295 lines
29 KiB
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295 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297097" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316535" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f9373c90-73c5-4ee4-b0f8-4c371f527d91" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905209323" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="C45BB0E45E56A2CA7CA74BEC42736121" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Muridae.1189-1531.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Apodemus epimelas Nehring 1902" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="A2267A57FF8A65DA07E1D2E970F9422A" lastPageNumber="1265" masterDocId="A2267A57FF8A65DA07E1D2E970F9422A" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Muridae" masterLastPageNumber="1531" masterPageNumber="1189" pageNumber="1265" updateTime="1716781534040" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="704BDD41D3506B1E9BAFCD90020591B8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5392BDB0C64EABB5007D2F12869DF189">
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<mods:title id="D1F3DD446565FF325C6F6DAF77B8E698">Order Rodentia - Family Muridae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="037B89874D029C34C32B53EFA89C64D2" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9D727013160E4387F5A4BAA4704CE893">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="147209E69E1152304BEB62302FB17044" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="20D6CFD7F3E5E17397CABA2CEC99DE8D">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="96243EEF39C23700BFC62CB2BEAD9F7F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="92149B429878F68AA8A3B7730178BEE1">2005</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="D979C5A10DC32722209ECCC28EDBF51E">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="15BC3CDE101C9894EC5E204C117B049D">Baltimore</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo id="1317E5125EE74CCA39DC517DEA3DB322">
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<mods:title id="5B6FFCB970786DE22C0857B86311DB25">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="E447E9451203B96B18A2AD295C074B50">
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<mods:start id="45263437FE60BC8C29141B6390D46730">1189</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="13946AEEF211F913CDC80697561147BD">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D94D3CF3E99C6F770CEA85992ADA4947" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316535</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C45BB0E45E56A2CA7CA74BEC42736121" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231540315" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C45BB0E45E56A2CA7CA74BEC42736121" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C45BB0E45E56A2CA7CA74BEC42736121" lastPageNumber="1265" pageNumber="1265" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13001209">
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<subSubSection id="6AC7A30C42FF6B8E5A0F08FA95A72945" pageNumber="1265" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9E8490625C1043419BD5D795EFBB8921" pageNumber="1265">
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<taxonomicName id="E88559AA843FC9EDCDB8595AB15D27FD" ID-CoL="FRHX" authority="Nehring 1902" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epimelas">
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<emphasis id="C03365394606EEE1F2A84749073DCEED" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">Apodemus epimelas</emphasis>
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Nehring 1902
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4DC49506E133D2310C1D96FB5D23C07B" pageNumber="1265" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="CEA4CE0B068AA01B5131B0D7D382F0B2" pageNumber="1265">
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<treatmentCitation id="67AFEC8FBA30C8EA80F95C99ABE9E474" author="Nehring" authority="Nehring 1902" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" journal="Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="2" pageNumber="1265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epimelas" title="Apodemus epimelas" volume="1902" year="1902">
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<taxonomicName id="9D505B22D1BE323E6B4E7A3FAF95FE7A" ID-CoL="FRHX" authority="Nehring 1902" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1265" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epimelas">
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<emphasis id="6340F4A163C67B2D6671A277C81A8763" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">Apodemus epimelas</emphasis>
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Nehring 1902
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibCitation id="E72FF268F841AF1215658531474D885C" author="Nehring" journal="Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin" pageNumber="1265" pagination="2" title="Apodemus epimelas" volume="1902" year="1902">
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Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr.
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<collectingRegion id="E7384EAB496B079E99B872C06904C241" country="Germany" name="Berlin">Berlin</collectingRegion>
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, 1902: 2
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</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="92659CCB2AFD20EB15376F14AA648CA1" pageNumber="1265" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="6D9F254C9EFA9F13349B6FE5189E8689" pageNumber="1265">
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<emphasis id="5534E39DBA9143DF17F83E550BDBBEB0" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1265">Type Locality:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="EE7F82830348D52717184F697C0834CB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867325028" country="Greece" pageNumber="1265">
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SE
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<collectingCountry id="8CAF1B40033506D4A926E70128480651" name="Greece">Greece</collectingCountry>
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, Parnassós, Agoriana.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8B906CCB4EAEC9FE04F892B0F8D600BA" pageNumber="1265" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="3205A3AAA65C16FD51C9E95D100E21E7" pageNumber="1265">
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<emphasis id="02162B459F9EB6F8433A658D24FF145E" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1265">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="0B206535D13822F7938EFE412BC45429" language="eng" pageNumber="1265">Western Broad-toothed Field Mouse</vernacularName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="334F0447045291CDA428ABD59176B0D0" pageNumber="1265" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="382CBFD3B791E4AA9484D003F86BF418" pageNumber="1265">
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<emphasis id="F62690598DCF9B79FAC463B7562AE855" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1265">Distribution:</emphasis>
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W and S Balkans in W
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<collectingCountry id="20C3D675812EAE91AA999FFD8669D357" name="Croatia">Croatia</collectingCountry>
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, W
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<collectingCountry id="FB996FD9882A2D2438F934C986BAC12B" name="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</collectingCountry>
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, S
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<collectingCountry id="D3208B5A5207E7D4CEBC340F456A46C6" name="Serbia">Serbia and Montenegro</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="6EE0241BCCAB11E1E24F32FB0D3D4F2C" name="Albania">Albania</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="6836A41B8CBAB979792341D4DA09D615" name="Macedonia">Macedonia</collectingCountry>
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, W
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<collectingCountry id="08DD122A1BAA580658A8746FD9B188BA" name="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="00147D276EEBFFC380A3EA1AB152EA61" name="Greece">Greece</collectingCountry>
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(the European portion of
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<taxonomicName id="06F8E9351E2C93427AAFE941229726DB" authorityName="Danford and Alston" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
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<emphasis id="156A0A4D4C0E08F3AF57A4416EB53BF3" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">mystacinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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mapped by
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<bibRefCitation id="023BBC1B6AA204FEB4A6201633EF2452" author="Mitchell-Jones, A. J. & G. Amori & W. Bogdanowicz & B. Krystufek & P. J. H. Reijnders & F. Spitzenberger & M. Stubbe & J. B. M. Thissen & V. Vohralik & J. Zima" refId="ref243793" refString="Mitchell-Jones, A. J., G. Amori, W. Bogdanowicz, B. Krystufek, P. J. H. Reijnders, F. Spitzenberger, M. Stubbe, J. B. M. Thissen, V. Vohralik, and J. Zima. 1999. Atlas of European mammals. Academic Press, London, 496 pp." year="1999">Mitchell-Jones et al. [1999]</bibRefCitation>
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; also see
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<bibRefCitation id="992EAC181C4115D0652F6080CE700D09" author="Peshev, D." refId="ref281361" refString="Peshev, D. 1996. Review of the status of mammals in Bulgaria. Hystrix, n. s., 8 (1 - 2): 55 - 59." year="1996">Peshev [1996]</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="4EDD81AB6C7029E517752233A1D6E7CE" author="Petrov, B. M." refId="ref283163" refString="Petrov, B. M. 1992. Mammals of Yugoslavia. Insectivores and rodents. Natural History Museum in Belgrade, Supplement 37: 1 - 186." year="1992">Petrov [1992]</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="A9C65B52E503EB624213CB955E7C1A1B" author="Prigioni, C." refId="ref293256" refString="Prigioni, C. 1996. Distribution of mammals in Albania. Hystrix, n. s., 8 (1 - 2): 67 - 73." year="1996">Prigioni [1996]</bibRefCitation>
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, and Vohralík [1992], all reported as
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<taxonomicName id="886B93EE0360218CF784CC3C4E47B61B" authorityName="Danford and Alston" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
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<emphasis id="F29B5F431C8443AE1954E0A99F471908" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">mystacinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), and Adriatic islands of Kor ula and Mljet (
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<bibRefCitation id="72DD36965FA843433FCE134FE705B0C9" author="Mitchell-Jones, A. J. & G. Amori & W. Bogdanowicz & B. Krystufek & P. J. H. Reijnders & F. Spitzenberger & M. Stubbe & J. B. M. Thissen & V. Vohralik & J. Zima" refId="ref243793" refString="Mitchell-Jones, A. J., G. Amori, W. Bogdanowicz, B. Krystufek, P. J. H. Reijnders, F. Spitzenberger, M. Stubbe, J. B. M. Thissen, V. Vohralik, and J. Zima. 1999. Atlas of European mammals. Academic Press, London, 496 pp." year="1999">Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1A37A8D3E6EDFE9BAD93973D68AB8907" pageNumber="1265" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="F5C463F9B07D88ABDE9E4A902FCFE5FD" pageNumber="1265">
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<emphasis id="5A0E6EBF200FB09A900054843936ABD9" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1265">Discussion:</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="7E0D6D7675832F1D3B9C8523FA5BF5B4" pageNumber="1265">
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<taxonomicName id="5668A00B750C3F22688E43BAD2E76785" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="824937CE7D5F86DF5BF88A4B7A4CD41F" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">Sylvaemus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group. A close relative of
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<taxonomicName id="3264D46A10DB2DB6727D09C68B88A005" authorityName="Danford and Alston" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
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<emphasis id="18BED18F4C19FF1B5ABDF485A0F272DC" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">A. mystacinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which has been considered the sole member of
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<taxonomicName id="B0830366940A7DD4AEC04B5DB414569F" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Karstomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0DA97DCAD6AB7AB836CA2C8102C8B595" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">Karstomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, although
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<bibRefCitation id="A545043731BA55CEAC139CE2F78631EF" author="Musser, G. G. & E. M. Brothers & M. D. Carleton & R. Hutterer" refId="ref253260" refString="Musser, G. G., E. M. Brothers, M. D. Carleton, and R. Hutterer. 1996. Taxonomy and distributional records of Oriental and European Apodemus, with a review of the Apodemus-Sylvaemus problem. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 46 (1 - 4): 143 - 190." year="1996">Musser et al. (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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placed it in their
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<taxonomicName id="39F1A520BDB8184DE5DBD66ECE5C3858" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Sylvaemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="69BEAEB7D05C733451A5D40DED158C71" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">Sylvaemus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Group, a relationship weakly to strongly corroborated by allozymic studies (
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<bibRefCitation id="15E42EB67932E7FE7C3A415BB8228EDC" author="Filippucci, M. G. & M. Macholan & J. R. Michaux" refId="ref101831" refString="Filippucci, M. G., M. Macholan, and J. R. Michaux. 2002. Genetic variation and evolution in the genus Apodemus (Muridae: Rodentia). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 75: 395 - 419." year="2002">Filippucci et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="A9A9B6A0DAD6D8660777B4402B46CE27" author="Mezhzherin, S. V." refId="ref239573" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V. 1997 a. [Revision of mouse genus Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae) of northern Eurasia.] Vestnik Zoologii, 31 (4): 29 - 41 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1997">
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Mezhzherin, 1997
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<emphasis id="A69EEFA98FD14BCA581DDC8E34D7C29F" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">a</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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) and phylogenetic analyses of nuclear
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<collectionCode id="77DA815F9F8956F0007A13A1860A6CD1">IRBP</collectionCode>
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and mtDNA cytochrome
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<emphasis id="F6A569BA1FD186910673144190E5722C" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">b</emphasis>
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and 12S rRNA sequences (
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<bibRefCitation id="399B4B4224096B33BBB06BED6E172F48" author="Michaux, J. & P. Chevret & M. - G. Filippucci & M. Macholan" refId="ref240901" refString="Michaux, J., P. Chevret, M. - G. Filippucci, and M. Macholan. 2002 a. Phylogeny of the genus Apodemus with a special emphasis on the subgenus Sylvaemus using the nuclear IRBP gene and two mitochondrial markers: Cytochrome b and 12 S rRNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 23: 123 - 136." year="2002">
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Michaux et al., 2002
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<emphasis id="F1584F220A5F22999C570AD2161999C5" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">a</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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, in press). Described as a species and listed that way by
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<bibRefCitation id="53F831C26CDDA65911AD94024FC59A4A" author="Ellerman, J. R." refId="ref92857" refString="Ellerman, J. R. 1941. The families and genera of living rodents. Vol. II. Family Muridae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 690 pp." year="1941">Ellerman (1941)</bibRefCitation>
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but subsequently treated as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="BEA5DABE979B2657570F41D9A5DD4B31" authorityName="Danford and Alston" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
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<emphasis id="0E0C4C66DF088F2A318BF510C26D8A40" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">A. mystacinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="E1F65FA98951E0206F4B579ADAD22769" author="Ellerman, J. R. & T. C. S. Morrison-Scott" refId="ref93180" refString="Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp." year="1951">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="5A0BE966D2CEEF810AAC0056098A6BC6" author="Corbet, G. B." refId="ref67548" refString="Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp." year="1978">
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Corbet, 1978
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<emphasis id="369819B4EF8A2DAFC009A6CEE25E02FC" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">c</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="8EB1C8619557231E8D8E3E940525017C" author="Musser, G. G. & M. D. Carleton" refId="ref252333" refString="Musser, G. G., and M. D. Carleton. 1993. Family Muridae. Pp. 501 - 755, in: Mammal species of the world, a taxonomic and geographic reference, Second ed. (D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder, eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., xviii + 1206 pp." year="1993">Musser and Carleton, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="5A11078FB5FA40C32C4A6E4EFD6D72BA" author="Pavlinov, I. Ya & E. L. Yakhontov & A. K. Agadzhanyan" refId="ref278176" refString="Pavlinov, I. Ya, E. L. Yakhontov, and A. K. Agadzhanyan. 1995 a. [Mammals of Eurasia. I. Rodentia. Taxonomic and geographic guide.] Archives of the Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, 32: 289 pp. (in Russian)." year="1995">
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Pavlinov et al., 1995
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<emphasis id="641F6A334031510EA4E4D1328212DD78" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">a</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Based on morphology and biochemical genetic variation data,
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<bibRefCitation id="5F1998B07A7654AD201CD370DCC848B8" author="Mezhzherin, S. V." refId="ref239573" refString="Mezhzherin, S. V. 1997 a. [Revision of mouse genus Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae) of northern Eurasia.] Vestnik Zoologii, 31 (4): 29 - 41 (in Russian with English summary)." year="1997">
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Mezhzherin (1997
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<emphasis id="A848C21E339506498D5D73030A0419C7" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">a</emphasis>
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)
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</bibRefCitation>
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separated
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<taxonomicName id="BFD62D7E66143D3DB9F9409F67F57F83" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epimelas">
|
|
<emphasis id="3D772FD30B8DB7C641D6CFC39D2CF69D" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">epimelas</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as a species separate from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AB4DDB284E2DB867A1F68F8DFD48A0AA" authorityName="Danford and Alston" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
|
|
<emphasis id="38D47F53F390E9A0848F518BCD028131" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">A. mystacinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, an action supported by phylogenetic analyses of protein electrophoresis of 28-38 gene loci (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D8D76FA0B432050EF8AA97ADDB0D80A0" author="Filippucci, M. G. & M. Macholan & J. R. Michaux" refId="ref101831" refString="Filippucci, M. G., M. Macholan, and J. R. Michaux. 2002. Genetic variation and evolution in the genus Apodemus (Muridae: Rodentia). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 75: 395 - 419." year="2002">Filippucci et al., 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and mtDNA cytochrome
|
|
<emphasis id="413642BFEAC5E2C246747114BDB7B236" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">b</emphasis>
|
|
and 12S rRNA sequences (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F91D0465F2DD73950508CB24378211C4" author="Michaux, J. & P. Chevret & M. - G. Filippucci & M. Macholan" refId="ref240901" refString="Michaux, J., P. Chevret, M. - G. Filippucci, and M. Macholan. 2002 a. Phylogeny of the genus Apodemus with a special emphasis on the subgenus Sylvaemus using the nuclear IRBP gene and two mitochondrial markers: Cytochrome b and 12 S rRNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 23: 123 - 136." year="2002">
|
|
Michaux et al., 2002
|
|
<emphasis id="3E48F5DB8E8613C8C85B1E59E38FBE90" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">a</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). That the Balkan
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CE185AF8BC9AC33227EA2AAD35CB76C4" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epimelas">
|
|
<emphasis id="4B6A95AF782371E0DB652BAC1835BB9C" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">epimelas</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was a different species than the Anatolian
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BC5FCF4F7E319CEA613636021459ED7E" authorityName="Danford and Alston" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
|
|
<emphasis id="5A3740AB9B09C91E5782EC40E5721824" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">mystacinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was indicated in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A7DB07E9CD6973DF289BC85730E981C3" author="Mitchell-Jones, A. J. & G. Amori & W. Bogdanowicz & B. Krystufek & P. J. H. Reijnders & F. Spitzenberger & M. Stubbe & J. B. M. Thissen & V. Vohralik & J. Zima" refId="ref243793" refString="Mitchell-Jones, A. J., G. Amori, W. Bogdanowicz, B. Krystufek, P. J. H. Reijnders, F. Spitzenberger, M. Stubbe, J. B. M. Thissen, V. Vohralik, and J. Zima. 1999. Atlas of European mammals. Academic Press, London, 496 pp." year="1999">Mitchell-Jones et al. (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, and the basic discriminatory data was provided earlier by Storch (1977; who also wrote the account in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8C9BEA82C239031FCC97233EA877BC6F" author="Mitchell-Jones, A. J. & G. Amori & W. Bogdanowicz & B. Krystufek & P. J. H. Reijnders & F. Spitzenberger & M. Stubbe & J. B. M. Thissen & V. Vohralik & J. Zima" refId="ref243793" refString="Mitchell-Jones, A. J., G. Amori, W. Bogdanowicz, B. Krystufek, P. J. H. Reijnders, F. Spitzenberger, M. Stubbe, J. B. M. Thissen, V. Vohralik, and J. Zima. 1999. Atlas of European mammals. Academic Press, London, 496 pp." year="1999">Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) who documented the significant differences between the two in occlusal patterns of M1 and M2 (posterior cingulum is free in most
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DE1F84BC11ED2B3A68EF67291E3C52A8" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epimelas">
|
|
<emphasis id="D8AED711D2B83F080B3E8E7E88AAB45F" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">epimelas</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but coalesced with cusp t
|
|
<quantity id="76F0BF904B1300C1418C2FAEA8E21413" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="287B37395709FB6D2B6733B253EFFF64" authorityName="Danford and Alston" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
|
|
<emphasis id="5F5C1E6F9A20DB4BDC46B99B60F49489" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">mystacinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
); we verified these contrasts in series from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="9EF3FEA3A7F6C5D9D694E7B7829D158B" name="Greece">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="0CC20A569770F57E6E2166186BB9B3D2" name="Serbia">Montenegro</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="6C5D4316DFBFEDCBA6B3EDE782132FD4" name="Turkey">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
|
in
|
|
<collectionCode id="AA887274F142787005BF2AE15158BE64" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
|
. Karyotype of Macedonian sample recorded and compared with published karyotypes from other regions (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2C1BCEB4A9A77A674307BA85BB20868E" author="Zima, J. & M. Macholan & B. Krystufek & S. Petkovski" refId="ref407558" refString="Zima, J., M. Macholan, B. Krystufek and S. Petkovski. 1997 a. Karyotypes of certain small mammals (Insectivora, Rodentia) from Macedonia. Scopolia, 38: 1 - 15." year="1997">
|
|
Zima et al., 1997
|
|
<emphasis id="E4149E6DB855F1D78C679D532FC34302" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">a</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AF270BC4AB609F9F3E52DC7702BD2FFE" authorityName="Danford and Alston" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
|
|
<emphasis id="2E08484A88A1B6DC9AEAF1B5D271F7F8" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">mystacinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). Greek samples of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="07E10A049885AE537EAF80ADFE0B72B1" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epimelas">
|
|
<emphasis id="5053FDBB667B1A6206815C69E11B8609" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">A. epimelas</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(recorded as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B2B8B8471C166A0B44EEFC2E250001EF" authorityName="Danford and Alston" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
|
|
<emphasis id="C04E370BAFE44670483F4FDFED9CDC66" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">mystacinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D9F3B0FA67EA90B96B387D5DBD686AB1" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvaticus">
|
|
<emphasis id="35355BB4C321C00BBC4BC046F3ABA85F" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">A. sylvaticus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="176C8F7FB1B23181C86C5AF280A4A6E5" authorityName="Melchior" authorityYear="1834" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flavicollis">
|
|
<emphasis id="DEFADBD156E63874D12EF940E954416A" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">A. flavicollis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
contrasted using data from electrophoretic and immunological sources (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8BF4A5E03845EA5CDC9099420295EBD2" author="Fraguedakis-Tsolis, S. E. & B. P. Chondropoulos & J. J. Lykakis & J. C. Ondrias" refId="ref107783" refString="Fraguedakis-Tsolis, S. E., B. P. Chondropoulos, J. J. Lykakis, and J. C. Ondrias. 1983. Taxonomic problems of woodmice, Apodemus ssp., of Greece approached by electrophoretic and immunological methods. Mammalia, 47: 333 - 337." year="1983">Fraguedakis-Tsolis et al., 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="AA4FBC128E64916DC31476BB45569405" pageNumber="1265">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDDBA34C218F0841BDCE951AE5AB37B5" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epimelas">
|
|
<emphasis id="3841112934C7747A5C46E252BF283103" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">Apodemus epimelas</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
may represent a population of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7B8B2CD41B315758AE69E49C7C043DE2" authorityName="Danford and Alston" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E7F4DAC59E1C225830AE3E2482A00027" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">A. mystacinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
that dispersed across a Pleistocene Bosporous land bridge (between Balkan Peninsula and Turkish Thrace plus NW Anatolian
|
|
<collectingCountry id="3C0CB937FDAC494B6AB8B9A416F175D3" name="Turkey">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
|
)
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="122AEF009E621470F5AE9022713F45B5" degrees="20,000" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="20.0">20,000</geoCoordinate>
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="D18011016752E4554AB55D9346A07195" degrees="10,000" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-10.0">-10,000</geoCoordinate>
|
|
years before present and achieved genetic isolation after post-Pleistocene sea level rise reconnected the Black and Marmara Seas through the Bosporous channel (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="3EB07FBC98736C3D2663169E1DD1F9A9" author="Hosey, G. R." refId="ref159407" refString="Hosey, G. R. 1982. The Bosporus land-bridge and mammal distributions in Asia Minor and the Balkans. Saugetierkundliche Mitteilungen, 30: 53 - 62." year="1982">Hosey, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F2E788C5B53EF986420F084D9729F1B1" author="Michaux, J. & P. Chevret & M. - G. Filippucci & M. Macholan" refId="ref240901" refString="Michaux, J., P. Chevret, M. - G. Filippucci, and M. Macholan. 2002 a. Phylogeny of the genus Apodemus with a special emphasis on the subgenus Sylvaemus using the nuclear IRBP gene and two mitochondrial markers: Cytochrome b and 12 S rRNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 23: 123 - 136." year="2002">
|
|
Michaux et al. (2002
|
|
<emphasis id="D143C99DC5B0CD210E4FD5178F83562A" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">a</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
suggested the isolation of Balkan and Near East groups of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9E4CFBF7A3E8B903D7EF96E1C2EB1541" authorityName="Danford and Alston" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">
|
|
<emphasis id="D778BF1D6451E4E2E8DCBFD103845774" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">A. mystacinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and the subsequent differentiation of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1E6B152659602D4223EAA24588B6419E" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Apodemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="epimelas">
|
|
<emphasis id="0B4340B5E31A3B8E5AE5AD019B6DA23B" italics="true" pageNumber="1265">A. epimelas</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
resulted from late Pliocene or early Pleistocene cooling intervals associated with low population densities
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |