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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729" ID-GBIF-Dataset="84c8a2ac-d7b8-46f3-9888-ce6c1485ac65" ID-PMC="PMC3088436" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-68-1" ID-PubMed="21594036" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2010" ModsDocID="1313-2970-68-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 68" ModsDocTitle="Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho)calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)" checkinTime="1451250894870" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Van Soest, Rob W. M., Beglinger, Elly J. &amp; De Voogd, Nicole J." docDate="2010" docId="CD8AC335A038E7A12BA3849689E0DD9B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 68: 1-88" docOrigin="ZooKeys 68" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729" docTitle="Dercitus (Stoeba) arubensis Soest, Beglinger &amp; Voogd, 2010, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="5D0AFFB7C87613675E79FFF7DA38AE2E" masterDocTitle="Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho-) calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1668164561298" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho-) calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Van Soest, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Beglinger, Elly J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>De Voogd, Nicole J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>68</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>88</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-68-1</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159360702" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:90683880-683F-4EDB-B392-1B759B1AEDE3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CD8AC335A038E7A12BA3849689E0DD9B" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:90683880-683F-4EDB-B392-1B759B1AEDE3" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Stoeba) arubensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arubensis" subGenus="Stoeba">Dercitus Stoeba arubensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="38" pageNumber="39">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 21
<normalizedToken originalValue="AF">A-F</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Holotype ZMA Por. 08984, Netherlands Antilles, Aruba, Lagoon Boekoeti, underneath coral rubble, 0-1 m, coll. P. Wagenaar Hummelinck, nr. 1004, 29 December 1948.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Small soft patches of a brown-red colour insinuating in three coral fragments (Fig. 21A), occupying spaces less than 5 mm in diameter. No remarkable macroscopical features.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Skeleton: Confused mass of calthrops and microscleres, no explicit structure.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<pageBreakToken pageId="39" pageNumber="40" start="start">Spicules</pageBreakToken>
: Calthrops, sanidasters and microrhabds.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Calthrops (Figs 21
<normalizedToken originalValue="BC">B-C</normalizedToken>
) with gradually curved cladi, the apices of the cladi variously sharply pointed or blunt, occasionally displaying three-claded forms. Cladi: 60
<normalizedToken originalValue="119.2">-119.2-</normalizedToken>
174
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
9
<normalizedToken originalValue="14.9">-14.9-</normalizedToken>
21
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, cladomes: 96
<normalizedToken originalValue="192.7">-192.7-</normalizedToken>
264.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Sanidasters (Fig. 21D) variable in shape and size, varying from thin amphiaster-like forms with clusters of spines at the ends or at least separated in the middle by a stretch with few spines, to fusiform or fat simple spined forms, size 16
<normalizedToken originalValue="20.8">-20.8-</normalizedToken>
26
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1
<normalizedToken originalValue="2.1">-2.1-</normalizedToken>
3.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Microrhabds (Figs 21F) short and thick, almost smooth, with only scattered very short spines, 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="7.7">-7.7-</normalizedToken>
9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3-4
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. The microrhabds very likely derive from the sanidasters as there are some stages (Fig. 20E) which appear intermediate.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Figure 21.
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Halinastra) arubensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arubensis" subGenus="Halinastra">Dercitus (Halinastra) arubensis</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype ZMA Por. 08984, from Netherlands Antilles, Aruba, A habit insinuating and encrusting coral rubble B various calthrops C overview of spicules D sanidasters E compressed sanidasters F smooth and spined microrhabds.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Named after the holotype locality.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Shallow-water, under coral rubble.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<pageBreakToken pageId="40" pageNumber="41" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">So far known only from the island of Aruba, Southern Caribbean.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
The microrhabds are unique among species of the genus
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Dercitus</taxonomicName>
s.l. The genus
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" genus="Pachastrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachastrella" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Pachastrella</taxonomicName>
also possesses short and thick acanthose microrhabds, but in that genus the microrhabds are much more regularly spined, not of the irregular type found in the present species. Furthermore,
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" genus="Pachastrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachastrella" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Pachastrella</taxonomicName>
species possess oxeas as megascleres next to calthrops or short-shafted (dicho-)triaenes and various types of streptasters such as amphiasters and spirasters.
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Calthropellidae" genus="Calthropella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calthropella (Pachataxa)" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Porifera" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pachataxa">Calthropella (Pachataxa)</taxonomicName>
species (family
<taxonomicName family="Calthropellidae" lsidName="" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" rank="family">Calthropellidae</taxonomicName>
) have ataxasters which may look similar in shape, but in addition these possess euasters (see below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>