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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.166.2313" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9771bfcf-4c41-4034-9b13-12b5db29d5c8" ID-PMC="PMC3272635" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-166-1" ID-PubMed="22328858" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-166-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 166" ModsDocTitle="Commensal Leucothoidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Part II: sponge-dwellers" checkinTime="1451249369520" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="White, Kristine N. &amp; Reimer, James Davis" docDate="2012" docId="9B3DD9407D9B6409E4B0E4B976E51616" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 166: 1-58" docOrigin="ZooKeys 166" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.166.2313" docTitle="Leucothoe hashi White &amp; Reimer, 2012, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="D95AFFA0FFAB5A6B44536464373AFFAC" masterDocTitle="Commensal Leucothoidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Part II: sponge-dwellers" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1668153192096" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Commensal Leucothoidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Part II: sponge-dwellers</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>White, Kristine N.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Reimer, James Davis</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>166</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>58</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.166.2313</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.166.2313</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-166-1</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152033124" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:40C1B3A0-33C9-419C-A5D8-267DA462931C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9B3DD9407D9B6409E4B0E4B976E51616" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:40C1B3A0-33C9-419C-A5D8-267DA462931C" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe hashi" order="Amphipoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hashi">Leucothoe hashi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 78
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Holotype male, 2.5 mm RUMF-ZC-1747, Mizugama,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Okinawajima">Okinawa-jima</normalizedToken>
Island, Okinawa, reef wall (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="26.359722">26°21'35&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="127.73944">127°44'22&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
), in canals of yellow-beige sponge,
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Callyspongiidae" genus="Callyspongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callyspongia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Callyspongia</taxonomicName>
of
<bibRefCitation author="Duchassaing De Fondbressin, P" journalOrPublisher="Natuurkundige verhandelingen van de Hollandsche maatschappij der wetenschappen te Haarlem" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 124" title="Spongiaires de la mer Caraibe." volume="21" year="1864">Duchassaing and Michelotti 1864</bibRefCitation>
, 8-10 m, K.N. White, col., 10 April 2011 (KNWOkinawa42A). Paratype female, 2.5 mm RUMF-ZC-1748, same station data as holotype. Paratype male, 1.9 mm RUMF-ZC-1749, Kaichu Doro,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Okinawajima">Okinawa-jima</normalizedToken>
Island, Okinawa, seagrass bed (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="26.332224">26°19'56&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="127.92305">127°55'23&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
), in canals of green, hard branching sponge,?
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clathria (Thalysias) reinwardti" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="reinwardti" subGenus="Thalysias">Clathria (Thalysias) reinwardti</taxonomicName>
Vosmaer, 1880, 1 m, K.N. White, col., 21 August 2010 (KNW_21Aug10).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Mizugama,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Okinawajima">Okinawa-jima</normalizedToken>
Island, Okinawa, Japan (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="26.359722">26°21'35&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="127.73944">127°44'22&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="additional material examined">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1750, KNW21Aug10; 2 specimens, RUMF-ZC-1751, KNWOkinawa11B; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1752, KNWOkinawa12H; 1 specimen, NSMT-Cr 21882, KNWOkinawa12H; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1753, KNWOkinawa16D; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1754, KNWOkinawa21B; 1 specimen, NSMT-Cr 21883, KNWOkinawa21E; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1755, KNWOkinawa22B; 1 specimen, NSMT-Cr 21884, KNWOkinawa25C; 1 specimen, NSMT-Cr 21885, KNWOkinawa29C; 2 specimens, NSMT-Cr 21886, KNWOkinawa31B; 4 specimens, RUMF-ZC-1756, KNWOkinawa31F; 3 specimens, RUMF-ZC-1757, KNWOkinawa33E; 1 specimen, NSMT-Cr 21887, KNWOkinawa33E; 3 specimens, NSMT-Cr 21888, KNWOkinawa34G; 4 specimens, RUMF-ZC-1758, KNWOkinawa42A; 2 specimens, NSMT-Cr 21889, KNWOkinawa43A; 3 specimens, NSMT-Cr 21890, KNWOkinawa44A; 2 specimens, RUMF-ZC-1759, KNWIriomote2H; 1 specimen, NSMT-Cr 21891, KNWOkinawa51C; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1760, KNWOkinawa53A; 2 specimens, NSMT-Cr 21892, KNWOkinawa53D; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1761, KNWYaku5O; 2 specimens, RUMF-ZC-1762, KNWTokuno4C; 2 specimens, RUMF-ZC-1796, KNWYaku3J; 1 specimen, RUMF-ZC-1797, KNWYaku5I; 2 specimens, RUMF-ZC-1798, KNWOkinawa43D.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis (male)">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis (male).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Antenna 1 accessory flagellum 1-articulate. Mandibular palp article 3 shorter than article 1. Maxilla 1 palp 1-articulate. Maxilliped outer plate tuberculate. Gnathopod 1 carpus and propodus very slender, chopstick-like; carpus proximal margin with denticles; propodus palm serrate with triangular teeth. Gnathopod 2 propodus with 2 mediofacial setal rows. Pereopods 5-7 bases narrowly expanded.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description (male).</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Head. Anterior margin rounded, anterodistal margin evenly rounded; ventral cephalic keel anterior margin slightly excavate, anteroventral margin subquadrate, ventral margin straight; eyes with more than 10 ommatidia, round. Antenna 1 0.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
body length, flagellum 5-articulate, peduncle article 1 width less than 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
article 2, accessory flagellum 1-articulate. Antenna 2 0.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
body length, slightly
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="12" start="start">shorter</pageBreakToken>
than antenna 1, flagellum 5-articulate. Mandibular palp ratio of articles 1-3 1.0: 2.0: 0.4, article 2 with 2 medium distal setae, article 3 with 1 distal seta, incisors weakly dentate; left mandible with 6 raker spines, lacinia mobilis large, strongly
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="start">toothed</pageBreakToken>
; right mandible with 6 raker spines, lacinia mobilis small, strongly dentate. Upper lip asymmetrically lobate, anterior margin setose. Lower lip inner lobes fused, bare; outer lobes with moderate gape, anterior margins setose. Maxilla 1 palp 1-articulate with 4 distal setae; outer plate with 5 distal robust setae. Maxilla 2 inner plate with 5 robust distal setae and 2 robust facial setae; outer plate with 3 robust distal setae and 4 slender distal marginal setae. Maxilliped inner plates distal margin with a v-shaped indentation, with short robust setae; outer plate inner margin tuberculate, reaching 0.1
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
palp article 1, with simple marginal setae, facial setae absent; palp article 4 subequal in length with article 3, distally acute.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Pereon. Coxae 1-4 relative widths 1.0: 1.2: 1.2: 1.3. Gnathopod 1 coxa smooth, with tiny marginal setae, anterodistal margin produced, rounded, distal margin straight, posterior margin slightly excavate, facial setae absent; basis distally expanded, anterior margin bare, posterior margin with 2 short setae; ischium bare; carpus linear, distal length 15.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width, proximal margin with denticles, distal margin bare; propodus straight, palm serrate with 7 distal triangular teeth and 7 distal setae; dactylus with small proximal notch, reaching 0.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
propodus length. Gnathopod 2 coxa as long as broad, subequal in size with coxa 3, smooth, with tiny marginal setae, anterior margin expanded, anterodistally rounded, distal and posterior margins straight, facial setae absent; basis distally expanded, anterior margin with 5 medium setae, posterior margin with 1 seta; ischium with 1 posterodistal seta; carpus 0.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
propodus length, curved, distally truncate, anterior margin dentate; propodus with 2 mediofacial setal rows, primary mediofacial setal row above midline, reaching 0.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
propodus length, secondary mediofacial setal row with 2 setae, with 1 row of submarginal setae, posterior margin smooth, palm convex with 4 small denticles; dactylus curved, proximal margin smooth with 1 seta, anterior margin distally subacute, reaching 0.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
propodus length. Pereopod 3 coxa length 1.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width, anterodistal corner overriding distal face of coxa 2 and extending below it, smooth, with tiny marginal setae, anterior margin straight, distal margin slightly convex, posterior margin straight, facial setae absent. Pereopod 4 coxa smooth, with tiny marginal setae, anterior margin straight, distal margin evenly rounded, posterior margin tapered, facial setae absent. Pereopods 5-7 coxae facial setae absent; bases width length ratios 1: 1.5, 1: 1.5, 1: 1.7, posterior margins smooth, setose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Pleon. Epimera 1-2 with ventral setae, epimeron 3 bare; epimeron 3 posteroventral corner rounded. Uropods 1-3 relative lengths 1.0: 0.8: 1.2; inner and outer rami lined with short marginal setae. Uropod 1 peduncle and outer ramus 0.8
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
inner ramus length; inner ramus with 6 robust setae and outer ramus with 5 robust setae. Uropod 2 peduncle 0.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
inner ramus length, outer ramus 0.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
inner ramus length; inner ramus with 3 robust setae and outer ramus with 4 robust setae. Uropod 3 peduncle 1.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
inner ramus length, outer ramus 0.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
inner ramus length; inner ramus with 4 robust setae and outer ramus with 7 robust setae. Telson 2.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide, apex weakly tridentate, almost bidentate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Female (sexually dimorphic characters).</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Gnathopod 1 basis posterior margin with 5 short setae. Gnathopod 2 basis posterior margin with 4 medium setae; ischium
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
2 posterior and1 posterodistal seta; carpus distally tapered; propodus secondary mediofacial setal row with 4 setae.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Figure 7.
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe hashi" order="Amphipoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hashi">Leucothoe hashi</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype male, 2.5 mm, RUMF-ZC-1747; paratype female, 2.5 mm, RUMF-ZC-1748.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Figure 8.
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe hashi" order="Amphipoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hashi">Leucothoe hashi</taxonomicName>
sp. n., holotype male, 2.5 mm, RUMF-ZC-1747; paratype female, 2.5 mm, RUMF-ZC-1748; paratype male, 1.9 mm, RUMF-ZC-1749.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
After the Japanese word
<normalizedToken originalValue="hashi">'hashi'</normalizedToken>
, meaning
<normalizedToken originalValue="chopsticks">'chopsticks'</normalizedToken>
and referring to the extremely slender carpus and propodus of gnathopod 1. (Pronounced hah-shee.)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Ecology. In canals of sponges,
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Callyspongiidae" genus="Callyspongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Callyspongia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Callyspongia</taxonomicName>
sp., RUMF-ZP-2, KNWOkinawa42C (Figure 24F),?
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clathria (Thalysias) reinwardti" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="reinwardti" subGenus="Thalysias">Clathria (Thalysias) reinwardti</taxonomicName>
, RUMF-ZP-4, 21Aug10 (Figure 25F),
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tedania" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tedania</taxonomicName>
sp. (Figure 25E),
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haliclona" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Haliclona</taxonomicName>
of
<bibRefCitation pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Grant 1836</bibRefCitation>
, RUMF-ZP-3, KNWOkinawa44A (Figure 24G); and among coral rubble.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="relationships">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Relationships.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe hashi" order="Amphipoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hashi">Leucothoe hashi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is similar to
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe cheiriserra" order="Amphipoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cheiriserra">Leucothoe cheiriserra</taxonomicName>
Serejo, 1998,
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe gavialis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gavialis">Leucothoe gavialis</taxonomicName>
Myers, 1985,
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe hipposideros" order="Amphipoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hipposideros">Leucothoe hipposideros</taxonomicName>
White &amp; Thomas, 2009,
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe squalidens" order="Amphipoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squalidens">Leucothoe squalidens</taxonomicName>
Ledoyer, 1984, and
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe lecroyae" order="Amphipoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lecroyae">Leucothoe lecroyae</taxonomicName>
sp. n. in having triangular teeth on the palm of gnathopod 1 propodus. It also shares a rounded anterodistal head margin and distally truncate gnathopod 2 carpus with
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe hipposideros" order="Amphipoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hipposideros">Leucothoe hipposideros</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe squalidens" order="Amphipoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squalidens">Leucothoe squalidens</taxonomicName>
, but differs in having narrow pereopod 5-7 bases, a 1-articulate maxilla 1 palp, tuberculate maxilliped inner plate, and a 1-articulate accessory flagellum on antenna 1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe hashi" order="Amphipoda" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hashi">Leucothoe hashi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. is translucent pink in color, darkest along pereonite edges (Figure 24A). This species has been collected from only 5 islands throughout the Ryukyu Archipelago. There appears to be some minor variation among specimens in the following characters: gnathopod 1 carpus dentition, propodus palm serration; gnathopod 2 shape and setal patterns.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
East China Sea:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Iriomotejima">Iriomote-jima</normalizedToken>
Island,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Okinawajima">Okinawa-jima</normalizedToken>
Island (both Okinawa), Tokunoshima Island,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Amamioshima">Amami-oshima</normalizedToken>
Island, Yakushima Island (all Kagoshima), Japan.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>