treatments-xml/data/E6/4C/87/E64C87940034C2278FEDFDE70B0BFA12.xml

<document id="F447A865BF0661E3C47390B8682C4A3D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.208783" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a9d82b95-e548-43f3-8bb2-6baf0307e0e7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="208783" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460488616740" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pessoa, Felipe Arley Costa, Ríos-Velásquez, Claudia María &amp; Py-Daniel, Victor" docDate="2012" docId="E64C87940034C2278FEDFDE70B0BFA12" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03343p044.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3343" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Araucnephia cearensis Pessoa, Ríos-Velásquez &amp; Py-Daniel, 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="1A75FFEC0035C22F8F7AFF8E0951FFCD" masterDocTitle="A new species of Araucnephia (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Northeast Region of Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1698309676985" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="24BD5A0D6A125F3888A23B98E2522C50">A new species of Araucnephia (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Northeast Region of Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3794DBC5FCF2C7D9825172856E353168">Pessoa, Felipe Arley Costa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EA00003291F5AF6752CD0908383D6EF3">Ríos-Velásquez, Claudia María</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="97AF2F1B0823206891B49FF68BA79114">Py-Daniel, Victor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="1EAEE969F299644C02F0CE8B3F719A86">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="E64C87940034C2278FEDFDE70B0BFA12" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6170159" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119519001" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6170159" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E64C87940034C2278FEDFDE70B0BFA12" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E64C87940034C2278FEDFDE70B0BFA12" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
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<paragraph id="6E5A36820034C22E8FEDFDE70A8AFD4F" blockId="1.[151,987,616,676]" box="[151,987,616,643]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<heading id="351281EE0034C22E8FEDFDE70A8AFD4F" bold="true" box="[151,987,616,643]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010034C22E8FEDFDE708FDFD4E" box="[151,428,617,643]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cearensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900034C22E8FEDFDE708FDFD4E" bold="true" box="[151,428,617,643]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Araucnephia cearensis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="47A257EB0034C22E8ECEFDE60B40FD4F" box="[436,529,616,642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Pessoa, Rios-Velásquez &amp; Py-Daniel
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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(
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8FE4FD020865FD69" box="[158,308,652,676]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStart-1="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStart-10="FIGURES 66 – 69" captionStart-2="FIGURES 16 – 22" captionStart-3="FIGURES 23 – 29" captionStart-4="FIGURES 30 – 35" captionStart-5="FIGURES 36 – 41" captionStart-6="FIGURES 42 – 47" captionStart-7="FIGURES 48 – 54" captionStart-8="FIGURES 55 – 60" captionStart-9="FIGURES 61 – 65" captionStartId-0="2.[151,264,1654,1677]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,264,1365,1388]" captionStartId-10="12.[151,264,1392,1415]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,264,1229,1252]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,264,1475,1498]" captionStartId-4="6.[151,264,1779,1802]" captionStartId-5="7.[151,264,1964,1987]" captionStartId-6="8.[151,264,1177,1200]" captionStartId-7="9.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionStartId-8="10.[151,264,1615,1638]" captionStartId-9="11.[151,264,1184,1207]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1424,193,1610]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1435,387,1343]" captionTargetBox-10="[151,1435,193,1370]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,445,1207]" captionTargetBox-3="[162,1427,409,1443]" captionTargetBox-4="[176,1430,409,1734]" captionTargetBox-5="[297,1284,193,1943]" captionTargetBox-6="[151,1435,193,1150]" captionTargetBox-7="[173,1427,517,1928]" captionTargetBox-8="[163,1435,193,1589]" captionTargetBox-9="[151,1435,194,1162]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1633]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,373,1345]" captionTargetId-10="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1371]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[151,1436,445,1208]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[151,1436,409,1454]" captionTargetId-4="figure@6.[151,1436,409,1758]" captionTargetId-5="figure@7.[297,1289,193,1943]" captionTargetId-6="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1156]" captionTargetId-7="figure@9.[151,1436,503,1929]" captionTargetId-8="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1594]" captionTargetId-9="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1163]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-10="12" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionTargetPageId-5="7" captionTargetPageId-6="8" captionTargetPageId-7="9" captionTargetPageId-8="10" captionTargetPageId-9="11" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 9. Male Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 1. Habitus of the male, lateral right view; 2. fore leg; 3. mid leg; 4. hind leg; 5. antenna; 6 – 7. scutum coloration pattern; 6. with anterior light direction; 7. with posterior light direction; 8. clypeus, with an arrow pointing to a median longitudinal fissure; 9. furcasternum." captionText-1="FIGURES 10 – 15. Pharate male of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 10. head; 11. third palpal segment; 12. ventral plate; 13 – 15. gonostylus; 13. with spurs; 14 – 15. with three spurs." captionText-10="FIGURES 66 – 69. Larva of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 66. lateral sclerite of a proleg; 67. comb of a prothoracic proleg sclerite; 68. anal sclerite and hooks of the posterior circlet; 69. Median accessory sclerite between the posterior arms of the anal sclerite." captionText-2="FIGURES 16 – 22. Female of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 16. Habitus of the female, lateral right view; 17. clypeus, arrows pointing to the suture; 18. antenna; 19. frontocular triangle; 20 – 21. scutum coloration pattern; 20. with anterior light direction; 21. with posterior light direction; 22. proximal part of the wing, with an arrow indicating the basal cell." captionText-3="FIGURES 23 – 29. Pharate female of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 23. mouthparts; 24. claws; 25. third palpal segment; 26. cibarium; 27. cercus and paraproct, lateral view; 28. genital fork; 29. spermatheca." captionText-4="FIGURES 30 – 35. Pupa of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 30. Pupa, dorsal view; 31. pupa dorsolateral view, cocoon omitted; 32. frontoclypeus, with an arrow indicating the cephalic trichomes with an increased area; 33. frontal trichomes (proximal part of head plate); 34. facial trichomes; 35. gill filaments, lateral view." captionText-5="FIGURES 36 – 41. Pupa of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 36. ventral side of abdominal sheath; 37. abdominal dorsal hooks; 38. dorsal side of abdominal sheath; 39. last abdominal segments; 40 – 41. hooks on the last abdominal segment." captionText-6="FIGURES 42 – 47. Larva of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 42. Habitus of the larva, dorsal view; 43. head, dorsal view; 44. cervical sclerite; 45. hypostomium, hypostomial bridge and postgenal cleft; 46. rectal papilla with three large lobes; 47. end of the larval abdomen, with an arrow indicating the ventral tubercles." captionText-7="FIGURES 48 – 54. Larva of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 48. hypostomium; 49. hypostomal teeth and sublateral setae; 50 – 51. antenna; 50. light microscopy; 51. scanning electron microscopy; 52 – 53. SEM image of the mandible showing the mandibular teeth; 54. mandible, arrow pointing the lateromandibular process." captionText-8="FIGURES 55 – 60. Larval labral fan of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 55. Labral fan, general view; 56. rays of the labral fan showing two types of microtrichiae; 57. microtrichiae with a standard type of arrangement; 58. labral fan ray with apical microtrichiae, resembling a harpoon; 59. microtrichiae with a weak complex type arrangement; 60. proximal part of the labral fan, with an arrow indicating a small spine." captionText-9="FIGURES 61 – 65. SEM image of the larval labral fan of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 61. Apex of the labral fan ray with microtrichiae in a standard type arrangement; 62. microtrichiae in a standard type arrangement; 63 – 65. microtrichiae in a weak complex type arrangement, with two rows of microtrichiae." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/208784/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/208785/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/208794/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/208786/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/208787/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/208788/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/208789/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/208790/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/208791/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/208792/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/208793/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Figures 1–69</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6E5A36820034C22E8FEDFD5A0B22FC2A" blockId="1.[151,1437,724,1936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900034C22E8FEDFD5A098EFD21" box="[151,223,724,748]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Adults</emphasis>
: Large, length 
<quantity id="A91D9B670034C22E8EEFFD5A08BEFD21" box="[405,495,724,748]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
(male), 
<quantity id="A91D9B670034C22E8D2CFD5A0BE1FD21" box="[598,688,724,748]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
(female). General body coloration blackish brown (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8A68FD5A0C0CFD21" box="[1298,1373,724,748]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1654,1677]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,193,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1633]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Male Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 1. Habitus of the male, lateral right view; 2. fore leg; 3. mid leg; 4. hind leg; 5. antenna; 6 – 7. scutum coloration pattern; 6. with anterior light direction; 7. with posterior light direction; 8. clypeus, with an arrow pointing to a median longitudinal fissure; 9. furcasternum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208784/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Figs 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8A0AFD5A0CDEFD21" box="[1392,1423,724,748]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 22" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1229,1252]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,445,1207]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,445,1208]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 22. Female of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 16. Habitus of the female, lateral right view; 17. clypeus, arrows pointing to the suture; 18. antenna; 19. frontocular triangle; 20 – 21. scutum coloration pattern; 20. with anterior light direction; 21. with posterior light direction; 22. proximal part of the wing, with an arrow indicating the basal cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208786/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">16</figureCitation>
). Labellum wide (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8E37FD7908F2FCC2" box="[333,419,759,783]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1365,1388]" captionTargetBox="[164,1435,387,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,373,1345]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Pharate male of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 10. head; 11. third palpal segment; 12. ventral plate; 13 – 15. gonostylus; 13. with spurs; 14 – 15. with three spurs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208785/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Figs 10</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8ED4FD79089FFCC2" box="[430,462,759,783]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 29" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1475,1498]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,409,1443]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,409,1454]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 29. Pharate female of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 23. mouthparts; 24. claws; 25. third palpal segment; 26. cibarium; 27. cercus and paraproct, lateral view; 28. genital fork; 29. spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">23</figureCitation>
). Clypeus prominent and higher than its width, with median longitudinal suture (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8A35FD790CC6FCC2" box="[1359,1431,759,783]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1654,1677]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,193,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1633]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Male Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 1. Habitus of the male, lateral right view; 2. fore leg; 3. mid leg; 4. hind leg; 5. antenna; 6 – 7. scutum coloration pattern; 6. with anterior light direction; 7. with posterior light direction; 8. clypeus, with an arrow pointing to a median longitudinal fissure; 9. furcasternum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208784/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Figs 8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8FEDFC9209E7FCF9" box="[151,182,796,820]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 22" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1229,1252]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,445,1207]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,445,1208]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 22. Female of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 16. Habitus of the female, lateral right view; 17. clypeus, arrows pointing to the suture; 18. antenna; 19. frontocular triangle; 20 – 21. scutum coloration pattern; 20. with anterior light direction; 21. with posterior light direction; 22. proximal part of the wing, with an arrow indicating the basal cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208786/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">17</figureCitation>
). Wing veins light brown; basal cell present (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8DBAFC920A47FCF9" box="[704,790,796,820]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 22" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1229,1252]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,445,1207]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,445,1208]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 22. Female of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 16. Habitus of the female, lateral right view; 17. clypeus, arrows pointing to the suture; 18. antenna; 19. frontocular triangle; 20 – 21. scutum coloration pattern; 20. with anterior light direction; 21. with posterior light direction; 22. proximal part of the wing, with an arrow indicating the basal cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208786/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
); C with spinules and setae; Sc setose in female, bare in male; basal sector of R with hairs arranged in two or three rows, with spine-like setae present on distal one-third. Legs (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8FA4FCEA0814FCB1" box="[222,325,868,892]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1654,1677]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,193,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1633]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Male Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 1. Habitus of the male, lateral right view; 2. fore leg; 3. mid leg; 4. hind leg; 5. antenna; 6 – 7. scutum coloration pattern; 6. with anterior light direction; 7. with posterior light direction; 8. clypeus, with an arrow pointing to a median longitudinal fissure; 9. furcasternum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208784/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Figs 2–4</figureCitation>
) with light brown coxa with apical dark brown spot and black bristles; light brown femora with basal and apical dark brown spot; basal half of fore- and meso-tibia light brown, with apical halves dark brown; hind tibia light brown; tarsal segments dark brown. Calcipala wider than tall. Pedisulcus absent. Claws with small, triangular-shaped subbasal tooth (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8D6BFC410B37FC2A" box="[529,614,975,999]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 29" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1475,1498]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,409,1443]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,409,1454]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 29. Pharate female of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 23. mouthparts; 24. claws; 25. third palpal segment; 26. cibarium; 27. cercus and paraproct, lateral view; 28. genital fork; 29. spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="26FF65090034C22B8FBDFC7A0A15FE4A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="6E5A36820034C22E8FBDFC7A0A65FAE1" blockId="1.[151,1437,724,1936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900034C22E8FBDFC7A0850FBC1" box="[199,257,1012,1036]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Male</emphasis>
: Antenna dark brown, with the apex thinner than the basal area, 
<quantity id="A91D9B670034C22E8C8BFC7A0DC7FBC1" box="[1009,1174,1012,1036]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="6.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="0.67" valueMax="0.68" valueMin="0.66">0.66–0.68 mm</quantity>
(n = 2) in length; first flagellomere two times higher than its width, whereas other flagellomeres taper apically (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8BF8FB990D97FBE2" box="[1154,1222,1047,1071]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1654,1677]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,193,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1633]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Male Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 1. Habitus of the male, lateral right view; 2. fore leg; 3. mid leg; 4. hind leg; 5. antenna; 6 – 7. scutum coloration pattern; 6. with anterior light direction; 7. with posterior light direction; 8. clypeus, with an arrow pointing to a median longitudinal fissure; 9. furcasternum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208784/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Ratio of palpomeres 3:4:5 = 1.3:1:1.8 (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8EEFFBB208B8FB99" box="[405,489,1084,1108]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1365,1388]" captionTargetBox="[164,1435,387,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,373,1345]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Pharate male of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 10. head; 11. third palpal segment; 12. ventral plate; 13 – 15. gonostylus; 13. with spurs; 14 – 15. with three spurs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208785/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Sensory vesicle of maxillary palpus rounded, covered with tubercles, occupying 2/ 3 of palpomere (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8E2FFBD108F9FBBA" box="[341,424,1119,1143]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1365,1388]" captionTargetBox="[164,1435,387,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,373,1345]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Pharate male of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 10. head; 11. third palpal segment; 12. ventral plate; 13 – 15. gonostylus; 13. with spurs; 14 – 15. with three spurs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208785/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Wing length = 
<quantity id="A91D9B670034C22E8D11FBD10BA6FBB5" box="[619,759,1119,1144]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="2.6" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.5">2.5–2.7 mm</quantity>
; wing width = 
<quantity id="A91D9B670034C22E8CDCFBD10D1CFBB5" box="[934,1101,1119,1144]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.19" metricValueMax="1.32" metricValueMin="1.06" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="1.19" valueMax="1.32" valueMin="1.06">1.06–1.32 mm</quantity>
. Scutum dark brown, velvety black posterolaterally, with wide dark brown band dorsomedially. Metanotum velvety black (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8BDCFB0A0C5DFB51" box="[1190,1292,1156,1180]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1654,1677]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,193,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1633]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Male Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 1. Habitus of the male, lateral right view; 2. fore leg; 3. mid leg; 4. hind leg; 5. antenna; 6 – 7. scutum coloration pattern; 6. with anterior light direction; 7. with posterior light direction; 8. clypeus, with an arrow pointing to a median longitudinal fissure; 9. furcasternum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208784/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Figs 6–7</figureCitation>
). Katepisternum higher than wide, with complete sulcus. Abdomen dark brown with lateral black stripe on segments VI–VIII. Furcasternum expanded laterally of median branch with abrupt apical constriction (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8B3CFB420DDDFB29" box="[1094,1164,1228,1252]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1654,1677]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,193,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1633]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Male Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 1. Habitus of the male, lateral right view; 2. fore leg; 3. mid leg; 4. hind leg; 5. antenna; 6 – 7. scutum coloration pattern; 6. with anterior light direction; 7. with posterior light direction; 8. clypeus, with an arrow pointing to a median longitudinal fissure; 9. furcasternum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208784/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Ventral plate rounded. Median sclerite robust, curved, with bilobed plate (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8DA7FB7E0A60FAC5" box="[733,817,1264,1288]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1365,1388]" captionTargetBox="[164,1435,387,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,373,1345]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Pharate male of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 10. head; 11. third palpal segment; 12. ventral plate; 13 – 15. gonostylus; 13. with spurs; 14 – 15. with three spurs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208785/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Gonostylus longer than gonocoxite, subconical, with submedian crest and two or three apical spurs (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8DDEFA9A0A76FAE1" box="[676,807,1300,1324]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 15" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1365,1388]" captionTargetBox="[164,1435,387,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,373,1345]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 15. Pharate male of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 10. head; 11. third palpal segment; 12. ventral plate; 13 – 15. gonostylus; 13. with spurs; 14 – 15. with three spurs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208785/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Figs 13–15</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6E5A36820034C22E8FBDFAB60BECF85D" blockId="1.[151,1437,724,1936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900034C22E8FBDFAB6084AFA9D" box="[199,283,1336,1360]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Female</emphasis>
: Wing length = 
<quantity id="A91D9B670034C22E8EAFFAB60B3FFA9D" box="[469,622,1336,1360]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.98" metricValueMax="3.06" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="2.98" valueMax="3.06" valueMin="2.9">2.9–3.06 mm</quantity>
; wing width = 
<quantity id="A91D9B670034C22E8C60FAB60AE2FA9D" box="[794,947,1336,1360]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.16" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="1.23" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.16">1.16–1.3 mm</quantity>
