806 lines
106 KiB
XML
806 lines
106 KiB
XML
<document id="AE7EA7E1C0F80A1B8D6DFA00AD17D558" ID-CLB-Dataset="300348" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147" ID-GBIF-Dataset="06a147da-4f99-4a61-9c8a-db99a7f99164" ID-ZooBank="BEF04EEA-B9D0-4220-9BC4-84208488CCF2" ID-publisher-id="119147" URI-arpha="DB1B34B8-CC15-5B53-8857-2128652E2F3E" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/BEF04EEA-B9D0-4220-9BC4-84208488CCF2" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1722264668390" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Manganelli, Giuseppe, Benocci, Andrea, Barbato, Debora & Giusti, Folco" docDate="2024" docId="AC961840E0DA51D19C3B7DCD7D15F454" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1208: 99-132" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1208" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/119147/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Allopeas clavulinum" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="132" masterDocId="DB1B34B8CC155B5388572128652E2F3E" masterDocTitle="Five alien achatinid land snails (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata) first reported in greenhouses of Italian botanical gardens" masterLastPageNumber="132" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1722277814270" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="52A643A550CD2862A431B22E5DF7769B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BD8F0651EF5FF2AF38C8F3536836DB6C">
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<mods:title id="B30411EE08559DE8C890CD7D7EEB6030">Five alien achatinid land snails (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata) first reported in greenhouses of Italian botanical gardens</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="61D341F5C66B3E5CA0E614749683AEDC" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="5E366FE7ABF96C4101C7ECFB8C43A6A0">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1905D671D13597787F69CC64EFD2C5A1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B428EBACA31CADED3F164099244DB22C">Manganelli, Giuseppe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2F030F7E52210A8CD50A8062F59C13E6" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8453-280X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="D72EB33800DC9DE10FC9B7E0D94D6CAB">Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy & NBFC (National Biodiversity Future Center), Palermo, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="4BB6CFAFE2F7640445B55DF39255714E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E9EC03B501DD701EE977B0D06B92DD92">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0A43106C8804CED09F19FCB18BB638EC">Benocci, Andrea</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6F21BC28026628DAF5ADB5D8F741B85A" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3145-215X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="8B02B6AEEAD2FE4628CA74F198D9A3B9">Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Accademia dei Fisiocritici, Piazzetta S. Gigli 2, 53100 Siena, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="31A282CA2CC5A0DEA00D99CF94FB7278" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CC664144CE8BC0754E268F7D9D8BBB98">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9806EE5F018CAFE9691036DEB374EC34">Barbato, Debora</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EA515C3995424393D7143D6701F6DBD4" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1105-1711</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="16EE56E2F9EF5D994C32EB993608BEC8">Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy & NBFC (National Biodiversity Future Center), Palermo, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="95682946D49F5D5E8857CE075594E5FC" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A5DB1B268620C56B8B5E8DEF34EF043C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8F50748BAD504050A7BE94298B3BEF85">Giusti, Folco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EDD47F96D0B0F839E30BA229CE9D85A8" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8722-4653</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="0CD171969DAA8DEC6C0F2375CBEA1A18">Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, Università di Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="67EC49C158A3D88B1AC9583A4B36CE1E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="B2240C10908338D4F91C17A1BFCFF3A6">
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<mods:title id="FC817FA1ED8C409D172295CEA73E2309">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="6A9B6BCFE90473D02B0018C272E0E3B2">
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<mods:date id="E3E982E96A2460A012A573D63C384398">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3B7B518FF24F75C04EEC2E5C652FF8A2" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="A6A8A952AA9448D41770B9E800FF4EDF">2024-07-29</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="121FDCF65A3CBAF377F35119B4964A84" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="02D71745EB205AC1A77435C84D8E3DB3">1208</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="330617FEF95884F7A841CAC9288B94B6" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="9D4AA00697E5A644125214E9217CB860">99</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="5BFB2F3EDB9F72188ABF74A0BC14F646">132</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="1281F91E5A092487A2AB53EBDD7B8CF9">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="352CBE480F19BE556A40B93EAD850384" type="CLB-Dataset">300348</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0124C13E8639456399D8596B97E0893E" type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0F11D7F6BDBC4D44D1A5ADC68E104374" type="GBIF-Dataset">06a147da-4f99-4a61-9c8a-db99a7f99164</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AA0A160EF37A454C47873A13AEDB453E" type="ZooBank">BEF04EEA-B9D0-4220-9BC4-84208488CCF2</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="AC961840E0DA51D19C3B7DCD7D15F454" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13126576" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13126576" ID-arpha="AC961840-E0DA-51D1-9C3B-7DCD7D15F454" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC961840E0DA51D19C3B7DCD7D15F454" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC961840E0DA51D19C3B7DCD7D15F454">
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||
<subSubSection id="F1968671D29C023F3EF64D44DA064509" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="185539F6DFAD9B013ED73F626DFF944D">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B2CC5E20E08F8ABC987E3AE7B6A761F" authority="(Potiez & Michaud, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="Potiez & Michaud" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Subulinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clavulinum">
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||
<emphasis id="8E5968C4BFF2E87675F1F5D0F5BFB504" italics="true">Allopeas clavulinum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C573199E120F9FC80702DA6F3C40AE60" author="Potiez VLV & Michaud ALG" refId="B121" refString="Potiez VLV, Michaud ALG (1838) Galerie des mollusques, ou catalogue methodique, descriptif et raisonne des mollusques et coquilles du Museum de Douai. Tome 1, xxxvi + 560 + 4 pp (Releve des genres manquants; Errata). Atlas, 56 pp, 37 pls. Bailliere, Paris." year="1838">Potiez & Michaud, 1838</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="3D77D2544C45C865BF34AD9FB7594B41" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E0D9CDEDA4ABE790153F840684F39FA">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A97FF22933F5425A1331C615290316FF">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="4673E798938EF8368AAE951844B1F515">
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||
<taxonomicName id="909C20E5AD86E980FDCAE9215BF9D48C" ID-CoL="6945X" authority="Potiez & Michaud, 1838" authorityName="Potiez & Michaud" authorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Bulimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clavulinus">
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<emphasis id="9CA61D1C71B45CDF73C4ED10B878C4C4" italics="true">Bulimus clavulinus</emphasis>
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||
<comment id="1BE5536D0472C731C52BE3DF7E7F47ED">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="2DB0196CCBE4327199C9C7CA21A31562" author="Potiez VLV & Michaud ALG" refId="B121" refString="Potiez VLV, Michaud ALG (1838) Galerie des mollusques, ou catalogue methodique, descriptif et raisonne des mollusques et coquilles du Museum de Douai. Tome 1, xxxvi + 560 + 4 pp (Releve des genres manquants; Errata). Atlas, 56 pp, 37 pls. Bailliere, Paris." year="1838">Potiez & Michaud, 1838</bibRefCitation>
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, 1: 136, pl. 14, figs 9, 10. Type locality: “ L’île Bourbon ”, namely
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<collectingCountry id="2101FFB47F8AFF165B55B51AE7F8719F" name="Reunion Island">Réunion Island</collectingCountry>
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||
, Mascarene Archipelago. Type material: lost (
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||
<treatmentCitation id="FC9A396F2ED029DBAF64FE3AE9534C0C" author="Smith BJ" page="309" year="1992">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A90AEAF004DCD98DAE1D8CC09709C9CA" author="Smith BJ" firstAuthor="Smith" page="309" refId="B149" refString="Smith BJ (1992) Non-marine Mollusca. Zoological catalogue of Australia, 8. Australian Government Publishing Service (AGPS), Canberra, Australia, [xi +] 399 pp." year="1992">Smith 1992: 309</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</comment>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ELNAE" type="material">
|
||
<paragraph id="119CE91A6B3124C1F447A334DE094BF3">
|
||
<heading id="56B1FC7986D954311284FF8C8ABEA520" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2ED04231768CF2C6AC8EC902A4C4CDB2">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C3678E8BB62840E5D8AB2E3C9B488D49" collectingDate="2017-12-14" collectionCode="MUSE" collectorName="A. Benocci & G. Manganelli & D. Miserocchi" country="Italy" county="Science Museum of Trento" latitude="46.062542" location="Tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.113912" municipality="Trento" specimenCode="GMC 47556" specimenCount="1">
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||
<collectingCountry id="A970D796A1EFABD5248477F06C49E092" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
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||
• 6 shells and 6 spirit specimens;
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="E259B186119A9CA627E3FB3AA1E5CE28">Trento</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="81D10BF1323AC9377BC4CE2EA62612C4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC961840E0DA51D19C3B7DCD7D15F454:81D10BF1323AC9377BC4CE2EA62612C4" country="Italy" county="Science Museum of Trento" latitude="46.062542" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.113912" municipality="Trento" name="Tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento">Tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<named-content id="D7BFD70348EF42E1729C75734DAD9844" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museo-delle-scienze-0" xlink_title="Science Museum of Trentoe">
|
||
<collectionCode id="958B741A4DF172CB71F561AB4D06E7BE" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35141" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35141" name="Museo delle Scienze" type="Museum">MUSE</collectionCode>
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||
</named-content>
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||
);
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||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EYNAE" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[11.113911,46.062544]}">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2108E13F68D94CDF9A12BF2264F26FA0" degrees="46" direction="north" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="45.16" value="46.062542">46 ° 03 ' 45.16 " N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="26A7CC3BCCA184BF1A8FE62C951ED676" degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="50.08" value="11.113912">11 ° 06 ' 50.08 " E</geoCoordinate>
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||
</named-content>
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||
;
|
||
<date id="8DC5D19A555983E3CFBE8405A0C0CBA4" value="2017-12-14">
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||
<collectingDate id="A63A466793EB6350F7A40ACCBA511B01" value="2017-12-14">14 Dec. 2017</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="4949487BC82234D023132C4F31D91C7C">A. Benocci</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName id="700E8913BED3A21FD496A5E02BC56D27">G. Manganelli</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="F4AA93E216DA10142F6CBE41628C52E6">D. Miserocchi</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="79AEF0D4021B5DCFD5874C5DB659208B" collectionCode="GMC" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rs4r-9303" name="Guangxi Medical College" type="">GMC 47556</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3ACD2A789E5AFF1B7E2A4FAE54C0BF57" collectingDate="2019-01-04" collectingDateMax="2019-05-04" collectingDateMin="2019-01-04" collectionCode="GMC" collectorName="D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella" country="Italy" county="Science Museum of Trento" latitude="46.062542" location="Trento" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.113912" municipality="Tropical" specimenCode="GMC 51194" specimenCount="1">
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||
623 shells, 10 spirit specimens; same locality;
|
||
<date id="0548FF3DC564540AF6A6AE28D6B3CE86" value="2019-01-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C72025E50B17D9AD50B356791A15D9E4" value="2019-01-04">04 Jan. 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="C4E99490D300C5060F74524F89E2B9AC" value="2019-02-10">
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||
<collectingDate id="2A25A10C818FC6A5D12AA2225DA76845" value="2019-02-10">10 Feb. 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="68FBDD5AA63277121BF9AC10EEBE7725" value="2019-05-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C9358E5794D6DEE23CD219C27DAC43DC" value="2019-05-04">04 May 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="10F6E30D3392C40DB9D067B5F263B865">D. Barbato</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="E3A1CB0F36D0B03E5EF8170BCA041A68">G. Bolzonella</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="F450FBE6468F3664D93D739AC5AE784A" collectionCode="GMC" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rs4r-9303" name="Guangxi Medical College" type="">GMC 51194</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2A8D4E1FE3B2577601FC7FFEF5E69B12" collectingDate="2022-02-01" collectingDateMax="2019-05-04" collectingDateMin="2019-01-04" collectionCode="GMC" collectorName="D. Barbato & A. Benocci" country="Italy" county="Science Museum of Trento" latitude="46.062542" location="Trento" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.113912" municipality="Tropical" specimenCode="GMC 51184" specimenCount="1">
|
||
418 shells, 2 spirit specimens; same locality;
|
||
<date id="82E3A5AE610A44B5E8BDF0D0FDCD9065" value="2022-02-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="419C1632BDC80534CFD40DD33F3405AB" value="2022-02-01">01 Feb. 2022</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="232A3F1AF049FD50D1B85E8D34F22B73">D. Barbato</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="55F4A769699293677D474AC62DB889F9">A. Benocci</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="AB7B43ADC61D67E8086C1D9B549F5239" collectionCode="GMC" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rs4r-9303" name="Guangxi Medical College" type="">GMC 51184</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="52B49C5E4F3893ECFB0E9008B614A806" collectingDate="2023-02-02" collectingDateMax="2019-05-04" collectingDateMin="2019-01-04" collectionCode="GMC" collectorName="F. Rossi" country="Italy" county="Science Museum of Trento" latitude="46.062542" location="Trento" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.113912" municipality="Tropical" specimenCode="GMC 57343" specimenCount="1">
|
||
133 shells; same locality;
|
||
<date id="944D1FBD3FB56D2AD3E5F707B1315CCB" value="2023-02-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="E5944107E0668D6A715EFDE3DE3FD674" value="2023-02-02">02 Feb. 2023</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="2259C4380F752F5BED6AC53565C1E3C6">F. Rossi</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="5A7791BFB5CE4210F193531E4FC0F32B" collectionCode="GMC" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rs4r-9303" name="Guangxi Medical College" type="">GMC 57343</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="426FFE4BE31315C3EEEDA14515F528AE" collectingDate="2023-02-09" collectingDateMax="2019-05-04" collectingDateMin="2019-01-04" collectionCode="GMC" collectorName="D. Barbato & A. Benocci" country="Italy" county="Science Museum of Trento" latitude="46.062542" location="Trento" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.113912" municipality="Tropical" specimenCode="GMC 57350" specimenCount="1">
|
||
155 shells; same locality;
|
||
<date id="1D0349344327A2A43B9F401FD343A4AE" value="2023-02-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="A762BA12C9182563AE1420A0F6D65F6B" value="2023-02-09">9 Feb. 2023</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="1EFF8DFD1B9BCFFBEA39E3B79E36DD58">D. Barbato</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="9C8B858114C011E742248754AD8B2804">A. Benocci</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="78CD7CC612E7E490DCE797DA3852EB6E" collectionCode="GMC" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rs4r-9303" name="Guangxi Medical College" type="">GMC 57350</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F2594BA881E6CC97759F0F0016A69D37" collectingDate="2019-03-06" collectionCode="GMC" collectorName="D. Barbato" country="Italy" county="Botanical Garden of Padua" latitude="45.39794" location="Botanical Garden of Padua" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.880658" municipality="Padua" specimenCode="GMC 57373" specimenCount="1">
|
||
145 shells and 1 spirit specimen;
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="896EFB0ACFDED70BF940803D461AFF46">Padua</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, Biodiversity Garden (
|
||
<location id="205275913537E068520D14DD2DEB0329" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC961840E0DA51D19C3B7DCD7D15F454:205275913537E068520D14DD2DEB0329" country="Italy" county="Botanical Garden of Padua" latitude="45.39794" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="11.880658" municipality="Padua" name="Botanical Garden of Padua">Botanical Garden of Padua</location>
|
||
);
|
||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EAOAE" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[11.880658,45.397942]}">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B44A933E263F037482E95C901DC7129F" degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="52.59" value="45.39794">45 ° 23 ' 52.59 " N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E3194A3B4313551E11B8D85627F6E373" degrees="11" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="50.37" value="11.880658">11 ° 52 ' 50.37 " E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="49B9D52675FEE819551AF490A3F9C746" value="2019-03-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="2F21F2A6C456E6D031BBD8B96E252E15" value="2019-03-06">06 Mar. 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="223A18C1E5FE67A4D859A4CA1EFDEBB5">D. Barbato</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="9124D50DF99230C59D2A90A9711E5F61" collectionCode="GMC" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rs4r-9303" name="Guangxi Medical College" type="">GMC 57373</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EFOAE" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C68D623270C8385E513DE3719639F20">
|
||
<heading id="B17D0465BB8B79CC6AD40C3179DB4D42" reason="title">Description.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B454F4E87826229FA606F49C64C874F3">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD93297020DBC7EA43098EDF19DEC9F5" bold="true" italics="true">Shell</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="3795E2CF0FB90B4CA4170F2D7DC3FB75" captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1–8. Shells of alien achatinids in Italian greenhouses: 1–6 shells of Allopeas clavulinum from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019 7, 8 shells of Subulina octona from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103567">1–6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dextral, small, minutely perforate to imperforate, elongate, slender, conical, rather robust, pearly off-white, glossy and sub-transparent when fresh, with 5–7 slightly convex whorls, separated by moderately deep sutures. Apex obtuse, rounded, and smooth. Last whorl ~ 1 / 2 of shell height. Aperture small, ~ 1 / 3 of shell height, obliquely pyriform, slightly prosocline. Peristome interrupted, not thickened, only slightly reflected on columella, sometimes with slightly evident callous rim on parietum; columella straight; outer margin sinuous in lateral view (approximately inverse S-shaped). Protoconch smooth; teleoconch with thin and irregular collabral growth lines. Shell dimensions:
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUOAE" xlink_title="shell height">SH</abbrev>
|
||
<quantity id="ADBD7017C10E1C825A9E913E7EF453E1" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.15" metricValueMax="6.8" metricValueMin="5.5" unit="mm" value="6.15" valueMax="6.8" valueMin="5.5">5.5–6.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYOAE" xlink_title="shell diameter">SD</abbrev>
|
||
<quantity id="563FA04298B7A54931702BDB49F2C303" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.2" unit="mm" value="2.4" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E3OAE" xlink_title="aperture height">AH</abbrev>
|
||
<quantity id="426DF36CA35161560A7334EBFCE78DF0" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0999999999999996" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.9" unit="mm" value="2.0999999999999996" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAPAE" xlink_title="aperture width">AW</abbrev>
|
||
<quantity id="E282D058E46EE82C97BC86E77C3C8D2D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2999999999999998" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" unit="mm" value="1.2999999999999998" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="767C1173C7D75B677051B977354D2F54" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures1-8" ID-arpha="5C758374-160B-5D67-A4C2-041DC4733B31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103567" startId="F1">
|
||
<paragraph id="E7E9DB78C3D036AE9B0035BE54A53AEC">
|
||
<label id="005ECED768A0943E403209B66EF2019B">Figures 1–8.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="19364D42792CFF8264B4B2A6995D97F8">
|
||
Shells of alien achatinids in Italian greenhouses:
|
||
<emphasis id="EDB4E2AEE5949E2C36702108A56C4117" bold="true">1–6</emphasis>
|
||
shells of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="452679A30BD60FA774344A39BE46E169" baseAuthorityName="Potiez & Michaud" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clavulinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E56CAF3825DC393AD411685E76810A33" italics="true">Allopeas clavulinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (
|
||
<named-content id="BDC6652ED8BCB2B44E6A1143FE635156" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museo-delle-scienze-0" xlink_title="Science Museum of Trentoe">MUSE</named-content>
|
||
), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019
|
||
<emphasis id="07BDABA6E8EF444B0D0578A2C1C49513" bold="true">7, 8</emphasis>
|
||
shells of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F017D2B3CD1A39E15FC0F54E614A2662" baseAuthorityName="Bruguiere" baseAuthorityYear="1789" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Subulina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="octona">
|
||
<emphasis id="58166E1BD247DC2AC4B40C34E92E3254" italics="true">Subulina octona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (
|
||
<named-content id="076C4002372E9AEB16ADF1ED37B8B17D" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museo-delle-scienze-0" xlink_title="Science Museum of Trentoe">MUSE</named-content>
|
||
), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4EDC9203FD0EDDA0B488A549A0EADB46">
|
||
<emphasis id="72FAB9244BBB797E4A97D0053E75DC38" bold="true" italics="true">Female distal genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="5CFD28F9D42F554891EB369457647BEE" captionStart="Figures 9–11" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9–11. Genital anatomy of Allopeas clavulinum from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019: 9, 10 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) 11 distal genitalia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures9-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103568">9</figureCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<figureCitation id="90EE4AFA020019EFA47CACF8E2F1226E" captionStart="Figures 12–14" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 12–14. Genital anatomy of alien achatinids in Italian greenhouses: 12, 13 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) and diagram of the proximal penial complex of Allopeas clavulinum from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019 14 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) of Opeas hannense from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures12-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103569">12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Free oviduct long and wide. Bursa copulatrix sac-like, oval with long slender duct (slightly longer than bursa copulatrix), sometimes initially flared. Vagina short and wide (approximately as long as free oviduct) with small lateral bulge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="50E3A04CFFB0353E2DDA2F8A14EF9BD9" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures9-11" ID-arpha="7649642A-49E5-5145-88EF-22120B7BF3A2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103568" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph id="2D31E2BF99252EA86683909A582FD207">
|
||
<label id="D93995B6CF58CB1C8DC625E4DD825457">Figures 9–11.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F8E8E2E4A417A678D04F59E6383E7C4">
|
||
Genital anatomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C613F21CA20AFCC44A72765584500D27" baseAuthorityName="Potiez & Michaud" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clavulinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2CA03CB702CB1FE2A48E619E671895F" italics="true">Allopeas clavulinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (
|
||
<named-content id="31B831D833F5EDB93122941377DEB924" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museo-delle-scienze-0" xlink_title="Science Museum of Trentoe">MUSE</named-content>
|
||
), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019:
|
||
<emphasis id="3E3735D49082203D7CDB1A74BD07CE40" bold="true">9, 10</emphasis>
|
||
genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded)
|
||
<emphasis id="55EDE78F01D6AFB467DD3B8AF17B13A5" bold="true">11</emphasis>
|
||
distal genitalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="77A751189BC52FB7B727407F4F38D7C4">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFCCEE12355B94F282DD44EC7FC7C83F" bold="true" italics="true">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1F740166B60B283BAD2925501BFF01B1" country="Maldives" name="Maale">Male</collectingRegion>
|
||
distal genitalia
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="4D1117CC8644DD1E88C016C8BC1DD650" captionStart="Figures 9–11" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9–11. Genital anatomy of Allopeas clavulinum from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019: 9, 10 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) 11 distal genitalia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures9-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103568">9</figureCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<figureCitation id="48CA5B097E695FE52E8CBD84DB6C42F7" captionStart="Figures 12–14" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 12–14. Genital anatomy of alien achatinids in Italian greenhouses: 12, 13 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) and diagram of the proximal penial complex of Allopeas clavulinum from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019 14 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) of Opeas hannense from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures12-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103569">13</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="978328033F132C73176316574A0312B1" captionStart="Figures 15, 16" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15, 16. Proximal penial complex of Allopeas clavulinum from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures15-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103570">15</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="49E30D5A7848A66B03FBE2F988E3123C" captionStart="Figures 15, 16" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15, 16. Proximal penial complex of Allopeas clavulinum from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures15-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103570">16</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vas deferens almost uniform in diameter (very thin to thin along its entire length), entering penial complex at its proximal end. Penial complex consisting of epiphallus, penial caecum and penis. Epiphallus very short. Penial caecum very short (as long as epiphallus). Penis short to rather long, almost uniformly cylindrical, undivided, with penial sheath enveloping its distal tract. Penial retractor muscle bifid, one branch inserted on proximal end of epiphallus, one branch on tip of penial caecum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="415488A629853EACB036CEF60756BAC6" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures12-14" ID-arpha="D1195957-08D5-552D-9A51-4E822225B94E" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103569" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD7EB71F35B796C4AB50F1CFB5376934">
|
||
<label id="DAE2991CF70E2200D1FC1658C9069A01">Figures 12–14.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EE5F2A44F94D6C8225613BE1F372BCE7">
|
||
Genital anatomy of alien achatinids in Italian greenhouses:
|
||
<emphasis id="EC469D6A281FBF86B096D5E0F903D2FB" bold="true">12, 13</emphasis>
|
||
genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) and diagram of the proximal penial complex of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9F5AAF98A2FE5B2CA0210CEDFB251D4" baseAuthorityName="Potiez & Michaud" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clavulinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1E4DC8C72B6BA9D002957633111D0A11" italics="true">Allopeas clavulinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (
|
||
<named-content id="01EE0E5E7823F1653C61BE93980BD215" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museo-delle-scienze-0" xlink_title="Science Museum of Trentoe">MUSE</named-content>
|
||
), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019
|
||
<emphasis id="5CD7036DD2FDE32C3B25EC602A585CB4" bold="true">14</emphasis>
|
||
genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBE5A577848F0BAF337A5FA4C689AC3E" baseAuthorityName="Rang" baseAuthorityYear="1831" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Opeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hannense">
|
||
<emphasis id="9E1B5E862A47FF546CA0DB826A4BC6CC" italics="true">Opeas hannense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (
|
||
<named-content id="C1F81DDE6918CBCE414890F8B6EC692F" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museo-delle-scienze-0" xlink_title="Science Museum of Trentoe">MUSE</named-content>
|
||
), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="BCFA04E796B5D2BFAB26BE6428E6FD5B" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures15-16" ID-arpha="60294E14-7E76-5659-A11F-D50BF0C7439F" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103570" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph id="209F34EAD351F9A927B9C30681130F64">
|
||
<label id="F33BAF85C9F4F6627DADD934326175DF">Figures 15, 16.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3DD6B59D522961E75DE6131265EA7BD5">
|
||
Proximal penial complex of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A3A68B63F0E89C19B5DCD95DF4FF78EB" baseAuthorityName="Potiez & Michaud" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clavulinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D212F060584DAD2F07F7831E1E16D917" italics="true">Allopeas clavulinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (
|
||
<named-content id="2DB2EB6547DB153197E418A86138639B" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museo-delle-scienze-0" xlink_title="Science Museum of Trentoe">MUSE</named-content>
|
||
), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="93C2CE2509FD9A169F6588C57B03A752">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BB0D0E24B302B9C51A8A262618220E4" bold="true" italics="true">Genital atrium</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="46FF8455DAC2BE36BBC31A8D79ADB609" captionStart="Figures 9–11" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9–11. Genital anatomy of Allopeas clavulinum from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019: 9, 10 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) 11 distal genitalia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures9-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103568">9</figureCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<figureCitation id="D59ED074EB729E7BDF15B0A00B08640E" captionStart="Figures 12–14" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 12–14. Genital anatomy of alien achatinids in Italian greenhouses: 12, 13 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) and diagram of the proximal penial complex of Allopeas clavulinum from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019 14 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) of Opeas hannense from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures12-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103569">12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rather long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ETVAE" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="56C8C44B19461ADE753C65DB5F8D5799">
|
||
<heading id="DDED1C6A18F6692D101D070AC7AA3B5C" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D5B90362827D2C39CDC39F6E3708C4F7">
|
||
Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC2493903E9BD89D8750833FB0A24D3" baseAuthorityName="Potiez & Michaud" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clavulinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B136721DA2050C24653686F57AFCF336" italics="true">Allopeas clavulinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a well-known greenhouse snail (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="116950F20071F9B2F7610C64D2CE74CE" author="Kerney and Cameron" firstAuthor="Kerney" journalOrPublisher="Collins, London" refId="B78" refString="Kerney MP, Cameron RAD (1979) A field guide to the land snails of Britain and north-west Europe. Collins, London, 288 pp." title="A field guide to the land snails of Britain and north-west Europe." year="1979">Kerney and Cameron 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), its taxonomic and systematic placement is still not definitive, nor is its native range clear. The species was first described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="667533B7FBB0941CD88DD16D1495291F" name="Reunion Island">Réunion Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
(as Île Bourbon), Mascarene archipelago, in the western Indian Ocean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4A472113B58659C11BC455480236577" author="Potiez and Michaud" firstAuthor="Potiez" refId="B121" refString="Potiez VLV, Michaud ALG (1838) Galerie des mollusques, ou catalogue méthodique, descriptif et raisonné des mollusques et coquilles du Muséum de Douai. Tome 1, xxxvi + 560 + 4 pp (Relevé des genres manquants; Errata). Atlas, 56 pp, 37 pls. Baillière, Paris." year="1838">Potiez and Michaud 1838</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB6795AA9CE7CED2B07F807458750E8C" author="Griffiths OL & Florens VFB" firstAuthor="Griffiths" journalOrPublisher="Bioculture Press, Mauritius" refId="B57" refString="Griffiths OL, Florens VFB (2006) A field guide to the non-marine molluscs of the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius, Réunion and Rodrigues) and the northern dependencies of Mauritius. Bioculture Press, Mauritius, 188 pp." title="A field guide to the non-marine molluscs of the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius, Réunion and Rodrigues) and the northern dependencies of Mauritius." year="2006">Griffiths and Florens (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
thought it an East African species introduced into the Mascarene islands. The hypothesis that the species is native to Africa or East Africa was also maintained by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="52708FE65253FE8FAB83A381EFBFC0B4" author="Kerney MP & Cameron RAD" firstAuthor="Kerney" journalOrPublisher="Collins, London" refId="B78" refString="Kerney MP, Cameron RAD (1979) A field guide to the land snails of Britain and north-west Europe. Collins, London, 288 pp." title="A field guide to the land snails of Britain and north-west Europe." year="1979">Kerney and Cameron (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0EA32BB66FEB792B6D1B837FA8CEEE2E" author="Robinson DG" firstAuthor="Robinson" journalOrPublisher="Malacologia" pagination="413-438" refId="B131" refString="Robinson DG (1999) Alien invasions: The effects of the global economy on non-marine gastropod introductions into the United States. Malacologia 41: 413–438." title="Alien invasions: The effects of the global economy on non-marine gastropod introductions into the United States." volume="41" year="1999">Robinson (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E1E8279DFD96C26C064D62CF37E00397" author="Probst J-M" firstAuthor="Probst" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Phaethon" pagination="1-3" refId="B124" refString="Probst J-M (2001) Description de quelques taxons de la faune malacologique introduite de La Réunion. Bulletin Phaethon 13: 1–3." title="Description de quelques taxons de la faune malacologique introduite de La Réunion." volume="13" year="2001">Probst (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E05A4683B1D9D6FACC6E41F9B89297CB" author="Shea M" firstAuthor="Shea" journalOrPublisher="Malacological Society of Australasia Newsletter" pagination="3-11" refId="B144" refString="Shea M (2007) Exotic snails and slugs found in Australia. Malacological Society of Australasia Newsletter 131: 3–11." title="Exotic snails and slugs found in Australia." volume="131" year="2007">Shea (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2CCB3602309724EBE055E041300F0761" DOI="10.1080/09670870802403986" author="Cowie RH & Hayes KA & Tran CT & Meyer WM III" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cowie" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Pest Management" pagination="267-276" refId="B30" refString="Cowie RH, Hayes KA, Tran CT, Meyer WM III (2008) The horticultural industry as a vector of alien snails and slugs: Widespread invasions in Hawaii. International Journal of Pest Management 54 (4): 267–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670870802403986" title="The horticultural industry as a vector of alien snails and slugs: Widespread invasions in Hawaii." volume="54" year="2008">Cowie et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="81F12C009631B3AC61327E87413E094E" author="Stanisic J & Shea M & Potter D & Griffiths O" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Stanisic" journalOrPublisher="Mauritius, Bioculture Press for the Australian Museum" refId="B153" refString="Stanisic J, Shea M, Potter D, Griffiths O (2010) Australian land snails volume 1. A field guide to eastern Australian species. Mauritius, Bioculture Press for the Australian Museum, 591 pp." title="Australian land snails volume 1. A field guide to eastern Australian species." year="2010">Stanisic et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A3C078C6EB0999A032D524B5F9E528B" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.682.12999" author="Foon JK & Clements GR & Liew T-S" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Foon" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pagination="1-94" refId="B49" refString="Foon JK, Clements GR, Liew T-S (2017) Diversity and biogeography of land snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the limestone hills of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. ZooKeys 682: 1–94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.12999" title="Diversity and biogeography of land snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the limestone hills of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia." volume="682" year="2017">Foon et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1E258BC1A6EFC821DE1D942F7D501764" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.70.762" author="Rowson B & Warren BH & Ngereza CF" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rowson" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pagination="1-39" refId="B135" refString="Rowson B, Warren BH, Ngereza CF (2010) Terrestrial molluscs of Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania, and its status as an “ oceanic ” island. ZooKeys 70: 1–39. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.70.762" title="Terrestrial molluscs of Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania, and its status as an “ oceanic ” island." volume="70" year="2010">Rowson et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed that Verdcourt, familiar with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67E81DD62E0634E9AE2F664170BF2001" baseAuthorityName="Potiez & Michaud" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clavulinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C88E1F775463454C203B45C7DE0366B6" italics="true">A. clavulinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in botanic gardens of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BDF87643BEDD511C1611A927567C6A68" name="United Kingdom">UK</collectingCountry>
|
||
, never reported it from East Africa (e. g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="43ABBFC0A1A98F3C7591730ABFA0A45C" author="Verdcourt" firstAuthor="Verdcourt" journalOrPublisher="Achatina" pagination="200-239" refId="B164" refString="Verdcourt B (1983) A list of the non-marine Mollusca of East Africa (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, excluding Lake Malawi). Achatina 11: 200–239." title="A list of the non-marine Mollusca of East Africa (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, excluding Lake Malawi)." volume="11" year="1983">Verdcourt 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0EF59B642048F5D8221AC64C2438EC18" DOI="10.1111/j.1095-8312.1998.tb00337.x" author="Verdcourt" editor="Burgess ND & Clarke GP" firstAuthor="Verdcourt" journalOrPublisher="IUCN, Gland, Switzerland" pagination="219-224" refId="B166" refString="Verdcourt B (2000) Molluscs. In: Burgess ND, Clarke GP (Eds) Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, 219–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1998.tb00337.x" title="Molluscs." volumeTitle="Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa." year="2000">2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3D570411C246739312A9C6264E35A4AD" author="Verdcourt" firstAuthor="Verdcourt" journalOrPublisher="B Verdcourt, Maidenhead, UK" refId="B167" refString="Verdcourt B (2006) A revised list of the non-marine mollusca of East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, excluding Lake Malawi). B Verdcourt, Maidenhead, UK, 75 pp." title="A revised list of the non-marine mollusca of East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, excluding Lake Malawi)." year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Alternatively an Asian / south-east Asian origin was proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AEB0E4DFA93497688B373F65B60E1BDD" author="Brook FJ & Walter RK & Craig JA" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Brook" journalOrPublisher="Tuhinga" pagination="75-98" refId="B19" refString="Brook FJ, Walter RK, Craig JA (2010) Changes in the terrestrial molluscan fauna of Miti’āro, southern Cook Islands. Tuhinga 21: 75–98." title="Changes in the terrestrial molluscan fauna of Miti’āro, southern Cook Islands." volume="21" year="2010">Brook et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ABF54F0FAF2B4738367F99FCA02D3067" DOI="10.1007/s10530-010-9715-x" author="Rumi A & Sánchez J & Ferrando NS" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rumi" journalOrPublisher="Biological Invasions" pagination="2985-2990" refId="B136" refString="Rumi A, Sánchez J, Ferrando NS (2010) Theba pisana (Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda, Helicidae) and other alien land molluscs species in Argentina. Biological Invasions 12: 2985–2990. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9715-x" title="Theba pisana (Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda, Helicidae) and other alien land molluscs species in Argentina." volume="12" year="2010">Rumi et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Support for a south-east Asian origin could come from the putative finding of a shell in the Holocene of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D567C5021FC5448C8D38B40E715D51D2" name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B178AB635BA6D250733030CD2888B5C" author="Robba" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Robba" refId="B130" refString="Robba E, Di Geronimo I, Chaimanee N, Negri MP, Sanfilippo R (2007) Holocene and Recent shallow soft-bottom mollusks from the Western Gulf of Thailand: Park Phanang Bay and additions to Phetchaburi fauna. Bollettino Malacologico 43 (numero speciale): 1–98." year="2007">Robba et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and its membership of a molecularly based monophyletic group, including other species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ED2687C8C8D3B0B53243EBDD98A99E5C" name="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C527DEB83CC983D4739B527A63770E3B" DOI="10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.014" author="Fontanilla" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Fontanilla" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pagination="382-385" refId="B48" refString="Fontanilla IK, Naggs F, Wade CM (2017) Molecular phylogeny of the Achatinoidea (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 114: 382–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.014" title="Molecular phylogeny of the Achatinoidea (Mollusca: Gastropoda)." volume="114" year="2017">Fontanilla et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A382324F2EEDCA949D67A355488831C1">
|
||
Today,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B429DF54FD6ECC042AD43B4197042DD" baseAuthorityName="Potiez & Michaud" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clavulinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="535991D47BBD703A986B8B0D088AD2F5" italics="true">Allopeas clavulinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in humid tropical and subtropical lowlands across the world. It is reported from the West Indies, South America, West Indian Ocean islands, South and South-east Asia, New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="866EB630BCE355FEF2167A7118CE0B36" name="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="01F2087FFE704A150F2935C6835FB735" name="Australia">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and Pacific islands. Outside the tropics and subtropics it only occurs in heated greenhouses or very disturbed habitats, mainly in the northern hemisphere. Indeed it has been reported from North America, Europe, the Middle East, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C947AD90E2B669536325E31C7E362851" name="New Zealand">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="7C3C072C4105034D4303EB58292FECD3" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Geographical distribution of Allopeas clavulinum. Asterisks indicate countries / islands where the species has been recorded only in greenhouses or very disturbed anthropogenic habitats." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B41E459DAEE863C66806E726E2AB860C" tableUuid="B41E459DAEE863C66806E726E2AB860C">1</tableCitation>
|
||
for details and references). An alleged distinct subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="938174F5EFE22539D3CBD652A2AE6616" authority="(Pilsbry & Hirase, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Pilsbry & Hirase" baseAuthorityYear="1904" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="clavulinum" subSpecies="kyotoense">
|
||
<emphasis id="E124FCD278F4F19AA91837B010E4744F" italics="true">Allopeas clavulinum kyotoense</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="298B9914EF927A61BFACB285AC56D44C" author="Pilsbry HA & Hirase Y" journalOrPublisher="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pagination="616-638" refId="B120" refString="Pilsbry HA, Hirase Y (1904) Descriptions of new land shells of the Japanese Empire. Proceedings. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 56: 616 - 638." title="Descriptions of new land shells of the Japanese Empire. Proceedings." volume="56" year="1904">Pilsbry & Hirase, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F339A180103E2274732071C1E9C46749" name="South Korea">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="752D4962EF8AC0724270DA5E2C202EFC" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4941F151B4B7EF095A32E91295DEB98C" author="Minato" firstAuthor="Minato" refId="B91" refString="Minato H (1988) A systematic and bibliographic list of the Japanese land snails. Society for the publication of a systematic and bibliographic list of the Japanese land snails, Shirahama, [x +] 294 pp [, 7 pls]." year="1988">Minato 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FBBFCD2FAC3156160176897934226D11" author="Noseworthy" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Noseworthy" journalOrPublisher="The Korean Journal of Malacology" pagination="65-104" refId="B103" refString="Noseworthy RG, Lim N-R, Choi K-S (2007) A Catalogue of the Mollusks of Jeju Island, South Korea. The Korean Journal of Malacology 23: 65–104." title="A Catalogue of the Mollusks of Jeju Island, South Korea." volume="23" year="2007">Noseworthy et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B41E459DAEE863C66806E726E2AB860C" ID-Table-UUID="B41E459DAEE863C66806E726E2AB860C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B41E459DAEE863C66806E726E2AB860C" startId="T1">
|
||
<paragraph id="E7B275A194F9A7D5C4494CDDFC23DE9F">
|
||
<label id="969451F6DED5A1376CB21795BC4643DD">Table 1.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F465431AB24905B7DFC8E9042E92312E">
|
||
Geographical distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF92C7F215AC960A535536FDA9803E24" baseAuthorityName="Potiez & Michaud" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clavulinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9E9077E240A4085F0EA24B81CD0F03CA" italics="true">Allopeas clavulinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Asterisks indicate countries / islands where the species has been recorded only in greenhouses or very disturbed anthropogenic habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="29D90433FCA0F65C7C38D8A48E339154">
|
||
<table id="TID0EAQDI" rules="all">
|
||
<tbody id="C4F4D2D7BDBB435A75BF83758D6AAB64">
|
||
<tr id="8FDB7E70B6AF9232841697F16E4F2A22">
|
||
<th id="6B12F751E9986D86630A0553A5772B1F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Regions</th>
|
||
<th id="6045B29BE74A6DFF849EB2CCA85AB37F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Countries / Islands</th>
|
||
<th id="C03D8E9298D7C371C24DC56B92BD08D1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">References</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="21F6EA44A22F5A488385E75A7E558E0E">
|
||
<td id="63DC3CA2CA9F6CC9653549E7D561D171" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="2549DDE53223E7DA41B11773DB3FFBAA" bold="true">North America</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="CB2B2A9D8F4846F70D72F3B6514EB075" colspan="1" rowspan="1">United States *</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB85C531A1E150C5A19BE418C39692" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F30406A54B8ED4F2774991573DC0864C" author="Dundee DS" firstAuthor="Dundee" journalOrPublisher="Sterkiana" pagination="1-37" refId="B40" refString="Dundee DS (1974) Catalog of introduced molluscs of eastern North America (North of Mexico). Sterkiana 55: 1–37." title="Catalog of introduced molluscs of eastern North America (North of Mexico)." volume="55" year="1974">Dundee (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6BE512F843CF07BC265166E575E2F9B6" DOI="10.4003/006.032.0203" author="Nekola JC" firstAuthor="Nekola" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="American Malacological Bulletin" pagination="225-235" refId="B101" refString="Nekola JC (2014) Overview of the North American terrestrial gastropod fauna. American Malacological Bulletin 32 (2): 225–235. https://doi.org/10.4003/006.032.0203" title="Overview of the North American terrestrial gastropod fauna." volume="32" year="2014">Nekola (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DA844AC6885A4C16AE0977AC5EA0442B">
|
||
<td id="AAA3FED0F47BCF1D6B262125B74352A4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="A05E0F6BDACAE2BA9BA8095F1E5BC1D1" bold="true">West Indies</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="230E0BCE567DD92C875FBCFA07E6E2F9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Hispaniola</td>
|
||
<td id="C94E95F2C5FDE6EF75C2099032D40838" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F63F051E5D3E215A59952BC291F4FDC0" DOI="10.33800/nc.vi17.250" author="Espinosa JA & Robinson DG" firstAuthor="Espinosa" issue="17" journalOrPublisher="Novitates Caribaea" pagination="71-146" refId="B44" refString="Espinosa JA, Robinson DG (2021) Annotated checklist of the terrestrial mollusks (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Hispaniola Island. Novitates Caribaea 17 (17): 71–146. https://doi.org/10.33800/nc.vi17.250" title="Annotated checklist of the terrestrial mollusks (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Hispaniola Island." volume="17" year="2021">Espinosa and Robinson (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DF17F60B8A3240FD7CD620859E785C40">
|
||
<td id="CE9F0F8F68C8FBAEB12AD4F426605A06" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="308ECB62DC1450B81AF3B92E37E20F41" bold="true">South America</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="9920920DADE43D537C94A9E8A77AEBF5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Brazil and Suriname</td>
|
||
<td id="9801883671A6F9453ADC55DB5169C4AD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7B8E5ECE6A9613533640263FDE48B994" DOI="10.1080/01650526809360407" author="Marcus E & Marcus E" firstAuthor="Marcus" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna" pagination="186-208" refId="B87" refString="Marcus E, Marcus E (1968) Über einige Subulinidae (Pulmonata von Sao Paulo). Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna 5 (3): 186–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650526809360407" title="Über einige Subulinidae (Pulmonata von Sao Paulo)." volume="5" year="1968">Marcus and Marcus (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="59E2D44A5BA754CA368D77001AFCB1D9" author="van Regteren Altena CO" firstAuthor="van Regteren Altena" refId="B163" refString="van Regteren Altena CO (1975) Land Gastropoda of Suriname, with the description of a new species of Nesopupa. Basteria 39 (3 / 6): 29–50." year="1975">van Regteren Altena (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F2382EC7D61C53F3D62CE63495A62502" author="Simone LRL" firstAuthor="Simone" journalOrPublisher="EGB, São Paulo" refId="B145" refString="Simone LRL (2006) Land and freshwater molluscs of Brazil. EGB, São Paulo, 390 pp." title="Land and freshwater molluscs of Brazil." year="2006">Simone (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A9891209291B3AE28647F97E68DB4B29" DOI="10.1007/s10530-010-9715-x" author="Rumi A & Sánchez J & Ferrando NS" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rumi" journalOrPublisher="Biological Invasions" pagination="2985-2990" refId="B136" refString="Rumi A, Sánchez J, Ferrando NS (2010) Theba pisana (Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda, Helicidae) and other alien land molluscs species in Argentina. Biological Invasions 12: 2985–2990. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9715-x" title="Theba pisana (Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda, Helicidae) and other alien land molluscs species in Argentina." volume="12" year="2010">Rumi et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CF5B9D73A922BB1780F18B74414C1F4">
|
||
<td id="E26E2E3BD44A9B7156D7FF7AE5579F3B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="EE83A25538BB82379F31147463A6B689" bold="true">Europe</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="B3D6224EF12280F74E1307B60515FD27" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Austria *, Czech Republic *, Finland *, Germany *, Great Britain *, Ireland *, Italy *, Netherlands * and Sweden *</td>
|
||
<td id="4AD6FB87A6F6327F06AB0B1C87771BBB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1ABF0E1B21E0B2A9CB19D573984CBADD" author="Kerney MP & Cameron RAD" firstAuthor="Kerney" journalOrPublisher="Collins, London" refId="B78" refString="Kerney MP, Cameron RAD (1979) A field guide to the land snails of Britain and north-west Europe. Collins, London, 288 pp." title="A field guide to the land snails of Britain and north-west Europe." year="1979">Kerney and Cameron (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
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, this paper
|
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="387030DBC1569ECC3AFF8308445B6A35">
|
||
<td id="2581E323B14BEEE646AC3FECEE9224D2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="5E645123AB8D3930411173AF7E8C9123" bold="true">Indian Ocean</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="F91B6BF9CAE99E8D83677EB29A559B23" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Madagascar, Mascarene, and Seychelles</td>
|
||
<td id="8674F550E74690DBA31A574E0022497E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B82183C0FCF413634DDFCA48CB8293E5" author="Probst J-M" firstAuthor="Probst" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Phaethon" pagination="1-3" refId="B124" refString="Probst J-M (2001) Description de quelques taxons de la faune malacologique introduite de La Réunion. Bulletin Phaethon 13: 1–3." title="Description de quelques taxons de la faune malacologique introduite de La Réunion." volume="13" year="2001">Probst (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="182F0CAFBBD7E30886D6B197449350F0" author="Gerlach J" firstAuthor="Gerlach" journalOrPublisher="Backhuys, Leiden" refId="B51" refString="Gerlach J (2006) Terrestrial and freshwater Mollusca of the Seychelles Islands. Backhuys, Leiden, 141 pp." title="Terrestrial and freshwater Mollusca of the Seychelles Islands." year="2006">Gerlach (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="A298B03265AC217FF9A2ED1AB214209E" author="Griffiths OL & Florens VFB" firstAuthor="Griffiths" journalOrPublisher="Bioculture Press, Mauritius" refId="B57" refString="Griffiths OL, Florens VFB (2006) A field guide to the non-marine molluscs of the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius, Réunion and Rodrigues) and the northern dependencies of Mauritius. Bioculture Press, Mauritius, 188 pp." title="A field guide to the non-marine molluscs of the Mascarene Islands (Mauritius, Réunion and Rodrigues) and the northern dependencies of Mauritius." year="2006">Griffiths and Florens (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="965DB96700106870487C2FFCD4946577" author="Bank RA & Menkhorst HPMG" firstAuthor="Bank" journalOrPublisher="Basteria" pagination="93-110" refId="B6" refString="Bank RA, Menkhorst HPMG (2008) Notes on the nomenclature of some land- and freshwater molluscs of the Seychelles, with consequences for taxa from Africa, Madagascar, India, the Philippines, Jamaica, and Europe. Basteria 72: 93–110." title="Notes on the nomenclature of some land- and freshwater molluscs of the Seychelles, with consequences for taxa from Africa, Madagascar, India, the Philippines, Jamaica, and Europe." volume="72" year="2008">Bank and Menkhorst (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="53E8DB80611BE0EF206BF77C12A5E71B" DOI="10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/139/071-141" author="Emberton CK & Slapcinsky J & Campbell CA & Rakotondrazafy JA & Andriamiarison TN & Emberton JD" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Emberton" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Archiv für Molluskenkunde" pagination="71-141" refId="B42" refString="Emberton CK, Slapcinsky J, Campbell CA, Rakotondrazafy JA, Andriamiarison TN, Emberton JD (2010) Terrestrial mollusks of Andriantantely Massif, eastern Madagascar, with descriptions of 36 new species (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Pulmonata). Archiv für Molluskenkunde 139 (1): 71–141. https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/139/071-141" title="Terrestrial mollusks of Andriantantely Massif, eastern Madagascar, with descriptions of 36 new species (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Pulmonata)." volume="139" year="2010">Emberton et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="D31094BA5E9DB9A74601BB2FEFC8D14C">
|
||
<td id="C15C0F767CD01FE5C1D1937FE7B38155" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBE9F6DBC49D84A65DEF3B9D4E3DBDBD" bold="true">West Asia</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C47A30CA2A738E5BAC7B421F7F29A545" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Israel *</td>
|
||
<td id="E824AD388BC4AA1A28181CDB7458559F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="74365F4C7297B02073FB70AD80DA4BDB" author="Mienis HK & Rittner O & Vaisman S" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mienis" journalOrPublisher="Tentacle" pagination="15-16" refId="B89" refString="Mienis HK, Rittner O, Vaisman S (2012) The spike awlsnail Lamellaxis clavulinus in Israel. Tentacle 20: 15–16." title="The spike awlsnail Lamellaxis clavulinus in Israel." volume="20" year="2012">Mienis et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EF3E7B69A792B5588772DC47B01A293F">
|
||
<td id="978FB439D602F5A8D710F7067017D3D6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="AD8957C1FE9D20771FE4745DA920D4B6" bold="true">South Asia</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="2153A573A32EAB73569DD6DE5845D38D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Nepal</td>
|
||
<td id="1D2CAD3AA7E6900E0B17A06A4DCC6CAB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A7960022FD7D483D5C14F2E028F8D22E" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.492.9175" author="Budha PB & Naggs F & Backeljau T" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Budha" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pagination="1-48" refId="B21" refString="Budha PB, Naggs F, Backeljau T (2015) Annotated Checklist of the Terrestrial Gastropods of Nepal. ZooKeys 492: 1–48. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.492.9175" title="Annotated Checklist of the Terrestrial Gastropods of Nepal." volume="492" year="2015">Budha et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DB9F2034AE68C30C4C1FDE1D9282ECE7">
|
||
<td id="2DA0FFDB6031215DF32E5CBA3A2ECF1D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B55F25E348E0CF8D2777CCC90A4A9BFA" bold="true">South-East Asia</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="8A413EF6828E6E067A1A1B4496CD9793" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Indonesia, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Sabah in Malaysian Borneo and Singapore</td>
|
||
<td id="A74E9D6E0BA35884B0B990AE3EDF7892" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AEA17D60D7903E2BD428A2054E0E1DC4" author="Ho WH" firstAuthor="Ho" journalOrPublisher="The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pagination="91-113" refId="B63" refString="Ho WH (1995) A review of the land-snail fauna of Singapore. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 43: 91–113." title="A review of the land-snail fauna of Singapore." volume="43" year="1995">Ho (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="E2C16B823286B53FB05673076A3576E4" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.682.12999" author="Foon JK & Clements GR & Liew T-S" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Foon" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pagination="1-94" refId="B49" refString="Foon JK, Clements GR, Liew T-S (2017) Diversity and biogeography of land snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the limestone hills of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. ZooKeys 682: 1–94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.682.12999" title="Diversity and biogeography of land snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the limestone hills of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia." volume="682" year="2017">Foon et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ED7993A31615B1A5CB424EAF48C64123" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.673.12422" author="Phung C-C & Yu FTY & Liew T-S" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Phung" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pagination="49-104" refId="B113" refString="Phung C-C, Yu FTY, Liew T-S (2017) A checklist of land snails from the west coast islands of Sabah, Borneo (Mollusca, Gastropoda). ZooKeys 673: 49–104. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.673.12422" title="A checklist of land snails from the west coast islands of Sabah, Borneo (Mollusca, Gastropoda)." volume="673" year="2017">Phung et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="68BD79F4E344E975886CA9D654D9D683" DOI="10.1093/mollus/eyy062" author="Nurinsiyaha AS & Hausdorf B" firstAuthor="Nurinsiyaha" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="The Journal of Molluscan Studies" pagination="92-102" refId="B104" refString="Nurinsiyaha AS, Hausdorf B (2019) Listing, impact assessment and prioritization of introduced land snail and slug species in Indonesia. The Journal of Molluscan Studies 85 (1): 92–102. https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyy062" title="Listing, impact assessment and prioritization of introduced land snail and slug species in Indonesia." volume="85" year="2019">Nurinsiyaha and Hausdorf (2019)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="DDF52E84EA2C2A66D10356CF1DA9285C" DOI="10.56899/150.S1.39" author="Parcon JA & Lit Jr IL & Camacho MVC & de Chavez ERC" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Parcon" refId="B107" refString="Parcon JA, Lit Jr IL, Camacho MVC, de Chavez ERC (2020) Diversity of land snails in the karst areas of Sta. Teresita, Cagayan province, Luzon island with notes on new distribution records. Philippine Journal of Science 150 (S 1): 525–537. https://doi.org/10.56899/150.S1.39" year="2020">Parcon et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
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</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1CA4A00AAD25E552A9ADB10CC50DE4B4">
|
||
<td id="95E8227F0474A495F9C814FC8D766EDF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="7E6C77C1AD1C2DB651F6196C27E2115B" bold="true">Oceania</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="5312071CCD7E84EEEF1CDAD9C32C034B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand * and Pacific islands (American Samoa, Chilean Islands: Rapa Nui, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Hawaii, Norfolk Island, Pitcairn Islands and Tonga)</td>
|
||
<td id="9D978675AED31D4EF7540CD4C50DF000" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
Anonymous undated,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="81F31249D36A3A57FB9A9A39DEF3F693" author="van Benthem Jutting WSS" firstAuthor="van Benthem Jutting" journalOrPublisher="Nova Guinea (Zoology)" pagination="1-74" refId="B159" refString="van Benthem Jutting WSS (1964) Non-marine Mollusca of West New Guinea. Part 3, Pulmonata, 1. Nova Guinea (Zoology) 26: 1–74." title="Non-marine Mollusca of West New Guinea. Part 3, Pulmonata, 1." volume="26" year="1964">van Benthem Jutting (1964)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="A9CED77A1EB6D5DD7FF4D4F502DF8706" DOI="10.1071/IT9880455" author="Solem A" firstAuthor="Solem" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pagination="455-604" refId="B151" refString="Solem A (1989) Non-camaenid land snails of the Kimberley and Northern Territory, Australia, I. Systematics, affinities and ranges. Invertebrate Systematics 2 (4): 455–604. https://doi.org/10.1071/IT9880455" title="Non-camaenid land snails of the Kimberley and Northern Territory, Australia, I. Systematics, affinities and ranges." volume="2" year="1989">Solem (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="34CE6003957A00992018AF68558E3850" author="Cowie" editor="Sherley G" firstAuthor="Cowie" journalOrPublisher="South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Apia" pagination="143-172" refId="B28" refString="Cowie RH (2000) Non-indigenous land and freshwater molluscs in the islands of the Pacific: conservation impacts and threats. In: Sherley G (Ed.) Invasive Species in The Pacific: A Technical Review and Regional Strategy. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Apia, 143–172." title="Non-indigenous land and freshwater molluscs in the islands of the Pacific: conservation impacts and threats." volumeTitle="Invasive Species in The Pacific: A Technical Review and Regional Strategy." year="2000">Cowie (2000</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="89AC3DF186A6D2A78474CC89C6F70E8C" DOI="10.1023/A:1014529019000" author="Cowie" firstAuthor="Cowie" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Biological Invasions" pagination="119-136" refId="B29" refString="Cowie RH (2001) Invertebrate invasions on Pacific Islands and the replacement of unique native faunas: A synthesis of the land and freshwater snails. Biological Invasions 3 (2): 119–136. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014529019000" title="Invertebrate invasions on Pacific Islands and the replacement of unique native faunas: A synthesis of the land and freshwater snails." volume="3" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<bibRefCitation id="7123F32C9DB2E57A6535783CF58C356B" author="Shea M" firstAuthor="Shea" journalOrPublisher="Malacological Society of Australasia Newsletter" pagination="3-11" refId="B144" refString="Shea M (2007) Exotic snails and slugs found in Australia. Malacological Society of Australasia Newsletter 131: 3–11." title="Exotic snails and slugs found in Australia." volume="131" year="2007">Shea (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="645FC89C82E8E11A7839355A2366B8C7" DOI="10.4002/0076-2997-49.2.445" author="Stanisic" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Stanisic" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Malacologia" pagination="445-462" refId="B152" refString="Stanisic J, Cameron RAD, Pokryszko BM, Nekola JC (2007) Forest snail faunas from S. E. Queensland and N. E. New South Wales (Australia): Patterns of local and regional richness and differentiation. Malacologia 49 (2): 445–462. https://doi.org/10.4002/0076-2997-49.2.445" title="Forest snail faunas from S. E. Queensland and N. E. New South Wales (Australia): Patterns of local and regional richness and differentiation." volume="49" year="2007">Stanisic et al. (2007</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="813655D75C4AC92ECC80E0FFF28F4EC7" author="Stanisic" firstAuthor="Stanisic" journalOrPublisher="Mauritius, Bioculture Press for the Australian Museum" refId="B153" refString="Stanisic J, Shea M, Potter D, Griffiths O (2010) Australian land snails volume 1. A field guide to eastern Australian species. Mauritius, Bioculture Press for the Australian Museum, 591 pp." title="Australian land snails volume 1. A field guide to eastern Australian species." year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<bibRefCitation id="FE88E99BD23AB103E73BF2845115C919" author="Brook FJ & Walter RK & Craig JA" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Brook" journalOrPublisher="Tuhinga" pagination="75-98" refId="B19" refString="Brook FJ, Walter RK, Craig JA (2010) Changes in the terrestrial molluscan fauna of Miti’āro, southern Cook Islands. Tuhinga 21: 75–98." title="Changes in the terrestrial molluscan fauna of Miti’āro, southern Cook Islands." volume="21" year="2010">Brook et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="2F3D662B9A825473E6E964ACE82CCA57" author="Brook FJ" editor="Atherton JN & McKenna SA & Wheatley A" firstAuthor="Brook" journalOrPublisher="Secretariat of the Pacific regional environment Programme, Apia, Samoa" pagination="79-91" refId="B18" refString="Brook FJ (2014) Land snails of Vava’u. In: Atherton JN, McKenna SA, Wheatley A (Eds) Rapid biodiversity assessment of the Vava’u Archipelago, Kingdom of Tonga. Secretariat of the Pacific regional environment Programme, Apia, Samoa, 79–91." title="Land snails of Vava’u." volumeTitle="Rapid biodiversity assessment of the Vava’u Archipelago, Kingdom of Tonga." year="2014">Brook (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="C2CC24EBC91451F1DEE14FB3EAA4A312" author="Cowie RH & Rundell RJ & Yeung NW" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cowie" refId="B31" refString="Cowie RH, Rundell RJ, Yeung NW (2017) Samoan land snails and slugs. An identification guide. Pago Pago, American Samoa. Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, American Samoa Government, Contribution (Pacific Biological Survey), no. 2017-004, [viii +] 71 pp." year="2017">Cowie et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="51508CC8F713F7A1B748A47135E208DD" author="Maynard GV & Lepschi BJ & Malfroy SF" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Maynard" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales" pagination="7-243" refId="B88" refString="Maynard GV, Lepschi BJ, Malfroy SF (2018) Norfolk Island quarantine survey 2012–2014 – a comprehensive assessment of an isolated subtropical island. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 140: 7–243." title="Norfolk Island quarantine survey 2012-2014 - a comprehensive assessment of an isolated subtropical island." volume="140" year="2018">Maynard et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="C29E494A9D36B240769FE75EA2680B47" DOI="10.54830/bmnhn.v67.n1.2018.37" author="Osorio CR" firstAuthor="Osorio" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural" pagination="55-80" refId="B106" refString="Osorio CR (2018) Lista de los moluscos de Isla de Pascua (Rapa Nui) Chile, en el Pacifico Sur. Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural 67 (1): 55–80. https://doi.org/10.54830/bmnhn.v67.n1.2018.37" title="Lista de los moluscos de Isla de Pascua (Rapa Nui) Chile, en el Pacifico Sur." volume="67" year="2018">Osorio (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BAF17D11C0CCE6C91F424CC3752A6C4F">
|
||
The genital anatomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCD065A561FE84C28F80ADC5C1F2BA56">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BF23A4178F809DDEE4EBA296B959F2F" italics="true">Allopeas</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is poorly understood. Earlier studies have been performed on specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BB188BA64987ACA5C36FBF1F48F6FFA" authority="(Hutton, 1834)" baseAuthorityName="Hutton" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D9A261690BA6E79A57F2FE0F3AB7D58" italics="true">Allopeas gracile</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C9D5EC8770BFA4FF3B57741042E6A0C" author="Hutton T" issue="26" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pagination="81-93" refId="B73" refString="Hutton T (1834) On the land shells of India. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 3 (26): 81 - 93." title="On the land shells of India." volume="3" year="1834">Hutton, 1834</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A3448DBF81E5D2048154E1FA44A4930B" name="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC8120449AB17CA8EE1DD1FB2D0AD09D" DOI="10.5962/bhl.part.27492" author="Baker" firstAuthor="Baker" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" pagination="84-92" refId="B5" refString="Baker HB (1945) Some American Achatinidae. The Nautilus 58: 84–92. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.27492" title="Some American Achatinidae." volume="58" year="1945">Baker 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Baker in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2F7FA5EEAE71F9C01538C43065BE193B" author="Pilsbry" firstAuthor="Pilsbry" refId="B119" refString="Pilsbry HA (1946) Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Vol. II. Part 1. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Monographs 3, 520 pp." year="1946">Pilsbry 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="39671BCB6E06CBADD902BFA58B8F3EAA" name="Suriname">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AB4A3296D3114BBB6F9818755897FC23" author="Gittenberger and van Bruggen" firstAuthor="Gittenberger" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden" pagination="235-273" refId="B54" refString="Gittenberger E, van Bruggen AC (2013) Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden 87 (3): 235–273." title="Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania." volume="87" year="2013">Gittenberger and van Bruggen 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43B7B28F420F20743E6B1FA8885085B1" baseAuthorityName="Potiez & Michaud" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clavulinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="5C530D917F37537017698338407117DB" italics="true">Allopeas clavulinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="19AC7EB45D9FAB991BEC200EDC3321F7" name="United Kingdom">Scotland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C141C9F01E50510E8E76834434C8426" DOI="10.5962/bhl.part.27492" author="Baker" firstAuthor="Baker" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" pagination="84-92" refId="B5" refString="Baker HB (1945) Some American Achatinidae. The Nautilus 58: 84–92. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.27492" title="Some American Achatinidae." volume="58" year="1945">Baker 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Baker in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F71B1DF8D8F703C249535CFB8B917A0A" author="Pilsbry" firstAuthor="Pilsbry" refId="B119" refString="Pilsbry HA (1946) Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Vol. II. Part 1. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Monographs 3, 520 pp." year="1946">Pilsbry 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="860ECB527E09B8E4E82D01257C8FB0F6" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6AA13D8E114A5CF93A7C7A1CB4757E12" DOI="10.1080/01650526809360407" author="Marcus and Marcus" firstAuthor="Marcus" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna" pagination="186-208" refId="B87" refString="Marcus E, Marcus E (1968) Über einige Subulinidae (Pulmonata von Sao Paulo). Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna 5 (3): 186–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650526809360407" title="Über einige Subulinidae (Pulmonata von Sao Paulo)." volume="5" year="1968">Marcus and Marcus 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F8973D846EC3CAABC58167FDAFEFEC9" authority="(Pfeiffer, 1853)" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mauritianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="FCB68967AC08614F56DE31E27928599E" italics="true">Allopeas mauritianum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D97D3B28F0EF530A9CF971B23642B8AC" author="Pfeiffer L" refId="B112" refString="Pfeiffer L (1853) Die Gattungen Bulimus, Partula, Achatinella, Achatina und Azeca. In Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. In: Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz, Ersten Bandes, dreizehnte Abtheilung, erster Theil. (1) 13 (1, Livraison 124): III - XIX, 65 - 96, pls. 19 - 24. Bauer & Raspe, Nurnberg." year="1853">Pfeiffer, 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="29175FF4BBB96A26E59E348671168AAB" name="Mauritius">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27DE2E9FD6213A456C801BBFA5D1B516" DOI="10.5962/bhl.part.27492" author="Baker" firstAuthor="Baker" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" pagination="84-92" refId="B5" refString="Baker HB (1945) Some American Achatinidae. The Nautilus 58: 84–92. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.27492" title="Some American Achatinidae." volume="58" year="1945">Baker 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Baker in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F6A4EC580972869A219D45308DE8BC99" author="Pilsbry" firstAuthor="Pilsbry" refId="B119" refString="Pilsbry HA (1946) Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Vol. II. Part 1. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Monographs 3, 520 pp." year="1946">Pilsbry 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFE6A7AD1B9AE2010EE558D913596A4E" authorityName="H. B. Baker" authorityYear="1935" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FED21CF7732193C3FE304D1F3568C85" italics="true">Allopeas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“ spec. 2 and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3EB4F3C85407E934363B323F6087E86" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undefined-3">
|
||
<emphasis id="C16990EFD9891F20E398717C37A8EBC4" italics="true">Allopeas</emphasis>
|
||
spec. 3
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” from Pemba (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="632E89A8402A256DACC2CF8CCC1B09B7" author="Gittenberger and van Bruggen" firstAuthor="Gittenberger" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden" pagination="235-273" refId="B54" refString="Gittenberger E, van Bruggen AC (2013) Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden 87 (3): 235–273." title="Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania." volume="87" year="2013">Gittenberger and van Bruggen 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The overall distal genitalia organisation of our specimens (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="41BE6C8DF4296999B2627B07ED6B7251" captionStart="Figures 9–11" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9–11. Genital anatomy of Allopeas clavulinum from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019: 9, 10 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) 11 distal genitalia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures9-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103568">9</figureCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<figureCitation id="CAA634736B700D8ABD4CFBA1163380CA" captionStart="Figures 12–14" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 12–14. Genital anatomy of alien achatinids in Italian greenhouses: 12, 13 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) and diagram of the proximal penial complex of Allopeas clavulinum from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019 14 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) of Opeas hannense from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures12-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103569">12</figureCitation>
|
||
) is consistent with that described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D16C0F107AF26C262BDBB3E5A3771B4D" baseAuthorityName="Hutton" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis id="35EC52BBB56BD6A8C9264BAAC59E02E0" italics="true">Allopeas gracile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA5008298056259A76009F39C0C8378A" DOI="10.5962/bhl.part.27492" author="Baker HB" firstAuthor="Baker" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" page="88 - 89" pagination="84-92" refId="B5" refString="Baker HB (1945) Some American Achatinidae. The Nautilus 58: 84–92. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.27492" title="Some American Achatinidae." volume="58" year="1945">Baker 1945: 88–89</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Baker in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DB2FDA9F1657B68BE8623349183A31F5" author="Pilsbry HA" firstAuthor="Pilsbry" page="178" refId="B119" refString="Pilsbry HA (1946) Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Vol. II. Part 1. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Monographs 3, 520 pp." year="1946">Pilsbry 1946: 178</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 84.9;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1144F2CB6F5EBEE52B5A84F38BC5B4C2" author="Gittenberger E & van Bruggen AC" firstAuthor="Gittenberger" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden" page="255" pagination="235-273" refId="B54" refString="Gittenberger E, van Bruggen AC (2013) Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden 87 (3): 235–273." title="Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania." volume="87" year="2013">Gittenberger and van Bruggen 2013: 255</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 10),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB4862F6CD5DA48F4ABD0A05DE4C3906" baseAuthorityName="Potiez & Michaud" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clavulinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D0124BFF4A3B354A2BBB7DAA2B6D196B" italics="true">Allopeas clavulinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Baker in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BF0F0DC7143328F4774EEF697C45A169" author="Pilsbry" firstAuthor="Pilsbry" refId="B119" refString="Pilsbry HA (1946) Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Vol. II. Part 1. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Monographs 3, 520 pp." year="1946">Pilsbry 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 84.6;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0286C1876536D12D5965C90B2F027A6A" DOI="10.1080/01650526809360407" author="Marcus and Marcus" firstAuthor="Marcus" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna" pagination="186-208" refId="B87" refString="Marcus E, Marcus E (1968) Über einige Subulinidae (Pulmonata von Sao Paulo). Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna 5 (3): 186–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650526809360407" title="Über einige Subulinidae (Pulmonata von Sao Paulo)." volume="5" year="1968">Marcus and Marcus 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 9),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7D5211F3A7961B6492498FBD0180D3D9" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undefined-2">
|
||
<emphasis id="00F5BE06DFE990E14BF68F47B58CF3A8" italics="true">Allopeas</emphasis>
|
||
spec. 2
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3BAA216255390B93085355E6D0639504" author="Gittenberger E & van Bruggen AC" firstAuthor="Gittenberger" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden" page="254 - 255" pagination="235-273" refId="B54" refString="Gittenberger E, van Bruggen AC (2013) Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden 87 (3): 235–273." title="Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania." volume="87" year="2013">Gittenberger and van Bruggen 2013: 254–255</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 11) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04DF751D2CBED8727F55BDEE426A3159" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undefined-3">
|
||
<emphasis id="34A3B56E20BFB3AB30759F3FD1A2064D" italics="true">Allopeas</emphasis>
|
||
spec. 3
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C5D6E7B42B3EC150563A426DF75EFF2" author="Gittenberger E & van Bruggen AC" firstAuthor="Gittenberger" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden" page="255" pagination="235-273" refId="B54" refString="Gittenberger E, van Bruggen AC (2013) Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden 87 (3): 235–273." title="Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania." volume="87" year="2013">Gittenberger and van Bruggen 2013: 255</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 12). However the relationships between the penial sheath and the vas deferens seem different from what was illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44C24E68EFC7A3011EAE581B50838C50" DOI="10.1080/01650526809360407" author="Marcus E & Marcus E" firstAuthor="Marcus" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna" pagination="186-208" refId="B87" refString="Marcus E, Marcus E (1968) Über einige Subulinidae (Pulmonata von Sao Paulo). Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna 5 (3): 186–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650526809360407" title="Über einige Subulinidae (Pulmonata von Sao Paulo)." volume="5" year="1968">Marcus and Marcus (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the only authors to describe them: according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B72AAB045D9815B7BC0A0FC1610E80C" DOI="10.1080/01650526809360407" author="Marcus and Marcus" firstAuthor="Marcus" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna" pagination="186-208" refId="B87" refString="Marcus E, Marcus E (1968) Über einige Subulinidae (Pulmonata von Sao Paulo). Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna 5 (3): 186–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650526809360407" title="Über einige Subulinidae (Pulmonata von Sao Paulo)." volume="5" year="1968">Marcus and Marcus (1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 9) the vas deferens runs externally to the penial sheath whereas we found that it runs internally. The proximal penial complex consists of a short bulbous epiphallus and thin walled penial caecum with a branch of the penial retractor on the proximal tip of each (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="30498D33C2CFA0FC6AF29D56CAD0538B" captionStart="Figures 12–14" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 12–14. Genital anatomy of alien achatinids in Italian greenhouses: 12, 13 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) and diagram of the proximal penial complex of Allopeas clavulinum from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019 14 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) of Opeas hannense from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures12-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103569">13</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="38DB929B2E5F36E11A359C0DE4E28817" captionStart="Figures 15, 16" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15, 16. Proximal penial complex of Allopeas clavulinum from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures15-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103570">15</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="104FC78E3AB14F6079F019FA18BA8279" captionStart="Figures 15, 16" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 15, 16. Proximal penial complex of Allopeas clavulinum from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures15-16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103570">16</figureCitation>
|
||
). The epiphallus and the penial caecum are so closely juxtaposed as to resemble a usual proximal penis tip with an undivided penial retractor joined to it (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="CDDE50D84E916C5A2BA847BB55CECF71" captionStart="Figures 9–11" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9–11. Genital anatomy of Allopeas clavulinum from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019: 9, 10 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) 11 distal genitalia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures9-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103568">9</figureCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<figureCitation id="BAD36BC8C079C424C81911D77D7EBC4C" captionStart="Figures 12–14" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 12–14. Genital anatomy of alien achatinids in Italian greenhouses: 12, 13 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) and diagram of the proximal penial complex of Allopeas clavulinum from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019 14 genitalia (hermaphrodite gonad excluded) of Opeas hannense from the tropical greenhouse of the Science Museum of Trento (MUSE), D. Barbato & G. Bolzonella leg. 04 May 2019." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.119147.figures12-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103569">12</figureCitation>
|
||
). This arrangement matches that already described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="322E5014A844F556F3F47C55EBC06815" baseAuthorityName="Hutton" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis id="097AFBB59C8A7A286788C836E97FE367" italics="true">Allopeas gracile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60D380933A9F5C0B0A94FF3BDD889CCA" DOI="10.5962/bhl.part.27492" author="Baker HB" firstAuthor="Baker" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" page="88" pagination="84-92" refId="B5" refString="Baker HB (1945) Some American Achatinidae. The Nautilus 58: 84–92. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.27492" title="Some American Achatinidae." volume="58" year="1945">Baker 1945: 88</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Baker in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E93CDAE9EFEFB0ED2FAE969DFE9BDA0C" author="Pilsbry HA" firstAuthor="Pilsbry" page="178" refId="B119" refString="Pilsbry HA (1946) Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Vol. II. Part 1. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Monographs 3, 520 pp." year="1946">Pilsbry 1946: 178</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 84.10),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA33AB764F56A9C9DB256D3F00959AB3" baseAuthorityName="Potiez & Michaud" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clavulinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="48ACAD209D8F9A3E2339437C843C781D" italics="true">Allopeas clavulinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3738BC1739389BDF0271A19C9AE08B3F" DOI="10.5962/bhl.part.27492" author="Baker HB" firstAuthor="Baker" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" page="90" pagination="84-92" refId="B5" refString="Baker HB (1945) Some American Achatinidae. The Nautilus 58: 84–92. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.27492" title="Some American Achatinidae." volume="58" year="1945">Baker 1945: 90</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Baker in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A3A2C180898A89688008AB1EF26BFEB6" author="Pilsbry HA" firstAuthor="Pilsbry" page="180" refId="B119" refString="Pilsbry HA (1946) Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Vol. II. Part 1. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Monographs 3, 520 pp." year="1946">Pilsbry 1946: 180</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 84.6;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8A74F7F8F22AAF6BC262006ED364644B" DOI="10.1080/01650526809360407" author="Marcus and Marcus" firstAuthor="Marcus" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna" pagination="186-208" refId="B87" refString="Marcus E, Marcus E (1968) Über einige Subulinidae (Pulmonata von Sao Paulo). Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna 5 (3): 186–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650526809360407" title="Über einige Subulinidae (Pulmonata von Sao Paulo)." volume="5" year="1968">Marcus and Marcus 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 9),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CC0B31EC9919FE999C3BB9BB5655D9C" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mauritianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1278CD228010F3FCC35457DB2E6504F6" italics="true">Allopeas mauritianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="822F5E70E694D25B1C0D9ACBCFEAC9AC" DOI="10.5962/bhl.part.27492" author="Baker HB" firstAuthor="Baker" journalOrPublisher="The Nautilus" page="90" pagination="84-92" refId="B5" refString="Baker HB (1945) Some American Achatinidae. The Nautilus 58: 84–92. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.27492" title="Some American Achatinidae." volume="58" year="1945">Baker 1945: 90</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Baker in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3FBB3F1F5C86C587FB7B73EE4E9954B1" author="Pilsbry HA" firstAuthor="Pilsbry" page="180" refId="B119" refString="Pilsbry HA (1946) Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Vol. II. Part 1. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Monographs 3, 520 pp." year="1946">Pilsbry 1946: 180</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A698F0844A223CDFA78CC58A6E3BD6" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undefined-2">
|
||
<emphasis id="04E3D41982F7A7C1291752478ADAD21A" italics="true">Allopeas</emphasis>
|
||
spec. 2
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B6D1591220564C1708C7825CFE429CC" author="Gittenberger E & van Bruggen AC" firstAuthor="Gittenberger" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden" page="255" pagination="235-273" refId="B54" refString="Gittenberger E, van Bruggen AC (2013) Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden 87 (3): 235–273." title="Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania." volume="87" year="2013">Gittenberger and van Bruggen 2013: 255</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 11 b). However there seems to be some variation, especially in the structure of the penial caecum between these species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3321B9BDD36265F4491425D4E97886EE" baseAuthorityName="Hutton" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB3C9E074B13A3CE1B4D558E29714DBB" italics="true">Allopeas gracile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E9459532A193436202B7F04553D3114" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mauritianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C5E32819FAF51213769F658602A5ACEB" italics="true">Allopeas mauritianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a robust penial caecum, large at the base and progressively tapering towards the tip (for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3482CA84F2E1911FC70024B10771BDB" baseAuthorityName="Hutton" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C57182D6E8CA875E176DCF30C4B58FA" italics="true">Allopeas gracile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see Baker in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CEAEAFC5A8F31FCD12FA5572C417FD42" author="Pilsbry" firstAuthor="Pilsbry" refId="B119" refString="Pilsbry HA (1946) Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Vol. II. Part 1. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Monographs 3, 520 pp." year="1946">Pilsbry 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 84.10;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9FF03BA0682C8CB718D2116CE1529E77" author="Gittenberger and van Bruggen" firstAuthor="Gittenberger" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden" pagination="235-273" refId="B54" refString="Gittenberger E, van Bruggen AC (2013) Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden 87 (3): 235–273." title="Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania." volume="87" year="2013">Gittenberger and van Bruggen 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75BA969985F6BB194080457D94EB5C8B" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mauritianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7620BA4CB6DA3769C2FA2511A253C12C" italics="true">Allopeas mauritianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see Baker in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="734917916ECE32E66261F9459D06C158" author="Pilsbry" firstAuthor="Pilsbry" refId="B119" refString="Pilsbry HA (1946) Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Vol. II. Part 1. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Monographs 3, 520 pp." year="1946">Pilsbry 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 84.3), whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67D20A1F907411C39E48E1CC2E38BD80" baseAuthorityName="Potiez & Michaud" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clavulinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3EA3946061F31EB67A5267AA63E92469" italics="true">Allopeas clavulinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a long slender penial caecum almost uniform in diameter, thin along its entire length (Baker in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FCE27796A773C467BBA7F3E87D901A80" author="Pilsbry" firstAuthor="Pilsbry" refId="B119" refString="Pilsbry HA (1946) Land Mollusca of North America (North of Mexico). Vol. II. Part 1. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Monographs 3, 520 pp." year="1946">Pilsbry 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 84.4;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="86826CF2BF99EE22D07D482E647CCE98" DOI="10.1080/01650526809360407" author="Marcus and Marcus" firstAuthor="Marcus" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna" pagination="186-208" refId="B87" refString="Marcus E, Marcus E (1968) Über einige Subulinidae (Pulmonata von Sao Paulo). Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna 5 (3): 186–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650526809360407" title="Über einige Subulinidae (Pulmonata von Sao Paulo)." volume="5" year="1968">Marcus and Marcus 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 9). Based on penial caecum structure, our specimens apparently do not match those assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6333F5CCBA0BD50DD41DF7275D268C9C" baseAuthorityName="Potiez & Michaud" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clavulinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="37AD87CA7C83A467A49519751B59770C" italics="true">Allopeas clavulinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but are more similar to those assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1A84C47F01CB217E878962C37BBA8DB" baseAuthorityName="Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mauritianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="658D20ADBD17626C7D29D954A117EDA8" italics="true">Allopeas mauritianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As already rightly observed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="10A6B58112C10E259F680352AF8CD4A8" author="Gittenberger E & van Bruggen AC" firstAuthor="Gittenberger" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden" pagination="235-273" refId="B54" refString="Gittenberger E, van Bruggen AC (2013) Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden 87 (3): 235–273." title="Land snails of the islet of Misali, off Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania." volume="87" year="2013">Gittenberger and van Bruggen (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, it is not clear whether these differences are due to individual variation or to phylogenetic divergence. The relationships between these taxa are also uncertain, as is whether these names have been used consistently in the literature. Although they are currently regarded as synonyms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="955816978E66B978438DF8BFB6B1CA9D" refId="B96" refString="MolluscaBase eds (2024 b) Allopeas clavulinum (Potiez & Michaud, 1838). MolluscaBase. [Accessed at] https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=875197 [on 2024-03 - 06]" url="https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=875197">MolluscaBase eds 2024 b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), their status and relationships are still not clear and may only be defined after the designation of
|
||
<typeStatus id="563483F6AECEBD1C6E243425707DA04F" type="neotype">neotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
and study of an appropriate number of populations using an integrative approach with conchological, anatomical and molecular characters. For now we consider this species according to its current concept (e. g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D0060C3A20530736775D9139A3015C81" DOI="10.4002/040.063.0112" author="Horsak" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Horsak" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Malacologia" pagination="123-130" refId="B66" refString="Horsák M, Naggs F, Backeljau T (2020) Paropeas achatinaceum (Pfeiffer, 1846) and other alien subulinine and opeatine land snails in European greenhouses (Gastropoda, Achatinidae). Malacologia 63 (1): 123–130. https://doi.org/10.4002/040.063.0112" title="Paropeas achatinaceum (Pfeiffer, 1846) and other alien subulinine and opeatine land snails in European greenhouses (Gastropoda, Achatinidae)." volume="63" year="2020">Horsák et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3094FD8E9C0BA31120EA3983165D1E43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B4C97E086AF363648D2AE2F0541A74E" baseAuthorityName="Potiez & Michaud" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Gastropoda" family="Achatinidae" genus="Allopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="clavulinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A79A3999252C8215F2798CA4EADA967" italics="true">Allopeas clavulinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been found in the tropical greenhouse of
|
||
<named-content id="89453F5553A270FE66BB03B671480C36" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museo-delle-scienze-0" xlink_title="Science Museum of Trentoe">
|
||
<collectionCode id="889739389469A5C099303791C99B9ABF" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35141" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35141" name="Museo delle Scienze" type="Museum">MUSE</collectionCode>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
, where it is the commonest and most abundant achatinid species, and in the Biodiversity Garden (Botanical Garden of Padua), where it is rather uncommon. This is the first report from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="31217007FC0EE1DCFCB9EBB04E0A53DC" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |