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<mods:title id="A281682E41B3552113FE9239AC4BB093">Morphological revision of the hyperdiverse Brueelia - complex (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) with new taxa, checklists and generic key</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FF746298FDE7FF11" authority="Gustafsson &amp; Bush" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,558,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FF746298FEFCFF11" bold="true" box="[151,309,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hecatrishula</emphasis>
Gustafsson &amp; Bush
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, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FFDCFF95FDDF6298FD74FF11" box="[572,701,152,178]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FF7462E0FE61FF57" authority="Nitzsch, 1818: 291" authorityName="Nitzsch" authorityPageNumber="291" authorityYear="1818" box="[151,424,222,245]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FF7462E0FF2BFF56" box="[151,226,224,245]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Nirmus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFFDCFF95FF0B62DEFE61FF57" author="Nitzsch" box="[232,424,222,244]" page="291" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" year="1818">
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: 291
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(
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FE5562E0FDDDFF56" box="[438,532,224,245]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">in partim</emphasis>
).
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="2B9811D1FFDCFF95FF7462FDFDEDFE91" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FF7462FDFE14FEB0" authority="Neumann, 1906: 60" authorityName="Neumann" authorityPageNumber="60" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,477,253,275]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Degeeriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FF7462FDFEC6FEB0" box="[151,271,253,275]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Degeeriella</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFFDCFF95FEF762FEFE14FEB0" author="Neumann" box="[276,477,253,275]" page="60" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" year="1906">
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: 60
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(
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FE0F62FEFD80FEB0" box="[492,585,254,275]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">in partim</emphasis>
). 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FF74631CFE60FE91" authority="Keler, 1936 a: 257" authorityName="Keler" authorityPageNumber="257" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,425,284,306]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FF74631CFF27FE91" box="[151,238,284,306]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Brueelia</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFFDCFF95FF17631CFE60FE91" author="Keler" box="[244,425,284,306]" page="257" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFDCFF95FF17631CFEB3FE91" author="Keler" box="[244,378,284,306]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refString="Keler, S. von (1936) Uber einige Mallophagen aus Rossitten. Arbeiten in morphologische und taxonomische Entomologie von Berlin-Dahlem, 3, 256 - 264." type="journal article" year="1936" yearSuffix="a">Kéler, 1936a</bibRefCitation>
: 257
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(
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FE5B631DFDDCFE91" box="[440,533,285,306]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">in partim</emphasis>
).
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<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FF74633BFE63FEF3" authority="Eichler, 1944" authorityName="Eichler" authorityYear="1944" box="[151,426,314,336]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Corvonirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FF74633BFED4FEF3" box="[151,285,315,336]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Corvonirmus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFDCFF95FEC0633AFE63FEF3" author="Eichler" box="[291,426,314,336]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refString="Eichler, W. (1944) Notulae Mallophagologicae. XI. Acht neue Gattungen der Nirmi und Docophori. Stettiner entomologische Zeitung, 105, 80 - 82." type="journal article" year="1944">Eichler, 1944</bibRefCitation>
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(
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FE5A633BFDDEFEF3" box="[441,535,315,336]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">in partim</emphasis>
).
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<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFDCFF95FF746378FD55FE2D" blockId="86.[151,668,376,398]" box="[151,668,376,398]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FF746378FEEBFE2D" bold="true" box="[151,290,376,398]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Type species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FECA6378FD55FE2D" authority="Ansari, 1957 a: 161" authorityName="Ansari" authorityPageNumber="161" authorityYear="1957" box="[297,668,376,398]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atherae">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FECA6378FE1DFE2D" box="[297,468,376,398]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Brueelia atherae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFDCFF95FE386378FDA5FE2D" author="Ansari" box="[475,620,376,398]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refString="Ansari, R. A. M. (1957 a) A revision of the Bruelia (Mallophaga) species infesting the Corvidae. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 5, 143 - 182." type="journal article" year="1957" yearSuffix="a">Ansari, 1957a</bibRefCitation>
: 161
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<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFDCFF95FF7463BAFF18FCFC" blockId="86.[151,1437,442,2015]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FF7463BAFED8FE70" bold="true" box="[151,273,442,467]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FEF963BAFDC0FE70" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Ansari" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[282,521,442,467]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atherae">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FEF963BAFDC0FE70" box="[282,521,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hecatrishula atherae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FDF963BAFD71FE70" box="[538,696,442,467]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 130 – 131" captionStart-1="FIGURES 132 – 137" captionStartId-0="89.[151,264,1836,1858]" captionStartId-1="90.[151,264,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox-0="[168,1408,202,1815]" captionTargetBox-1="[184,1385,202,1892]" captionTargetId-0="figure@89.[151,1436,193,1815]" captionTargetId-1="figure@90.[169,1387,193,1916]" captionTargetPageId-0="89" captionTargetPageId-1="90" captionText-0="FIGURES 130 – 131. Hecatrishula atherae (Ansari, 1957 b) n. comb. ex Corvus corax laurencei: 130, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 131, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." captionText-1="FIGURES 132 – 137. Hecatrishula atherae (Ansari, 1957 b) n. comb. ex Corvus corax laurencei: 132, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 133, female antenna, ventral view. 134 male genitalia, dorsal view. 135, Mesosome, ventral view. 136, paramere, dorsal view. 137, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/883230/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/883232/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 130–137</figureCitation>
) species group are most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FBA863BBFB16FE71" authorityName="Eichler" authorityYear="1944" box="[1099,1247,443,466]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Corvonirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FBA863BBFB16FE71" box="[1099,1247,443,466]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Corvonirmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FB0C63BAFA59FE70" box="[1263,1424,442,467]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 319 – 320" captionStart-1="FIGURES 321 – 326" captionStartId-0="195.[151,264,1491,1513]" captionStartId-1="196.[151,264,1951,1973]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1426,235,1456]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1429,203,1918]" captionTargetId-0="figure@195.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetId-1="figure@196.[151,1436,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId-0="195" captionTargetPageId-1="196" captionText-0="FIGURES 319 – 320. Corvonirmus uncinosus (Burmeister, 1838) ex Corvus cornix cornix: 319 male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 320 female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." captionText-1="FIGURES 321 – 326. Corvonirmus uncinosus (Burmeister, 1838) ex Corvus cornix cornix: 321, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 322, female antenna, ventral view. 323, male genitalia, dorsal view. 324, male mesosome, ventral view. 325, male paramere, dorsal view. 326, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/883330/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/883332/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 319–326</figureCitation>
), and both occur on the same host species. Both groups typically have reduced tergopleurites, limited dark-brown to black pigmentation, wide, rounded head without dorsal preantennal sutures, and setose abdomens that include accessory ventral setae on at least some segments. However, the two groups are easily separated by the following characters: 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FEF5604BFEF7FDC0" box="[278,318,587,611]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">as3</emphasis>
absent in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FE4E604BFD88FDC1" authorityName="Eichler" authorityYear="1944" box="[429,577,587,610]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Corvonirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FE4E604BFD88FDC1" box="[429,577,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Corvonirmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FDB3604AFD66FDC0" box="[592,687,586,611]" captionStart="FIGURES 321 – 326" captionStartId="196.[151,264,1951,1973]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,203,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@196.[151,1436,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="196" captionText="FIGURES 321 – 326. Corvonirmus uncinosus (Burmeister, 1838) ex Corvus cornix cornix: 321, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 322, female antenna, ventral view. 323, male genitalia, dorsal view. 324, male mesosome, ventral view. 325, male paramere, dorsal view. 326, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883332/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 321</figureCitation>
) but present in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FCB8604AFC24FDC0" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[859,1005,586,611]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FCB8604AFC24FDC0" box="[859,1005,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hecatrishula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FFDCFF95FC10604AFB88FDC0" box="[1011,1089,586,611]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FC10604AFB88FDC0" bold="true" box="[1011,1089,586,611]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">n. gen.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FBAC604AFB78FDC0" box="[1103,1201,586,611]" captionStart="FIGURES 132 – 137" captionStartId="90.[151,264,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox="[184,1385,202,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@90.[169,1387,193,1916]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURES 132 – 137. Hecatrishula atherae (Ansari, 1957 b) n. comb. ex Corvus corax laurencei: 132, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 133, female antenna, ventral view. 134 male genitalia, dorsal view. 135, Mesosome, ventral view. 136, paramere, dorsal view. 137, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883232/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 132</figureCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FB26604CFB25FDC0" box="[1221,1260,588,611]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Guimaraesiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="myiophoneae" subSpecies="aps">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FB26604CFB25FDC0" box="[1221,1260,588,611]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">aps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
present in male 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FF74606FFEE2FD25" authorityName="Eichler" authorityYear="1944" box="[151,299,623,646]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Corvonirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FF74606FFEE2FD25" box="[151,299,623,646]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Corvonirmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FED9606EFE53FD24" box="[314,410,622,647]" captionStart="FIGURES 319 – 320" captionStartId="195.[151,264,1491,1513]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,235,1456]" captionTargetId="figure@195.[151,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="195" captionText="FIGURES 319 – 320. Corvonirmus uncinosus (Burmeister, 1838) ex Corvus cornix cornix: 319 male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 320 female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883330/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 319</figureCitation>
) but absent in male 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FD9C606EFCDBFD24" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[639,786,622,647]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FD9C606EFCDBFD24" box="[639,786,622,647]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hecatrishula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FCC1606EFC4DFD24" box="[802,900,622,647]" captionStart="FIGURES 130 – 131" captionStartId="89.[151,264,1836,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1408,202,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@89.[151,1436,193,1815]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURES 130 – 131. Hecatrishula atherae (Ansari, 1957 b) n. comb. ex Corvus corax laurencei: 130, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 131, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883230/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 130</figureCitation>
); female subgenital plate flares into cross-piece in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FF566093FE80FD09" authorityName="Eichler" authorityYear="1944" box="[181,329,659,682]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Corvonirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FF566093FE80FD09" box="[181,329,659,682]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Corvonirmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FEB86092FE75FD08" box="[347,444,658,683]" captionStart="FIGURES 321 – 326" captionStartId="196.[151,264,1951,1973]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,203,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@196.[151,1436,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="196" captionText="FIGURES 321 – 326. Corvonirmus uncinosus (Burmeister, 1838) ex Corvus cornix cornix: 321, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 322, female antenna, ventral view. 323, male genitalia, dorsal view. 324, male mesosome, ventral view. 325, male paramere, dorsal view. 326, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883332/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 326</figureCitation>
) but only lateral submarginal bulges present in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FC036092FBBAFD08" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[992,1139,658,683]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FC036092FBBAFD08" box="[992,1139,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hecatrishula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FB676092FB2EFD08" box="[1156,1255,658,683]" captionStart="FIGURES 132 – 137" captionStartId="90.[151,264,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox="[184,1385,202,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@90.[169,1387,193,1916]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURES 132 – 137. Hecatrishula atherae (Ansari, 1957 b) n. comb. ex Corvus corax laurencei: 132, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 133, female antenna, ventral view. 134 male genitalia, dorsal view. 135, Mesosome, ventral view. 136, paramere, dorsal view. 137, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883232/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 137</figureCitation>
); parameres are gently tapering and elongated, with blunt median extensions of the heads in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FC1B60B7FB45FD6D" authorityName="Eichler" authorityYear="1944" box="[1016,1164,695,718]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Corvonirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FC1B60B7FB45FD6D" box="[1016,1164,695,718]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Corvonirmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FB7E60B6FB36FD6C" box="[1181,1279,694,719]" captionStart="FIGURES 321 – 326" captionStartId="196.[151,264,1951,1973]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,203,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@196.[151,1436,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="196" captionText="FIGURES 321 – 326. Corvonirmus uncinosus (Burmeister, 1838) ex Corvus cornix cornix: 321, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 322, female antenna, ventral view. 323, male genitalia, dorsal view. 324, male mesosome, ventral view. 325, male paramere, dorsal view. 326, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883332/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 325</figureCitation>
), but strongly curved, and with 2–4 fingers on heads in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FD9660DAFCCEFD50" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[629,775,730,755]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FD9660DAFCCEFD50" box="[629,775,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hecatrishula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FCFA60DAFCB4FD50" box="[793,893,730,755]" captionStart="FIGURES 132 – 137" captionStartId="90.[151,264,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox="[184,1385,202,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@90.[169,1387,193,1916]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURES 132 – 137. Hecatrishula atherae (Ansari, 1957 b) n. comb. ex Corvus corax laurencei: 132, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 133, female antenna, ventral view. 134 male genitalia, dorsal view. 135, Mesosome, ventral view. 136, paramere, dorsal view. 137, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883232/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 136</figureCitation>
); 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FC7760DBFC0AFD50" box="[916,963,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">pst2</emphasis>
is sensillus located centrally near 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FAAD60DBFAB4FD50" box="[1358,1405,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
pst 
<quantity id="CC709B1AFFDCFF95FA9160DBFAB4FD50" box="[1394,1405,731,755]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="in" value="1.0">1</quantity>
</emphasis>
in 
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<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FF7460FFFEE2FCB5" box="[151,299,767,790]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Corvonirmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FED960FEFE55FCB4" box="[314,412,766,791]" captionStart="FIGURES 321 – 326" captionStartId="196.[151,264,1951,1973]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,203,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@196.[151,1436,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="196" captionText="FIGURES 321 – 326. Corvonirmus uncinosus (Burmeister, 1838) ex Corvus cornix cornix: 321, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 322, female antenna, ventral view. 323, male genitalia, dorsal view. 324, male mesosome, ventral view. 325, male paramere, dorsal view. 326, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883332/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 325</figureCitation>
), but microseta located laterally in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FCC960FEFC74FCB4" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[810,957,766,791]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FCC960FEFC74FCB4" box="[810,957,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hecatrishula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FC2F60FEFBE6FCB4" box="[972,1071,766,791]" captionStart="FIGURES 132 – 137" captionStartId="90.[151,264,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox="[184,1385,202,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@90.[169,1387,193,1916]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURES 132 – 137. Hecatrishula atherae (Ansari, 1957 b) n. comb. ex Corvus corax laurencei: 132, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 133, female antenna, ventral view. 134 male genitalia, dorsal view. 135, Mesosome, ventral view. 136, paramere, dorsal view. 137, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883232/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 136</figureCitation>
); mesosomal lobes not extended laterally in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FEF96123FE67FC99" authorityName="Eichler" authorityYear="1944" box="[282,430,803,826]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Corvonirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FEF96123FE67FC99" box="[282,430,803,826]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Corvonirmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FE5C6122FDEAFC98" box="[447,547,802,827]" captionStart="FIGURES 321 – 326" captionStartId="196.[151,264,1951,1973]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,203,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@196.[151,1436,193,1930]" captionTargetPageId="196" captionText="FIGURES 321 – 326. Corvonirmus uncinosus (Burmeister, 1838) ex Corvus cornix cornix: 321, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 322, female antenna, ventral view. 323, male genitalia, dorsal view. 324, male mesosome, ventral view. 325, male paramere, dorsal view. 326, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883332/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 324</figureCitation>
), whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FD5F6122FC86FC98" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[700,847,802,827]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FD5F6122FC86FC98" box="[700,847,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hecatrishula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mesosomal lobes are much extended laterally (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FA8C6122FF0CFCFC" captionStart="FIGURES 132 – 137" captionStartId="90.[151,264,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox="[184,1385,202,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@90.[169,1387,193,1916]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURES 132 – 137. Hecatrishula atherae (Ansari, 1957 b) n. comb. ex Corvus corax laurencei: 132, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 133, female antenna, ventral view. 134 male genitalia, dorsal view. 135, Mesosome, ventral view. 136, paramere, dorsal view. 137, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883232/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 135</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFDCFF95FF24616AFA86FB48" blockId="86.[151,1437,442,2015]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Members of the 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FE62616AFD49FC20" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Kellogg &amp; Paine" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[385,640,874,899]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biguttata">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FE62616AFD49FC20" box="[385,640,874,899]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hecatrishula biguttata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FCD2616AFC04FC20" box="[817,973,874,899]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 138 – 139" captionStart-1="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId-0="92.[151,264,1975,1997]" captionStartId-1="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox-0="[174,1405,314,1959]" captionTargetBox-1="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId-0="figure@92.[151,1436,301,1972]" captionTargetId-1="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId-0="92" captionTargetPageId-1="93" captionText-0="FIGURES 138 – 139. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 138, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 139, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." captionText-1="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/883234/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 138–145</figureCitation>
) are most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FB5B616AFAD0FC20" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[1208,1305,874,899]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FB5B616AFAD0FC20" box="[1208,1305,874,899]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FFDCFF95FAC3616BFA92FC21" box="[1312,1371,875,898]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FA89616AFF17FC04" captionStart-0="FIGURES 42 – 43" captionStart-1="FIGURES 44 – 48" captionStartId-0="42.[151,264,1975,1997]" captionStartId-1="43.[151,264,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox-0="[237,1354,295,1924]" captionTargetBox-1="[187,1298,224,1891]" captionTargetId-0="figure@42.[174,1410,279,1979]" captionTargetId-1="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId-0="42" captionTargetPageId-1="43" captionText-0="FIGURES 42 – 43. Brueelia brachythorax (Giebel, 1874) ex Bombycilla garrulus garrulus: 42, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 43, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." captionText-1="FIGURES 44 – 48. Brueelia brachythorax (Giebel, 1874) ex Bombycilla garrulus garrulous: 44, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 45, male genitalia, dorsal view. 46, male mesosome, ventral view. 47, male paramere, dorsal view. 48, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral views." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/883184/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/883186/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 42–48</figureCitation>
) in overall habitus, and like many members of 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FD1A618EFC93FC04" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[761,858,910,935]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FD1A618EFC93FC04" box="[761,858,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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, members of the 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FB87618FFB30FC04" box="[1124,1273,910,935]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="biguttata">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FB87618FFB4CFC05" box="[1124,1157,911,934]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">He</emphasis>
. 
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</taxonomicName>
species group typically have an even, brown pigmentation. These groups are distinguished by the following characters: 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FABA61B3FA49FC68" box="[1369,1408,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">as3</emphasis>
is absent in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FEE161D6FEABFC4C" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[258,354,982,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FEE161D6FEABFC4C" box="[258,354,982,1007]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FE5761D6FDC1FC4C" box="[436,520,982,1007]" captionStart="FIGURES 44 – 48" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[187,1298,224,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 44 – 48. Brueelia brachythorax (Giebel, 1874) ex Bombycilla garrulus garrulous: 44, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 45, male genitalia, dorsal view. 46, male mesosome, ventral view. 47, male paramere, dorsal view. 48, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883186/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
), but present in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FD5F61D6FC86FC4C" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[700,847,982,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FD5F61D6FC86FC4C" box="[700,847,982,1007]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hecatrishula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FCBD61D6FC76FC4C" box="[862,959,982,1007]" captionStart="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 140</figureCitation>
), and the abdomen is much more setose in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FF7461FAFEE0FBB0" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,297,1018,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FF7461FAFEE0FBB0" box="[151,297,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hecatrishula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FEDA61FAFE1CFBB0" box="[313,469,1018,1043]" captionStart="FIGURES 138 – 139" captionStartId="92.[151,264,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[174,1405,314,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@92.[151,1436,301,1972]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURES 138 – 139. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 138, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 139, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883234/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 138–139</figureCitation>
) than in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FDD961FAFD53FBB0" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[570,666,1018,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FDD961FAFD53FBB0" box="[570,666,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FD0E61FAFCBBFBB0" box="[749,882,1018,1043]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 43" captionStartId="42.[151,264,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[237,1354,295,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@42.[174,1410,279,1979]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 43. Brueelia brachythorax (Giebel, 1874) ex Bombycilla garrulus garrulus: 42, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 43, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883184/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 42–43</figureCitation>
). 
<collectingRegion id="C94CF81DFFDCFF95FC6761FBFC6FFBB1" box="[900,934,1019,1042]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">No</collectingRegion>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FC4D61FAFBC6FBB0" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[942,1039,1018,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FC4D61FAFBC6FBB0" box="[942,1039,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FFDCFF95FBF461FBFB9BFBB1" box="[1047,1106,1019,1042]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
have accessory sternal setae, but these are present in all 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FE25661EFD91FB94" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[454,600,1054,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FE25661EFD91FB94" box="[454,600,1054,1079]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hecatrishula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FD84661FFD19FB95" box="[615,720,1055,1078]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
psps, 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FD4B661FFD02FB95" box="[680,715,1055,1078]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="brachythorax" subSpecies="tps">tps</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FCE4661FFCD4FB95" box="[775,797,1055,1078]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
are absent in anterior abdominal segments of both sexes in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FF576642FEDCFBF8" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[180,277,1090,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FF576642FEDCFBF8" box="[180,277,1090,1115]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FFDCFF95FEFF6643FE92FBF9" box="[284,347,1091,1114]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, but present in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FDE96642FD55FBF8" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[522,668,1090,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FDE96642FD55FBF8" box="[522,668,1090,1115]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hecatrishula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see 
<tableCitation id="460A0344FFDCFF95FD3A6642FCE6FBF8" box="[729,815,1090,1115]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="30.[151,239,796,819]" captionText="TABLE 2. Summary of abdominal chaetotaxy of segments II – VIII for the Brueelia - complex, including both genera and subgenera. In genera where chaetotaxy differs between species group (marked with *), only that of the type species is given here, and more detailed accounts are given separately under the respective genus entries and in Tables 3 – 12. Trichoid setae of segment VIII are present in all genera, and are not listed. Abbreviations: ps = paratergal seta; aps = accessory post-spiracular seta; psps = principal post-spiracular seta; tps = tergal posterior seta; ss = sutural seta; sts = sternal seta." pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Table 2</tableCitation>
). The male genitalia of these two genera are also quite distinct: parameral heads blunt or cup-shaped in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FD256666FCEEFBDC" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[710,807,1126,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FD256666FCEEFBDC" box="[710,807,1126,1151]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FFDCFF95FCCC6667FCA5FBDD" box="[815,876,1127,1150]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FC9E6666FC19FBDC" box="[893,976,1126,1151]" captionStart="FIGURES 44 – 48" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[187,1298,224,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 44 – 48. Brueelia brachythorax (Giebel, 1874) ex Bombycilla garrulus garrulous: 44, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 45, male genitalia, dorsal view. 46, male mesosome, ventral view. 47, male paramere, dorsal view. 48, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883186/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
) but polyfid in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FB646666FAD3FBDC" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[1159,1306,1126,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FB646666FAD3FBDC" box="[1159,1306,1126,1151]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hecatrishula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FAC96666FA47FBDC" box="[1322,1422,1126,1151]" captionStart="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 144</figureCitation>
); mesosomal lobes do not extend into lateral wings in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FD17668AFC9CFB00" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[756,853,1162,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FD17668AFC9CFB00" box="[756,853,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FFDCFF95FCBE668BFC53FB01" box="[861,922,1163,1186]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FC48668AFBC9FB00" box="[939,1024,1162,1187]" captionStart="FIGURES 44 – 48" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[187,1298,224,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 44 – 48. Brueelia brachythorax (Giebel, 1874) ex Bombycilla garrulus garrulous: 44, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 45, male genitalia, dorsal view. 46, male mesosome, ventral view. 47, male paramere, dorsal view. 48, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883186/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
), but do in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FB64668AFAD0FB00" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[1159,1305,1162,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FB64668AFAD0FB00" box="[1159,1305,1162,1187]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hecatrishula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FAC8668AFA46FB00" box="[1323,1423,1162,1187]" captionStart="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 143</figureCitation>
); gonopore is terminal in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FE4166AEFDCBFB64" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[418,514,1198,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FE4166AEFDCBFB64" box="[418,514,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FFDCFF95FDEA66AFFD8DFB65" box="[521,580,1199,1222]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FDB066AEFD6DFB64" box="[595,676,1198,1223]" captionStart="FIGURES 44 – 48" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[187,1298,224,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 44 – 48. Brueelia brachythorax (Giebel, 1874) ex Bombycilla garrulus garrulous: 44, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 45, male genitalia, dorsal view. 46, male mesosome, ventral view. 47, male paramere, dorsal view. 48, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883186/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
) but ventral in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FCAC66AEFC28FB64" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[847,993,1198,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FCAC66AEFC28FB64" box="[847,993,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hecatrishula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FC1266AEFB9AFB64" box="[1009,1107,1198,1223]" captionStart="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 143</figureCitation>
). The female subgenital plate flares into cross-piece in all 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FE3066D2FDFDFB48" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[467,564,1234,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FE3066D2FDFDFB48" box="[467,564,1234,1259]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FFDCFF95FDD866D3FDBFFB49" box="[571,630,1235,1258]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FD6766D2FD11FB48" box="[644,728,1234,1259]" captionStart="FIGURES 44 – 48" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[187,1298,224,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[151,1436,193,1908]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 44 – 48. Brueelia brachythorax (Giebel, 1874) ex Bombycilla garrulus garrulous: 44, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 45, male genitalia, dorsal view. 46, male mesosome, ventral view. 47, male paramere, dorsal view. 48, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883186/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
), but form only lateral submarginal bulges in (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FB0366D2FA8AFB48" box="[1248,1347,1234,1259]" captionStart="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 145</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43926574FFDCFF94FF2466F6FB20FC4F" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFDCFF95FF2466F6FB18FA44" blockId="86.[151,1437,442,2015]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FF2466F6FE39FAAD" bold="true" box="[199,496,1270,1295]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Description. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FE8966F6FE39FAAD" bold="true" box="[362,496,1270,1295]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Both sexes</emphasis>
</emphasis>
. Head convex- to indented-dome shaped (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FBEF66F6FBB5FAAC" box="[1036,1148,1270,1295]" captionStart="FIGURES 132 – 137" captionStartId="90.[151,264,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox="[184,1385,202,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@90.[169,1387,193,1916]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURES 132 – 137. Hecatrishula atherae (Ansari, 1957 b) n. comb. ex Corvus corax laurencei: 132, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 133, female antenna, ventral view. 134 male genitalia, dorsal view. 135, Mesosome, ventral view. 136, paramere, dorsal view. 137, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883232/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 132</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FB7066F7FB08FAAC" box="[1171,1217,1271,1295]" captionStart="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">140</figureCitation>
). Marginal carina uninterrupted, displaced dorsally and posteriorly at osculum. Dorsal preantennal suture, dorsal anterior plate, and ventral anterior plate absent. Ventral carinae diffuse anteriorly, not clearly continuous with marginal carina. Head setae as in 
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FEFF6762FE4AFAD8" box="[284,387,1378,1403]" captionStart="FIGURES 132 – 137" captionStartId="90.[151,264,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox="[184,1385,202,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@90.[169,1387,193,1916]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURES 132 – 137. Hecatrishula atherae (Ansari, 1957 b) n. comb. ex Corvus corax laurencei: 132, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 133, female antenna, ventral view. 134 male genitalia, dorsal view. 135, Mesosome, ventral view. 136, paramere, dorsal view. 137, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883232/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 132</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FE716763FE76FAD8" box="[402,447,1379,1403]" captionStart="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">140</figureCitation>
; 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FE2C6764FE39FAD8" box="[463,496,1380,1403]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">pts</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FDCE6763FDABFAD8" box="[557,610,1379,1403]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">s1–4</emphasis>
all with visible microsetae. Preantennal nodi with “hollow” interior 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FA656762FE43FA3C" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="atherae">
in 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FF746786FE43FA3C" box="[151,394,1414,1439]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hecatrishula atherae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group. Coni small, blunt. Antennae sexually dimorphic, male scapes larger than female scapes; pedicel and flagellomeres largely the same between sexes. Temporal carinae not visible; 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FACE67ABFAAAFA60" box="[1325,1379,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FACE67ABFA9DFA60" box="[1325,1364,1451,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Titanomessor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mts">mts</taxonomicName>
3
</emphasis>
only macrosetae. Gular plate broad, triangular. Pigmentation patterns of head variable among species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFDCFF95FF2467F2FCD4F91C" blockId="86.[151,1437,442,2015]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Prothorax rectangular (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FE3667F2FDB1F9A8" box="[469,632,1522,1547]" captionStart="FIGURES 130 – 131" captionStartId="89.[151,264,1836,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1408,202,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@89.[151,1436,193,1815]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURES 130 – 131. Hecatrishula atherae (Ansari, 1957 b) n. comb. ex Corvus corax laurencei: 130, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 131, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883230/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 130–131</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FD6967F3FD39F9A8" box="[650,752,1523,1547]" captionStart="FIGURES 138 – 139" captionStartId="92.[151,264,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[174,1405,314,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@92.[151,1436,301,1972]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURES 138 – 139. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 138, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 139, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883234/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">138–139</figureCitation>
); 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FCE967F4FCF2F9A8" box="[778,827,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">ppss</emphasis>
on postero-lateral corner 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FB9667F2FA52F9A8" box="[1141,1435,1522,1547]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="biguttata">
in 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FB7467F2FA52F9A8" box="[1175,1435,1522,1547]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hecatrishula biguttata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group, more median 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FE166416FD6FF98C" box="[501,678,1558,1583]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="atherae">
in 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FDF96417FDF2F98D" box="[538,571,1559,1582]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">He</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FDB26416FD6FF98C" box="[593,678,1558,1583]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">atherae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group. Proepimera slender, median ends hook-shaped. Pterothorax short, pentagonal (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FDEB643AFD64F9F0" box="[520,685,1594,1619]" captionStart="FIGURES 130 – 131" captionStartId="89.[151,264,1836,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1408,202,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@89.[151,1436,193,1815]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURES 130 – 131. Hecatrishula atherae (Ansari, 1957 b) n. comb. ex Corvus corax laurencei: 130, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 131, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883230/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 130–131</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FD23643BFCEFF9F0" box="[704,806,1595,1619]" captionStart="FIGURES 138 – 139" captionStartId="92.[151,264,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[174,1405,314,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@92.[151,1436,301,1972]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURES 138 – 139. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 138, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 139, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883234/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">138–139</figureCitation>
); lateral margins widely divergent; posterior margin convergent to median point. Meso- and metasterna not fused; 1 seta on postero-lateral corner on each side of each plate. Metepisterna slender to broad, median ends widened, blunt. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FC6F6484FC76F938" box="[908,959,1668,1691]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">mms</emphasis>
not or only narrowly separated medianly. Leg chaetotaxy as in Fig, 25, except 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FDD164A7FD0EF91C" box="[562,711,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">fI-p2–4, fI-v4</emphasis>
absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFDCFF94FF2464CAFB96FEBF" blockId="86.[151,1437,442,2015]" lastBlockId="87.[151,1437,151,1581]" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Abdomen oval (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FE9C64CAFDD6F940" box="[383,543,1738,1763]" captionStart="FIGURES 130 – 131" captionStartId="89.[151,264,1836,1858]" captionTargetBox="[168,1408,202,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@89.[151,1436,193,1815]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURES 130 – 131. Hecatrishula atherae (Ansari, 1957 b) n. comb. ex Corvus corax laurencei: 130, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 131, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883230/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 130–131</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FDCF64CBFD5BF940" box="[556,658,1739,1763]" captionStart="FIGURES 138 – 139" captionStartId="92.[151,264,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[174,1405,314,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@92.[151,1436,301,1972]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURES 138 – 139. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 138, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 139, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883234/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">138–139</figureCitation>
). Abdominal chaetotaxy as in 
<tableCitation id="460A0344FFDCFF95FC1364CAFB8EF940" box="[1008,1095,1738,1763]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="30.[151,239,796,819]" captionText="TABLE 2. Summary of abdominal chaetotaxy of segments II – VIII for the Brueelia - complex, including both genera and subgenera. In genera where chaetotaxy differs between species group (marked with *), only that of the type species is given here, and more detailed accounts are given separately under the respective genus entries and in Tables 3 – 12. Trichoid setae of segment VIII are present in all genera, and are not listed. Abbreviations: ps = paratergal seta; aps = accessory post-spiracular seta; psps = principal post-spiracular seta; tps = tergal posterior seta; ss = sutural seta; sts = sternal seta." pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Table 2</tableCitation>
. Both sexes with at last some accessory sternal setae situated between central sternal plate and abdominal margin in all or most segments. Tergopleurites bluntly triangular; tergopleurites II–IX+X in male, and tergopleurites II–VIII in female separated medianly; 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FEF06536FDE9F8EC" baseAuthorityName="S. G. Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[275,544,1846,1871]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pyrrhocorax" subSpecies="docilis">
in 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FED56536FDE9F8EC" box="[310,544,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Hecatrishula docilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(not illustrated) tergopleurites V–VII in male and tergopleurites VI–VII in female medianly continuous, connected by narrow postero-median bridge; 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FC12655AFB6CF8D0" box="[1009,1189,1882,1907]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="biguttata">
in 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FBEC655CFBF9F8D0" box="[1039,1072,1884,1907]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">He</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FBA3655AFB6CF8D0" box="[1088,1189,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">biguttata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDCFF95FB55655AFA9DF8D0" box="[1206,1364,1882,1907]" captionStart="FIGURES 138 – 139" captionStartId="92.[151,264,1975,1997]" captionTargetBox="[174,1405,314,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@92.[151,1436,301,1972]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURES 138 – 139. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 138, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 139, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883234/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figs 138–139</figureCitation>
) male tergopleurites IX+X and female tergopleurites VIII medianly continuous; 1–2 fenestrae on tergopleurites II–VIII in both sexes of 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FEDA65A4FE09F818" box="[313,448,1954,1979]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="atherae">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FEDA65A4FE93F818" box="[313,346,1956,1979]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">He</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FE8865A2FE09F818" box="[363,448,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">atherae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group, none 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDCFF95FD5565A2FCA5F818" box="[694,876,1954,1979]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="biguttata">
in 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FD3665A4FD3FF818" box="[725,758,1956,1979]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">He</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDCFF95FCE465A2FCA5F818" box="[775,876,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">biguttata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group. Tergopleurites not or only barely reaching lateral margins of abdomen. Pleural incrassations and re-entrant heads absent. Sternal plates rectangular, transversally continuous, not approaching lateral margins of abdomen. 
<collectingRegion id="C94CF81DFFDDFF94FC026297FBD2FF13" box="[993,1051,151,176]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Male</collectingRegion>
subgenital plate triangular, with narrow point reaching posterior margin of abdomen. Female subgenital plate triangular, reaching or approaching vulval margin, with lateral submarginal bulges but no cross-piece. Vulval margin (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDDFF94FBCC62DFFB5AFF5B" box="[1071,1171,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 132 – 137" captionStartId="90.[151,264,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox="[184,1385,202,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@90.[169,1387,193,1916]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURES 132 – 137. Hecatrishula atherae (Ansari, 1957 b) n. comb. ex Corvus corax laurencei: 132, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 133, female antenna, ventral view. 134 male genitalia, dorsal view. 135, Mesosome, ventral view. 136, paramere, dorsal view. 137, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883232/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Figs 137</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDDFF94FB7C62DFFB03FF5B" box="[1183,1226,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">145</figureCitation>
) with slender 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FA8A62E1FA5CFF5B" box="[1385,1429,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">vms</emphasis>
, thorn-like 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FEEF6305FEE7FEBF" box="[268,302,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">vss</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FEDE6305FEABFEBF" box="[317,354,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">vos</emphasis>
follows lateral margins of subgenital plate; distal 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FC776305FC70FEBF" box="[916,953,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">vos</emphasis>
median to 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FBD56305FB91FEBF" box="[1078,1112,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">vss</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFDDFF94FF246327FD15FD26" blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectingRegion id="C94CF81DFFDDFF94FF246327FEC8FEE3" box="[199,257,295,320]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Male</collectingRegion>
genitalia distinct (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDDFF94FE3F6327FDB4FEE3" box="[476,637,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 132 – 137" captionStartId="90.[151,264,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox="[184,1385,202,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@90.[169,1387,193,1916]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURES 132 – 137. Hecatrishula atherae (Ansari, 1957 b) n. comb. ex Corvus corax laurencei: 132, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 133, female antenna, ventral view. 134 male genitalia, dorsal view. 135, Mesosome, ventral view. 136, paramere, dorsal view. 137, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883232/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Figs 134–136</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDDFF94FD6E6328FD3AFEE3" box="[653,755,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">142–144</figureCitation>
). Basal apodeme roughly rectangular. Proximal mesosome small, with prominent U or V-shaped ventral thickening. Gonopore (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDDFF94FC24634CFBF8FEC6" box="[967,1073,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 132 – 137" captionStartId="90.[151,264,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox="[184,1385,202,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@90.[169,1387,193,1916]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURES 132 – 137. Hecatrishula atherae (Ansari, 1957 b) n. comb. ex Corvus corax laurencei: 132, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 133, female antenna, ventral view. 134 male genitalia, dorsal view. 135, Mesosome, ventral view. 136, paramere, dorsal view. 137, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883232/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Figs 135</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDDFF94FBA1634CFBA4FEC7" box="[1090,1133,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">143</figureCitation>
) subterminal and ventral, narrowly open distally, often projecting far distal to mesosomal lobes. Mesosomal lobes large, extending laterally to overlap with parameral heads. Lobes may be fused dorsal to mesosomal opening (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDDFF94FB846394FB02FE0E" box="[1127,1227,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 132 – 137" captionStartId="90.[151,264,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox="[184,1385,202,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@90.[169,1387,193,1916]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURES 132 – 137. Hecatrishula atherae (Ansari, 1957 b) n. comb. ex Corvus corax laurencei: 132, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 133, female antenna, ventral view. 134 male genitalia, dorsal view. 135, Mesosome, ventral view. 136, paramere, dorsal view. 137, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883232/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 135</figureCitation>
). Distal margin of lobes papillate or fringed on ventral side (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDDFF94FD8463B7FD74FE73" box="[615,701,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 92 – 97" captionStartId="69.[151,264,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[221,1370,200,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[182,1404,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURES 92 – 97. Mirandofures kamena n. gen. &amp; n. sp. ex Erythrura trichroa sigillifer: 92, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 93, female antenna, ventral view. 94, male genitalia, ventral view. 95, male mesosome, ventral view. 96, male paramere, dorsal view. 97, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view. Abbreviation: MCP, marginal carinal plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883212/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Figs 95</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDDFF94FD2A63B8FD3FFE73" box="[713,758,440,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">143</figureCitation>
); 2–3 robust 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FC6463B9FC08FE73" box="[903,961,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">pmes</emphasis>
on each side submedianly on distal part of mesosome, often hard to see due to papillation of mesosome. Small rugose nodi may be present near gonopore. Parameral heads with 2–4 fingers (Fig, 136, 144). Dorsal finger often appears to be separate sclerite, but connected to paramere through largely translucent neck. Parameral blades stout, heavily curved around the mesosome (
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDDFF94FA896024FF0AFDC3" captionStart="FIGURES 132 – 137" captionStartId="90.[151,264,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox="[184,1385,202,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@90.[169,1387,193,1916]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURES 132 – 137. Hecatrishula atherae (Ansari, 1957 b) n. comb. ex Corvus corax laurencei: 132, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 133, female antenna, ventral view. 134 male genitalia, dorsal view. 135, Mesosome, ventral view. 136, paramere, dorsal view. 137, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883232/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Figs 136</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDDFF94FF326048FF37FDC3" box="[209,254,584,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">144</figureCitation>
), and not much elongated distally; 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FD746048FD0FFDC3" box="[663,710,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">pst1</emphasis>
sensillus, near distal tip, often very hard to see 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FB156047FA52FDC3" box="[1270,1435,583,608]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="atherae">
in 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FAF66049FAFFFDC3" box="[1301,1334,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">He</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FAA56047FA52FDC3" box="[1350,1435,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">atherae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group; 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FEDC606CFEA7FD27" box="[319,366,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">pst2</emphasis>
microseta, lateral near distal tip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFDDFF94FF24608FFC31FC94" blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF24608FFEB7FD0B" bold="true" box="[199,382,655,680]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Species groups.</emphasis>
Based on preantennal and abdominal characters, we recognise two species groups, as follows: 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF7460B4FD80FD6E" bold="true" box="[151,585,692,717]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FF7460B4FE5CFD6E" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Ansari" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[151,405,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atherae">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF7460B4FE5CFD6E" bold="true" box="[151,405,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Hecatrishula atherae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDDFF94FD8160B4FCC2FD6F" box="[610,779,692,717]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 130 – 131" captionStart-1="FIGURES 132 – 137" captionStartId-0="89.[151,264,1836,1858]" captionStartId-1="90.[151,264,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox-0="[168,1408,202,1815]" captionTargetBox-1="[184,1385,202,1892]" captionTargetId-0="figure@89.[151,1436,193,1815]" captionTargetId-1="figure@90.[169,1387,193,1916]" captionTargetPageId-0="89" captionTargetPageId-1="90" captionText-0="FIGURES 130 – 131. Hecatrishula atherae (Ansari, 1957 b) n. comb. ex Corvus corax laurencei: 130, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 131, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." captionText-1="FIGURES 132 – 137. Hecatrishula atherae (Ansari, 1957 b) n. comb. ex Corvus corax laurencei: 132, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 133, female antenna, ventral view. 134 male genitalia, dorsal view. 135, Mesosome, ventral view. 136, paramere, dorsal view. 137, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/883230/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/883232/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Figs 130–137</figureCitation>
). Head indented-dome shaped. Ventral carinae broad, diffusely continuous with marginal carina. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FD6060D9FD7CFD53" box="[643,693,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">ppss</emphasis>
on posterior margin of pronotum. Tergopleurites II–VIII of both sexes typically each with 1–2 fenestrae. Tergopleurites IX+X in male and tergopleurites VIII in female not connected medianly. Ex 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FE496121FE14FC9B" box="[426,477,801,824]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FE496121FE14FC9B" box="[426,477,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Pica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FDC36120FCFDFC9B" authorityName="Gould" authorityYear="1849" box="[544,820,799,824]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Nucifraga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multipunctata">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FDC36120FCFDFC9B" box="[544,820,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Nucifraga multipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FC926120FC0BFC94" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[881,962,800,823]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FC926120FC0BFC94" box="[881,962,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Corvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFDDFF94FF246144FB20FC4F" blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF246144FDB5FCFE" bold="true" box="[199,636,836,861]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FF246144FE07FCFE" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Kellogg &amp; Paine" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[199,462,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biguttata">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF246144FE07FCFE" bold="true" box="[199,462,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Hecatrishula biguttata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="93B32A7AFFDDFF94FD6D6144FCF9FCFE" box="[654,816,836,861]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 138 – 139" captionStart-1="FIGURES 140 – 145" captionStartId-0="92.[151,264,1975,1997]" captionStartId-1="93.[151,264,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox-0="[174,1405,314,1959]" captionTargetBox-1="[205,1356,255,1886]" captionTargetId-0="figure@92.[151,1436,301,1972]" captionTargetId-1="figure@93.[185,1376,229,1914]" captionTargetPageId-0="92" captionTargetPageId-1="93" captionText-0="FIGURES 138 – 139. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 138, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 139, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." captionText-1="FIGURES 140 – 145. Hecatrishula biguttata (Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914) n. comb. ex Pyrrhocorax graculus graculus: 140, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 141, female antenna, ventral view. 142, male genitalia, dorsal view. 143, mesosome, ventral view. 144, paramere, dorsal view. 145, female subgenital plate and vulval margin, ventral view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/883234/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/883236/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Figs 138–145</figureCitation>
). Head convex-dome shaped. Ventral carinae slender, not visible anterior to pulvinus, thus not clearly continuous with marginal carina. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FBC46169FB90FC23" box="[1063,1113,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">ppss</emphasis>
on postero-lateral corners of pronotum. Tergopleurites II–VIII of both sexes usually without fenestrae, or with only one small fenestra around spiracle openings. Tergopleurites IX+X in male and tergopleurites VIII in female medianly continuous; more anterior tergopleurites may be connected by narrow bridge. Ex 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FCB861D4FC23FC4E" box="[859,1002,980,1005]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FCB861D4FC23FC4E" box="[859,1002,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Pyrrhocorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. and 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FBB661D4FB7DFC4E" box="[1109,1204,980,1005]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Podoces" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FBB661D4FB7DFC4E" box="[1109,1204,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Podoces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43926574FFDDFF94FF2461F7FBDEFB4A" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFDDFF94FF2461F7FBF5FBFB" blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF2461F7FE52FBB3" bold="true" box="[199,411,1015,1040]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectingRegion id="C94CF81DFFDDFF94FF2461F7FF36FBB3" box="[199,255,1015,1040]" country="Afghanistan" name="Khost" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Host</collectingRegion>
distribution.
</emphasis>
Known only from the 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FD7E61F7FCCFFBB3" authorityName="Vigors" authorityYear="1825" box="[669,774,1015,1040]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Corvidae</taxonomicName>
, where they are patchily distributed on 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FB2761F9FB3EFBB3" box="[1220,1271,1017,1040]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FB2761F9FB3EFBB3" box="[1220,1271,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Pica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FAE561F7FEB7FB97" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FAE561F7FA5EFBB3" box="[1286,1431,1015,1040]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pyrrhocorax</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FF74661CFF30FB96" box="[151,249,1052,1077]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Podoces" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Podoces</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FEE6661CFEB3FB97" box="[261,378,1052,1076]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Nucifraga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nucifraga</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and large species of 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FD92661DFD0BFB97" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[625,706,1053,1076]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FD92661DFD0BFB97" box="[625,706,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Corvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FD32661CFBD0FB96" box="[721,1049,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamatofasciata">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FD32661CFBD0FB96" box="[721,1049,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Hecatrishula hamatofasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from a member of the 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FF23663FFE83FBFB" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[192,330,1087,1112]" class="Aves" family="Bucerotidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bucerotiformes" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Bucerotidae</taxonomicName>
, but this is likely to be a straggler, a contaminant, or a host mix-up.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFDDFF94FF246664FBDEFB4A" blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF246664FE77FBDE" bold="true" box="[199,446,1124,1149]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Geographical range.</emphasis>
Widely distributed across Africa, Eurasia, and North America. There appears to be a concentration of species in the mountains and highlands of Central Asia, where most of the hosts of 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FAE96687FA55FB03" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[1290,1436,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FAE96687FA55FB03" box="[1290,1436,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Hecatrishula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur. The lack of any known 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FE1066ACFD4FFB66" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[499,646,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FE1066ACFD4FFB66" box="[499,646,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Hecatrishula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on other species of 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FC8E66ACFC16FB67" box="[877,991,1196,1220]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Nucifraga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FC8E66ACFC16FB67" box="[877,991,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Nucifraga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and on most 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FB9866ADFB05FB67" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1147,1228,1197,1220]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FB9866ADFB05FB67" box="[1147,1228,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Corvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. may indicate that the genus is rare or only patchily distributed across the potential host range.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43926574FFDDFF94FF2466F4FD09FAF6" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFDDFF94FF2466F4FD09FAF6" blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF2466F4FE87FAAE" bold="true" box="[199,334,1268,1293]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Etymology.</emphasis>
The genus name is derived from the Greek goddess 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FC4666F4FC3DFAAE" authorityName="Linnavuori" authorityYear="1994" box="[933,1012,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Hekate" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FC4666F4FC3DFAAE" box="[933,1012,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Hekátē</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, who is often depicted holding a pair of torches, and the Hindu trident 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FDF56717FDA4FA93" box="[534,621,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">trishula</emphasis>
. Both these words refer to the shape of the mesosome, specifically the shape of the mesosomal lobes. Gender: feminine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43926574FFDDFF94FF24675FFEA5F93B" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFDDFF94FF24675FFCA4F98E" blockId="87.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF24675FFEF2FADB" bold="true" box="[199,315,1375,1400]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Remarks.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="C94CF81DFFDDFF94FEA26761FEAAFADB" box="[321,355,1377,1400]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">No</collectingRegion>
member of 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FE0A675FFDB2FADB" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[489,635,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FE0A675FFDB2FADB" box="[489,635,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Hecatrishula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was included in the phylogeny of Bush 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FBDA6761FBA1FADB" box="[1081,1128,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">et al</emphasis>
. (2016) and, because of the unique structure of the male genitalia, this genus is difficult to place within the 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FBED6784FBA7FA3E" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[1038,1134,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FBED6784FBA7FA3E" box="[1038,1134,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-complex. Some species of 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FF7467A7FEE0FA63" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,297,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF7467A7FEE0FA63" box="[151,297,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Hecatrishula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were included in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FDF867A8FD66FA1C" authorityName="Eichler" authorityYear="1944" box="[539,687,1448,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Corvonirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FDF867A8FD66FA1C" box="[539,687,1448,1471]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Corvonirmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFDDFF94FD0D67A7FC1EFA63" author="Zlotorzycka" box="[750,983,1447,1472]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Zlotorzycka, J. (1964 a) Mallophaga parasitising Passeriformes and Pici. II. Brueeliinae. Acta Parasitologica Polonica, 12, 239 - 282." type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">Złotorzycka (1964a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFDDFF94FC0E67A8FBE0FA63" author="Zlotorzycka" box="[1005,1065,1448,1472]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Zlotorzycka, J. (1997) Lice (Mallophaga). Specific part Goniodidae and Philopteridae. Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis No. 1989. Wroclaw Scientific Printing, Wroclaw. 308 pp." type="book" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
), likely due to similarities in pigmentation patterns rather than structural characters. The illustrations of the male genitalia of 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FB2A67CDFAA5FA47" authorityName="Zlotorzycka" authorityYear="1964" box="[1225,1388,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Corvonirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforatus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FB2A67CDFB23FA47" box="[1225,1258,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Co</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FB1467CCFAA5FA47" box="[1271,1388,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">perforatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FF7467F0FEC2F9AB" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,267,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Corvonirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varius">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF7467F0FF71F9A4" box="[151,184,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Co</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF2667F1FEC2F9AB" box="[197,267,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">varius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFDDFF94FED567EFFDDFF9AB" author="Zlotorzycka" box="[310,534,1519,1544]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Zlotorzycka, J. (1964 a) Mallophaga parasitising Passeriformes and Pici. II. Brueeliinae. Acta Parasitologica Polonica, 12, 239 - 282." type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">Złotorzycka (1964a</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1d,e) are overly simplified, with the genitalia of 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FB8D67F0FAD8F9AB" authorityName="Zlotorzycka" authorityYear="1964" box="[1134,1297,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Corvonirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforatus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FB8D67F0FB46F9A4" box="[1134,1167,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Co</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FB7F67F0FAD8F9AB" box="[1180,1297,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">perforatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
drawn from everted and folded genitalia, which makes comparisons difficult.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFDDFF94FF74645CFE98F9D6" blockId="87.[151,1017,1628,2013]" box="[151,337,1628,1653]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Included species</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFDDFF94FF746480FEA5F93B" blockId="87.[151,1017,1628,2013]" box="[151,364,1663,1688]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FF746480FED7F93B" box="[151,286,1663,1688]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="atherae">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF746480FF70F934" bold="true" box="[151,185,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">He</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF24647FFED7F93B" bold="true" box="[199,286,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">atherae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FEC6647FFEA5F93B" bold="true" box="[293,364,1663,1688]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">group</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43926574FFDDFF9BFF7464A4FC5AFEBF" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFDDFF94FF7464A4FC52F91E" blockId="87.[151,1017,1628,2013]" box="[151,923,1700,1725]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2B9811D1FFDDFF94FF7464A4FC52F91E" box="[151,923,1700,1725]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF7464A4FC52F91E" bold="true" box="[151,923,1700,1725]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF7464A4FF6BF91E" bold="true" box="[151,162,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">*</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FF4164A4FD5BF91E" authority="(Ansari, 1957 a: 161)" authorityName="Bush" authorityPageNumber="161" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Ansari" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[162,658,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atherae" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF4164A4FE53F91E" bold="true" box="[162,410,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Hecatrishula atherae</emphasis>
(
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFFDDFF94FE4B64A4FD43F91E" author="Ansari" box="[424,650,1700,1725]" page="161" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1957">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFDDFF94FE4B64A4FD43F91E" author="Ansari" box="[424,650,1700,1725]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Ansari, R. A. M. (1957 a) A revision of the Bruelia (Mallophaga) species infesting the Corvidae. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 5, 143 - 182." type="journal article" year="1957" yearSuffix="a">Ansari, 1957a: 161</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FFDDFF94FD7A64A4FD36F91E" box="[665,767,1700,1725]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
[in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FCCD64A4FC5BF91E" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[814,914,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FCCD64A4FC5BF91E" bold="true" box="[814,914,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFDDFF94FF7464C7FCA9F8A6" blockId="87.[151,1017,1628,2013]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2B9811D1FFDDFF94FF7464C7FCA9F8A6" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF7464C7FF6BF943" box="[151,162,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">*</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FF4164C7FD45F943" authority="(Piaget, 1880: 666)" authorityName="Bush" authorityPageNumber="666" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Piaget" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[162,652,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biocellata" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF4164C7FE67F943" box="[162,430,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Hecatrishula biocellata</emphasis>
(
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFFDDFF94FE5E64C7FD4CF943" author="Piaget" box="[445,645,1735,1760]" page="666" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1880">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFDDFF94FE5E64C7FD4CF943" author="Piaget" box="[445,645,1735,1760]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Piaget, E. (1880) Les Pediculines. Essai Monographique. Two volumes. E. J. Brill, Leide. xxxix + 714 pp., 56 pls." type="book" year="1880">Piaget, 1880: 666</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FFDDFF94FD7064C7FD30F943" box="[659,761,1735,1760]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FD7064C7FD30F943" bold="true" box="[659,761,1735,1760]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
[in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FCC564C9FCB1F943" authorityName="Nitzsch" authorityYear="1818" box="[806,888,1737,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FCC564C9FCB1F943" box="[806,888,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Nirmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FC6A64C7FC63F943" bold="true" box="[905,938,1735,1760]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">[1]</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FF2464EDFD5AF8A7" authority="(Carriker, 1902: 219)" authorityPageNumber="219" baseAuthorityName="Carriker" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[199,659,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigropictus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF2464EDFE57F8A7" box="[199,414,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Nirmus nigropictus</emphasis>
(
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFFDDFF94FE4E64ECFD42F8A7" author="Carriker" box="[429,651,1772,1797]" page="219" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1902">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFDDFF94FE4E64ECFD42F8A7" author="Carriker" box="[429,651,1772,1797]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Carriker, M. A., Jr. (1902) Descriptions of new Mallophaga from Nebraska. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 10, 216 - 229." type="journal article" year="1902">Carriker, 1902: 219</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
[in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FD2364EDFCDAF8A7" authorityName="Nitzsch" authorityYear="1818" box="[704,787,1773,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FD2364EDFCDAF8A7" box="[704,787,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Nirmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FCC064ECFCA9F8A6" bold="true" box="[803,864,1772,1797]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">[1, 2]</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFDDFF94FF74650FFC73F88B" blockId="87.[151,1017,1628,2013]" box="[151,954,1807,1832]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2B9811D1FFDDFF94FF74650FFC73F88B" box="[151,954,1807,1832]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF74650FFF6BF88B" box="[151,162,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">*</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FF41650FFD54F88B" authority="(Rudow, 1870: 467)" authorityName="Bush" authorityPageNumber="467" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Rudow" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[162,669,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF41650FFE7FF88B" box="[162,438,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Hecatrishula bipunctata</emphasis>
(
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFFDDFF94FE27650FFD5CF88B" author="Rudow" box="[452,661,1807,1832]" page="467" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1870">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFDDFF94FE27650FFD5CF88B" author="Rudow" box="[452,661,1807,1832]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Rudow, F. (1870) Beobachtungen uber die Lebensweise und den Bau der Mallophagen, sowie beschreibung neue Arten. Zeitschrift fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften (Halle) (Neue Folge), 35, 121 - 143." type="journal article" year="1870">Rudow, 1870: 467</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FFDDFF94FD47650FFCC2F88B" box="[676,779,1807,1832]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FD47650FFCC2F88B" bold="true" box="[676,779,1807,1832]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
[in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FCD46511FC43F88B" authorityName="Nitzsch" authorityYear="1818" box="[823,906,1809,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FCD46511FC43F88B" box="[823,906,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Nirmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FC79650FFC73F88B" bold="true" box="[922,954,1807,1832]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">[3]</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFDDFF94FF746534FC30F8EE" blockId="87.[151,1017,1628,2013]" box="[151,1017,1844,1869]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2B9811D1FFDDFF94FF746534FC30F8EE" box="[151,1017,1844,1869]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF746534FF6BF8EE" box="[151,162,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">*</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FF416534FD7BF8EE" authority="(Ansari, 1957 a: 164)" authorityName="Bush" authorityPageNumber="164" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Ansari" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[162,690,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryptoleuca" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF416534FE0BF8EE" box="[162,450,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Hecatrishula cryptoleuca</emphasis>
(
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFFDDFF94FE326534FD60F8EE" author="Ansari" box="[465,681,1844,1869]" page="164" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1957">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFDDFF94FE326534FD60F8EE" author="Ansari" box="[465,681,1844,1869]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Ansari, R. A. M. (1957 a) A revision of the Bruelia (Mallophaga) species infesting the Corvidae. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 5, 143 - 182." type="journal article" year="1957" yearSuffix="a">Ansari, 1957a: 164</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FFDDFF94FD5A6534FCD6F8EE" box="[697,799,1844,1869]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FD5A6534FCD6F8EE" bold="true" box="[697,799,1844,1869]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
[in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FCAF6534FC65F8EE" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[844,940,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FCAF6534FC65F8EE" box="[844,940,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FC5F6534FC30F8EE" bold="true" box="[956,1017,1844,1869]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">[1, 4]</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFDDFF94FF746557FC05F8CC" blockId="87.[151,1017,1628,2013]" box="[151,972,1879,1904]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2B9811D1FFDDFF94FF746557FC05F8CC" box="[151,972,1879,1904]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF746557FF6BF8D3" box="[151,162,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">*</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FF416557FD6CF8D3" authority="(Clay, 1936: 906)" authorityName="Bush" authorityPageNumber="906" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Clay" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[162,677,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multipunctata" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF416557FE13F8D3" box="[162,474,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Hecatrishula multipunctata</emphasis>
(
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFFDDFF94FE0A6557FD57F8D3" author="Clay" box="[489,670,1879,1904]" page="906" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFDDFF94FE0A6557FD57F8D3" author="Clay" box="[489,670,1879,1904]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Clay, T. (1936) New species of Mallophaga recorded from Asiatic birds. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1935, 905 - 914." type="proceedings paper" year="1936">Clay, 1936: 906</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FFDDFF94FD4F6557FCDBF8D3" box="[684,786,1879,1904]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FD4F6557FCDBF8D3" bold="true" box="[684,786,1879,1904]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
[in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FCDC6557FC0AF8D3" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1906" box="[831,963,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Degeeriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FCDC6557FC0AF8D3" box="[831,963,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Degeeriella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFDDFF94FF74657CFC4AF837" blockId="87.[151,1017,1628,2013]" box="[151,899,1916,1941]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2B9811D1FFDDFF94FF74657CFC4AF837" box="[151,899,1916,1941]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF74657CFF6BF836" box="[151,162,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">*</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FF41657CFD49F836" authority="(Ansari, 1957 a: 166)" authorityName="Bush" authorityPageNumber="166" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Ansari" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[162,640,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nawabi" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF41657CFE59F836" box="[162,400,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Hecatrishula nawabi</emphasis>
(
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFFDDFF94FE7C657CFDB1F836" author="Ansari" box="[415,632,1916,1941]" page="166" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1957">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFDDFF94FE7C657CFDB1F836" author="Ansari" box="[415,632,1916,1941]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Ansari, R. A. M. (1957 a) A revision of the Bruelia (Mallophaga) species infesting the Corvidae. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 5, 143 - 182." type="journal article" year="1957" yearSuffix="a">Ansari, 1957a: 166</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FFDDFF94FD64657CFD25F836" box="[647,748,1916,1941]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FD64657CFD25F836" bold="true" box="[647,748,1916,1941]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
[in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FCF9657CFCB3F836" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[794,890,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FCF9657CFCB3F836" box="[794,890,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFDDFF94FF7465A0FD3FF87F" blockId="87.[151,1017,1628,2013]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2B9811D1FFDDFF94FF7465A0FD3FF87F" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF7465A0FF6BF81A" box="[151,162,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">*</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FF4165A0FD44F81B" authority="(Burmeister, 1838: 430)" authorityName="Bush" authorityPageNumber="430" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[162,653,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varia" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF4165A0FEB0F81B" box="[162,377,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Hecatrishula varia</emphasis>
(
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFFDDFF94FE6465A0FD4FF81B" author="Burmeister" box="[391,646,1952,1977]" page="430" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1838">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFDDFF94FE6465A0FD4FF81B" author="Burmeister" box="[391,646,1952,1977]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Burmeister, H. (1838) Mallophaga Nitzsch. Handbuch der Entomologie, Berlin, 2, 418 - 443." type="journal article" year="1838">Burmeister, 1838: 430</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FFDDFF94FD7765A0FD33F81A" box="[660,762,1952,1977]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FD7765A0FD33F81A" bold="true" box="[660,762,1952,1977]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
[in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FCC465A1FCB3F81B" authorityName="Nitzsch" authorityYear="1818" box="[807,890,1953,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FCC465A1FCB3F81B" box="[807,890,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Nirmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FC6965A0FC63F81A" bold="true" box="[906,938,1952,1977]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">[5]</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFDDFF94FF2465C4FD3FF87F" authority="(Zlotorzycka, 1964 a: 244)" authorityPageNumber="244" baseAuthorityName="Zlotorzycka" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[199,758,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFDDFF94FF2465C4FE03F87F" box="[199,458,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Hecatrishula perforata</emphasis>
(
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFFDDFF94FE3B65C4FD27F87F" author="Zlotorzycka" box="[472,750,1988,2013]" page="244" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFDDFF94FE3B65C4FD27F87F" author="Zlotorzycka" box="[472,750,1988,2013]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refString="Zlotorzycka, J. (1964 a) Mallophaga parasitising Passeriformes and Pici. II. Brueeliinae. Acta Parasitologica Polonica, 12, 239 - 282." type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">Złotorzycka, 1964a: 244</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFD2FF9BFF746298FEB2FF13" blockId="88.[151,1005,151,285]" box="[151,379,151,176]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFF746298FEE4FF13" box="[151,301,151,176]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="biguttata">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFF746298FF70FF0C" bold="true" box="[151,185,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">He</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFF246297FEE4FF13" bold="true" box="[199,301,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">biguttata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFED76297FEB2FF13" bold="true" box="[308,379,151,176]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">group</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFD2FF9BFF7462BCFC5AFEBF" blockId="88.[151,1005,151,285]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2B9811D1FFD2FF9BFF7462BCFC5AFEBF" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFF7462BCFF6BFF76" box="[151,162,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">*</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFF4162BCFD31FF77" authority="(Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914: 234)" authorityName="Bush" authorityPageNumber="234" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Kellogg &amp; Paine" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[162,760,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biguttata" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFF4162BCFE6AFF76" box="[162,419,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Hecatrishula biguttata</emphasis>
(
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFFD2FF9BFE5162BCFD39FF77" author="Kellogg" box="[434,752,188,213]" page="234" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" year="1914">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFD2FF9BFE5162BCFD39FF77" author="Kellogg" box="[434,752,188,213]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refString="Kellogg, V. L. &amp; Paine, J. H. (1914) Mallophaga from birds (mostly Corvidae and Phasianidae) of India and neighbouring countries. Records of the Indian Museum, 10, 217 - 243." type="journal article" year="1914">Kellogg &amp; Paine, 1914: 234</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FFD2FF9BFD1C62BCFCACFF76" box="[767,869,188,213]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFD1C62BCFCACFF76" bold="true" box="[767,869,188,213]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
[in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFC7162BDFC2CFF77" authorityName="Nitzsch" authorityYear="1818" box="[914,997,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFC7162BDFC2CFF77" box="[914,997,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Nirmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFF7462DFFF6BFF5B" box="[151,162,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">*</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFF4162DFFDB3FF5B" authority="(Ansari, 1956 b: 393)" authorityName="Bush" authorityPageNumber="393" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Ansari" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[162,634,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="docilis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFF4162DFFE40FF5B" box="[162,393,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Hecatrishula docilis</emphasis>
(
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFFD2FF9BFE7462DFFDB8FF5B" author="Ansari" box="[407,625,223,248]" page="393" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" year="1956">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFD2FF9BFE7462DFFDB8FF5B" author="Ansari" box="[407,625,223,248]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refString="Ansari, R. A. M. (1956 b) A revision of Brueelia (Mallophaga) species infesting the Corvidae, Part I. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 4, 371 - 406." type="journal article" year="1956" yearSuffix="b">Ansari, 1956b: 393</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FFD2FF9BFD6262DFFD2EFF5B" box="[641,743,223,248]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFD6262DFFD2EFF5B" bold="true" box="[641,743,223,248]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
[in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFCF762DFFCBCFF5B" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[788,885,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFCF762DFFCBCFF5B" box="[788,885,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFC6762DFFC6CFF5B" bold="true" box="[900,933,223,248]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">[6]</emphasis>
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFF746304FF6BFEBE" box="[151,162,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">*</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFF416304FDA5FEBF" authority="(Clay, 1936: 908)" authorityName="Bush" authorityPageNumber="908" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Clay" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[162,620,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koslovae" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFF416304FE69FEBE" box="[162,416,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Hecatrishula koslovae</emphasis>
(
<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFFD2FF9BFE4C6304FDADFEBF" author="Clay" box="[431,612,260,285]" page="908" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFD2FF9BFE4C6304FDADFEBF" author="Clay" box="[431,612,260,285]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refString="Clay, T. (1936) New species of Mallophaga recorded from Asiatic birds. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1935, 905 - 914." type="proceedings paper" year="1936">Clay, 1936: 908</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FFD2FF9BFD916304FD11FEBE" box="[626,728,260,285]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFD916304FD11FEBE" bold="true" box="[626,728,260,285]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
[in 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFCE66304FC40FEBE" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1906" box="[773,905,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Degeeriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFCE66304FC40FEBE" box="[773,905,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Degeeriella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43926574FFD2FF9BFF74634CFD69FD37" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFD2FF9BFF74634CFDD2FD9B" blockId="88.[151,1437,332,1151]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFF74634CFF7DFEC1" bold="true" box="[151,180,332,354]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">[1]</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFD2FF9BFF5F634CFEAAFEC1" author="Williams" box="[188,355,332,354]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refString="Williams, N. S. (1986) A review of the Brueelia (Mallophaga: Philopteridae) from North and Central American Corvidae (Aves: Passeriformes). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 59, 428 - 436." type="journal article" year="1986">Williams (1986)</bibRefCitation>
examined material from 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFD8A634DFD35FEC1" baseAuthorityName="Sabine" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[617,764,332,354]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hudsonia">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFD8A634DFD35FEC1" box="[617,764,332,354]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Pica hudsonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFCE8634CFC14FEC1" authorityName="Couch" authorityYear="1854" box="[779,989,332,354]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptoleucus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFCE8634CFC14FEC1" box="[779,989,332,354]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Corvus cryptoleucus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(though her material was from Illinois, i.e. well outside the known range of this species) and 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFD2B636BFC9AFE23" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[712,851,363,384]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corax">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFD2B636BFC9AFE23" box="[712,851,363,384]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Corvus corax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFC81636BFC7FFE23" box="[866,950,363,384]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">sinuatus</emphasis>
], but she could not find any differences among the samples from those three host species. Therefore, 
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFD2FF9BFCF06389FC77FE3C" author="Williams" box="[787,958,393,415]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refString="Williams, N. S. (1986) A review of the Brueelia (Mallophaga: Philopteridae) from North and Central American Corvidae (Aves: Passeriformes). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 59, 428 - 436." type="journal article" year="1986">Williams (1986)</bibRefCitation>
regarded both 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFB846389FA8BFE3C" authorityName="Ansari" authorityYear="1957" box="[1127,1346,393,415]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryptoleuca">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFB846389FA8BFE3C" box="[1127,1346,393,415]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Brueelia cryptoleuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFA9E638AFEF9FE1D" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigropicta">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFA9E638AFA5CFE3C" box="[1405,1429,394,415]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Br</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFF2463A9FEF9FE1D" box="[199,304,425,446]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">nigropicta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as junior synonyms of 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFDC363A9FD63FE1D" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Piaget" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[544,682,424,446]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biocellata">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFDC363A9FDF1FE1D" box="[544,568,425,446]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Br</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFDA663A8FD63FE1D" box="[581,682,424,446]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">biocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We have examined material from those three hosts, as well as from 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFA8E63A9FF3AFE7E" authority="pica" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pica">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFA8E63A9FF3AFE7E" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Pica pica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFEE063C8FEB9FE7F" box="[259,368,454,477]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nuttallii">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFEE063C8FED9FE7E" box="[259,272,456,477]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFEC363C6FEB9FE7F" box="[288,368,454,476]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">nuttallii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and Old World subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFD5E63C7FC80FE7E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[701,841,455,477]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corax">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFD5E63C7FC80FE7E" box="[701,841,455,477]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Corvus corax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. While we agree with 
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFD2FF9BFBA263C6FB23FE7F" author="Williams" box="[1089,1258,454,476]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refString="Williams, N. S. (1986) A review of the Brueelia (Mallophaga: Philopteridae) from North and Central American Corvidae (Aves: Passeriformes). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 59, 428 - 436." type="journal article" year="1986">Williams (1986)</bibRefCitation>
in regarding 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFA9E63C8FEF9FE58" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigropicta">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFA9E63C8FA5CFE7E" box="[1405,1429,456,477]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Br</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFF2463E6FEF9FE58" box="[199,304,486,507]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">nigropicta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFDC263E6FD63FE58" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Piaget" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[545,682,485,507]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biocellata">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFDC263E6FDF0FE58" box="[545,569,486,507]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Br</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFDA663E5FD63FE58" box="[581,682,485,507]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">biocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(now 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFD0963E6FCB1FE58" box="[746,888,485,507]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="biocellata">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFD0963E6FCB1FE58" box="[746,888,485,507]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">He. biocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), we consider that lice from both 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFB2F63E6FA55FE58" authorityName="Couch" authorityYear="1854" box="[1228,1436,485,507]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptoleucus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFB2F63E6FA55FE58" box="[1228,1436,485,507]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Corvus cryptoleucus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and North American 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFE416004FE32FDB9" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[418,507,516,538]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corax">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFE416004FE7AFDBA" box="[418,435,516,537]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFE226005FE32FDB9" box="[449,507,517,538]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">corax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are separate from those from Old World subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFBDA6004FB5DFDB9" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1081,1172,516,538]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corax">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFBDA6004FB83FDBA" box="[1081,1098,516,537]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFBBB6005FB5DFDB9" box="[1112,1172,517,538]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">corax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFB776005FB51FDB9" box="[1172,1176,517,538]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">,</emphasis>
and are here regarded as conspecific with 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFE976023FDDCFD9B" box="[372,533,546,568]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="cryptoleuca">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFE976023FE58FD9B" box="[372,401,547,568]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">He</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFE7E6022FDDCFD9B" box="[413,533,546,568]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">cryptoleuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFD2FF9BFF746041FD69FD37" blockId="88.[151,1437,332,1151]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFF746041FF7CFDF4" bold="true" box="[151,181,577,599]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">[2]</emphasis>
This species may ultimately be separable from 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFD746042FCEFFDF4" box="[663,806,577,599]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="biocellata">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFD746042FD7DFDF4" box="[663,692,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">He</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFD226041FCEFFDF4" box="[705,806,577,599]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">biocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but based on the few specimens we have seen from 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFADD6042FAA4FDF4" box="[1342,1389,578,599]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFADD6042FAA4FDF4" box="[1342,1389,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Pica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. are morphologically very similar. Thus, we prefer to keep these samples together under 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFB6F6061FAE8FDD5" box="[1164,1313,608,630]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="biocellata">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFB6F6061FB60FDD5" box="[1164,1193,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">He</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFB5F6060FAE8FDD5" box="[1212,1313,608,630]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">biocellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
until more morphological or molecular data are available.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43926574FFD2FF9BFF74609DFEA3FC8D" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="description">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFD2FF9BFF74609DFEA3FC8D" blockId="88.[151,1437,332,1151]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFF74609DFF7CFD10" bold="true" box="[151,181,669,691]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">[3]</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFD2FF9BFF58609DFE72FD10" author="Ansari" box="[187,443,669,691]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refString="Ansari, R. A. M. (1957 a) A revision of the Bruelia (Mallophaga) species infesting the Corvidae. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 5, 143 - 182." type="journal article" year="1957" yearSuffix="a">Ansari (1957a: 151, 171)</bibRefCitation>
mentions an unpublished account by Hopkins &amp; Clay that states that 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFB60609EFA82FD10" authorityName="Rudow" authorityYear="1870" box="[1155,1355,669,691]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctatus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFB60609EFA82FD10" box="[1155,1355,669,691]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Nirmus bipunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not a 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFF2460BDFE9DFD71" box="[199,340,701,722]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">nomen novum</emphasis>
for 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFE9D60BDFD30FD71" authority="Rudow, 1869" authorityName="Rudow" authorityYear="1869" box="[382,761,700,722]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrangularis">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFE9D60BDFDA5FD71" box="[382,620,700,722]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Nirmus quadrangularis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFFD2FF9BFD9160BCFD30FD71" author="Rudow" box="[626,761,700,722]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refString="Rudow, F. (1869) Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Mallophagen oder Pelzfresser. Neue exotische Arten der Familie Philopterus." type="book" year="1869">Rudow, 1869</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFCFF60BCFB8CFD71" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Rudow" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[796,1093,700,722]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Corvonirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrangularis">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFCFF60BCFB8CFD71" box="[796,1093,700,722]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Corvonirmus quadrangularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), as the head shapes are different. In Ansari's illustrations of 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFE3460DBFDA0FD53" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Rudow" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[471,617,730,752]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFE3460DBFE26FD53" box="[471,495,731,752]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Br</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFE1E60DAFDA0FD53" box="[509,617,730,752]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">bipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFD9A60DAFD69FD53" box="[633,672,730,752]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">ibid</emphasis>
., p. 157, fig. 23), all three 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFC5560DBFC04FD53" box="[950,973,731,752]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">as</emphasis>
can clearly be seen, thus 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFB3660DBFAB8FD53" authorityName="Rudow" authorityYear="1870" box="[1237,1393,730,752]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctatus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFB3660DBFB24FD53" box="[1237,1261,731,752]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Br</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFB1860DAFAB8FD53" box="[1275,1393,730,752]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">bipunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFF2460F9FE82FCAC" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[199,331,761,783]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFF2460F9FE82FCAC" box="[199,331,761,783]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Hecatrishula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFE7560FAFD90FCAC" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Rudow" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[406,601,761,783]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Corvonirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrangularis">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFE7560FAFE67FCAC" box="[406,430,762,783]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Br</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFE5860F9FD90FCAC" box="[443,601,761,783]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">quadrangularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFD6460FAFCC4FCAC" authorityName="Eichler" authorityYear="1944" box="[647,781,762,783]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Corvonirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFD6460FAFCC4FCAC" box="[647,781,762,783]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Corvonirmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We therefore resurrect 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFBE160FAFB55FCAC" authorityName="Rudow" authorityYear="1870" box="[1026,1180,761,783]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctatus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFBE160FAFBD3FCAC" box="[1026,1050,762,783]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Br</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFBC560F9FB55FCAC" box="[1062,1180,761,783]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">bipunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from synonymy with 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFA9E60FAFEADFC8D" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Rudow" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Corvonirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrangularis">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFA9E60FAFA5CFCAC" box="[1405,1429,762,783]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Br</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFF246118FEADFC8D" box="[199,356,792,814]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">quadrangularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43926574FFD2FF9BFF746136FC1AFBE1" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFD2FF9BFF746136FCDAFBA7" blockId="88.[151,1437,332,1151]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFF746136FF7CFCEF" bold="true" box="[151,181,822,844]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">[4]</emphasis>
The type material of 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFE766138FDF1FCEF" box="[405,568,822,845]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="cryptoleuca">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFE766138FE7BFCEE" box="[405,434,824,845]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">He</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFE236136FDF1FCEF" box="[448,568,822,844]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">cryptoleuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that we examined includes paratypes ostensibly collected from 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFB296137FA55FCEF" authorityName="Couch" authorityYear="1854" box="[1226,1436,822,844]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptoleucus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFB296137FA55FCEF" box="[1226,1436,822,844]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Corvus cryptoleucus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from far outside the range of this species (Illinois). The material was collected by Richard Meinertzhagen, whose host identification and collection circumstances cannot always be trusted. It is likely this material was collected from 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFAA76174FA55FC29" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1348,1436,884,906]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corax">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFAA76174FA9CFC2A" box="[1348,1365,884,905]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFA816175FA55FC29" box="[1378,1436,885,906]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">corax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp., which does occur at the collection locality. This North American material differs from 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFB876193FB12FC0B" box="[1124,1243,914,936]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="atherae">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFB876193FB48FC0B" box="[1124,1153,915,936]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">He</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFB6D6192FB12FC0B" box="[1166,1243,914,936]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">atherae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFAFB6193FAA6FC0B" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1304,1391,915,936]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corax">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFAFB6193FAE0FC0B" box="[1304,1321,915,936]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFAD66193FAA6FC0B" box="[1333,1391,915,936]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">corax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFA966193FF31FC64" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="from">ssp. from</taxonomicName>
the Old World in the male genitalia, pigmentation patterns, and preantennal head shape, but is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFA9B61B2FEF6FC45" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="cryptoleuca">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFA9B61B2FA5CFC64" box="[1400,1429,946,967]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">He</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFF2461D0FEF6FC45" box="[199,319,976,998]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">cryptoleuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the type host. It thus appears like North American 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFC6161D1FC13FC45" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[898,986,977,998]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corax">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFC6161D1FC5AFC45" box="[898,915,977,998]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFC4361D1FC13FC45" box="[928,986,977,998]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">corax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFC0261D1FBE4FC45" box="[993,1069,977,998]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="are">ssp. are</taxonomicName>
parasitised by a different species of 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFF2461EEFE85FBA7" authority="Bush, 2017" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[199,332,1006,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFF2461EEFE85FBA7" box="[199,332,1006,1028]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Hecatrishula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than Old World subspecies of the same host.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFD2FF9BFF74660DFC1AFBE1" blockId="88.[151,1437,332,1151]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFF74660DFF7CFB80" bold="true" box="[151,181,1037,1059]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">[5]</emphasis>
Louse samples from 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFE6D660EFD8DFB80" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[398,580,1037,1059]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frugilegus">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFE6D660EFD8DFB80" box="[398,580,1037,1059]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Corvus frugilegus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFD96660EFD3EFB80" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[629,759,1037,1059]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Corvus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monedula">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFD96660EFD4FFB80" box="[629,646,1038,1059]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">C</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFD70660DFD3EFB80" box="[659,759,1037,1059]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">monedula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are morphologically very similar, and appear to differ only in size. Therefore, we tentatively consider 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFDCB662DFD41FBE1" box="[552,648,1069,1090]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="varia">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFDCB662DFD41FBE1" box="[552,648,1069,1090]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">He. varia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFD5A662DFC8AFBE1" box="[697,835,1068,1090]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
He. 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFD00662CFC8AFBE1" baseAuthorityName="Zlotorzycka" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[739,835,1068,1090]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Hecatrishula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">perforata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
as synonyms.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="43926574FFD2FF9BFF74664AFBD4FBDC" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="description">
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFFD2FF9BFF74664AFBD4FBDC" blockId="88.[151,1437,332,1151]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFF74664AFF7CFBC3" bold="true" box="[151,181,1098,1120]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">[6]</emphasis>
The type series of this species is from Morocco, making the type host 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFC20664AFA88FBC3" box="[963,1345,1098,1120]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pyrrhocorax" subSpecies="barbarous">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFC20664AFA88FBC3" box="[963,1345,1098,1120]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax barbarous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and not 
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFFD2FF9BFF246669FDDFFBDC" baseAuthorityName="S. G. Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[199,534,1129,1151]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Pyrrhocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pyrrhocorax" subSpecies="docilis">
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFFD2FF9BFF246669FDDFFBDC" box="[199,534,1129,1151]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax docilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is distributed from the Balkans to Pakistan.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>