. Frons, clypeus, antenna, maxillary palpus, and occiput black with grayish pollinosity. Frons width and height equal, with abundant pilosity; frontal angle = 90°; frontocular triangle higher than wide, with long frontal suture (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8CF7FA0E0AB0FA55" box="[909,993,1408,1432]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 22" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1229,1252]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,445,1207]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,445,1208]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 22. Female of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 16. Habitus of the female, lateral right view; 17. clypeus, arrows pointing to the suture; 18. antenna; 19. frontocular triangle; 20 – 21. scutum coloration pattern; 20. with anterior light direction; 21. with posterior light direction; 22. proximal part of the wing, with an arrow indicating the basal cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208786/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
). Clypeus prominent, higher than wide, with median longitudinal fissure (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8D5CFA2A0B2DFA71" box="[550,636,1444,1468]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 22" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1229,1252]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,445,1207]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,445,1208]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 22. Female of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 16. Habitus of the female, lateral right view; 17. clypeus, arrows pointing to the suture; 18. antenna; 19. frontocular triangle; 20 – 21. scutum coloration pattern; 20. with anterior light direction; 21. with posterior light direction; 22. proximal part of the wing, with an arrow indicating the basal cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208786/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
). Antenna (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8C79FA2A0A24FA71" box="[771,885,1444,1468]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 22" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1229,1252]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,445,1207]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,445,1208]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 22. Female of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 16. Habitus of the female, lateral right view; 17. clypeus, arrows pointing to the suture; 18. antenna; 19. frontocular triangle; 20 – 21. scutum coloration pattern; 20. with anterior light direction; 21. with posterior light direction; 22. proximal part of the wing, with an arrow indicating the basal cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208786/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Figure 18</figureCitation>
) with grayish pubescence, 
<quantity id="A91D9B670034C22E8BCBFA2A0C77FA71" box="[1201,1318,1444,1468]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="7.9" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.8">7.8–8 mm</quantity>
in length; scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellum pale brown, comprised of 9 tapering flagellomeres. Fronto-ocular triangle well developed, without infra-ocular suture (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8DF7FA620B8EF9C9" box="[653,735,1516,1540]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 22" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1229,1252]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,445,1207]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,445,1208]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 22. Female of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 16. Habitus of the female, lateral right view; 17. clypeus, arrows pointing to the suture; 18. antenna; 19. frontocular triangle; 20 – 21. scutum coloration pattern; 20. with anterior light direction; 21. with posterior light direction; 22. proximal part of the wing, with an arrow indicating the basal cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208786/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
) Maxillary palpomere (3:4:5) ratios = 1–1.23:1:1.28–1.3 (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8A15FA6209E7F9E5" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 29" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1475,1498]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,409,1443]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,409,1454]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 29. Pharate female of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 23. mouthparts; 24. claws; 25. third palpal segment; 26. cibarium; 27. cercus and paraproct, lateral view; 28. genital fork; 29. spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
); sensory organ about 1/3 of basal article length, with abundant tuberosities (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8B5AF99E0D27F9E5" box="[1056,1142,1552,1576]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 29" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1475,1498]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,409,1443]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,409,1454]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 29. Pharate female of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 23. mouthparts; 24. claws; 25. third palpal segment; 26. cibarium; 27. cercus and paraproct, lateral view; 28. genital fork; 29. spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
). Mandible denticulate on both sides with 38-39+1+21–24 teeth; maxilla with 12-13+1+19–20 teeth (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8B78F9BA0D08F981" box="[1026,1113,1588,1612]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 29" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1475,1498]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,409,1443]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,409,1454]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 29. Pharate female of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 23. mouthparts; 24. claws; 25. third palpal segment; 26. cibarium; 27. cercus and paraproct, lateral view; 28. genital fork; 29. spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
). Basal portion of cibarium smooth, without deep concavity, straight medially, with long sclerotized well-developed cornua and no teeth (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8A15F9D609E6F959" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 29" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1475,1498]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,409,1443]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,409,1454]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 29. Pharate female of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 23. mouthparts; 24. claws; 25. third palpal segment; 26. cibarium; 27. cercus and paraproct, lateral view; 28. genital fork; 29. spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
). Scutum and metanotum blackish. Scutum with 1 thin median and 1+1 wider submedian grayish vittae extending longitudinally from anterior to posterior; lateral and posterior margins and humeri blackish brown; prescutellar hairs black, recumbent; pleura blackish brown; scutellum black, with interspersed recumbent setae (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8A71F94A0CC1F911" box="[1291,1424,1732,1756]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 22" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1229,1252]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,445,1207]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,445,1208]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 22. Female of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 16. Habitus of the female, lateral right view; 17. clypeus, arrows pointing to the suture; 18. antenna; 19. frontocular triangle; 20 – 21. scutum coloration pattern; 20. with anterior light direction; 21. with posterior light direction; 22. proximal part of the wing, with an arrow indicating the basal cell." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208786/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Figs 20–21</figureCitation>
). Katepisternum higher than wide. Halteres light brown. Legs similar to those of male. Abdomen blackish with grayish pollinosity; tergal plates velvety and darker than remainder of abdomen; pleura glabrous with grayish pollinosity; cerci with rounded margin; paraproct also rounded and slightly higher than wide (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8B0BF8BE0D96F885" box="[1137,1223,1840,1864]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 29" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1475,1498]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,409,1443]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,409,1454]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 29. Pharate female of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 23. mouthparts; 24. claws; 25. third palpal segment; 26. cibarium; 27. cercus and paraproct, lateral view; 28. genital fork; 29. spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
); genital fork with thin, apically expanded median branch equal in length to lateral branches; (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8C89F8DA0D18F8A1" box="[1011,1097,1876,1900]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 29" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1475,1498]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,409,1443]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,409,1454]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 29. Pharate female of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 23. mouthparts; 24. claws; 25. third palpal segment; 26. cibarium; 27. cercus and paraproct, lateral view; 28. genital fork; 29. spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
); spermatheca subovoid, with duct, junction hyaline; spinules present (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070034C22E8D26F8F60BE1F85D" box="[604,688,1912,1936]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 29" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1475,1498]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,409,1443]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,409,1454]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 29. Pharate female of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 23. mouthparts; 24. claws; 25. third palpal segment; 26. cibarium; 27. cercus and paraproct, lateral view; 28. genital fork; 29. spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208787/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="32">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="3A9A660A0037C22D8FEDF9F80A76F904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208784/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" targetBox="[151,1424,193,1610]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="6E5A36820037C22D8FEDF9F80A76F904" blockId="2.[151,1436,1654,1738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900037C22D8FEDF9F80868F941" bold="true" box="[151,313,1654,1677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">FIGURES 1–9.</emphasis>
Male 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010037C22D8E03F9F90B31F940" box="[377,608,1655,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cearensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900037C22D8E03F9F90B31F940" box="[377,608,1655,1677]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Araucnephia cearensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="5C91EA900037C22D8D1FF9F90BCFF941" bold="true" box="[613,670,1655,1676]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47A257EB0037C22D8D1FF9F90BCFF941" box="[613,670,1655,1676]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
1. Habitus of the male, lateral right view; 2. fore leg; 3. mid leg; 4. hind leg; 5. antenna; 6 
<emphasis id="5C91EA900037C22D8E60F9180876F966" bold="true" box="[282,295,1686,1707]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">–</emphasis>
7. scutum coloration pattern; 6. with anterior light direction; 7. with posterior light direction; 8. clypeus, with an arrow pointing to a median longitudinal fissure; 9. furcasternum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6E5A36820037C22C8FBDF97C087FFEF2" blockId="2.[151,1436,1777,2018]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,319]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900037C22D8FBDF97C0853F8C4" box="[199,258,1778,1801]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Pupa</emphasis>
: cocoon length 
<quantity id="A91D9B670037C22D8ECEF97F0B5BF8C4" box="[436,522,1777,1801]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="6.3">6.3 mm</quantity>
(n = 4, mean = 5.9–6.7); total pupa length = 
<quantity id="A91D9B670037C22D8C85F97F0D05F8C4" box="[1023,1108,1777,1801]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="6.1">6.1 mm</quantity>
(n = 4, mean = 
<quantity id="A91D9B670037C22D8A7FF97F0CC1F8C4" box="[1285,1424,1777,1801]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.95" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="5.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="5.95" valueMax="6.2" valueMin="5.7">5.7–6.2 mm</quantity>
); gill length = 
<quantity id="A91D9B670037C22D8E5CF89B08EAF8E0" box="[294,443,1813,1837]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.38" metricValueMax="2.86" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="2.38" valueMax="2.86" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2.86 mm</quantity>
(n = 4, mean = 2.65). Cocoon shapeless, not compact, with evident threads of soft woollike fiber, covering pupa up to gills (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070037C22D8D54F8B70BD3F89C" box="[558,642,1849,1873]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1779,1802]" captionTargetBox="[176,1430,409,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,409,1758]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 35. Pupa of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 30. Pupa, dorsal view; 31. pupa dorsolateral view, cocoon omitted; 32. frontoclypeus, with an arrow indicating the cephalic trichomes with an increased area; 33. frontal trichomes (proximal part of head plate); 34. facial trichomes; 35. gill filaments, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208788/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
). Head of pupa and body dark brown (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070037C22D8B4BF8B70DD5F89C" box="[1073,1156,1849,1873]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1779,1802]" captionTargetBox="[176,1430,409,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,409,1758]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 35. Pupa of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 30. Pupa, dorsal view; 31. pupa dorsolateral view, cocoon omitted; 32. frontoclypeus, with an arrow indicating the cephalic trichomes with an increased area; 33. frontal trichomes (proximal part of head plate); 34. facial trichomes; 35. gill filaments, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208788/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
). Frontoclypeus and thorax without tubercles (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070037C22D8ED4F8D30B6AF8B8" box="[430,571,1885,1909]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1779,1802]" captionTargetBox="[176,1430,409,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,409,1758]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 35. Pupa of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 30. Pupa, dorsal view; 31. pupa dorsolateral view, cocoon omitted; 32. frontoclypeus, with an arrow indicating the cephalic trichomes with an increased area; 33. frontal trichomes (proximal part of head plate); 34. facial trichomes; 35. gill filaments, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208788/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Figs 32–34</figureCitation>
); frontoclypeus with 3+3 small, simple, variably positioned epicraneal trichomes. Thorax with 6–8 single small trichomes per side. Gills short, less than 1/3 of pupal length, with 27–35 terminal branches organized as short basal trunk, with five short and one long primary branch carrying 15 secondary branches (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070037C22D8E4FF84708D9F82C" box="[309,392,1993,2017]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 35" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1779,1802]" captionTargetBox="[176,1430,409,1734]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,409,1758]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 35. Pupa of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 30. Pupa, dorsal view; 31. pupa dorsolateral view, cocoon omitted; 32. frontoclypeus, with an arrow indicating the cephalic trichomes with an increased area; 33. frontal trichomes (proximal part of head plate); 34. facial trichomes; 35. gill filaments, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208788/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
). Abdomen hard, sclerotized, with numerous small sternal platelets (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070037C22D8BF0F8470D8EF82C" box="[1162,1247,1993,2017]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 41" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1964,1987]" captionTargetBox="[297,1284,193,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[297,1289,193,1943]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 41. Pupa of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 36. ventral side of abdominal sheath; 37. abdominal dorsal hooks; 38. dorsal side of abdominal sheath; 39. last abdominal segments; 40 – 41. hooks on the last abdominal segment." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208789/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
); onchotaxy typical of genus, with dorsal simple or bifid setae and ventral simple setae (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070036C22C8CA4FF190D32FF62" box="[990,1123,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 41" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1964,1987]" captionTargetBox="[297,1284,193,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[297,1289,193,1943]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 41. Pupa of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 36. ventral side of abdominal sheath; 37. abdominal dorsal hooks; 38. dorsal side of abdominal sheath; 39. last abdominal segments; 40 – 41. hooks on the last abdominal segment." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208789/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Figs 36–38</figureCitation>
). Sternites with basal spine comb; all sternites, except VII, with small rounded tubercles; sternites V to VII medially divided by longitudinal striate sternal membrane; sternite III with thin setae. Tergites V to IX with rows of large anterior spines; tergites III and IV with 4+4 small posterior hooks (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070036C22C8D29FE8A0B85FED1" box="[595,724,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 41" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1964,1987]" captionTargetBox="[297,1284,193,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[297,1289,193,1943]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 41. Pupa of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 36. ventral side of abdominal sheath; 37. abdominal dorsal hooks; 38. dorsal side of abdominal sheath; 39. last abdominal segments; 40 – 41. hooks on the last abdominal segment." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208789/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Figs 37, 39</figureCitation>
); tergite IX with two long terminal spines and looped trichomes (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070036C22C8FE5FEA90873FEF2" box="[159,290,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 41" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1964,1987]" captionTargetBox="[297,1284,193,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[297,1289,193,1943]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 41. Pupa of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 36. ventral side of abdominal sheath; 37. abdominal dorsal hooks; 38. dorsal side of abdominal sheath; 39. last abdominal segments; 40 – 41. hooks on the last abdominal segment." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208789/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Figs 40–41</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="3A9A660A0036C22C8FEDFADB0BF2FA47" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208785/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[164,1435,387,1343]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="6E5A36820036C22C8FEDFADB0BF2FA47" blockId="3.[151,1436,1365,1418]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900036C22C8FEDFADB0804FAA6" bold="true" box="[151,341,1365,1388]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">FIGURES 10–15.</emphasis>
Pharate male of 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010036C22C8D7EFAD80BBFFAA1" box="[516,750,1366,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cearensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900036C22C8D7EFAD80BBFFAA1" box="[516,750,1366,1388]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Araucnephia cearensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="5C91EA900036C22C8D8FFAD80A7EFAA6" bold="true" box="[757,815,1366,1387]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47A257EB0036C22C8D8FFAD80A7EFAA6" box="[757,815,1366,1387]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
10. head; 11. third palpal segment; 12. ventral plate; 13–15. gonostylus; 13. with spurs; 14–15. with three spurs.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6E5A36820036C22B8FBDFA3D0A15FE4A" blockId="3.[151,1437,1458,2023]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,391]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900036C22C8FBDFA3D085BFA07" box="[199,266,1459,1482]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Larva</emphasis>
: maximum length = 
<quantity id="A91D9B670036C22C8E8FFA3C0B36FA07" box="[501,615,1458,1482]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.45" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="8.45" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.9">7.9–9 mm</quantity>
(n = 5). Color, light grayish brown (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070036C22C8B7AFA3C0D05FA07" box="[1024,1108,1458,1482]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 47" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1177,1200]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1150]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1156]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 47. Larva of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 42. Habitus of the larva, dorsal view; 43. head, dorsal view; 44. cervical sclerite; 45. hypostomium, hypostomial bridge and postgenal cleft; 46. rectal papilla with three large lobes; 47. end of the larval abdomen, with an arrow indicating the ventral tubercles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208790/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
). Head light brown with positive spots and very evident ornamentation, with darker area around ocular spot; labral apotome spots dark brown with basal transverse spot, one anteromedial and one posteromedial head spot, and negative anterolateral head spots (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070036C22C8F9AF9900864F9FB" box="[224,309,1566,1590]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 47" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1177,1200]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1150]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1156]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 47. Larva of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 42. Habitus of the larva, dorsal view; 43. head, dorsal view; 44. cervical sclerite; 45. hypostomium, hypostomial bridge and postgenal cleft; 46. rectal papilla with three large lobes; 47. end of the larval abdomen, with an arrow indicating the ventral tubercles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208790/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). Cervical sclerite dark brown, wide, elliptical, and free of membrane (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070036C22C8B2FF9900DFBF9FB" box="[1109,1194,1566,1590]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 47" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1177,1200]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1150]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1156]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 47. Larva of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 42. Habitus of the larva, dorsal view; 43. head, dorsal view; 44. cervical sclerite; 45. hypostomium, hypostomial bridge and postgenal cleft; 46. rectal papilla with three large lobes; 47. end of the larval abdomen, with an arrow indicating the ventral tubercles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208790/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
). Postgenal cleft subtriangular and wider basally. Ratio of hypostomium/hypostomial bridge/postgenal cleft = 1:0.7–0.97:0.8–0.97 (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070036C22C8A15F9CC09E6F9B3" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 47" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1177,1200]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1150]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1156]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 47. Larva of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 42. Habitus of the larva, dorsal view; 43. head, dorsal view; 44. cervical sclerite; 45. hypostomium, hypostomial bridge and postgenal cleft; 46. rectal papilla with three large lobes; 47. end of the larval abdomen, with an arrow indicating the ventral tubercles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208790/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
). Hypostomium with one prominent median tooth, three less prominent and one reduced sublateral teeth, one lateral tooth, and three paralateral teeth (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070036C22C8D21F9040B8CF96F" box="[603,733,1674,1698]" captionStart="FIGURES 48 – 54" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[173,1427,517,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,503,1929]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 48 – 54. Larva of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 48. hypostomium; 49. hypostomal teeth and sublateral setae; 50 – 51. antenna; 50. light microscopy; 51. scanning electron microscopy; 52 – 53. SEM image of the mandible showing the mandibular teeth; 54. mandible, arrow pointing the lateromandibular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208791/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Figs 48–49</figureCitation>
), and 5–9 lateral serrations per side. Hypostomium with one or two irregular rows of 6–8 long, lateral setae per side, with 3–3 short setae posteriorly near hypostomal groove (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070036C22C8A14F92009E6F927" captionStart="FIGURES 48 – 54" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[173,1427,517,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,503,1929]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 48 – 54. Larva of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 48. hypostomium; 49. hypostomal teeth and sublateral setae; 50 – 51. antenna; 50. light microscopy; 51. scanning electron microscopy; 52 – 53. SEM image of the mandible showing the mandibular teeth; 54. mandible, arrow pointing the lateromandibular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208791/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
). Antennae shorter than stem of labral fan (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070036C22C8DE7F95C0BA0F927" box="[669,753,1746,1770]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 47" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1177,1200]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1150]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1156]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 47. Larva of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 42. Habitus of the larva, dorsal view; 43. head, dorsal view; 44. cervical sclerite; 45. hypostomium, hypostomial bridge and postgenal cleft; 46. rectal papilla with three large lobes; 47. end of the larval abdomen, with an arrow indicating the ventral tubercles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208790/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). Antennal articles sclerotized; ratio of antennal articles I–III = 1:1.6–2.3:2.7–3.08 (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070036C22C8EEEF9780B4BF8C3" box="[404,538,1782,1806]" captionStart="FIGURES 48 – 54" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[173,1427,517,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,503,1929]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 48 – 54. Larva of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 48. hypostomium; 49. hypostomal teeth and sublateral setae; 50 – 51. antenna; 50. light microscopy; 51. scanning electron microscopy; 52 – 53. SEM image of the mandible showing the mandibular teeth; 54. mandible, arrow pointing the lateromandibular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208791/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Figs 50–51</figureCitation>
). Basal portion of second segment pale, with other parts dark. Mandible (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070036C22C8A10F978098FF8FF" captionStart="FIGURES 48 – 54" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[173,1427,517,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,503,1929]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 48 – 54. Larva of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 48. hypostomium; 49. hypostomal teeth and sublateral setae; 50 – 51. antenna; 50. light microscopy; 51. scanning electron microscopy; 52 – 53. SEM image of the mandible showing the mandibular teeth; 54. mandible, arrow pointing the lateromandibular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208791/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Figs 52–54</figureCitation>
) with two outer teeth, one apical tooth, and three pre-apical teeth; third pre-apical tooth longer than first and first longer than second; internal teeth arranged in several rows; 8–12 marginal teeth, where first is longest; two accessory teeth on external side sometimes anterior to first or at same level as median internal; presence of small lateromandibular process (LMP) (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070036C22C8D60F8080B21F853" box="[538,624,1926,1950]" captionStart="FIGURES 48 – 54" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1950,1973]" captionTargetBox="[173,1427,517,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,503,1929]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 48 – 54. Larva of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 48. hypostomium; 49. hypostomal teeth and sublateral setae; 50 – 51. antenna; 50. light microscopy; 51. scanning electron microscopy; 52 – 53. SEM image of the mandible showing the mandibular teeth; 54. mandible, arrow pointing the lateromandibular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208791/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
). Labral fan with 40–42 rays (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070036C22C8CAAF8080D77F853" box="[976,1062,1926,1950]" captionStart="FIGURES 55 – 60" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1615,1638]" captionTargetBox="[163,1435,193,1589]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1594]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 55 – 60. Larval labral fan of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 55. Labral fan, general view; 56. rays of the labral fan showing two types of microtrichiae; 57. microtrichiae with a standard type of arrangement; 58. labral fan ray with apical microtrichiae, resembling a harpoon; 59. microtrichiae with a weak complex type arrangement; 60. proximal part of the labral fan, with an arrow indicating a small spine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208792/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
); according to 
<bibRefCitation id="0A744B730036C22C8BAEF80809B0F80F" author="Palmer" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" refString="Palmer, R. W. &amp; Craig, D. A. (2000) An ecological classification of primary labral fans of filter - feeding fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae. Can J Zool, 78, 199 - 218." type="journal article" year="2000">Palmer and Craig (2000)</bibRefCitation>
microtrichial classification, comb of rays basally weak complex 
<typeStatus id="B15E88200036C22C8CB5F8250AAEF80E" box="[975,1023,1963,1987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070036C22C8B6AF8240DC7F80F" box="[1040,1174,1962,1986]" captionStart="FIGURES 55 – 60" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1615,1638]" captionTargetBox="[163,1435,193,1589]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1594]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 55 – 60. Larval labral fan of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 55. Labral fan, general view; 56. rays of the labral fan showing two types of microtrichiae; 57. microtrichiae with a standard type of arrangement; 58. labral fan ray with apical microtrichiae, resembling a harpoon; 59. microtrichiae with a weak complex type arrangement; 60. proximal part of the labral fan, with an arrow indicating a small spine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208792/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Figs 59, 60</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070036C22C8BDEF8240DBFF80F" box="[1188,1262,1962,1986]" captionStart="FIGURES 61 – 65" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1184,1207]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1162]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1163]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 61 – 65. SEM image of the larval labral fan of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 61. Apex of the labral fan ray with microtrichiae in a standard type arrangement; 62. microtrichiae in a standard type arrangement; 63 – 65. microtrichiae in a weak complex type arrangement, with two rows of microtrichiae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208793/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">63–65</figureCitation>
), standard 
<typeStatus id="B15E88200036C22C8A16F8250CCDF80E" box="[1388,1436,1963,1987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
apically (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070036C22C8F85F84008D1F82B" box="[255,384,1998,2022]" captionStart="FIGURES 55 – 60" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1615,1638]" captionTargetBox="[163,1435,193,1589]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1594]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 55 – 60. Larval labral fan of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 55. Labral fan, general view; 56. rays of the labral fan showing two types of microtrichiae; 57. microtrichiae with a standard type of arrangement; 58. labral fan ray with apical microtrichiae, resembling a harpoon; 59. microtrichiae with a weak complex type arrangement; 60. proximal part of the labral fan, with an arrow indicating a small spine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208792/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Figs 56–58</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070036C22C8EF6F8400887F82B" box="[396,470,1998,2022]" captionStart="FIGURES 61 – 65" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1184,1207]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1162]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1163]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 61 – 65. SEM image of the larval labral fan of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 61. Apex of the labral fan ray with microtrichiae in a standard type arrangement; 62. microtrichiae in a standard type arrangement; 63 – 65. microtrichiae in a weak complex type arrangement, with two rows of microtrichiae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208793/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">61–62</figureCitation>
), while apex of microtrichiae large and strong, larger than others, resembling harpoon (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070031C22B8FE5FF1909A9FF62" box="[159,248,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURES 55 – 60" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1615,1638]" captionTargetBox="[163,1435,193,1589]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1594]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 55 – 60. Larval labral fan of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 55. Labral fan, general view; 56. rays of the labral fan showing two types of microtrichiae; 57. microtrichiae with a standard type of arrangement; 58. labral fan ray with apical microtrichiae, resembling a harpoon; 59. microtrichiae with a weak complex type arrangement; 60. proximal part of the labral fan, with an arrow indicating a small spine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208792/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Figs 58</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070031C22B8E7EFF19081FFF62" box="[260,334,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURES 61 – 65" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1184,1207]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1162]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1163]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 61 – 65. SEM image of the larval labral fan of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 61. Apex of the labral fan ray with microtrichiae in a standard type arrangement; 62. microtrichiae in a standard type arrangement; 63 – 65. microtrichiae in a weak complex type arrangement, with two rows of microtrichiae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208793/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">61–62</figureCitation>
). Second very small row of microtrichiae present (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070031C22B8CF5FF190D45FF62" box="[911,1044,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURES 61 – 65" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1184,1207]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1162]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1163]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 61 – 65. SEM image of the larval labral fan of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 61. Apex of the labral fan ray with microtrichiae in a standard type arrangement; 62. microtrichiae in a standard type arrangement; 63 – 65. microtrichiae in a weak complex type arrangement, with two rows of microtrichiae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208793/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Figs 61–65</figureCitation>
). Labral fan (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070031C22B8BD4FF190C52FF62" box="[1198,1283,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURES 55 – 60" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1615,1638]" captionTargetBox="[163,1435,193,1589]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1594]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 55 – 60. Larval labral fan of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 55. Labral fan, general view; 56. rays of the labral fan showing two types of microtrichiae; 57. microtrichiae with a standard type of arrangement; 58. labral fan ray with apical microtrichiae, resembling a harpoon; 59. microtrichiae with a weak complex type arrangement; 60. proximal part of the labral fan, with an arrow indicating a small spine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208792/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
), with poorly developed spine basally; labral fan base/apex ratio = 1:3–4.3; scale fan with 6–7 rays. Labral sclerite with small teeth. Prothoracic proleg sclerite enlarged medially, with ungrouped setae; comb with 15–17 teeth (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070031C22B8A71FF510CC1FF3A" box="[1291,1424,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURES 66 – 69" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1392,1415]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1370]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1371]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 66 – 69. Larva of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 66. lateral sclerite of a proleg; 67. comb of a prothoracic proleg sclerite; 68. anal sclerite and hooks of the posterior circlet; 69. Median accessory sclerite between the posterior arms of the anal sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208794/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Figs 66–67</figureCitation>
). Anal sclerite X-shaped (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070031C22B8ECAFE8A0B56FED1" box="[432,519,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURES 66 – 69" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1392,1415]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1370]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1371]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 66 – 69. Larva of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 66. lateral sclerite of a proleg; 67. comb of a prothoracic proleg sclerite; 68. anal sclerite and hooks of the posterior circlet; 69. Median accessory sclerite between the posterior arms of the anal sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208794/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
), with single trichomes and abundant scales bearing 4–8 branches; presence of uncommon taxonomically median accessory sclerite between posterior arms of the anal sclerite, projecting among the row of hooks (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070031C22B8E0FFEC2089FFEA9" box="[373,462,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 66 – 69" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1392,1415]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1370]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1371]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 66 – 69. Larva of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 66. lateral sclerite of a proleg; 67. comb of a prothoracic proleg sclerite; 68. anal sclerite and hooks of the posterior circlet; 69. Median accessory sclerite between the posterior arms of the anal sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208794/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
). Anal ring with 124–129 rows, each with 19–25 hooks. Anal gill with three long unbranched lobes (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070031C22B8E11FEE108EEFE4A" box="[363,447,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 47" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1177,1200]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1150]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1156]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 47. Larva of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 42. Habitus of the larva, dorsal view; 43. head, dorsal view; 44. cervical sclerite; 45. hypostomium, hypostomial bridge and postgenal cleft; 46. rectal papilla with three large lobes; 47. end of the larval abdomen, with an arrow indicating the ventral tubercles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208790/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
), Ventral tubercles small (
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070031C22B8D98FEE10A66FE4A" box="[738,823,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 47" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1177,1200]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1150]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1156]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 47. Larva of Araucnephia cearensis n. sp. 42. Habitus of the larva, dorsal view; 43. head, dorsal view; 44. cervical sclerite; 45. hypostomium, hypostomial bridge and postgenal cleft; 46. rectal papilla with three large lobes; 47. end of the larval abdomen, with an arrow indicating the ventral tubercles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208790/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="3A9A660A0031C22B8FEDFB430DFDFAED" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208786/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[151,1435,445,1207]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="6E5A36820031C22B8FEDFB430DFDFAED" blockId="4.[151,1436,1229,1313]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900031C22B8FEDFB430804FB2F" bold="true" box="[151,341,1229,1252]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">FIGURES 16–22.</emphasis>
Female of 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010031C22B8EB6FB430BE7FB2E" box="[460,694,1229,1251]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cearensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900031C22B8EB6FB430BE7FB2E" box="[460,694,1229,1251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Araucnephia cearensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="5C91EA900031C22B8DC7FB400BA9FB2E" bold="true" box="[701,760,1230,1251]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47A257EB0031C22B8DC7FB400BA9FB2E" box="[701,760,1230,1251]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
16. Habitus of the female, lateral right view; 17. clypeus, arrows pointing to the suture; 18. antenna; 19. frontocular triangle; 20–21. scutum coloration pattern; 20. with anterior light direction; 21. with posterior light direction; 22. proximal part of the wing, with an arrow indicating the basal cell.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="26FF65090031C22B8FBDFAC6081EF905" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="6E5A36820031C22B8FBDFAC60DB8FAAD" blockId="4.[151,1436,1352,2025]" box="[199,1257,1352,1376]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900031C22B8FBDFAC6081FFAAD" bold="true" box="[199,334,1352,1376]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010031C22B8D58FAC70BDAFAAD" box="[546,651,1353,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cearensis">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900031C22B8D58FAC70BDAFAAD" box="[546,651,1353,1376]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">cearensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the state of 
<typeStatus id="B15E88200031C22B8C0DFAC70AF6FAAD" box="[887,935,1353,1376]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
locality, Ceará State, 
<collectingCountry id="16F276120031C22B8BE6FAC60DB5FAAD" box="[1180,1252,1352,1376]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6E5A36820031C22B8FBDFAE2081EF905" blockId="4.[151,1436,1352,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900031C22B8FBDFAE2081BFA48" bold="true" box="[199,330,1388,1413]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Bionomics.</emphasis>
Most of the aquatic forms were collected from rocks while a few were found among deciduous leaves in poorly lit riffles. The stream at the 
<typeStatus id="B15E88200031C22B8DEBFA1F0B90FA64" box="[657,705,1425,1449]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
locality was mostly bedrock bottomed and its flow was reduced during the dry season (width = 
<quantity id="A91D9B670031C22B8E82FA3A0B6AFA01" box="[504,571,1460,1484]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</quantity>
, depth = 
<quantity id="A91D9B670031C22B8DDEFA3A0A5AFA01" box="[676,779,1460,1484]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="5.0">5–20 cm</quantity>
). We sampled the area several times during the dry season and we collected very few larvae, although the small stream had flowing water at all sampling points. In 
<date id="1A5B10420031C22B8A29FA560980F9D9" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" value="2011-03">March 2011</date>
, we collected more individuals during the rainy season so population size of this species appears to be strongly associated with periods of cooler, wetter weather when the flow, velocity, and turbidity of the stream are increased. We did not find this species in other tributaries of the Gavião River near this small stream, which seemingly had the same physical characteristics. Other 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010031C22B8DB6F9E60A0CF94D" box="[716,861,1640,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900031C22B8DB6F9E60A0CF94D" box="[716,861,1640,1664]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Araucnephia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are anthropophilic (Coscarón &amp; Coscarón- Arias 2002, 
<bibRefCitation id="0A744B730031C22B8E5CF9020BF5F969" author="Wygodzinsky" box="[294,676,1676,1700]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" refString="Wygodzinsky, P. &amp; Coscaron, S. (1973 b) Notes on South American black flies of the Tribe Prosimuliini (Simuliinae, Simuliidae, Diptera) American Museum Novitates, 2529, 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1973" yearSuffix="b">Wygodzinsky &amp; Coscarón 1973b</bibRefCitation>
), but none of the collectors (FACP and CMRV) felt any black fly bites in the area.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="26FF65090031C2278FBDF95B0B0BFA12" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6E5A36820031C22B8FBDF95B08CFF8F9" blockId="4.[151,1436,1352,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900031C22B8FBDF95B080CF920" bold="true" box="[199,349,1748,1773]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
<typeStatus id="B15E88200031C22B8FBDF95B0851F920" box="[199,256,1749,1773]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
: Specimens were collected from a small tributary of the Gavião River, near Erundina Hotel, Balneário Cascatinha Road, Mount Maranguape, approximately 750 masl, Maranguape Municipality, Ceará State, 
<geoCoordinate id="0BD150450031C22B8FEDF892085CF8F9" box="[151,269,1819,1844]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" precision="15" value="-3.8908331">3°53′27&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 3441′08&quot;W.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6E5A36820031C22A8FBDF8B10CC7FEA9" blockId="4.[151,1436,1352,2025]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900031C22B8FBDF8B10884F895" bold="true" box="[199,469,1855,1880]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Taxonomic comments:</emphasis>
Wygodzinsky and Coscarón (1973) created the genus 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010031C22B8B38F8CE0D82F895" box="[1090,1235,1856,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900031C22B8B38F8CE0D82F895" box="[1090,1235,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Araucnephia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based upon characters of the female genitalia and mandibles (toothed), pupal trichome patterns, and antenna length and hypostomium structure of the larva. 
<bibRefCitation id="0A744B730031C22B8EA9F8060A25F86D" author="Coscaron" box="[467,884,1928,1952]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" refString="Coscaron, S. &amp; Coscaron-Arias, C. L. (2002) Araucnephia iberaensis n. sp., a Neotropical black fly with a peculiar distribution (Diptera - Simuliidae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 97, 1, 81 - 87." type="journal article" year="2002">Coscarón and Coscarón-Arias (2002)</bibRefCitation>
maintained the genus when they described a new species, 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010031C22B8F8DF82208DAF809" box="[247,395,1964,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iberaensis">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900031C22B8F8DF82208DAF809" box="[247,395,1964,1988]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">A. iberaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<collectingCountry id="16F276120031C22B8EA0F8220B1CF809" box="[474,589,1964,1988]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, while in 2007 (Coscarón and Coscarón-Arias) they provided keys for the identification of the species. In 2010, Shelley 
<emphasis id="5C91EA900031C22B8DE5F85F0B89F825" box="[671,728,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">et al.</emphasis>
proposed the synonymy of 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010031C22B8B6FF85E0DF7F825" box="[1045,1190,2000,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900031C22B8B6FF85E0DF7F825" box="[1045,1190,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Araucnephia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010031C22A8BA4F85E0893FF62" authority="Wygodzinsky &amp; Coscaron" authorityName="Wygodzinsky &amp; Coscaron" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephioides" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="36" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900031C22B8BA4F85E0CCDF825" box="[1246,1436,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Araucnephioides</emphasis>
Wygodzinsky &amp; Coscarón
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8D7EFF160AEFFF62" authority="d'Andretta Jr &amp; Vulcano" authorityName="d'Andretta Jr &amp; Vulcano" box="[516,958,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Lutzsimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8D7EFF160BCAFF7D" box="[516,667,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Lutzsimulium</emphasis>
d'Andretta Jr &amp; Vulcano
</taxonomicName>
, based on the presence of looped thoracic trichomes. Such trichomes are present in 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8D1FFF320BA9FF19" box="[613,760,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iberaensis">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8D1FFF320BA9FF19" box="[613,760,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">A. iberaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but not in other members of the genus. Thus, the taxonomic limits of 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8F86FF6E08DCFF35" box="[252,397,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8F86FF6E08DCFF35" box="[252,397,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Araucnephia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8EB9FF6E0BD0FF35" box="[451,641,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8EB9FF6E0BD0FF35" box="[451,641,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Araucnephioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remain controversial. However, morphological-based phylogenies that consider multiple characters do not group 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8D15FE8A0A57FED1" box="[623,774,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Lutzsimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8D15FE8A0A57FED1" box="[623,774,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Lutzsimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8C6EFE8A0AFDFED1" box="[788,940,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8C6EFE8A0AF9FED1" box="[788,936,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Araucnephia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8C98FE8A0DF1FED1" box="[994,1184,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephioides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8C98FE8A0DF1FED1" box="[994,1184,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Araucnephioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a single monophyletic clade (Gil-Azevedo &amp; Maia Herzog (2007), 
<bibRefCitation id="0A744B730030C22A8DB3FEA90AF1FEF2" author="Gil-Azevedo" box="[713,928,295,319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" refString="Gil-Azevedo, L. H. (2010) Review and phylogeny of Lutzsimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae). Zoologia, 27, 761 - 788." type="journal article" year="2010">Gil-Azevedo 2010</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="0A744B730030C22A8CCFFEA90DBCFEF2" author="Adler" box="[949,1261,295,319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" refString="Adler P. H. &amp; Crosskey R. W. (2012) World Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae): a comprehensive revision of the taxonomic and geographical inventory. Avalible from http: // entweb. clemson. edu / biomia / pdfs / blackflyinventory. pdf (Acessed 05 / 22 / 2012)" type="journal article" year="2012">Adler and Crosskey (2012)</bibRefCitation>
recognized the genus 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8FA5FEC20821FEA9" box="[223,368,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8FA5FEC20821FEA9" box="[223,368,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Araucnephia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in their latest World species checklist, so we have also decided to recognize the genus as valid.
</paragraph>
<caption id="3A9A660A0030C22A8FEDFA4D0A8AFA35" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208787/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" targetBox="[162,1427,409,1443]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="6E5A36820030C22A8FEDFA4D0A8AFA35" blockId="5.[151,1437,1475,1528]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8FEDFA4D0807FA14" bold="true" box="[151,342,1475,1498]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">FIGURES 23–29.</emphasis>
Pharate female of 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8D64FA4A0A58FA17" box="[542,777,1476,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cearensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8D64FA4A0A58FA17" box="[542,777,1476,1498]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Araucnephia cearensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8C6BFA4A0A1CFA14" bold="true" box="[785,845,1476,1497]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47A257EB0030C22A8C6BFA4A0A1CFA14" box="[785,845,1476,1497]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
23. mouthparts; 24. claws; 25. third palpal segment; 26. cibarium; 27. cercus and paraproct, lateral view; 28. genital fork; 29. spermatheca.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6E5A36820030C2298FB3F9910AD8FEA9" blockId="5.[151,1436,1567,2025]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,356]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
The new species follows the general pattern of 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8DADF9AE0A39F9F5" box="[727,872,1568,1592]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8DADF9AE0A39F9F5" box="[727,872,1568,1592]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Araucnephia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as defined by Wygodzinsky and Coscarón (1973), 
<bibRefCitation id="0A744B730030C22A8FEDF9CD080AF996" author="Py-Daniel" box="[151,347,1603,1627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" refString="Py-Daniel, V. (1990) Revisao da Tribo Prosimuliini (Diptera, Culicomorpha) nas regioes Zoogeograficas Neartica e Neotropical (larvas e pupas). Thesis. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da amazonia, Manaus, 350 pp." type="book" year="1990">Py-Daniel (1990)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="0A744B730030C22A8EEEF9CD0A6CF996" author="Coscaron" box="[404,829,1603,1627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" refString="Coscaron, S. &amp; Coscaron-Arias, C. L. (2002) Araucnephia iberaensis n. sp., a Neotropical black fly with a peculiar distribution (Diptera - Simuliidae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 97, 1, 81 - 87." type="journal article" year="2002">Coscarón and Coscarón-Arias (2002)</bibRefCitation>
. The pupae can be separated from other 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8A71F9CA0CCDF991" box="[1291,1436,1604,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8A71F9CA0CCDF991" box="[1291,1436,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Araucnephia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pupae based on the number of gills (
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8D49F9E60BE4F94D" box="[563,693,1640,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8D49F9E60BE4F94D" box="[563,693,1640,1664]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">A. montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 14, 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8C6EF9E60AF7F94D" box="[788,934,1640,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iberaensis">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8C6EF9E60AF7F94D" box="[788,934,1640,1664]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">A. iberaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has 9, and 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8B5DF9E60DE1F94D" box="[1063,1200,1640,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cearensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8B5DF9E60DE1F94D" box="[1063,1200,1640,1664]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">A. cearensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47A257EB0030C22A8BCDF9E60C40F94D" box="[1207,1297,1640,1664]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8BCDF9E60D80F94D" bold="true" box="[1207,1233,1640,1664]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8B9AF9E60C40F94D" bold="true" box="[1248,1297,1640,1664]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
has 25–35). Another evident autapomorphy of the pupae of 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8DCDF9020A10F969" box="[695,833,1676,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cearensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8DCDF9020A10F969" box="[695,833,1676,1700]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">A. cearensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8C30F9020AF4F969" bold="true" box="[842,933,1676,1700]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47A257EB0030C22A8C30F9020AF4F969" box="[842,933,1676,1700]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is its fully enclosed pupal cocoon, which is shapeless and completely obscures all internal pupal structures. Pupae from the other two described species in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8FA5F95A0821F921" box="[223,368,1748,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8FA5F95A0821F921" box="[223,368,1748,1772]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Araucnephia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have exposed gills. As with 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8DCAF95A0A61F921" box="[688,816,1748,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8DCAF95A0A61F921" box="[688,816,1748,1772]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">A. montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pupae, the frontoclypeus and thorax of 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8B96F95A0C25F921" box="[1260,1396,1748,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cearensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8B96F95A0C25F921" box="[1260,1396,1748,1772]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">A. cearensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47A257EB0030C22A8A00F95A0999F8DD" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8A00F95A0CC5F921" bold="true" box="[1402,1428,1748,1772]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8FEDF9760999F8DD" bold="true" box="[151,200,1784,1808]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
lack the platelets present in 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8D71F9760BCFF8DD" box="[523,670,1784,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iberaensis">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8D71F9760BCFF8DD" box="[523,670,1784,1808]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">A. iberaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pupae. The larva of 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8CF3F9760D43F8DD" box="[905,1042,1784,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cearensis">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8CF3F9760D43F8DD" box="[905,1042,1784,1808]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">A. cearensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8A60F9760CCDF8DD" box="[1306,1436,1784,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8A60F9760CCDF8DD" box="[1306,1436,1784,1808]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">A. montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8FBDF892080AF8F9" box="[199,347,1820,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iberaensis">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8FBDF892080AF8F9" box="[199,347,1820,1844]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">A. iberaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on its median accessory anal sclerite, which is not present in the other two species in the genus. The lateromandibular process found in 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8DD3F8CE0A62F895" box="[681,819,1856,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cearensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8DD3F8CE0A62F895" box="[681,819,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">A. cearensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47A257EB0030C22A8C41F8CE0AC7F895" box="[827,918,1856,1880]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8C41F8CE0AC7F895" bold="true" box="[827,918,1856,1880]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is similar to that found in 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8BB0F8CE0C0FF895" box="[1226,1374,1856,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iberaensis">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8BB0F8CE0C0FF895" box="[1226,1374,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">A. iberaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="F6DE2A070030C22A8A14F8B109E7F8B6" captionStart="FIGURE 70" captionStartId="12.[151,250,2005,2028]" captionTargetBox="[473,1115,1509,1981]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[473,1116,1508,1982]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 70. Mandible of Araucnephia iberaensis larvae, with an arrow indicating the lateromandibular process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208795/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Fig. 70</figureCitation>
), which was not mentioned in the original description although it was drawn partially (Coscarón and Coscarón- Arias, 2002; fig. G, page 86). Slide-mounted mandibles of 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C22A8C56F8060AFCF86D" box="[812,941,1928,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C22A8C56F8060AFCF86D" box="[812,941,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">A. montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae lack this structure. 
<bibRefCitation id="0A744B730030C22A8BADF80609B0F80E" author="Palmer" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" refString="Palmer, R. W. &amp; Craig, D. A. (2000) An ecological classification of primary labral fans of filter - feeding fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae. Can J Zool, 78, 199 - 218." type="journal article" year="2000">Palmer and Craig (2000)</bibRefCitation>
correlated the microtrichiae 
<typeStatus id="B15E88200030C22A8D54F8220B38F809" box="[558,617,1964,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">types</typeStatus>
in black fly labral fans with the 
<typeStatus id="B15E88200030C22A8C92F8220D49F809" box="[1000,1048,1964,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
of stream/river they inhabit. Two 
<typeStatus id="B15E88200030C22A8FEDF85F0983F824" box="[151,210,2001,2025]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">types</typeStatus>
of labral fan arrangements were recorded in this new species. These two forms are also present in 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010030C2298A38F85E0998FF7D" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="37" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900030C2298A38F85E0998FF7D" italics="true" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">A. montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010033C2298E41FF16089FFF7D" box="[315,462,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iberaensis">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900033C2298E41FF16089FFF7D" box="[315,462,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">A. iberaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only one microtrichial arrangement, i.e., a weak complex form. A possible explanation for the presence of two microtrichiae patterns in both 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010033C2298C13FF320ABFFF19" box="[873,1006,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900033C2298C13FF320ABFFF19" box="[873,1006,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">A. montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010033C2298B57FF320DE8FF19" box="[1069,1209,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cearensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900033C2298B57FF320DE8FF19" box="[1069,1209,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">A. cearensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="5C91EA900033C2298BBEFF320C73FF19" bold="true" box="[1220,1314,188,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47A257EB0033C2298BBEFF320C73FF19" box="[1220,1314,188,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
species is disruptive selection. Both 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010033C2298EC6FF6E0BE4FF35" box="[444,693,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900033C2298EC6FF6E0BE4FF35" box="[444,693,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Araucnephia montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010033C2298D91FF6E0A22FF35" box="[747,883,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cearensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900033C2298D91FF6E0A22FF35" box="[747,883,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">A. cearensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="5C91EA900033C2298C03FF6E0A82FF35" bold="true" box="[889,979,224,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47A257EB0033C2298C03FF6E0A82FF35" box="[889,979,224,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
larvae are found in mountainous regions where the water levels and flow velocities may vary dramatically between the dry and wet seasons. Thus, it is possible that the maintenance of these two very different arrangements within a single species could be a result of different filter-feeding selection pressures, which fluctuate seasonally.
</paragraph>
<caption id="3A9A660A0033C2298FEDF97D0A4EF88A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208788/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[176,1430,409,1734]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="6E5A36820033C2298FEDF97D0A4EF88A" blockId="6.[151,1437,1779,1863]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900033C2298FEDF97D0802F8C4" bold="true" box="[151,339,1779,1802]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">FIGURES 30–35.</emphasis>
Pupa of 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010033C2298ED6F97A0BC5F8C7" box="[428,660,1780,1802]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cearensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900033C2298ED6F97A0BC5F8C7" box="[428,660,1780,1802]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Araucnephia cearensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="5C91EA900033C2298DE3F97A0B83F8C4" bold="true" box="[665,722,1780,1801]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47A257EB0033C2298DE3F97A0B83F8C4" box="[665,722,1780,1801]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
30. Pupa, dorsal view; 31. pupa dorsolateral view, cocoon omitted; 32. frontoclypeus, with an arrow indicating the cephalic trichomes with an increased area; 33. frontal trichomes (proximal part of head plate); 34. facial trichomes; 35. gill filaments, lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6E5A36820033C2278FB3F8E00B0BFA12" blockId="6.[151,1436,1902,2034]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,1300,1504]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">
The 
<typeStatus id="B15E88200033C2298F86F8E1087DF84A" box="[252,300,1903,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010033C2298ED7F8E00B67F84B" box="[429,566,1902,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cearensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900033C2298ED7F8E00B67F84B" box="[429,566,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">A. cearensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47A257EB0033C2298D47F8E10BC6F84A" box="[573,663,1903,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" rank="species">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900033C2298D47F8E10B06F84A" bold="true" box="[573,599,1903,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">sp</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="5C91EA900033C2298D1CF8E10BC6F84A" bold="true" box="[614,663,1903,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, i.e., Mount Maranguape, is part of a mountain range that comprises the Brazilian shield. This geological formation is composed of crystalline rocks from the Inferior and Medium Precambrian, which are much older than the Andean mountains (that arose during the Tertiary period). 
<bibRefCitation id="0A744B730033C2298A78F83808C9F83F" author="Coscaron" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" refString="Coscaron, S. &amp; Coscaron-Arias, C. L. (1995) Distribution of Neotropical Simuliidae (Insecta: Diptera) and its areas of endemism. Rev Acad Colomb Cienc, 19, 717 - 732." type="journal article" year="1995">Coscarón and Coscarón-Arias (1995)</bibRefCitation>
initially proposed that 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D010033C2298DE0F8540A7AF83F" box="[666,811,2010,2034]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5C91EA900033C2298DE0F8540A7AF83F" box="[666,811,2010,2034]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">Araucnephia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might be restricted to southern South 
<collectingCountry id="16F276120033C2298BAFF8540C64F83F" box="[1237,1333,2010,2034]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="37">America</collectingCountry>
because of their high degree of endemism and the strong biogeographic barrier separating the Chilean and the Argentinean Andean regions from the Eastern lowlands. However, they revised this proposal when they described 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D01003DC2278AFEFAB6085BFAB9" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iberaensis">
<emphasis id="5C91EA90003DC2278AFEFAB6085BFAB9" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">A. iberaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Argentinean lowland (
<bibRefCitation id="0A744B73003DC2278D22FAD20AB1FAB9" author="Coscaron" box="[600,992,1372,1396]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Coscaron, S. &amp; Coscaron-Arias, C. L. (2002) Araucnephia iberaensis n. sp., a Neotropical black fly with a peculiar distribution (Diptera - Simuliidae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 97, 1, 81 - 87." type="journal article" year="2002">Coscarón &amp; Coscarón-Arias 2002</bibRefCitation>
). The results presented here extend the northern range of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D01003DC2278EA0FA0E0B3AFA55" box="[474,619,1408,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5C91EA90003DC2278EA0FA0E0B3AFA55" box="[474,619,1408,1432]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Araucnephia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
beyond an ancient mountain range that arose prior to the Andes. These data agree better with the hypothesis that 
<taxonomicName id="A9E54D01003DC2278D1CFA2A0BA6FA71" box="[614,759,1444,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Araucnephia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5C91EA90003DC2278D1CFA2A0BA6FA71" box="[614,759,1444,1468]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">Araucnephia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are derived from a common, widespread Gondwanan ancestor (
<bibRefCitation id="0A744B73003DC2278FBEFA490B1CFA12" author="Coscaron" box="[196,589,1479,1503]" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" refString="Coscaron, S. &amp; Coscaron-Arias, C. L. (1995) Distribution of Neotropical Simuliidae (Insecta: Diptera) and its areas of endemism. Rev Acad Colomb Cienc, 19, 717 - 732." type="journal article" year="1995">Coscarón &amp; Coscarón-Árias, 1995</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>