C5-5507-B0DF-7D82EAB899CB" authority="(Brues, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Brues" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xorides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xorides sejugatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sejugatus">Xorides sejugatus (Brues, 1910)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Xorides sejugatus (Brues, 1910) comb. nov. A. Photograph of the holotype obtained from the MCZ; B. Our interpretative drawing of the fossil (below). Thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693077" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xylonomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylonomus sejugatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sejugatus">* Xylonomus sejugatus</taxonomicName>
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Brues, 1910
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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Photographs of the
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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(#PALE-2211) and of
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<specimenCount type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">two paratypes</specimenCount>
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(#PALE-2212 and #PALE-2213), obtained from the MCZ.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="stratum">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Stratum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Teller County, Florissant shales, Colorado, USA. Late Eocene (Chadronian), 37.2-33.9 Ma.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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Female.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Holotype</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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, paratypes with sex unknown. Holotype in lateral aspect showing head, few basal segments of antennae, rather well-preserved mesosoma, almost complete fore and hind wings, nearly complete legs, metasoma and ovipositor with partial sheaths. Paratypes less well preserved, #2212 showing lateral aspect of partial mesosoma, base of wings, T1-T5 and most of hind legs; #2213 with lateroventral aspect of head, partly discernible antennae, outlined but not well-preserved meso- and basal metasoma, wings and partial legs. Body length 17.25 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693077" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Figure 18.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brues" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xorides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xorides sejugatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sejugatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Xorides sejugatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Brues, 1910) comb. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A.</emphasis>
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Photograph of the holotype obtained from the MCZ;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">B.</emphasis>
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Our interpretative drawing of the fossil (below). Thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Black or dark brown on head and mesosoma and hind coxae, brown wing veins and metasoma, legs lighter brown except for darkened hind femur. Ovipositor dark brown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Head</emphasis>
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rather short and high, with long cheek, in #2213 with what looks like two chisel-shaped mandibles.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Antennae</emphasis>
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incomplete, but rather slender and at least 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as fore wing.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mesosoma</emphasis>
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cylindric, not very elongate, pronotum with epomia strong and reaching mesoscutum; mesoscutum with long notauli, mesopleuron with epicnemial carina reaching pronotum at about mid-height. Propodeum strongly areolated, with lateromedian and lateral longitudinal and pleural carinae, posterior transverse and at least partial anterior transverse carina.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fore wing</emphasis>
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11 mm, with areolet open, vein 2Rs almost obliterate; 1cu-a meeting 2Cu slightly distally from 1M; cell 2R1 strongly elongate, 4.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Hind wing</emphasis>
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with 1Cu a little longer than cu-a and 1Rs a little shorter than rs-m.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Legs</emphasis>
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partly preserved, hind femur 3.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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, and hind tibia 5.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Metasoma</emphasis>
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depressed, slightly enlarged apically; T1 about 2.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide, slightly expanding apically, with strong ventrolateral, dorsolateral and median dorsal carinae, and with distinct diagonal groves laterally which form part of a constriction around middle of tergite; T2 approximately quadrate, with oblique basal grooves cutting off basolateral corners; T3 a bit wider than long; T4-T6 transverse; T7 slightly longer than T6; S2-S5 visible as brown patches.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Ovipositor</emphasis>
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9.6 mm, 2.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as hind tibia, rather narrow.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="interpretation">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Interpretation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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Several characters firmly place this fossil in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xorides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xorides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Xorides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, including the chisel-like mandibles, long epomia that seems to connect with the dorsal margin of the pronotum, fore wing venation including an open areolet with very short 3rs-m, grooves anteriorly on T2, and lateral diagonal impressions on T1. The only character not usually observed in recent species of the genus are the thickened hind femora.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ctenopelmatinae">Ctenopelmatinae</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
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, 1869
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Parapimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parapimpla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Parapimpla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Theobald, 1937
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |