317 lines
37 KiB
XML
317 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="71AEBCBA16BBC7B5BE8D8BB83E1B8142" ID-CLB-Dataset="32249" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4313.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d8cc2cd8-8410-49aa-a75d-7a41d9f52b26" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="883161" ID-ZooBank="A5Fdfba5-F992-44A8-84C2-1756C943C19B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1504182989959" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bush, Sarah E." docDate="2017" docId="832187E9FF42FF0AFF746595FCCCFC68" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4313.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4313 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Olivinirmus semiannulatus Bush 2017" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="202" masterDocId="7F18FF91FF8AFFC3FFE36200FFC9FFA3" masterDocTitle="Morphological revision of the hyperdiverse Brueelia - complex (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) with new taxa, checklists and generic key" masterLastPageNumber="443" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="201" updateTime="1698467717597" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7C147989AFF918F1559553789B9A7FB1">Morphological revision of the hyperdiverse Brueelia - complex (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) with new taxa, checklists and generic key</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C34833B98EF1600DFBA534FEE067338D">Bush, Sarah E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="79BD9C69232BB1E8A6271F42D9BA5CAB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B7E33AA16455EC4CBCEAA4A9FBE8A128">
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<mods:date id="3F6DA7E5D9B1BA505E324B6ADAB76C13">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="97D4060EBB6A6860CE022C9B6F640D8A">2017-08-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E75233700E086CBADB853FEC02A368E8">4313</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="785E9C89C05062307239D0BD40E2B88C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4313.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="832187E9FF42FF0AFF746595FCCCFC68" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5297005" ID-GBIF-Taxon="133100215" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5297005" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:832187E9FF42FF0AFF746595FCCCFC68" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/832187E9FF42FF0AFF746595FCCCFC68" lastPageId="201" lastPageNumber="202" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">
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<subSubSection id="43926574FF42FF0BFF746595FDB5F80D" box="[151,636,1941,1966]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0B3736FFFF42FF0BFF746595FDB5F80D" blockId="200.[151,935,1941,2038]" box="[151,636,1941,1966]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">
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<heading id="507F8193FF42FF0BFF746595FDB5F80D" bold="true" box="[151,636,1941,1966]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF42FF0BFF746595FDB5F80D" bold="true" box="[151,636,1941,1966]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">
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<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF42FF0BFF746595FE1BF80D" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Piaget" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[151,466,1941,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Olivinirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semiannulatus">
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<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF42FF0BFF746595FE1BF80D" bold="true" box="[151,466,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Olivinirmus semiannulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species-group
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="43926574FF42FF0AFF7465B9FE1DFDBD" lastPageId="201" lastPageNumber="202" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="0B3736FFFF42FF0BFF7465B9FD41F855" blockId="200.[151,935,1941,2038]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="2B9811D1FF42FF0BFF7465B9FD41F855" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">
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<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF42FF0BFF7465B9FF6BF871" box="[151,162,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">*</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF42FF0BFF4165B9FD78F871" authority="(Piaget, 1883: 156)" authorityName="Bush" authorityPageNumber="156" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Piaget" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[162,689,1977,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Olivinirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semiannulatus" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF42FF0BFF4165B9FE1DF871" box="[162,468,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Olivinirmus semiannulatus</emphasis>
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(
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<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFF42FF0BFE0165B9FD60F871" author="Piaget" box="[482,681,1977,2002]" page="156" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" year="1883">
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<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFF42FF0BFE0165B9FD60F871" author="Piaget" box="[482,681,1977,2002]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" refString="Piaget, E. (1883) Quelques pediculines nouveles ou peu connues. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 26 (2), 152 - 158, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1883">Piaget, 1883: 156</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="22CF5796FF42FF0BFD5A65B9FCD6F871" box="[697,799,1977,2002]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">
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<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF42FF0BFD5A65B9FCD6F871" bold="true" box="[697,799,1977,2002]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">n. comb.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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[in
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<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF42FF0BFCAF65BAFC57F872" authorityName="Nitzsch" authorityYear="1818" box="[844,926,1978,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF42FF0BFCAF65BAFC57F872" box="[844,926,1978,2001]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Nirmus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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]
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<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF42FF0BFF2465DDFDA8F855" authority="Ansari, 1957 c: 122" authorityName="Ansari" authorityPageNumber="122" authorityYear="1957" box="[199,609,2013,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF42FF0BFF2465DDFE4DF855" box="[199,388,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">Brueelia elegans</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="8A2910EEFF42FF0BFE6865DDFDA8F855" author="Ansari" box="[395,609,2013,2038]" page="122" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" year="1957">
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<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFF42FF0BFE6865DDFDE5F855" author="Ansari" box="[395,556,2013,2038]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201" refString="Ansari, R. A. M. (1957 c) Bruelia elegans sp. nov., a new louse parasitic on the Australia crow, Gymnorhina tibicen, with a supplementary note on the genus Bruelia Keler (Mallophaga: Ischnocera). Biologia (Lahore), 3, 122 - 131." type="journal article" year="1957" yearSuffix="c">Ansari, 1957c</bibRefCitation>
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: 122
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF42FF0BFD8465DDFD41F855" bold="true" box="[615,648,2013,2038]" pageId="200" pageNumber="201">[4]</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0B3736FFFF43FF0AFF746298FE1DFDBD" blockId="201.[151,1436,152,971]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">
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<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFF746298FF7DFF0D" bold="true" box="[151,180,152,174]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">[1]</emphasis>
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There are two species called
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<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFE036298FDB4FF0D" authorityName="Carriker" authorityYear="1963" box="[480,637,152,174]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
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<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFE036298FDB4FF0D" box="[480,637,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Brueelia affinis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the checklist of
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<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFF43FF0AFCDC6298FC30FF0D" box="[831,1017,152,174]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" refString="Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A. & Palma, R. L. (2003) World checklist of chewing lice with host associations and keys to families and genera. In: Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A., Palma, R. L., Johnson, K. P. & Clayton, D. H. The Chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 24. x + 501 pp." type="book">
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Price
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<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFC996299FC6EFF0D" box="[890,935,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">et al</emphasis>
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. (2003)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFBE76299FB2EFF0D" authority="Nitzsch" authorityName="Nitzsch" authorityYear="1874" box="[1028,1255,152,174]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
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<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFBE76299FB5AFF0D" box="[1028,1171,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Nirmus affinis</emphasis>
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Nitzsch
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</taxonomicName>
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[in
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<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFF43FF0AFAF36298FA55FF0D" author="Giebel" box="[1296,1436,152,174]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" refString="Giebel, C. G. A. (1874) Insecta epizoa. Die auf Saugetieren und Fogeln schmarotzenden Insecten nach Chr. L. Nitzsch's Nachlass bearbeitet. Otto Wigand, Leipzig. xvi + 308 pp., 20 pls." type="book" year="1874">Giebel], 1874</bibRefCitation>
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was described from
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<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFE7862B6FCE1FF6F" ID-CoL="6JYHZ" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[411,808,182,204]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Garrulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glandarius">
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<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFE7862B6FDA7FF6F" box="[411,622,182,204]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Garrulus glandarius</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFF43FF0AFD9D62B6FCE8FF6F" author="Linnaeus" box="[638,801,182,204]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" refString="Linnaeus, C. von (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth Edition. Volume 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. iv + 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, but this name was preoccupied by
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<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFB4162B8FF33FF48" authority="Children, 1836" authorityName="Children" authorityYear="1836" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
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<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFB4162B8FAFDFF6F" box="[1186,1332,182,205]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Nirmus affinis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFF43FF0AFADE62B6FF33FF48" author="Children" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" refString="Children, J. G. (1836) Catalogue of Arachnida and Insects collected by Mr. King, Surgeon and Naturalist to the Expedition. Pp. 536 - 539. In: Back, G. Narrative of the Arctic Land Ex pedition to the mouth of the Great Fish River, and along the shores of the Arctic Ocean, in the years 1833, 1834, and 1835. Chas. E. Tuttle Co., Vermont." type="book" year="1836">Children, 1836</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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[=
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<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFEC362D6FE28FF48" baseAuthorityName="Children" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[288,481,213,235]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Lagopoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
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<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFEC362D6FE28FF48" box="[288,481,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Lagopoecus affinis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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], from
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<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFDD262D6FD29FF48" box="[561,736,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Lagopus lagopus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFF43FF0AFD0C62D5FC58FF48" author="Linnaeus" box="[751,913,213,235]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" refString="Linnaeus, C. von (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth Edition. Volume 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae. iv + 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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). In addition
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<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFBF462D5FB4FFF48" box="[1047,1158,213,235]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Lagopoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="affinis" subSpecies="affinis">
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,
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<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFBC162D6FB4FFF48" box="[1058,1158,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Br. affinis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Nitzsch [in Giebel]) is an unnecessary new name for
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<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFE3D62F5FCD3FEA9" authority="Denny, 1842" authorityName="Denny" authorityYear="1842" box="[478,794,244,266]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glandarii">
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<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFE3D62F5FD47FEA9" box="[478,654,244,266]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Nirmus glandarii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFF43FF0AFD7662F5FCD3FEA9" author="Denny" box="[661,794,244,266]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" refString="Denny, H. (1842) Monographia anoplurorum Britanniae. Henry G. Bohn, London. xxvi + 262 pp." type="book" year="1842">Denny, 1842</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and therefore here regarded as a junior synonym of this name following
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<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFF43FF0AFED06312FD9EFE8B" author="Hopkins" box="[307,599,274,296]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" refString="Hopkins, G. H. & Clay, T. (1952) A check list of the genera & species of Mallophaga. British Museum (Natural History), London. 362 pp." type="book" year="1952">Hopkins & Clay (1952: 53)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFD876312FC30FE8B" authority="Carriker, 1963" authorityName="Carriker" authorityYear="1963" box="[612,1017,274,296]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="nitzschi" subSpecies="affinis">
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<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFD876312FC93FE8B" box="[612,858,274,296]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Brueelia nitzschi affinis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFF43FF0AFC876312FC30FE8B" author="Carriker" box="[868,1017,274,296]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" refString="Carriker, M. A., Jr. (1963) Neotropical Mallophaga (Insecta) miscellany, No. 13. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 23, 293 - 316." type="journal article" year="1963">Carriker, 1963</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described from
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<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFB3B6313FE50FEE4" ID-CoL="5GQYF" authority="affinis Pelzeln, 1856" authorityName="affinis Pelzeln" authorityYear="1856" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Cyanocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="affinis" subSpecies="affinis">
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<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFB3B6313FECFFEE4" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Cyanocorax affinis affinis</emphasis>
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Pelzeln, 1856
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</taxonomicName>
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and is here considered a valid species, following
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<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFF43FF0AFC7E6331FB93FEE4" box="[925,1114,305,327]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" refString="Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A. & Palma, R. L. (2003) World checklist of chewing lice with host associations and keys to families and genera. In: Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A., Palma, R. L., Johnson, K. P. & Clayton, D. H. The Chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 24. x + 501 pp." type="book">
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Price
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<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFC3A6332FBC4FEE4" box="[985,1037,305,327]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2003)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. However,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFF43FF0AFB336331FAA6FEE4" author="Carriker" box="[1232,1391,305,327]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" refString="Carriker, M. A., Jr. (1963) Neotropical Mallophaga (Insecta) miscellany, No. 13. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 23, 293 - 316." type="journal article" year="1963">Carriker (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and subsequent authors seem to have overlooked that
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFF43FF0AFD236350FC11FEC5" author="Hopkins" box="[704,984,336,358]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" refString="Hopkins, G. H. & Clay, T. (1952) A check list of the genera & species of Mallophaga. British Museum (Natural History), London. 362 pp." type="book" year="1952">Hopkins & Clay (1952: 53)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
placed
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFBC46351FAC5FEC5" authority="Nitzsch" authorityName="Nitzsch" authorityYear="1874" box="[1063,1292,336,358]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFBC46351FB71FEC5" box="[1063,1208,336,358]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Nirmus affinis</emphasis>
|
|
Nitzsch
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
[in Giebel] in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFF24636EFED7FE27" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[199,286,366,388]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFF24636EFED7FE27" box="[199,286,366,388]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Brueelia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, thus making
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFE556370FDB1FE27" authority="Carriker" authorityName="Carriker" authorityYear="1963" box="[438,632,366,389]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFE556370FDD2FE27" box="[438,539,366,389]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Br. affinis</emphasis>
|
|
Carriker
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
a junior homonym. The fact that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFC026370FB8CFE27" authorityName="Carriker" authorityYear="1963" box="[993,1093,366,389]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFC026370FB8CFE27" box="[993,1093,366,389]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Br. affinis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Nitzsch [in Giebel]) is a junior synonym does not make it unavailable [see Article 10.6 of the ICZN (International Commission on
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFF43FF0AFACD638DFE53FE61" author="Zoological" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" refString="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London. xxix + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">Zoological Nomenclature, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)], hence the name
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFDBA63ADFC9EFE61" authority="Carriker, 1963" authorityName="Carriker" authorityYear="1963" box="[601,855,428,450]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFDBA63ADFD75FE61" box="[601,700,428,450]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Br. affinis</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFF43FF0AFD2063ACFC9EFE61" author="Carriker" box="[707,855,428,450]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" refString="Carriker, M. A., Jr. (1963) Neotropical Mallophaga (Insecta) miscellany, No. 13. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 23, 293 - 316." type="journal article" year="1963">Carriker, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is preoccupied by
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFBFB63ADFBB3FE61" authorityName="Carriker" authorityYear="1963" box="[1048,1146,428,450]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFBFB63ADFBB3FE61" box="[1048,1146,428,450]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Br. affinis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Nitzsch [in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFF43FF0AFAE263ACFA58FE61" author="Giebel" box="[1281,1425,428,450]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" refString="Giebel, C. G. A. (1874) Insecta epizoa. Die auf Saugetieren und Fogeln schmarotzenden Insecten nach Chr. L. Nitzsch's Nachlass bearbeitet. Otto Wigand, Leipzig. xvi + 308 pp., 20 pls." type="book" year="1874">Giebel], 1874</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), although this species was first a primary homonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFCE963CBFC07FE43" authority="Children" authorityName="Children" authorityYear="1836" box="[778,974,458,480]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFCE963CBFCD2FE43" box="[778,795,459,480]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">N</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFCC863CAFCA3FE43" box="[811,874,458,480]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">affinis</emphasis>
|
|
Children
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and then a junior synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFAFD63CBFED7FE5C" authority="(Denny)" authorityName="Denny" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glandarii">
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFAFD63CBFAE4FE43" box="[1310,1325,459,480]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">B</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFADD63CAFA55FE43" box="[1342,1436,458,480]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">glandarii</emphasis>
|
|
(Denny)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. We propose the name
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFDCF63E9FCDFFE5C" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" box="[556,790,489,511]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Olivinirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paraffinis">
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFDCF63E9FCDFFE5C" box="[556,790,489,511]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Olivinirmus paraffinis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFCC063E9FC0CFE5C" bold="true" box="[803,965,489,511]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">nomen novum</emphasis>
|
|
to replace
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFBA963EAFA94FE5C" authority="Carriker, 1963" authorityName="Carriker" authorityYear="1963" box="[1098,1373,489,511]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Nirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFBA963EAFBABFE5C" box="[1098,1122,490,511]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Br</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFB9563E9FB7CFE5C" box="[1142,1205,489,511]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">affinis</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFF43FF0AFB2063E9FA94FE5C" author="Carriker" box="[1219,1373,489,511]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" refString="Carriker, M. A., Jr. (1963) Neotropical Mallophaga (Insecta) miscellany, No. 13. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 23, 293 - 316." type="journal article" year="1963">Carriker, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFF246009FE04FDBD" ID-CoL="5GQYF" authority="affinis" authorityName="affinis Pelzeln" authorityYear="1856" box="[199,461,520,542]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Cyanocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="affinis" subSpecies="affinis">
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFF246009FE04FDBD" box="[199,461,520,542]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Cyanocorax affinis affinis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="43926574FF43FF0AFF746026FCCCFC68" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFF43FF0AFF746026FC4CFD75" blockId="201.[151,1436,152,971]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFF746026FF7CFD9F" bold="true" box="[151,181,550,572]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">[2]</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFF43FF0AFF596026FE42FD9F" author="Carriker" box="[186,395,550,572]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" refString="Carriker, M. A., Jr. (1963) Neotropical Mallophaga (Insecta) miscellany, No. 13. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 23, 293 - 316." type="journal article" year="1963">Carriker (1963: 305)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
stated that the species here placed in the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFCC86026FC78FD9E" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Carriker" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[811,945,550,573]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Olivinirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morionus">
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFCC86026FC8DFD9F" box="[811,836,550,572]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Ol</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFCB26028FC78FD9E" box="[849,945,552,573]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">morionus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species-group are “very homogeneous and great care must be taken in evaluating their systematic status”. This cannot be emphasized enough.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFB7C6045FA8FFDF8" box="[1183,1350,581,603]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="clayae">
|
|
Only
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFB386045FB3DFDF8" box="[1243,1268,581,603]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Ol</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFAE76045FA8FFDF8" box="[1284,1350,581,603]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">clayae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFA9F6045FEEEFDD9" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Carriker" baseAuthorityYear="1963" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Olivinirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violaceus">
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFA9F6045FA5CFDF8" box="[1404,1429,581,603]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Ol</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFF246064FEEEFDD9" box="[199,295,612,634]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">violaceus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are markedly different from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFDAD6064FD08FDD9" baseAuthorityName="Keler" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[590,705,612,634]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitzschi">
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFDAD6064FDAEFDD9" box="[590,615,612,634]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Ol</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFD976064FD08FDD9" box="[628,705,612,634]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">nitzschi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and determination of other species must be approached with caution, a process made difficult by the vagueness of many of the original descriptions. It is possible that these lice all belong to the same euryxenous species, and ultimately many of these species may be synonymized. The material available to us is not sufficient to properly evaluate species limits in the group at this time.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFF43FF0AFF7460DEFC86FC2D" blockId="201.[151,1436,152,971]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFF7460DEFF7DFD57" bold="true" box="[151,180,734,756]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">[3]</emphasis>
|
|
The type host of this species was given by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFF43FF0AFD9360DEFCC6FD57" author="Carriker" box="[624,783,734,756]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" refString="Carriker, M. A., Jr. (1963) Neotropical Mallophaga (Insecta) miscellany, No. 13. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 23, 293 - 316." type="journal article" year="1963">Carriker (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
as “
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFCDE60DFFB9BFD57" authority="(Linne)" authorityName="Linne" box="[829,1106,734,757]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Cyanocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyana">
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFCDE60DFFC35FD56" box="[829,1020,735,757]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Cyanocorax cyana</emphasis>
|
|
(Linné)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
”, while
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFF43FF0AFB4560DEFA97FD57" box="[1190,1374,734,757]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" refString="Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A. & Palma, R. L. (2003) World checklist of chewing lice with host associations and keys to families and genera. In: Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A., Palma, R. L., Johnson, K. P. & Clayton, D. H. The Chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 24. x + 501 pp." type="book">
|
|
Price
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFB0260E0FAC7FD57" box="[1249,1294,734,757]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (2003)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
listed the type host as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFE8D60FEFD7EFCB0" authority="(Pallas, 1776)" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[366,695,765,787]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Cyanopica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyana">
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFE8D60FEFDE9FCB0" box="[366,544,766,787]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Cyanopica cyana</emphasis>
|
|
(Pallas, 1776)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. There is no such species as “
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFC0860FEFAC8FCB0" authority="(Linne)" authorityName="Linne" box="[1003,1281,765,787]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Cyanocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyana">
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFC0860FEFB62FCB0" box="[1003,1195,766,787]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Cyanocorax cyana</emphasis>
|
|
(Linné)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
”, but there is a
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFF24611CFDA9FC91" authority="(Linnaeus, 1766)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[199,608,796,818]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Cyanocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cayanus">
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFF24611CFE68FC91" box="[199,417,796,818]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Cyanocorax cayanus</emphasis>
|
|
(Linnaeus, 1766)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which is widely distributed in Venezuela (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFF43FF0AFBD5611CFAD4FC91" author="Madge" box="[1078,1309,796,818]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" refString="Madge, S. & Burn, H. (1999) Crows and Jays. Christopher Helm Ltd., London. xxiii + 192 pp." type="book" year="1999">Madge & Burn 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), where the holotype was collected. In contrast,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFDA2613BFD3DFCF3" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[577,756,827,848]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Cyanopica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyana">
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFDA2613BFD3DFCF3" box="[577,756,827,848]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Cyanopica cyana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is restricted to the Old World. The host name given by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFF43FF0AFAAB613AFEC3FCCC" author="Carriker" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" refString="Carriker, M. A., Jr. (1963) Neotropical Mallophaga (Insecta) miscellany, No. 13. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 23, 293 - 316." type="journal article" year="1963">Carriker (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
is most likely a misspelling, which lead to an erroneous interpretation of the host by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFF43FF0AFB8E6159FAEEFCCC" box="[1133,1319,857,879]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" refString="Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A. & Palma, R. L. (2003) World checklist of chewing lice with host associations and keys to families and genera. In: Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A., Palma, R. L., Johnson, K. P. & Clayton, D. H. The Chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 24. x + 501 pp." type="book">
|
|
Price
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFB4B615AFB12FCCC" box="[1192,1243,857,879]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2003)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. Therefore, we regard
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC884D7CFF43FF0AFED16179FDCEFC2D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[306,519,889,910]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" genus="Cyanocorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cayanus">
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFED16179FDCEFC2D" box="[306,519,889,910]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Cyanocorax cayanus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as the type host of
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFD2F6178FD2CFC2D" box="[716,741,888,910]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Ol</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFD126179FC81FC2D" box="[753,840,889,910]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">Cyaneus</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="0B3736FFFF43FF0AFF746196FCCCFC68" blockId="201.[151,1436,152,971]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">
|
|
<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFF746196FF7CFC0F" bold="true" box="[151,181,918,940]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">[4]</emphasis>
|
|
We tentatively accept this synonymy, following
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="6F194B0EFF43FF0AFD7D6196FC9CFC0F" box="[670,853,918,941]" pageId="201" pageNumber="202" refString="Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A. & Palma, R. L. (2003) World checklist of chewing lice with host associations and keys to families and genera. In: Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A., Palma, R. L., Johnson, K. P. & Clayton, D. H. The Chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 24. x + 501 pp." type="book">
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Price
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<emphasis id="39FCEAEDFF43FF0AFD3B6198FCCDFC0F" box="[728,772,918,941]" italics="true" pageId="201" pageNumber="202">et al</emphasis>
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. (2003)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, but note that the issue is very complicated, and should be addressed more thoroughly in future work on this genus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |