201 lines
21 KiB
XML
201 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.357.5946" ID-GBIF-Dataset="52380c92-4cfd-40b7-85c9-0d2ec55946b6" ID-PMC="PMC3867170" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-357-67" ID-PubMed="24363580" ID-ZBK="8A85CE8BBCC7424E92FA18B5D1E40788" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-357-67" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 357" ModsDocTitle="The ant genus Carebara Westwood in the Arabian Peninsula (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" checkinTime="1451246611810" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sharaf, Mostafa R. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S." docDate="2013" docId="C7D2EC92A962987C1EBFD869C37409D1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 357: 67-83" docOrigin="ZooKeys 357" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.357.5946" docTitle="Carebara arabica Collingwood & van Harten 2001" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="867A516DFFA4FFC38A19FFAFFFEEFF99" masterDocTitle="The ant genus Carebara Westwood in the Arabian Peninsula (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="69" updateTime="1668157067768" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The ant genus Carebara Westwood in the Arabian Peninsula (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sharaf, Mostafa R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>357</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>67</mods:start>
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<mods:end>83</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.357.5946</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.357.5946</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-357-67</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">8A85CE8BBCC7424E92FA18B5D1E40788</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">8A85CE8BBCC7424E92FA18B5D1E40788</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152049892" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C7D2EC92A962987C1EBFD869C37409D1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C7D2EC92A962987C1EBFD869C37409D1" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="69" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Carebara_arabica" authority="Collingwood & van Harten, 2001" authorityName="Collingwood & van Harten" authorityYear="2001" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara arabica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabica">Carebara arabica (Collingwood & van Harten, 2001)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 1-6
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="69" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oligomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligomyrmex arabica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabica">Oligomyrmex arabica</taxonomicName>
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Collingwood & van Harten, 2001: 564, figs 2-4 (s. w.). Neotype major worker. SAUDI ARABIA, Almajardah, Wadi Khat, 10.xi.2012,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="19.08913">19.08913°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="41.97126">41.97126°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 513 m, by leaf litter sifting (M. R. Sharaf leg) (KSMA) (CASENT0906367). Holotype major worker, YEMEN, Al Kawd (misspelled AI Kowd), 13.088622°, 45.364722°, viii.1999, in light-trap, (van Harten & Al Haruri), paratypes, 7 minor workers, same data as holotype [not in WMLC, all presumably lost]. Combination in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Carebara</taxonomicName>
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: new combination (unpublished) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Bolton, B" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" title="An Online Catalogue of the Ants of the World." url="http://www.antcat.org/" year="2012">Bolton 2012</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara abuhurayri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abuhurayri">Carebara abuhurayri</taxonomicName>
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Sharaf & Aldawood, in
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<bibRefCitation author="Aldawood, AS" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="7" pageNumber="74" pagination="61 - 69" title="First record of the Myrmicine ant genus Carebara Westwood, 1840 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Saudi Arabia with description of a new species, C. abuhurayri sp. n." url="10.3897/zookeys.92.770" volume="92" year="2011">Aldawood et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: 63, figs 1-12 (w). Holotype minor worker, SAUDI ARABIA, Al Bahah, Al Mukhwah, Zei Ein Archaeological Village (sometimes written Dhi Ain archaeological village),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="19.91667">19.91667°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="41.43333">41.43333°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 741 m., 18.v.2010 (M. R. Sharaf Leg.), paratypes, 7 minor workers, same data as the holotype (KSMA) [examined]. Syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="69" type="additional material">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Additional material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
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(3 major workers, 5 minor workers (CASENT0906368)) same data as the neotype; 6 major workers, 6 minor workers, SAUDI ARABIA, Wadi Bagara, 10.xi.2012,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="18.79287">18.79287°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="42.01857">42.01857°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 436m, by leaf litter sifting (M. R. Sharaf leg.); 1 major worker, 9 minor workers, SAUDI ARABIA, Wadi Aljora, near Abadan, 12.xi.2012,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.29263">17.29263°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="43.0701">43.07010°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 465 m, by leaf litter sifting (M. R. Sharaf leg.); 12 minor workers, SAUDI ARABIA, Fayfa, Agriculture Research Station, 6.iv.2013,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.28671">17.28671°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="43.1439">43.14390°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 879m, (M. R. Sharaf leg.); 5 minor workers,SAUDI ARABIA, Fayfa, Agriculture Research Station, 5.iv.2013,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.28671">17.28671°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="43.1439">43.14390°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 879m, (M. R. Sharaf leg.) [KSMA]; 1 major worker, SAUDI ARABIA, Al Bahah, Al Mukhwah, Zei Ein Archaeological Village,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="19.9294">19.9294°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="41.4417">41.4417°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 741 m., 15.v.2011, (M. R. Sharaf Leg.); 1 major worker, SAUDI ARABIA, Al Bahah, Al Mukhwah, Dhi Ain Archaeological Village,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="19.928">19.928°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="41.4419">41.4419°E</geoCoordinate>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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50 m, 735 m., (B. L. Fisher Leg.), 23.ix.2011, Coll. Code BLF27577 [CASC].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="2" pageNumber="69" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Neotype major worker. TL 2.45, HL 0.71, HW 0.52, SL 0.26, ML 0.59, PRW 0.35, PL 0.15, PW 0.17, PPL 0.12, PPW 0.21, SI 50, CI 73.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="69">Major workers. TL 1.77-2.76, HL 0.56-0.72, HW 0.44-0.52, SL 0.22-0.28, ML 0.49-0.63, PRW 0.29-0.35, PL 0.12-0.19, PW 0.12-0.17, PPL 0.11-0.18, PPW 0.14-0.25, SI 48-64, CI 69-80 (N=10).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
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Holotype major worker: TL 2.53, HL 0.75, HW 0.36, SL 0.63 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Collingwood, CA" journalOrPublisher="Buchreihe zur Entomologie" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" pagination="559 - 568" title="Additions to the ant fauna of Yemen. Esperiana." volume="8" year="2001">Collingwood and van Harten 2001</bibRefCitation>
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) [Presumably lost]. (In the original description, the HW and SL for major are given wrongly as 0.36 and 0.63 respectively, from the illustration they would be ca. HW 0.55 and SL 0.30).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="2" pageNumber="69">
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Major worker. (Figs 1-3) Headrectangular (HL ~ 1.38
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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HW) with strongly concave posterior margin and straight parallel sides; mandibles smooth and shining; masticatory margin armed with five teeth; eyes with a single oval ommatidium; anterior clypeal margin shallowly concave; antennae ten segmented with a two segmented club; scapes very short (mean SI = 54); posterior margin of head transversally carinate and posterior corners with a pair of outgrowths, appearing as blunt teeth in lateral view. Promesonotum strongly convex; metanotal area with apparent vestigial wing bases; metanotal groove deep; propodeal spines blunt, short and broadly based; petiole distinctly broader than long in dorsal view. Postpetiole clearly broader than long and broader than petiole in dorsal view. Gaster smooth and shining. Sculpture: cephalic dorsum and area in front of eyes finely densely regularly longitudinally rugulose; the ground-sculpture a fine, dense, conspicuous granulation; lateral cephalic dorsum from the posterior margin of eyes to posterior margin of head faintly and densely granulate; promesonotum smooth and shining; anepisternum smooth and shining; katepisternum and propodeum densely, transversely and conspicuously reticulate-punctate; petiole densely irregularly reticulate; postpetiole dorsum smooth and shining. Pilosity: head hairs long and sparse; petiole with two pairs of long backward directed hairs;
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="70" start="start">postpetiole</pageBreakToken>
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with three pairs of long hairs; gaster with few scattered long suberect hairs and abundant subdecumbent short hairs. Colour:concolorous brownish.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
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Figures 1-3.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara arabica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabica">Carebara arabica</taxonomicName>
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, major worker. 1 body in profile 2 body in dorsal view 3 head in full-face view (antweb.org, CASENT0906367).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Minor workers. TL 0.99-1.13, HL 0.35-0.41, HW 0.29-0.32, SL 0.21-0.28, ML 0.31-0.34, PRW 0.17-0.19, PL 0.08-0.12, PW 0.07-0.08, PPL 0.05-0.07, PPW 0.08-09, SI 69-88, CI 74-89 (N=7).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Minor worker. (Figs 4-6) Head distinctly longer than broad (CI 74-89), with clearly convex sides and straight posterior margin; mandibles smooth and shining with relatively long yellow hairs and armed with four teeth; median portion of clypeus flat; in anterolateral view, clypeal lateral carinae strongly narrowed posteriorly between frontal lobes, then continued as a frontal triangle; eyes minute, with a single ommatidium; antennae ten segmented with a two segmented club; scapes broaden evenly from about mid-length and fail to reach head posterior margin by about one-third of the head length. Mesosoma in lateral view feebly convex; metanotal groove shallow but distinct, dorsally and laterally; propodeum obliquely angled; propodeal spiracle relatively large, circular, high and close to propodeal declivity; metapleural gland orifice prominent. Petiole longer than broad in dorsal view with short peduncle. Node of postpetiolelower than petiole and dorsally clearly convex and nearly as long as broad. Sculpture: Anterolateral sides of head very finely longitudinally striated; lower half of mesopleura, metapleura, petiole and postpetiole with areolate-rugose sculpture. Pilosity: appressed, cephalic dorsum with abundant scattered hair pits, few and short on mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole, and rare on first gastral tergite, underside of head with few short straight hairs. Clypeus with two pairs of standing hairs, central pair long and lateral pair shorter. Colour: Overall unicolorous yellow, smooth and shining.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
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Figures 4-6.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara arabica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabica">Carebara arabica</taxonomicName>
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, minor worker. 4 body in profile 5 body in dorsal view 6 head in full-face view, (antweb.org, CASENT0906368).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="70" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
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A recent search conducted by the senior author and Tony Hunter (Curator of Entomology, WMLC) failed to locate any original type material of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara arabica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabica">Carebara arabica</taxonomicName>
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at the cited depository (
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<bibRefCitation author="Collingwood, CA" journalOrPublisher="Buchreihe zur Entomologie" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" pagination="559 - 568" title="Additions to the ant fauna of Yemen. Esperiana." volume="8" year="2001">Collingwood and van Harten 2001</bibRefCitation>
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). Identification of this species has been difficult for non-specialists due to the brief original description and illustrations not indicating important diagnostic characters. Due to the apparent loss of all type material and the brief description, a Neotype from southwestern KSA is designated above for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara arabica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabica">Carebara arabica</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
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Following the definition of
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<bibRefCitation author="Fernandez, F" journalOrPublisher="Caldasia" pageId="8" pageNumber="75" pagination="191 - 238" title="The American species of the myrmicine ant genus Carebara Westwood." volume="26" year="2004">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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(2004)
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara arabica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabica">Carebara arabica</taxonomicName>
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belongs to the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara concinna" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinna">Carebara concinna</taxonomicName>
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species complex that can be recognized by the following combination of characters: the minor workers are very small; the majors with massive heads; antennae nine to eleven-segmented, with a two segmented club; mandibles armed with four or five teeth; eyes present but reduced in both minor and major workers; metanotal groove distinct; propodeum armed with triangular teeth or denticles.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara arabica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabica">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="71" start="start">Carebara</pageBreakToken>
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arabica
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</taxonomicName>
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was found in Fayfa, KSA nesting in leaf litter among
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Azadirachta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Azadirachta indica" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">Azadirachta indica</taxonomicName>
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A. Juss. (
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<taxonomicName genus="Meliaceae" lsidName="Meliaceae" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" rank="genus">Meliaceae</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Artocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Artocarpus heterophyllus" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterophyllus">Artocarpus heterophyllus</taxonomicName>
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Lam (
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<taxonomicName genus="Moraceae" lsidName="Moraceae" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" rank="genus">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
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), and
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<taxonomicName genus="Rosadamascena" lsidName="Rosadamascena" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" rank="genus">Rosadamascena</taxonomicName>
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Mill. (
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<taxonomicName genus="Rosaceae" lsidName="Rosaceae" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" rank="genus">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
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) trees and coexisting with an unidentified termite species. The other nest series from Wadi Bagara was found nesting in loose soil under roots of a
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<taxonomicName genus="Poaceae" lsidName="Poaceae" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" rank="genus">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
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and near
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia" order="Fabales" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Acacia</taxonomicName>
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and Giant Milkweed,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Calotropis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calotropis procera" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="procera">Calotropis procera</taxonomicName>
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(Aiton) (
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<taxonomicName genus="Asclepiadaceae" lsidName="Asclepiadaceae" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" rank="genus">Asclepiadaceae</taxonomicName>
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). Other
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ants’">ants'</normalizedToken>
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associates included
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratrechina jaegerskioeldi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaegerskioeldi">Paratrechina jaegerskioeldi</taxonomicName>
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(Mayr, 1904);
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tapinoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tapinoma melanocephalum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melanocephalum">Tapinoma melanocephalum</taxonomicName>
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F., 1793, and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cardiocondyla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cardiocondyla</taxonomicName>
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sp. An interesting observation concerning a nest series from Zei Ein Archaeological Village included major workers, an uncommon phenomenon as compared to other nests found in Wadi Khat, Wadi Bagara, Wadi Aljora, and Fayfa. Two major workers were collected by digging in soil. Numerous minor workers were observed foraging above ground and exiting and entering tiny nest entrances in compacted humid clay soil. No major workers were observed foraging above ground.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |