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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.31.4335" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182249154" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-31-119" ID-Pensoft-UUID="632BFFBC244FFF88656EFFBEFF8DFFA7" ID-Zenodo-Dep="574808" ID-ZooBank="10404A9C126A44C8BD485DB72CD3E3FF" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:791CAB8B-6A94-47FD-B379-5CC85D1A9947" ModsDocID="1314-2607-31-119" checkinTime="1621552913932" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lenhart, Paul A., Dash, Shawn T. &amp; Mackay, William P." docDate="2013" docId="BBDF74C7BBFB79316A0EED9110B4AC60" docLanguage="en" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 31" docPubDate="2013-03-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.31.4335" docTitle="Dinoponera snellingi Lenhart &amp; Dash &amp; Mackay 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="791CAB8B-6A94-47FD-B379-5CC85D1A9947" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" id="632BFFBC244FFF88656EFFBEFF8DFFA7" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="155" masterDocId="632BFFBC244FFF88656EFFBEFF8DFFA7" masterDocTitle="A revision of the giant Amazonian ants of the genus Dinoponera (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="164" masterPageNumber="119" pageId="31" pageNumber="150" updateTime="1643538942448" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A revision of the giant Amazonian ants of the genus Dinoponera (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lenhart, Paul A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Texas A &amp; M University, 2475 TAMU, College Station, Texas USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dash, Shawn T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mackay, William P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas 79968</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2013-03-20</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>119</mods:start>
<mods:end>164</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.31.4335</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.31.4335</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-31-119</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">10404A9C126A44C8BD485DB72CD3E3FF</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">632BFFBC244FFF88656EFFBEFF8DFFA7</mods:identifier>
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<subSection lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="31" pageNumber="150" type="results">
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182249154" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:791CAB8B-6A94-47FD-B379-5CC85D1A9947" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BBDF74C7BBFB79316A0EED9110B4AC60" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="31" pageNumber="150">
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="150" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:791CAB8B-6A94-47FD-B379-5CC85D1A9947" authority="Lenhart &amp; Dash &amp; Mackay, 2013" authorityName="Lenhart &amp; Dash &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2013" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dinoponera snellingi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snellingi" status="sp. n.">Dinoponera snellingi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="31" pageNumber="150">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Features of Dinoponera males. A-E Head, frontal view F-J Right scape, first and second funicular segments, frontal view K-O Pygidial spine, dorsal view A, F, K Dinoponera gigantea B, G, L Dinoponera quadriceps C, H, M Dinoponera longipes D, I, N Dinoponera snellingi E, J, O Dinoponera australis." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11665" pageId="31" pageNumber="150">Figs 4D, 4I, 4N</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wings of known males. A Dinoponera quadriceps B Dinoponera snellingi C Dinoponera gigantea D Dinoponera australis E Dinoponera longipes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11666" pageId="31" pageNumber="150">, 5B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dinoponera snellingi male genitalia. A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11668" pageId="31" pageNumber="150">, 7</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Dinoponera rightbasiparamere / paramere of known males, lateral view. A Dinoponera quadriceps B Dinoponera snellingi C Dinoponera gigantea D Dinoponera australis E Dinoponera longipes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11670" pageId="31" pageNumber="150">, 9B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Dinoponera rightvolsella of known males, lateral view. A Dinoponera quadriceps B Dinoponera snellingi C Dinoponera gigantea D Dinoponera australis E Dinoponera longipes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11671" pageId="31" pageNumber="150">, 10B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Dinoponera rightpenis valves from the aedeagus of known males. A Dinoponera quadriceps B Dinoponera snellingi C Dinoponera gigantea D Dinoponera australis E Dinoponera longipes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11672" pageId="31" pageNumber="150">, 11B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Distribution map of Dinoponera species. Symbols in black are records added by this study; open symbols are from literature sources (Kempf 1971, 1975, Araujo et al. 1990, Peeters et al. 1999, Monnin and Peeters 1999, Fourcassie and Oliviera 2002, Monnin et al. 2003, Mariano et al. 2004, Araujo and Rodriques 2006, Marques-Silva et al. 2006)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11674" pageId="31" pageNumber="150">, 13</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="150" type="worker">
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="150">Worker.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="150">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="150" type="male diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="150">Male diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="150">
Specimens of this species are distinct in several respects. The combination of a bicolored body and head possessing bulging compound eyes and ocelli (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Features of Dinoponera males. A-E Head, frontal view F-J Right scape, first and second funicular segments, frontal view K-O Pygidial spine, dorsal view A, F, K Dinoponera gigantea B, G, L Dinoponera quadriceps C, H, M Dinoponera longipes D, I, N Dinoponera snellingi E, J, O Dinoponera australis." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11665" pageId="31" pageNumber="150">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
) is unique to this species. More definitive is the shape of the aedeagus which possesses a large ventral lobe and finger-like serrated flange (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Dinoponera rightpenis valves from the aedeagus of known males. A Dinoponera quadriceps B Dinoponera snellingi C Dinoponera gigantea D Dinoponera australis E Dinoponera longipes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11672" pageId="31" pageNumber="150">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
). The short broad digitus volsellaris with finely toothed basal lobe (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Dinoponera rightvolsella of known males, lateral view. A Dinoponera quadriceps B Dinoponera snellingi C Dinoponera gigantea D Dinoponera australis E Dinoponera longipes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11671" pageId="31" pageNumber="150">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
) is distinctive, as well as the paramere shape (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Dinoponera rightbasiparamere / paramere of known males, lateral view. A Dinoponera quadriceps B Dinoponera snellingi C Dinoponera gigantea D Dinoponera australis E Dinoponera longipes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11670" pageId="31" pageNumber="150">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="31" pageNumber="150" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="150">Description of the male.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="31" pageNumber="150">
Measurements (mm) (n=3) TBL: 16.14-17.09 (16.58); HL: 1.90-2.05 (1.98); HW: 2.36-2.51 (2.44); SL: 0.62-0.72 (0.65); EL: 1.23-1.38 (1.32); EW: 0.72-0.82 (0.79); WL: 5.54-6.05 (5.77); FWL: 13.33-13.63 (13.43); HWL: 9.93-10.46 (10.25); PL: 1.44-1.54 (1.49); PH: 1.13-1.23 (1.16); PW: 0.92-1.13 (1.04); GL: 6.66-7.18 (6.94); HFL: 4.20-4.92 (4.54). Integument: smooth and shining; head, mesosoma and petiole dark brown to black; gaster light brown. Head:
<pageBreakToken pageId="32" pageNumber="151" start="start">Mandibles</pageBreakToken>
reduced, rounded, lacking teeth, rounded lobe on ventro-basal edge, high lateral ridge running along axis; palps elongated; labrum reduced, deeply emarginated on distal margin, covered with setae. Clypeus large, triangular, bulging medially, covered in appressed to subdecumbent setae; anterior tentorial pits large; frontal carinae reduced to slight ridge along antennal socket; antennal sockets close, located at posterior apex of clypeus. Antennae: black; funiculus covered in minute, dense, stiff subdecumbent setae (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Features of Dinoponera males. A-E Head, frontal view F-J Right scape, first and second funicular segments, frontal view K-O Pygidial spine, dorsal view A, F, K Dinoponera gigantea B, G, L Dinoponera quadriceps C, H, M Dinoponera longipes D, I, N Dinoponera snellingi E, J, O Dinoponera australis." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11665" pageId="32" pageNumber="151">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
); scape shorter than second funicular segment, 1st funicular segment reduced. Compound eyes large, along lateral side of head, deeply emarginated border medially. 3 ocelli at posterior margin of head, bulging beyond margin of head, depressed area between posterior ocelli. Entire head covered in short decumbent to erect setae (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Dinoponera longipes male. Head in full frontal view; body in lateral view with wings not shown." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11664" pageId="32" pageNumber="151">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Mesosoma: covered in short suberect to decumbent white setae; pronotum triangular, exposed narrowly dorsally anterior to scutum; scutum large, bulging antero-dorsally, with 3 longitudinal carinae; small tegula over insertion of forewing; scutellum domed, with sparse erect setae, sides with vertical carina, dorsal surface smooth; basilar sclerite under hind wing reduced; fused mesopleuron, separated by furrow with mesosternite; metanotum exposed between scutellum and propodeum, reduced; mesoepimera, mesoepisternite and propodeum fused, rounded;
<pageBreakToken pageId="33" pageNumber="152" start="start">coxa</pageBreakToken>
large, conical, covered in dense subdecumbent to decumbent setae. Wings: covered in dense minute setae, venation as shown in
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Wings of known males. A Dinoponera quadriceps B Dinoponera snellingi C Dinoponera gigantea D Dinoponera australis E Dinoponera longipes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11666" pageId="33" pageNumber="152">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
. Legs: black, covered in minute subdecumbent to decumbent stiff setae; one well-developed, antennae cleaning, pectinate spur on the fore tibia; spine-like and less developed denticular comb on meso-thoracic tibia; spine and comb-like spur on hind tibia; tarsal claws bidentate. Petiole: narrow attachments at base to the propodeum and gaster; petiole humped dorso-posteriorly; subpetiolar process reduced, bulging slightly posteriorly. Gaster: large, cylindrical; covered in fine silvery suberect to subdecumbent setae; first gastric tergite broadly rounded; pygidium terminating in short, broad, triangular, spine (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Features of Dinoponera males. A-E Head, frontal view F-J Right scape, first and second funicular segments, frontal view K-O Pygidial spine, dorsal view A, F, K Dinoponera gigantea B, G, L Dinoponera quadriceps C, H, M Dinoponera longipes D, I, N Dinoponera snellingi E, J, O Dinoponera australis." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11665" pageId="33" pageNumber="152">Fig. 4N</figureCitation>
); cerci short, as long as pygidial spine, covered in erect setae; tabular subgenital plate with posterior end rounded. Genitalia: (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Dinoponera snellingi male genitalia. A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11668" pageId="33" pageNumber="152">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) basal ring with thick dorso-anterior loop structures, reduced; parameres short, broad, rounded, large lobe on dorsal edge, emarginated ventro-basal edge (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Dinoponera rightbasiparamere / paramere of known males, lateral view. A Dinoponera quadriceps B Dinoponera snellingi C Dinoponera gigantea D Dinoponera australis E Dinoponera longipes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11670" pageId="33" pageNumber="152">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
); volsella with rounded cuspis volsellaris with raised rounded bumps on medial-ventral surface, digitus volsellaris with numerous small circular bumps on lateral distal face, tuft of setae on ventro-distal edge, lobe on basal ventral corner, covered in minute teeth (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Dinoponera rightvolsella of known males, lateral view. A Dinoponera quadriceps B Dinoponera snellingi C Dinoponera gigantea D Dinoponera australis E Dinoponera longipes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11671" pageId="33" pageNumber="152">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
); penis valve of aedeagus with
<pageBreakToken pageId="34" pageNumber="153" start="start">long</pageBreakToken>
lateral arm of aedeagal apodeme at anterior border, ventral concavity under ridge at base of apodeme, dorsal edge broadly rounded, ventral tooth projecting into thin anteriorly folded flange with heavy serration, rounded notch at base, large triangular ventral lobe with finely serrated edge and vertical ridge running through middle of lobe, edge of lobe continuing into lateral apical fold with serrated edge (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Dinoponera rightpenis valves from the aedeagus of known males. A Dinoponera quadriceps B Dinoponera snellingi C Dinoponera gigantea D Dinoponera australis E Dinoponera longipes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11672" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11668" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lenhart &amp; Dash &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2013" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snellingi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera snellingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male genitalia.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">A</emphasis>
dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">B</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">C</emphasis>
ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11669" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Figure 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1901" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera longipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male genitalia.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">A</emphasis>
dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">B</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">C</emphasis>
ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11670" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Figure 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1861" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rightbasiparamere/paramere of known males, lateral view.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kempf" authorityYear="1971" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriceps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera quadriceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lenhart &amp; Dash &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2013" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snellingi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera snellingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Perty" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1901" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera longipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11671" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Figure 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1861" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rightvolsella of known males, lateral view.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kempf" authorityYear="1971" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriceps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera quadriceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lenhart &amp; Dash &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2013" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snellingi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera snellingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Perty" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1901" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera longipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11672" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Figure 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1861" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rightpenis valves from the aedeagus of known males.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kempf" authorityYear="1971" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriceps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera quadriceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lenhart &amp; Dash &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2013" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snellingi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera snellingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Perty" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1901" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera longipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11673" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" start="Figure 12. " startId="F12">
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Figure 12.</emphasis>
Worker head, oblique antero-lateral view illustrating microsculpturing difference.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1901" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera mutica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(this smooth integument type is also found in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1901" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera lucida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1901" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera longipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lenhart &amp; Dash &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2013" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera hispida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kempf" authorityYear="1971" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriceps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera quadriceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(this rough integument type is also found in
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Perty" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11674" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Figure 13.</emphasis>
Distribution map of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1861" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. Symbols in black are records added by this study; open symbols are from literature sources (
<bibRefCitation author="Kempf, WW" journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" pagination="369 - 394" refId="B26" refString="Kempf, WW, 1971. A preliminary review of the ponerine ant genus Dinoponera Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 14: 369 - 394" title="A preliminary review of the ponerine ant genus Dinoponera Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="14" year="1971">Kempf 1971</bibRefCitation>
, 1975,
<bibRefCitation author="Araujo, CZ" journalOrPublisher="Behavioural Processes" pageId="37" pageNumber="156" pagination="101 - 111" publicationUrl="10.1016/0376-6357(90)90011-4" refId="B2" refString="Araujo, CZ, Lachaud, JP, Fresneau, D, 1990. Le systeme reproductif chez une ponerine sans reine: Dinoponera quadriceps Santschi. Behavioural Processes 22: 101 - 111, 10.1016/0376-6357(90)90011-4" title="Le systeme reproductif chez une ponerine sans reine: Dinoponera quadriceps Santschi." url="10.1016/0376-6357(90)90011-4" volume="22" year="1990">Araujo et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Peeters, C" journalOrPublisher="Series B" pageId="39" pageNumber="158" pagination="1323 - 1327" publicationUrl="10.1098/rspb.1999.0782" refId="B53" refString="Peeters, C, Monnin, T, Malosse, C, 1999. Cuticular hydrocarbons correlated with reproductive status in a queenless ant. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B 1426: 1323 - 1327, 10.1098/rspb.1999.0782" title="Cuticular hydrocarbons correlated with reproductive status in a queenless ant. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London." url="10.1098/rspb.1999.0782" volume="1426" year="1999">Peeters et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Monnin, T" journalOrPublisher="Behavioral Ecology" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" pagination="323 - 332" publicationUrl="10.1093/beheco/10.3.323" refId="B38" refString="Monnin, T, Peeters, C, 1999. Dominance hierarchy and reproductive conflicts among subordinates in a monogynous queenless ant. Behavioral Ecology 10: 323 - 332, 10.1093/beheco/10.3.323" title="Dominance hierarchy and reproductive conflicts among subordinates in a monogynous queenless ant." url="10.1093/beheco/10.3.323" volume="10" year="1999">Monnin and Peeters 1999</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Fourcassie, V" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" pagination="2211 - 2227" publicationUrl="10.1080/00222930110097149" refId="B19" refString="Fourcassie, V, Oliveira, PS, 2002. Foraging ecology of the giant Amazonian ant Dinoponera gigantea (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae): activity schedule, diet and spatial foraging patterns. Journal of Natural History 36: 2211 - 2227, 10.1080/00222930110097149" title="Foraging ecology of the giant Amazonian ant Dinoponera gigantea (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae): activity schedule, diet and spatial foraging patterns." url="10.1080/00222930110097149" volume="36" year="2002">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fourcassié">Fourcassie</normalizedToken>
and Oliviera 2002
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Monnin, T" journalOrPublisher="Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology" pageId="39" pageNumber="158" pagination="71 - 79" publicationUrl="10.1007/s00265-003-0600-9" refId="B41" refString="Monnin, T, Ratnieks, FLW, Brandao, CRF, 2003. Reproductive conflict in animal societies: hierarchy length increases with colony size in queenless ponerine ants. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 54: 71 - 79, 10.1007/s00265-003-0600-9" title="Reproductive conflict in animal societies: hierarchy length increases with colony size in queenless ponerine ants." url="10.1007/s00265-003-0600-9" volume="54" year="2003">Monnin et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Mariano, CSF" journalOrPublisher="Naturwissenschaften" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" pagination="182 - 185" publicationUrl="10.1007/s00114-004-0514-z" refId="B31" refString="Mariano, CSF, Delabie, JHC, Ramos, LS, Lacau, S, Pompolo, SG, 2004. Dinoponera lucida Emery (Formicidae: Ponerinae): the highest number of chromosomes known in Hymenoptera. Naturwissenschaften 91: 182 - 185, 10.1007/s00114-004-0514-z" title="Dinoponera lucida Emery (Formicidae: Ponerinae): the highest number of chromosomes known in Hymenoptera." url="10.1007/s00114-004-0514-z" volume="91" year="2004">Mariano et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Araujo, A" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Entomology" pageId="37" pageNumber="156" pagination="159 - 164" publicationUrl="10.1590/S1519-566X2006000200002" refId="B1" refString="Araujo, A, Rodriques, Z, 2006. Foraging behavior of the queen less ant Dinoponera quadriceps Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Neotropical Entomology 35: 159 - 164, 10.1590/S1519-566X2006000200002" title="Foraging behavior of the queen less ant Dinoponera quadriceps Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." url="10.1590/S1519-566X2006000200002" volume="35" year="2006">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Araújo">Araujo</normalizedToken>
and Rodriques 2006
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Marques-Silva, S" journalOrPublisher="Microscopy Research and Technique" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" pagination="885 - 890" publicationUrl="10.1002/jemt.20356" refId="B34" refString="Marques-Silva, S, Matiello-Guss, CP, Delabie, JHC, Mariano, CSF, Zanuncio, JC, Serrao, JE, 2006. Sensilla and secretory glands in the antennae of a primitive ant: Dinoponera lucida (Formicidae: Ponerinae). Microscopy Research and Technique 69: 885 - 890, 10.1002/jemt.20356" title="Sensilla and secretory glands in the antennae of a primitive ant: Dinoponera lucida (Formicidae: Ponerinae)." url="10.1002/jemt.20356" volume="69" year="2006">Marques-Silva et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="153" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="153">
Known only from type locality; Campo Grande, Brazil (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Distribution map of Dinoponera species. Symbols in black are records added by this study; open symbols are from literature sources (Kempf 1971, 1975, Araujo et al. 1990, Peeters et al. 1999, Monnin and Peeters 1999, Fourcassie and Oliviera 2002, Monnin et al. 2003, Mariano et al. 2004, Araujo and Rodriques 2006, Marques-Silva et al. 2006)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11674" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="154" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lenhart &amp; Dash &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2013" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snellingi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera snellingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a new species based on the suite of morphological characters presented in the diagnosis above. Most important are the shape of the aedeagus, volsella and parameres all of which we consider apomorphic characters. The type specimen males were unassociated with workers. Initially
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lenhart &amp; Dash &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2013" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snellingi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera snellingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens were considered males of
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; as workers of this species were collected at the same location and at the same date (see
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
materials examined). Additionally the specimens shared the same character states of bicoloration and short pygidial spine that
<bibRefCitation author="Kempf, WW" journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica" pageId="38" pageNumber="157" pagination="369 - 394" refId="B26" refString="Kempf, WW, 1971. A preliminary review of the ponerine ant genus Dinoponera Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 14: 369 - 394" title="A preliminary review of the ponerine ant genus Dinoponera Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." volume="14" year="1971">Kempf (1971)</bibRefCitation>
used to designate
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="153">Dinoponera australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the size of the compound
<pageBreakToken pageId="35" pageNumber="154" start="start">eyes</pageBreakToken>
(compare
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Features of Dinoponera males. A-E Head, frontal view F-J Right scape, first and second funicular segments, frontal view K-O Pygidial spine, dorsal view A, F, K Dinoponera gigantea B, G, L Dinoponera quadriceps C, H, M Dinoponera longipes D, I, N Dinoponera snellingi E, J, O Dinoponera australis." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11665" pageId="35" pageNumber="154">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Features of Dinoponera males. A-E Head, frontal view F-J Right scape, first and second funicular segments, frontal view K-O Pygidial spine, dorsal view A, F, K Dinoponera gigantea B, G, L Dinoponera quadriceps C, H, M Dinoponera longipes D, I, N Dinoponera snellingi E, J, O Dinoponera australis." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11665" pageId="35" pageNumber="154">4E</figureCitation>
), bulging ocelli at the posterior of the head (compare
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Features of Dinoponera males. A-E Head, frontal view F-J Right scape, first and second funicular segments, frontal view K-O Pygidial spine, dorsal view A, F, K Dinoponera gigantea B, G, L Dinoponera quadriceps C, H, M Dinoponera longipes D, I, N Dinoponera snellingi E, J, O Dinoponera australis." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11665" pageId="35" pageNumber="154">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Features of Dinoponera males. A-E Head, frontal view F-J Right scape, first and second funicular segments, frontal view K-O Pygidial spine, dorsal view A, F, K Dinoponera gigantea B, G, L Dinoponera quadriceps C, H, M Dinoponera longipes D, I, N Dinoponera snellingi E, J, O Dinoponera australis." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11665" pageId="35" pageNumber="154">4E</figureCitation>
), short broad volsella with large tear drop-shaped basal lobe (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Dinoponera rightvolsella of known males, lateral view. A Dinoponera quadriceps B Dinoponera snellingi C Dinoponera gigantea D Dinoponera australis E Dinoponera longipes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11671" pageId="35" pageNumber="154">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
) and penis valve of the aedeagus with disto-lateral process, disto-ventral lobe and serrated flange on the ventral edge (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Dinoponera rightpenis valves from the aedeagus of known males. A Dinoponera quadriceps B Dinoponera snellingi C Dinoponera gigantea D Dinoponera australis E Dinoponera longipes." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11672" pageId="35" pageNumber="154">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
) provide strong evidence supporting that these male specimens represent a novel species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="35" pageNumber="154">
We have compared male specimens of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lenhart &amp; Dash &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2013" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snellingi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="154">Dinoponera snellingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with those of
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="154">Dinoponera australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected in nest series and found they differ in the characters listed above. Campo Grande is within the range of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1901" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="154">Dinoponera mutica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and there is a possibility that these specimens represent the currently unknown males of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1901" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="154">Dinoponera mutica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the males of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lenhart &amp; Dash &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2013" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snellingi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="154">Dinoponera snellingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<pageBreakToken pageId="36" pageNumber="155" start="start">are</pageBreakToken>
closest in character states to the male of
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="155">Dinoponera australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the worker caste of which differs greatly in many characters from the other known
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1861" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="155">Dinoponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
workers including
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1901" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="155">Dinoponera mutica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see the
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="155">Dinoponera australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
discussion). Therefore we hypothesize that the male of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1901" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="155">Dinoponera mutica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will most likely be similar to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kempf" authorityYear="1971" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriceps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="155">Dinoponera quadriceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1901" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="155">Dinoponera longipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on the similar worker morphology, and the unknown worker of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lenhart &amp; Dash &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2013" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snellingi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="155">Dinoponera snellingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will be similar to the worker of
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="155">Dinoponera australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Species groupings based on worker and male character states overlap; leaving
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="155">Dinoponera australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lenhart &amp; Dash &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2013" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="snellingi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="155">Dinoponera snellingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
allied and separate from the other
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1861" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="155">Dinoponera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. Until associated workers are discovered, we contend that it is better to describe these unique males rather than allow them to remain misidentified and unstudied or describe them as males of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1901" class="Hexapoda" family="Formicidae" genus="Dinoponera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mutica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="155">Dinoponera mutica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with only anecdotal evidence as justification.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="155" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="155">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="155">Namedin honor of the late Roy Snelling who made considerable contributions to the field and spirit of myrmecology.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="155" type="type series">
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="155">Type series.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="155">Holotype deposited in MZSP, BRAZIL, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, 12 Oct 1989, W.P. Mackay #12404, 2 paratypes, same locality, 8 Oct 1989, #12359 collected at house light (deposited in the CWEM and MCZC).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>
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