876 lines
162 KiB
XML
876 lines
162 KiB
XML
<document id="17B2B57285B3901F21A4911A5B592507" ID-DOI="10.4467/16890027AP.14.015.1596" ID-ISSN="1689-0027" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10371131" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1702473367385" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Foissner, Wilhelm, Wolf, Klaus W., Kumar, Santosh & Quintela-Alonso, Kuidong Xu and Pablo" docDate="2014" docId="7F52878BFFCEFFB4FF548C8CFA810586" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaProtozool.53.2.159-194.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Protozoologica 53" docStyle="DocumentStyle:64ABA4BEA387EE5C24A0DDEB32CC92E7.2:ActaProtozool.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="64ABA4BEA387EE5C24A0DDEB32CC92E7" docStyleName="ActaProtozool.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Spathidium bromeliophilum Foissner & Wolf & Kumar & Quintela-Alonso 2014, nov. spec." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="180" masterDocId="836BFFF3FFC2FFA1FFD08C52FF97034C" masterDocTitle="Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank" masterLastPageNumber="194" masterPageNumber="159" pageNumber="171" updateTime="1702473958120" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="EBB751744046B777FDE63D7EC1E7D363">Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="FE0AC082CE0F35DC57CCF6E33FEB8C92" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="10EBC514DB887ECAF75269D241F4E3C6">Foissner, Wilhelm</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FF451A6D28D6ADB44285A7B398F72194">Universität Salzburg, FB Organismische Biologie, Salzburg, Austria;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="9048E41122DC83B9F883D143B98E5130" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="17B237B53881CC8F40E48397EEED1524">Wolf, Klaus W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="123C2B8E134E35545694C18668AEFF22">University of the West Indies, Electron Microscopy Unit, Kingston, Jamaica;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6D8D4F345C1BE1E409B3BFF77C0FF0A2" type="email">wilhelm.foissner@sbg.ac.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8583220803DFA432D45665B8AB0B7300">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4714AF3F06E88647ADC8B37765C2E391">Kumar, Santosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="12BE5D271D849CF0DEEC6E7909B947D9">Universität Salzburg, FB Organismische Biologie, Salzburg, Austria;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="218DF3BE6AF780BEF9E88AAA1E279D1E">Quintela-Alonso, Kuidong Xu and Pablo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="13684CF04ADDDE2A84D432E3A39FD7FE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="BD07DCE099DD336491E837459F78B4E2">Acta Protozoologica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DEE64CDAE01ABE5CBEB7B1C0630C7F56">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="54C297BE6578519407C1DD0579B13A96">53</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="99DE6659C1874FA082A26F58126EAA77" type="DOI">10.4467/16890027AP.14.015.1596</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4F944E708577FD404229B65C7F3A7D20" type="ISSN">1689-0027</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7F52878BFFCEFFB4FF548C8CFA810586" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7F52878BFFCEFFB4FF548C8CFA810586" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F52878BFFCEFFB4FF548C8CFA810586" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="180" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
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<subSubSection id="BFE16516FFCEFFADFF548C8CFC9C03B5" box="[132,779,222,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F744369DFFCEFFADFF548C8CFC9C03B5" blockId="12.[131,779,222,323]" box="[132,779,222,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
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<heading id="AC0C81F1FFCEFFADFF548C8CFC9C03B5" bold="true" box="[132,779,222,249]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCEFFADFF548C8CFC9C03B5" bold="true" box="[132,779,222,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
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<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFCEFFADFF548C8CFE7503B5" authority="Foissner & Wolf & Kumar & Quintela-Alonso, 2014" authorityName="Foissner & Wolf & Kumar & Quintela-Alonso" authorityYear="2014" box="[132,482,222,249]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bromeliophilum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCEFFADFF548C8CFE7503B5" bold="true" box="[132,482,222,249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Spathidium bromeliophilum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="DEBC57F4FFCEFFADFE218C8DFDE703B5" box="[497,624,223,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" rank="species">nov. spec.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCEFFADFD588C8CFC9203B5" box="[648,773,222,249]" captionStart="Figs 7" captionStartId="14.[134,177,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[144,1452,223,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-7@14.[136,1461,223,1637]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 7a–r. Spathidium bromeliophilum from life (a–e, o–p) and after protargol impregnation (f–n, q, r). a – right side view of a representative specimen, length 135 μm. Arrowhead marks end of bristle tail of brush row 3; b, c – the ∞-shaped oral bulge, which is slightly dumbbell-shaped and/or cuneate, is studded with extrusomes. The oblique fibre bundles originate from the circumoral dikinetids; d – two views of the same extrusome, length 5 µm; e – surface view, showing the two size-types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 µm and 0.4 µm; f–j – variability of shape of body and oral bulge whose ventral third is often curved laterally; k, l – a specimen engulfing a Colpoda (k) and another that has just engulfed a Vorticella; m, n – ciliary pattern of right and left side and nuclear apparatus of holotype specimen, length 138 μm; o, p – detail and overview of a resting cyst with inactive contractile vacuole, diameter 42 µm; q, r – ciliary pattern of anterior dorsal and ventral side, showing the isostichad dorsal brush and the wide spacing of the dikinetids in row 3. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, EP – excretory pores, FV – food vacuole, LD – lipid droplets, MA – macronuclear nodules, MI – micronuclei. Scale bars: 40 μm (a, f–n), 20 μm (q–r) and 2 μm (o)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371145/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Figs 7a–r</figureCitation>
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,
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BFE16516FFCEFFADFF548D56FE86020E" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F744369DFFCEFFADFF548D56FE86020E" blockId="12.[131,779,222,323]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
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<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCEFFADFF548D56FE86020E" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
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<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCEFFADFF548D56FF560252" box="[132,193,260,286]" captionStart="Figs 8" captionStartId="15.[126,169,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[125,1450,223,1759]" captionTargetId="figure-8@15.[125,1450,223,1772]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 8a–g. Spathidium bromeliophilum after protargol impregnation. a, b – right and left side view of the same specimen; c – left side view of a specimen with many small macronuclear nodules; d – anterior dorsal view of the proter from a late divider, showing the isostichad dorsal brush; e–g – anterior right (e) and left (f, g) side views of the specimens shown in Figs (a–c). Arrowheads (f, g) mark nematodesma bundles forming the oral basket. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, F – oral bulge fibres, MA – mac- ronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371147/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">8a–g</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCEFFADFF1D8D56FE9C0252" box="[205,267,260,286]" captionStart="Figs 9" captionStartId="16.[132,175,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[132,1457,223,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[132,1457,223,1753]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 9a–h. Spathidium bromeliophilum in the SEM (a, b) and from life (c–h). a – a slender specimen; b – ventrolateral view, showing the cuneate oral bulge (arrowheads) and circumoral cilia (arrow); c, g – the extrusomes are about 5 μm long and are slightly asymmetrical (c); d–f – type III resting cysts, about 40 μm across. Mature cysts (e) show a thin (~ 1 μm) and smooth wall (opposed arrowheads), separated from the cytoplasm by a ~ 0.5 μm thick hyaline sheet (endocyst?) not recognizable in squashed cysts (f). When degenerated, the cytoplasm detaches from the wall (d); h – surface view showing the two-size types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 μm and 0.4 μm (arrows and ar- rowheads). BU – oral bulge. Scale bars: 40 μm (a), 25 μm (d, e), 10 μm (b) and 5 μm (f, g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371149/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">9a–h</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCEFFADFEC78D56FEF70252" box="[279,352,260,286]" captionStart="Figs 10" captionStartId="17.[125,168,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[125,1444,224,1638]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[125,1448,223,1662]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 10a–e. Spathidium bromeliophilum, ontogenesis of ciliary pattern after protargol impregnation. Corresponding body and nuclear changes are shown in Figs 11a–j. a – very early divider, showing basal body production in the prospective division zone. Asterisk denotes a slight indentation in fission area. Nuclear apparatus as shown in Figs 11a, b; b – early divider where the developing dorsal brush rows (1–3) and the circumoral kinety fragments (placed between arrowheads) of the opisthe are already recognizable. Note blebs in fission area left of the circumoral kinety fragments (arrowheads). Nuclear apparatus as shown in Fig. 11c; c – middle stage, showing blebs (arrowheads) in prospective fission area. Nuclear apparatus as shown in Figs 11d, e; d – late divider with a single macronuclear strand (Fig. 11f) and conspicuous division furrow (arrows); e – very late divider with proter and opisthe about to separate, length 170 μm (Fig. 11g). B(1–3) – dorsal brush rows, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei.Scale bars: 20 μm (a–d) and 30 μm (e)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371151/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">10a–e</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCEFFADFEBD8D56FE260252" box="[365,433,260,286]" captionStart="Figs 11" captionStartId="18.[132,175,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[137,1451,230,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-7@18.[132,1455,223,1662]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figs 11a–j. Spathidium bromeliophilum, body and nuclear changes in dividers (a–g) and post-dividers (h–j) after protargol impregnation; drawn to scale. For the ciliary pattern, see Figs 10a–e, 12a–f, 15a–d. a – a morphostatic specimen with many macronuclear nodules scattered throughout the cytoplasm; b – early divider with most macronuclear nodules fused; c, d – middle dividers in which the macronuclear nodules fused to an irregular mass. Note micronuclear division and the slightly inflated fission area; e, f – middle-late and late stage, showing elongation of body and macronucleus, and division furrow. The opisthe is considerably narrower than the proter (f), a rare feature (Table 5); g – very late divider, showing proter and opisthe about to separate while the macronucleus has already divided; h–j – post-dividers develop a three-dimensional macronuclear reticulum (h, i) that breaks into many nodules during the maturation of the cell (j, a). BU – oral bulge, CV – contractile vacuole, MA – macronuclear nodules, MI – micronuclei. Scale bar: 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371157/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">11a–j</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCEFFADFE6D8D56FD930252" box="[445,516,260,286]" captionStart="Figs 12" captionStartId="19.[126,169,1803,1825]" captionTargetBox="[134,1450,223,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[125,1450,223,1764]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figs 12a–f. Spathidium bromeliophilum, dividers after protargol impregnation. a–c – overview and details of an early divider. Note body indentation (asterisks), basal bodies production in the division zone of all kineties (arrowhead), and beginning fusion of macronuclear nodules (arrow in c); d–f – a middle divider, showing an inflated fission area (small arrowheads), the developing dorsal brush (1–3), the oral kinetofragments (large arrowheads), and the macronuclear strand that developed by fusion of the macronuclear nodules. B(1–3) – dorsal brush rows, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371161/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">12a–f</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCEFFADFDC08D56FDCC0252" box="[528,603,260,286]" captionStart="Figs 13" captionStartId="20.[132,175,1720,1742]" captionTargetBox="[135,1457,231,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[132,1457,223,1659]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs 13a–g. Spathidium bromeliophilum after protargol impregnation. a, b, e – anterior body portion of three specimens, showing the oral bulge whose ventral third is curved laterally in 80% of the specimens (b) and straight in the rest (a, e). Note the oblique microtubule bundles originating from the dikinetids of the circumoral kinety (a) and forming the oral basket (e, arrowheads); c – view of the inflated fission area of a middle divider, showing micronuclear fission and the macronuclear strand that developed by fusion of the macronuclear nodules; d – post-conjugant, showing four macronuclear nodules and the slightly convex oral bulge whose dorsal end is higher than the ventral end; f, g – an early divider, showing a slight body indentation (asterisk) and basal body production in the prospective division zone of most kineties. B – dorsal brush, BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, E – extrusomes, F – oral bulge fibres (microtubule bundles), MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371163/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">13a–g</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCEFFADFDB78D56FD270252" box="[615,688,260,286]" captionStart="Figs 14" captionStartId="21.[125,168,867,889]" captionTargetBox="[125,1450,223,840]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[125,1450,223,849]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 14a–c. Spathidium bromeliophilum, late divider after protargol impregnation. a–c – overview and details of the fission area, showing the ventral (b) and dorsal (c) side. Arrowheads (b) mark the growing nematodesma bundles (oral basket fibres) originating from the diki- netids of the circumoral kinety fragments. Arrow (c) denotes a bleb left of the circumoral kinety fragments of the opisthe. 1, 2, 3 – dorsal brush rows, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371167" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371167/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">14a–c</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCEFFADFD6C8D56FC920252" box="[700,773,260,286]" captionStart="Figs 15" captionStartId="22.[134,176,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,223,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-7@22.[132,1457,223,1779]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 15a–f. Spathidium bromeliophilum after protargol impregnation. a–d – overview and details of a very late divider, showing the elliptical oral field of the opisthe whose circumoral kinety fragments have not yet aligned ventrally; e, f – post-dividers, showing the threedimensional macronuclear reticulum (e) that breaks into many nodules (f). B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety,F – oral bulge fibres, MA – macronucleus,MI – micronuclei.(Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371169" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371169/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">15a–f</figureCitation>
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||
;
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<tableCitation id="BA790326FFCEFFADFF538D7BFF7C020F" box="[131,235,297,323]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="12.[132,188,947,968]" captionText="Table 4. Morphometric data on Spathidium bromeliophilum." pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Tables 4</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="BA790326FFCEFFADFF298D7AFE9F020E" box="[249,264,296,322]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="23.[122,178,554,577]" captionText="Table 5. Ontogenetic comparison of spathidiids (modified from Foissner and Xu 2007)." pageId="12" pageNumber="171">5</tableCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BFE16516FFCEFFADFF7A8D0EFBB20252" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="F744369DFFCEFFADFF7A8D0EFBB20252" blockId="12.[131,779,348,855]" lastBlockId="12.[816,1464,223,855]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
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<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCEFFADFF7A8D0EFEBB023A" bold="true" box="[170,300,348,374]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Size about 135 × 35 μm
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<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCEFFADFDA08D0CFD54023B" box="[624,707,350,375]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">in vivo</emphasis>
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. Narrowly spatulate with oblique, slightly dumbbell-shaped to cuneate oral bulge about as long as widest trunk region and screwed like a propeller blade (∞-shaped); ventral portion of bulge and circumoral kinety more or less bent laterally in 80% of specimens. On average 30 ellipsoidal, scattered macronuclear nodules and several globular micronuclei. Extrusomes bluntly fusiform and asymmetrical, about 5 µm long. Two size-types of cortical granules. On average 17 ciliary rows, 3 anteriorly differentiated to an isostichad dorsal brush occupying 22% of body length: shortest row 1 composed of 17 dikinetids, rows 2 and 3 of similar length but composed of 23 and 17 dikinetids on average, respectively; monokinetidal tail of brush row 3 extends to mid-body.
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<typeStatus id="2840883FFFCEFFADFCE08D56FCFD0252" box="[816,874,260,286]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Type</typeStatus>
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III resting cyst.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="BFE16516FFCEFFADFC868D75FC580111" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="F744369DFFCEFFADFC868D75FBF602C4" blockId="12.[816,1464,223,855]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
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<materialsCitation id="47933CC0FFCEFFADFC868D75FBCA02C4" country="Jamaica" latitude="18.033333" location="In" longLatPrecision="1277" longitude="-76.566666" municipality="Blue Mountains" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCEFFADFC868D75FB96020C" bold="true" box="[854,1025,294,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
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<typeStatus id="2840883FFFCEFFADFC868D75FC04020D" box="[854,915,295,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="F2246046FFCEFFADFBDC8D75FBB3020D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7F52878BFFCEFFB4FF548C8CFA810586:F2246046FFCEFFADFBDC8D75FBB3020D" box="[1036,1060,295,321]" country="Jamaica" latitude="18.033333" longLatPrecision="1277" longitude="-76.566666" municipality="Blue Mountains" name="In" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">In</location>
|
||
tank bromeliads from the “Upper Cedar Valley”, southern slope of the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="1720ACE7FFCEFFADFB228D18FA230228" box="[1266,1460,330,356]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Blue Mountains</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8FEC760DFFCEFFADFCE08D3CFC0502C4" box="[816,914,366,392]" name="Jamaica" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="92CF505AFFCEFFADFC4E8D3EFC7802C4" box="[926,1007,364,392]" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="2" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" precision="925" value="18.033333">18º2′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="92CF505AFFCEFFADFC268D3EFBCA02C4" box="[1014,1117,364,392]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" precision="925" value="-76.566666">76º34′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFCEFFADFC868DC3FC580111" blockId="12.[816,1464,223,855]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCEFFADFC868DC3FB8302E7" bold="true" box="[854,1044,401,427]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Type material:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="47933CC0FFCEFFADFBF18DC3FC5C0111" collectionCode="LI" country="Austria" county="Relevant" location="Biologiezentrum" municipality="Oberosterreichische Landesmuseum in Linz" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" specimenCount="6" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="E1FDFD14FFCEFFADFBF18DC3FB3402E7" box="[1057,1187,401,427]" count="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" type="generic" typeStatus="holotype">1 holotype</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="E1FDFD14FFCEFFADFB378DC3FAF002E0" box="[1255,1383,401,428]" count="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">5 paratype</specimenCount>
|
||
slides with protargol-impregnated specimens have been deposited in the
|
||
<location id="F2246046FFCEFFADFC0F8D8AFB3302BE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7F52878BFFCEFFB4FF548C8CFA810586:F2246046FFCEFFADFC0F8D8AFB3302BE" box="[991,1188,472,498]" country="Austria" county="Relevant" municipality="Oberosterreichische Landesmuseum in Linz" name="Biologiezentrum" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Biologiezentrum</location>
|
||
of the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="1720ACE7FFCEFFADFB2F8D8AFB00015A" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Oberösterreichische Landesmuseum in Linz</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="91EAAE58FFCEFFADFB7C8DAEFB5B015A" box="[1196,1228,508,534]" country="Austria" name="Biology Centre of the Upper Austrian State Museum - Herbarium" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" type="Herbarium">LI</collectionCode>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8FEC760DFFCEFFADFB348DAEFAA9015A" box="[1252,1342,508,534]" name="Austria" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="1E254E11FFCEFFADFA9E8DAEFA21015A" box="[1358,1462,508,534]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Relevant</collectingCounty>
|
||
specimens have been marked by black ink circles on the coverslip
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BFE16516FFCEFFADFC868E35FB460184" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFCEFFADFC868E35FB460184" blockId="12.[816,1464,223,855]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCEFFADFC868E35FC7001CD" bold="true" box="[854,999,615,641]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
Composite of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFCEFFADFB4C8E35FAD701CD" box="[1180,1344,615,641]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the plant family in whose leaf-tanks it occurs, and
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCEFFADFACE8ED8FAF901E8" box="[1310,1390,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">philum</emphasis>
|
||
, from the Greek adjective
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCEFFADFBCC8EFCFBF30184" box="[1052,1124,686,712]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">philos</emphasis>
|
||
(loving).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BFE16516FFCEFFACFC868E83FAFF0442" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFCEFFACFC868E83FE35060C" blockId="12.[816,1464,223,855]" lastBlockId="13.[124,773,223,1945]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCEFFADFC868E83FC6601A7" bold="true" box="[854,1009,721,747]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Size and length:width ratio highly variable
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCEFFADFCA48EA4FC520043" box="[884,965,758,783]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
and in protargol preparations, depending on culture age and conditions: 90–180 × 20–50 μm
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCEFFADFA708F48FCF6001A" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, usually about 135 × 35 μm (n = 7); length:width ratio 2.4–6.8:1, frequently 4:1; acontractile but very flexible (
|
||
<tableCitation id="BA790326FFCFFFACFF358D51FED60251" box="[229,321,259,285]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="12.[132,188,947,968]" captionText="Table 4. Morphometric data on Spathidium bromeliophilum." pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Shape narrowly spatulate, mid-body circular in cross-section, hyaline anterior region laterally flattened and more or less set off from trunk by the slightly narrowed neck. Anterior end (oral bulge) ordinarily oblique, posterior portion slightly tapering and evenly rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFEAB8DE1FDC60282" box="[379,593,435,462]" captionStart="Figs 7" captionStartId="14.[134,177,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[144,1452,223,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-7@14.[136,1461,223,1637]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 7a–r. Spathidium bromeliophilum from life (a–e, o–p) and after protargol impregnation (f–n, q, r). a – right side view of a representative specimen, length 135 μm. Arrowhead marks end of bristle tail of brush row 3; b, c – the ∞-shaped oral bulge, which is slightly dumbbell-shaped and/or cuneate, is studded with extrusomes. The oblique fibre bundles originate from the circumoral dikinetids; d – two views of the same extrusome, length 5 µm; e – surface view, showing the two size-types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 µm and 0.4 µm; f–j – variability of shape of body and oral bulge whose ventral third is often curved laterally; k, l – a specimen engulfing a Colpoda (k) and another that has just engulfed a Vorticella; m, n – ciliary pattern of right and left side and nuclear apparatus of holotype specimen, length 138 μm; o, p – detail and overview of a resting cyst with inactive contractile vacuole, diameter 42 µm; q, r – ciliary pattern of anterior dorsal and ventral side, showing the isostichad dorsal brush and the wide spacing of the dikinetids in row 3. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, EP – excretory pores, FV – food vacuole, LD – lipid droplets, MA – macronuclear nodules, MI – micronuclei. Scale bars: 40 μm (a, f–n), 20 μm (q–r) and 2 μm (o)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371145/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Figs 7a, f–j, m, n</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFDB08DE1FD0D0281" box="[608,666,435,461]" captionStart="Figs 8" captionStartId="15.[126,169,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[125,1450,223,1759]" captionTargetId="figure-8@15.[125,1450,223,1772]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 8a–g. Spathidium bromeliophilum after protargol impregnation. a, b – right and left side view of the same specimen; c – left side view of a specimen with many small macronuclear nodules; d – anterior dorsal view of the proter from a late divider, showing the isostichad dorsal brush; e–g – anterior right (e) and left (f, g) side views of the specimens shown in Figs (a–c). Arrowheads (f, g) mark nematodesma bundles forming the oral basket. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, F – oral bulge fibres, MA – mac- ronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371147/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">8a–c</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFD798DE1FD5F0281" box="[681,712,435,461]" captionStart="Figs 9" captionStartId="16.[132,175,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[132,1457,223,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[132,1457,223,1753]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 9a–h. Spathidium bromeliophilum in the SEM (a, b) and from life (c–h). a – a slender specimen; b – ventrolateral view, showing the cuneate oral bulge (arrowheads) and circumoral cilia (arrow); c, g – the extrusomes are about 5 μm long and are slightly asymmetrical (c); d–f – type III resting cysts, about 40 μm across. Mature cysts (e) show a thin (~ 1 μm) and smooth wall (opposed arrowheads), separated from the cytoplasm by a ~ 0.5 μm thick hyaline sheet (endocyst?) not recognizable in squashed cysts (f). When degenerated, the cytoplasm detaches from the wall (d); h – surface view showing the two-size types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 μm and 0.4 μm (arrows and ar- rowheads). BU – oral bulge. Scale bars: 40 μm (a), 25 μm (d, e), 10 μm (b) and 5 μm (f, g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371149/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">9a</figureCitation>
|
||
). On average 30 macronuclear nodules scattered throughout cytoplasm; individual nodules globular to ellipsoidal, about 6 × 4 μm in size in protargol preparations. Micronuclei 1.5–2 μm across, scattered between macronuclear nodules, exact number difficult to determine due to similar-sized and impregnated lipid droplets (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFD1F8ED5FF2F0189" captionStart="Figs 7" captionStartId="14.[134,177,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[144,1452,223,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-7@14.[136,1461,223,1637]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 7a–r. Spathidium bromeliophilum from life (a–e, o–p) and after protargol impregnation (f–n, q, r). a – right side view of a representative specimen, length 135 μm. Arrowhead marks end of bristle tail of brush row 3; b, c – the ∞-shaped oral bulge, which is slightly dumbbell-shaped and/or cuneate, is studded with extrusomes. The oblique fibre bundles originate from the circumoral dikinetids; d – two views of the same extrusome, length 5 µm; e – surface view, showing the two size-types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 µm and 0.4 µm; f–j – variability of shape of body and oral bulge whose ventral third is often curved laterally; k, l – a specimen engulfing a Colpoda (k) and another that has just engulfed a Vorticella; m, n – ciliary pattern of right and left side and nuclear apparatus of holotype specimen, length 138 μm; o, p – detail and overview of a resting cyst with inactive contractile vacuole, diameter 42 µm; q, r – ciliary pattern of anterior dorsal and ventral side, showing the isostichad dorsal brush and the wide spacing of the dikinetids in row 3. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, EP – excretory pores, FV – food vacuole, LD – lipid droplets, MA – macronuclear nodules, MI – micronuclei. Scale bars: 40 μm (a, f–n), 20 μm (q–r) and 2 μm (o)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371145/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Figs 7a, n</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFF158EF9FF690189" box="[197,254,683,709]" captionStart="Figs 8" captionStartId="15.[126,169,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[125,1450,223,1759]" captionTargetId="figure-8@15.[125,1450,223,1772]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 8a–g. Spathidium bromeliophilum after protargol impregnation. a, b – right and left side view of the same specimen; c – left side view of a specimen with many small macronuclear nodules; d – anterior dorsal view of the proter from a late divider, showing the isostichad dorsal brush; e–g – anterior right (e) and left (f, g) side views of the specimens shown in Figs (a–c). Arrowheads (f, g) mark nematodesma bundles forming the oral basket. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, F – oral bulge fibres, MA – mac- ronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371147/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">8a–c</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFEDB8EF8FEA20189" box="[267,309,682,709]" captionStart="Figs 15" captionStartId="22.[134,176,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,223,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-7@22.[132,1457,223,1779]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 15a–f. Spathidium bromeliophilum after protargol impregnation. a–d – overview and details of a very late divider, showing the elliptical oral field of the opisthe whose circumoral kinety fragments have not yet aligned ventrally; e, f – post-dividers, showing the threedimensional macronuclear reticulum (e) that breaks into many nodules (f). B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety,F – oral bulge fibres, MA – macronucleus,MI – micronuclei.(Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371169" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371169/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">15f</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="BA790326FFCFFFACFE918EF9FE0C0189" box="[321,411,683,709]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="12.[132,188,947,968]" captionText="Table 4. Morphometric data on Spathidium bromeliophilum." pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Contractile vacuole in posterior body end, with several excretory pores in pole area. Extrusomes bluntly fusiform and asymmetrical, about 5 × 0.5–0.6 μm long
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCFFFACFEA88F47FE5F0062" box="[376,456,789,814]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, studded in oral bulge and scattered in cytoplasm; anterior third usually lightly impregnated with the protargol method used (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFD538F09FD690039" box="[643,766,859,886]" captionStart="Figs 7" captionStartId="14.[134,177,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[144,1452,223,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-7@14.[136,1461,223,1637]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 7a–r. Spathidium bromeliophilum from life (a–e, o–p) and after protargol impregnation (f–n, q, r). a – right side view of a representative specimen, length 135 μm. Arrowhead marks end of bristle tail of brush row 3; b, c – the ∞-shaped oral bulge, which is slightly dumbbell-shaped and/or cuneate, is studded with extrusomes. The oblique fibre bundles originate from the circumoral dikinetids; d – two views of the same extrusome, length 5 µm; e – surface view, showing the two size-types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 µm and 0.4 µm; f–j – variability of shape of body and oral bulge whose ventral third is often curved laterally; k, l – a specimen engulfing a Colpoda (k) and another that has just engulfed a Vorticella; m, n – ciliary pattern of right and left side and nuclear apparatus of holotype specimen, length 138 μm; o, p – detail and overview of a resting cyst with inactive contractile vacuole, diameter 42 µm; q, r – ciliary pattern of anterior dorsal and ventral side, showing the isostichad dorsal brush and the wide spacing of the dikinetids in row 3. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, EP – excretory pores, FV – food vacuole, LD – lipid droplets, MA – macronuclear nodules, MI – micronuclei. Scale bars: 40 μm (a, f–n), 20 μm (q–r) and 2 μm (o)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371145/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Figs 7a, d</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFFAF8F2DFF2A00D5" box="[127,189,895,921]" captionStart="Figs 9" captionStartId="16.[132,175,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[132,1457,223,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[132,1457,223,1753]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 9a–h. Spathidium bromeliophilum in the SEM (a, b) and from life (c–h). a – a slender specimen; b – ventrolateral view, showing the cuneate oral bulge (arrowheads) and circumoral cilia (arrow); c, g – the extrusomes are about 5 μm long and are slightly asymmetrical (c); d–f – type III resting cysts, about 40 μm across. Mature cysts (e) show a thin (~ 1 μm) and smooth wall (opposed arrowheads), separated from the cytoplasm by a ~ 0.5 μm thick hyaline sheet (endocyst?) not recognizable in squashed cysts (f). When degenerated, the cytoplasm detaches from the wall (d); h – surface view showing the two-size types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 μm and 0.4 μm (arrows and ar- rowheads). BU – oral bulge. Scale bars: 40 μm (a), 25 μm (d, e), 10 μm (b) and 5 μm (f, g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371149/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">9c, g</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFF1C8F2CFE8E00D5" box="[204,281,894,921]" captionStart="Figs 13" captionStartId="20.[132,175,1720,1742]" captionTargetBox="[135,1457,231,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[132,1457,223,1659]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs 13a–g. Spathidium bromeliophilum after protargol impregnation. a, b, e – anterior body portion of three specimens, showing the oral bulge whose ventral third is curved laterally in 80% of the specimens (b) and straight in the rest (a, e). Note the oblique microtubule bundles originating from the dikinetids of the circumoral kinety (a) and forming the oral basket (e, arrowheads); c – view of the inflated fission area of a middle divider, showing micronuclear fission and the macronuclear strand that developed by fusion of the macronuclear nodules; d – post-conjugant, showing four macronuclear nodules and the slightly convex oral bulge whose dorsal end is higher than the ventral end; f, g – an early divider, showing a slight body indentation (asterisk) and basal body production in the prospective division zone of most kineties. B – dorsal brush, BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, E – extrusomes, F – oral bulge fibres (microtubule bundles), MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371163/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">13b, e</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cortex very flexible, contains about 10 rows of granules in two size-types (0.2 and 0.4 μm) between each two kineties (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFE7C8F97FD9000AC" box="[428,519,965,992]" captionStart="Figs 7" captionStartId="14.[134,177,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[144,1452,223,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-7@14.[136,1461,223,1637]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 7a–r. Spathidium bromeliophilum from life (a–e, o–p) and after protargol impregnation (f–n, q, r). a – right side view of a representative specimen, length 135 μm. Arrowhead marks end of bristle tail of brush row 3; b, c – the ∞-shaped oral bulge, which is slightly dumbbell-shaped and/or cuneate, is studded with extrusomes. The oblique fibre bundles originate from the circumoral dikinetids; d – two views of the same extrusome, length 5 µm; e – surface view, showing the two size-types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 µm and 0.4 µm; f–j – variability of shape of body and oral bulge whose ventral third is often curved laterally; k, l – a specimen engulfing a Colpoda (k) and another that has just engulfed a Vorticella; m, n – ciliary pattern of right and left side and nuclear apparatus of holotype specimen, length 138 μm; o, p – detail and overview of a resting cyst with inactive contractile vacuole, diameter 42 µm; q, r – ciliary pattern of anterior dorsal and ventral side, showing the isostichad dorsal brush and the wide spacing of the dikinetids in row 3. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, EP – excretory pores, FV – food vacuole, LD – lipid droplets, MA – macronuclear nodules, MI – micronuclei. Scale bars: 40 μm (a, f–n), 20 μm (q–r) and 2 μm (o)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371145/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Figs 7e</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFDC68F97FDA10093" box="[534,566,965,991]" captionStart="Figs 9" captionStartId="16.[132,175,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[132,1457,223,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[132,1457,223,1753]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 9a–h. Spathidium bromeliophilum in the SEM (a, b) and from life (c–h). a – a slender specimen; b – ventrolateral view, showing the cuneate oral bulge (arrowheads) and circumoral cilia (arrow); c, g – the extrusomes are about 5 μm long and are slightly asymmetrical (c); d–f – type III resting cysts, about 40 μm across. Mature cysts (e) show a thin (~ 1 μm) and smooth wall (opposed arrowheads), separated from the cytoplasm by a ~ 0.5 μm thick hyaline sheet (endocyst?) not recognizable in squashed cysts (f). When degenerated, the cytoplasm detaches from the wall (d); h – surface view showing the two-size types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 μm and 0.4 μm (arrows and ar- rowheads). BU – oral bulge. Scale bars: 40 μm (a), 25 μm (d, e), 10 μm (b) and 5 μm (f, g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371149/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">9h</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cytoplasm colourless, more or less packed with lipid droplets up to 10 μm across and food vacuoles with granular contents, except for flattened and hyaline neck region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFD4D887DFD620705" box="[669,757,1071,1097]" captionStart="Figs 7" captionStartId="14.[134,177,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[144,1452,223,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-7@14.[136,1461,223,1637]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 7a–r. Spathidium bromeliophilum from life (a–e, o–p) and after protargol impregnation (f–n, q, r). a – right side view of a representative specimen, length 135 μm. Arrowhead marks end of bristle tail of brush row 3; b, c – the ∞-shaped oral bulge, which is slightly dumbbell-shaped and/or cuneate, is studded with extrusomes. The oblique fibre bundles originate from the circumoral dikinetids; d – two views of the same extrusome, length 5 µm; e – surface view, showing the two size-types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 µm and 0.4 µm; f–j – variability of shape of body and oral bulge whose ventral third is often curved laterally; k, l – a specimen engulfing a Colpoda (k) and another that has just engulfed a Vorticella; m, n – ciliary pattern of right and left side and nuclear apparatus of holotype specimen, length 138 μm; o, p – detail and overview of a resting cyst with inactive contractile vacuole, diameter 42 µm; q, r – ciliary pattern of anterior dorsal and ventral side, showing the isostichad dorsal brush and the wide spacing of the dikinetids in row 3. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, EP – excretory pores, FV – food vacuole, LD – lipid droplets, MA – macronuclear nodules, MI – micronuclei. Scale bars: 40 μm (a, f–n), 20 μm (q–r) and 2 μm (o)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371145/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Fig. 7a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Feeds on medium-sized ciliates (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFCFFFACFDDE8800FD270721" box="[526,688,1106,1133]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Loxophyllidae" genus="Colpoda" kingdom="Chromista" order="Pleurostomatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCFFFACFDDE8800FDE40720" box="[526,627,1106,1132]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Colpoda</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFCFFFACFD108801FF7707DC" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Didiniidae" genus="Vorticella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Haptorida" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCFFFACFD108801FF2107DC" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Vorticella</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), flagellates, and naked amoebae, the latter be- ing engulfed within about 30 seconds, whereby the oral bulge centre opens and the prey glides into a bursiform sac soon becoming a globular food vacuole (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFD7088B2FF100651" captionStart="Figs 7" captionStartId="14.[134,177,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[144,1452,223,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-7@14.[136,1461,223,1637]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 7a–r. Spathidium bromeliophilum from life (a–e, o–p) and after protargol impregnation (f–n, q, r). a – right side view of a representative specimen, length 135 μm. Arrowhead marks end of bristle tail of brush row 3; b, c – the ∞-shaped oral bulge, which is slightly dumbbell-shaped and/or cuneate, is studded with extrusomes. The oblique fibre bundles originate from the circumoral dikinetids; d – two views of the same extrusome, length 5 µm; e – surface view, showing the two size-types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 µm and 0.4 µm; f–j – variability of shape of body and oral bulge whose ventral third is often curved laterally; k, l – a specimen engulfing a Colpoda (k) and another that has just engulfed a Vorticella; m, n – ciliary pattern of right and left side and nuclear apparatus of holotype specimen, length 138 μm; o, p – detail and overview of a resting cyst with inactive contractile vacuole, diameter 42 µm; q, r – ciliary pattern of anterior dorsal and ventral side, showing the isostichad dorsal brush and the wide spacing of the dikinetids in row 3. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, EP – excretory pores, FV – food vacuole, LD – lipid droplets, MA – macronuclear nodules, MI – micronuclei. Scale bars: 40 μm (a, f–n), 20 μm (q–r) and 2 μm (o)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371145/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Figs 7k, l</figureCitation>
|
||
). Wriggles in slimy bacterial and protozoan masses, showing great flexibility.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A3846615FFCEFFADFF548FE1FD5E0085" box="[132,713,947,969]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" startId="12.[132,188,947,968]" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFCEFFADFF548FE1FD5E0085" blockId="12.[132,713,947,969]" box="[132,713,947,969]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCEFFADFF548FE1FF420084" bold="true" box="[132,213,947,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Table 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric data on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFCEFFADFE678FE1FD540084" authorityName="Foissner & Wolf & Kumar & Quintela-Alonso" authorityYear="2014" box="[439,707,947,968]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bromeliophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCEFFADFE678FE1FD540084" box="[439,707,947,968]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Spathidium bromeliophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFCEFFADFF548FBBFA04047A" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<table id="85FBC43DFFCE005EFF548FBAFA04047B" box="[132,1427,1000,1847]" colsContinueFrom="7.[125,1420,276,1650]" colsContinueIn="24.[132,1430,962,1847]" gridcols="9" gridrows="23" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<tr id="49CB34DFFFCE005EFF548FBAFA0400B3" box="[132,1427,1000,1023]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFF548FBAFD4900B3" box="[132,734,1000,1023]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Characteristicsa</th>
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCDA8FBAFCAD00B3" box="[778,826,1000,1023]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCEFFADFCCC8FBEFCB100B3" box="[796,806,1004,1023]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">x̄</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCB28FBAFC0500B3" box="[866,914,1000,1023]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">M</th>
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFC148FBAFC7C00B3" box="[964,1003,1000,1023]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">SD</th>
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBCD8FBAFBD400B3" box="[1053,1091,1000,1023]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">SE</th>
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBA38FBAFB0C00B3" box="[1139,1179,1000,1023]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">CV</th>
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFB138FBAFB6300B3" box="[1219,1268,1000,1023]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Min</th>
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFACB8FBAFADB00B3" box="[1307,1356,1000,1023]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Max</th>
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFAAE8FBAFA0400B3" box="[1406,1427,1000,1023]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">n</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49CB34DFFFCE005EFF548843FA040768" box="[132,1427,1041,1060]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFF548843FD490768" box="[132,734,1041,1060]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Body, length, µm</th>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCDA8843FCAD0768" box="[778,826,1041,1060]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">125.1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCB28843FC050768" box="[866,914,1041,1060]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">124.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFC148843FC7C0768" box="[964,1003,1041,1060]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">12.9</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBCD8843FBD40768" box="[1053,1091,1041,1060]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBA38843FB0C0768" box="[1139,1179,1041,1060]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">10.3</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFB138843FB630768" box="[1219,1268,1041,1060]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">108.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFACB8843FADB0768" box="[1307,1356,1041,1060]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">156.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFAAE8843FA040768" box="[1406,1427,1041,1060]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49CB34DFFFCE005EFF548864FA040706" box="[132,1427,1078,1098]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFF548864FD490706" box="[132,734,1078,1098]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Body, width, µm</th>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCDA8864FCAD0706" box="[778,826,1078,1098]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">30.8</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCB28864FC050706" box="[866,914,1078,1098]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">28.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFC148864FC7C0706" box="[964,1003,1078,1098]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">5.5</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBCD8864FBD40706" box="[1053,1091,1078,1098]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">1.1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBA38864FB0C0706" box="[1139,1179,1078,1098]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">17.8</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFB138864FB630706" box="[1219,1268,1078,1098]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">26.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFACB8864FADB0706" box="[1307,1356,1078,1098]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">44.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFAAE8864FA040706" box="[1406,1427,1078,1098]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49CB34DFFFCE005EFF548809FA040723" box="[132,1427,1115,1135]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFF548809FD490723" box="[132,734,1115,1135]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Body length:width, ratio</th>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCDA8809FCAD0723" box="[778,826,1115,1135]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">4.2</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCB28809FC050723" box="[866,914,1115,1135]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">4.4</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFC148809FC7C0723" box="[964,1003,1115,1135]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.9</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBCD8809FBD40723" box="[1053,1091,1115,1135]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBA38809FB0C0723" box="[1139,1179,1115,1135]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">21.7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFB138809FB630723" box="[1219,1268,1115,1135]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">2.6</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFACB8809FADB0723" box="[1307,1356,1115,1135]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">5.6</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFAAE8809FA040723" box="[1406,1427,1115,1135]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49CB34DFFFCE005EFF5488D3FA0407D8" box="[132,1427,1153,1172]" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFF5488D3FD4907D8" box="[132,734,1153,1172]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Oral bulge, length, µm</th>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCDA88D3FCAD07D8" box="[778,826,1153,1172]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">32.8</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCB288D3FC0507D8" box="[866,914,1153,1172]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">33.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFC1488D3FC7C07D8" box="[964,1003,1153,1172]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">2.9</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBCD88D3FBD407D8" box="[1053,1091,1153,1172]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBA388D3FB0C07D8" box="[1139,1179,1153,1172]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">9.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFB1388D3FB6307D8" box="[1219,1268,1153,1172]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">28.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFACB88D3FADB07D8" box="[1307,1356,1153,1172]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">37.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFAAE88D3FA0407D8" box="[1406,1427,1153,1172]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49CB34DFFFCE005EFF5488F4FA0407F6" box="[132,1427,1190,1210]" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFF5488F4FD4907F6" box="[132,734,1190,1210]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Oral bulge (circumoral kinety), width, µm</th>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCDA88F4FCAD07F6" box="[778,826,1190,1210]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">8.6</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCB288F4FC0507F6" box="[866,914,1190,1210]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">9.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFC1488F4FC7C07F6" box="[964,1003,1190,1210]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">1.2</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBCD88F4FBD407F6" box="[1053,1091,1190,1210]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBA388F4FB0C07F6" box="[1139,1179,1190,1210]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">14.2</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFB1388F4FB6307F6" box="[1219,1268,1190,1210]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">6.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFACB88F4FADB07F6" box="[1307,1356,1190,1210]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">11.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFAAE88F4FA0407F6" box="[1406,1427,1190,1210]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49CB34DFFFCE005EFF54889EFA040793" box="[132,1427,1228,1247]" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFF54889EFD490793" box="[132,734,1228,1247]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Oral bulge, height, µm</th>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCDA889EFCAD0793" box="[778,826,1228,1247]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCB2889EFC050793" box="[866,914,1228,1247]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">2.8</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFC14889EFC7C0793" box="[964,1003,1228,1247]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBCD889EFBD40793" box="[1053,1091,1228,1247]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBA3889EFB0C0793" box="[1139,1179,1228,1247]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">13.9</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFB13889EFB630793" box="[1219,1268,1228,1247]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFACB889EFADB0793" box="[1307,1356,1228,1247]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">3.3</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFAAE889EFA040793" box="[1406,1427,1228,1247]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49CB34DFFFCE005EFF5488A3FA040649" box="[132,1427,1265,1285]" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFF5488A3FD490649" box="[132,734,1265,1285]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Body length:length of oral bulge, ratio</th>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCDA88A3FCAD0649" box="[778,826,1265,1285]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">3.8</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCB288A3FC050649" box="[866,914,1265,1285]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">3.8</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFC1488A3FC7C0649" box="[964,1003,1265,1285]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBCD88A3FBD40649" box="[1053,1091,1265,1285]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBA388A3FB0C0649" box="[1139,1179,1265,1285]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">9.6</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFB1388A3FB630649" box="[1219,1268,1265,1285]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">3.1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFACB88A3FADB0649" box="[1307,1356,1265,1285]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">4.7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFAAE88A3FA040649" box="[1406,1427,1265,1285]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49CB34DFFFCE005EFF548945FA040666" box="[132,1427,1303,1322]" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFF548945FD490666" box="[132,734,1303,1322]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Oral bulge length:body width, ratio</th>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCDA8945FCAD0666" box="[778,826,1303,1322]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">1.1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCB28945FC050666" box="[866,914,1303,1322]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">1.1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFC148945FC7C0666" box="[964,1003,1303,1322]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBCD8945FBD40666" box="[1053,1091,1303,1322]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBA38945FB0C0666" box="[1139,1179,1303,1322]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">18.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFB138945FB630666" box="[1219,1268,1303,1322]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFACB8945FADB0666" box="[1307,1356,1303,1322]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">1.4</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFAAE8945FA040666" box="[1406,1427,1303,1322]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49CB34DFFFCE005EFF54896EFA04061C" box="[132,1427,1340,1360]" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFF54896EFD49061C" box="[132,734,1340,1360]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Circumoral kinety to last dikinetid of dorsal brush row 1, distance, µm</th>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCDA896EFCAD061C" box="[778,826,1340,1360]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">21.8</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCB2896EFC05061C" box="[866,914,1340,1360]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">23.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFC14896EFC7C061C" box="[964,1003,1340,1360]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">3.2</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBCD896EFBD4061C" box="[1053,1091,1340,1360]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBA3896EFB0C061C" box="[1139,1179,1340,1360]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">14.6</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFB13896EFB63061C" box="[1219,1268,1340,1360]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">16.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFACB896EFADB061C" box="[1307,1356,1340,1360]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">27.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFAAE896EFA04061C" box="[1406,1427,1340,1360]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49CB34DFFFCE005EFF548930FA040639" box="[132,1427,1378,1397]" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFF548930FD490639" box="[132,734,1378,1397]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Circumoral kinety to last dikinetid of dorsal brush row 2, distance, µm</th>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCDA8930FCAD0639" box="[778,826,1378,1397]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">27.1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCB28930FC050639" box="[866,914,1378,1397]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">27.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFC148930FC7C0639" box="[964,1003,1378,1397]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">3.3</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBCD8930FBD40639" box="[1053,1091,1378,1397]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBA38930FB0C0639" box="[1139,1179,1378,1397]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">12.3</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFB138930FB630639" box="[1219,1268,1378,1397]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">21.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFACB8930FADB0639" box="[1307,1356,1378,1397]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">32.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFAAE8930FA040639" box="[1406,1427,1378,1397]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49CB34DFFFCE005EFF5489D5FA0406D7" box="[132,1427,1415,1435]" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFF5489D5FD4906D7" box="[132,734,1415,1435]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Circumoral kinety to last dikinetid of dorsal brush row 3, distance, µm</th>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCDA89D5FCAD06D7" box="[778,826,1415,1435]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">26.2</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCB289D5FC0506D7" box="[866,914,1415,1435]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">26.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFC1489D5FC7C06D7" box="[964,1003,1415,1435]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">3.8</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBCD89D5FBD406D7" box="[1053,1091,1415,1435]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.8</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBA389D5FB0C06D7" box="[1139,1179,1415,1435]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">14.6</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFB1389D5FB6306D7" box="[1219,1268,1415,1435]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">19.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFACB89D5FADB06D7" box="[1307,1356,1415,1435]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">34.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFAAE89D5FA0406D7" box="[1406,1427,1415,1435]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49CB34DFFFCE005EFF5489FFFA04068C" box="[132,1427,1453,1472]" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFF5489FFFD49068C" box="[132,734,1453,1472]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Anterior body end to first macronuclear nodule, distance, µm</th>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCDA89FFFCAD068C" box="[778,826,1453,1472]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">32.7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCB289FFFC05068C" box="[866,914,1453,1472]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">32.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFC1489FFFC7C068C" box="[964,1003,1453,1472]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">5.3</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBCD89FFFBD4068C" box="[1053,1091,1453,1472]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">1.1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBA389FFFB0C068C" box="[1139,1179,1453,1472]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">16.1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFB1389FFFB63068C" box="[1219,1268,1453,1472]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">22.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFACB89FFFADB068C" box="[1307,1356,1453,1472]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">42.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFAAE89FFFA04068C" box="[1406,1427,1453,1472]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49CB34DFFFCE005EFF548980FA0406AA" box="[132,1427,1490,1510]" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFF548980FD4906AA" box="[132,734,1490,1510]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Macronuclear nodules, length, µm</th>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCDA8980FCAD06AA" box="[778,826,1490,1510]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">6.2</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCB28980FC0506AA" box="[866,914,1490,1510]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">6.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFC148980FC7C06AA" box="[964,1003,1490,1510]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">1.1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBCD8980FBD406AA" box="[1053,1091,1490,1510]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBA38980FB0C06AA" box="[1139,1179,1490,1510]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">17.6</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFB138980FB6306AA" box="[1219,1268,1490,1510]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">5.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFACB8980FADB06AA" box="[1307,1356,1490,1510]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">8.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFAAE8980FA0406AA" box="[1406,1427,1490,1510]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49CB34DFFFCE005EFF5489AAFA040547" box="[132,1427,1528,1547]" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFF5489AAFD490547" box="[132,734,1528,1547]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Macronuclear nodules, width, µm</th>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCDA89AAFCAD0547" box="[778,826,1528,1547]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">3.8</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCB289AAFC050547" box="[866,914,1528,1547]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">4.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFC1489AAFC7C0547" box="[964,1003,1528,1547]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.9</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBCD89AAFBD40547" box="[1053,1091,1528,1547]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBA389AAFB0C0547" box="[1139,1179,1528,1547]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">24.7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFB1389AAFB630547" box="[1219,1268,1528,1547]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFACB89AAFADB0547" box="[1307,1356,1528,1547]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">7.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFAAE89AAFA040547" box="[1406,1427,1528,1547]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49CB34DFFFCE005EFF548A4FFA04057C" box="[132,1427,1565,1584]" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFF548A4FFD49057C" box="[132,734,1565,1584]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Macronuclear nodules, number</th>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCDA8A4FFCAD057C" box="[778,826,1565,1584]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">30.5</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCB28A4FFC05057C" box="[866,914,1565,1584]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">30.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFC148A4FFC7C057C" box="[964,1003,1565,1584]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">7.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBCD8A4FFBD4057C" box="[1053,1091,1565,1584]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">1.5</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBA38A4FFB0C057C" box="[1139,1179,1565,1584]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">23.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFB138A4FFB63057C" box="[1219,1268,1565,1584]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">17.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFACB8A4FFADB057C" box="[1307,1356,1565,1584]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">41.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFAAE8A4FFA04057C" box="[1406,1427,1565,1584]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49CB34DFFFCE005EFF548A11FA04051A" box="[132,1427,1603,1622]" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFF548A11FD49051A" box="[132,734,1603,1622]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Somatic ciliary rows, number</th>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCDA8A11FCAD051A" box="[778,826,1603,1622]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">17.1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCB28A11FC05051A" box="[866,914,1603,1622]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">17.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFC148A11FC7C051A" box="[964,1003,1603,1622]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">1.4</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBCD8A11FBD4051A" box="[1053,1091,1603,1622]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBA38A11FB0C051A" box="[1139,1179,1603,1622]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">8.3</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFB138A11FB63051A" box="[1219,1268,1603,1622]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">15.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFACB8A11FADB051A" box="[1307,1356,1603,1622]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">21.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFAAE8A11FA04051A" box="[1406,1427,1603,1622]" gridcol="8" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49CB34DFFFCE005EFF548A3AFA040530" box="[132,1427,1640,1660]" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFF548A3AFD490530" box="[132,734,1640,1660]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Ciliated kinetids in a right side kinety, number</th>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCDA8A3AFCAD0530" box="[778,826,1640,1660]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">54.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCB28A3AFC050530" box="[866,914,1640,1660]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">51.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFC148A3AFC7C0530" box="[964,1003,1640,1660]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">8.7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBCD8A3AFBD40530" box="[1053,1091,1640,1660]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBA38A3AFB0C0530" box="[1139,1179,1640,1660]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">16.1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFB138A3AFB630530" box="[1219,1268,1640,1660]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">44.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFACB8A3AFADB0530" box="[1307,1356,1640,1660]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">72.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFAAE8A3AFA040530" box="[1406,1427,1640,1660]" gridcol="8" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49CB34DFFFCE005EFF548ADCFA0405ED" box="[132,1427,1678,1697]" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFF548ADCFD4905ED" box="[132,734,1678,1697]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Dorsal brush rows, number</th>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCDA8ADCFCAD05ED" box="[778,826,1678,1697]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCB28ADCFC0505ED" box="[866,914,1678,1697]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFC148ADCFC7C05ED" box="[964,1003,1678,1697]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBCD8ADCFBD405ED" box="[1053,1091,1678,1697]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBA38ADCFB0C05ED" box="[1139,1179,1678,1697]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFB138ADCFB6305ED" box="[1219,1268,1678,1697]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFACB8ADCFADB05ED" box="[1307,1356,1678,1697]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFAAE8ADCFA0405ED" box="[1406,1427,1678,1697]" gridcol="8" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">23</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49CB34DFFFCE005EFF548AE1FA04058B" box="[132,1427,1715,1735]" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFF548AE1FD49058B" box="[132,734,1715,1735]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Dikinetids in dorsal brush row 1, number</th>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCDA8AE1FCAD058B" box="[778,826,1715,1735]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">16.8</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCB28AE1FC05058B" box="[866,914,1715,1735]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">18.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFC148AE1FC7C058B" box="[964,1003,1715,1735]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">2.4</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBCD8AE1FBD4058B" box="[1053,1091,1715,1735]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBA38AE1FB0C058B" box="[1139,1179,1715,1735]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">14.5</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFB138AE1FB63058B" box="[1219,1268,1715,1735]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">13.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFACB8AE1FADB058B" box="[1307,1356,1715,1735]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">21.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFAAE8AE1FA04058B" box="[1406,1427,1715,1735]" gridcol="8" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49CB34DFFFCE005EFF548A8BFA0405A0" box="[132,1427,1753,1772]" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFF548A8BFD4905A0" box="[132,734,1753,1772]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Dikinetids in dorsal brush row 2, number</th>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCDA8A8BFCAD05A0" box="[778,826,1753,1772]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">23.3</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCB28A8BFC0505A0" box="[866,914,1753,1772]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">22.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFC148A8BFC7C05A0" box="[964,1003,1753,1772]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">3.7</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBCD8A8BFBD405A0" box="[1053,1091,1753,1772]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.8</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBA38A8BFB0C05A0" box="[1139,1179,1753,1772]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">16.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFB138A8BFB6305A0" box="[1219,1268,1753,1772]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">18.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFACB8A8BFADB05A0" box="[1307,1356,1753,1772]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">30.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFAAE8A8BFA0405A0" box="[1406,1427,1753,1772]" gridcol="8" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49CB34DFFFCE005EFF548AACFA04045D" box="[132,1427,1790,1809]" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFF548AACFD49045D" box="[132,734,1790,1809]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Dikinetids in dorsal brush row 3, number</th>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCDA8AACFCAD045D" box="[778,826,1790,1809]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">16.9</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCB28AACFC05045D" box="[866,914,1790,1809]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">17.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFC148AACFC7C045D" box="[964,1003,1790,1809]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBCD8AACFBD4045D" box="[1053,1091,1790,1809]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBA38AACFB0C045D" box="[1139,1179,1790,1809]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">12.5</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFB138AACFB63045D" box="[1219,1268,1790,1809]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">14.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFACB8AACFADB045D" box="[1307,1356,1790,1809]" gridcol="7" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">22.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFAAE8AACFA04045D" box="[1406,1427,1790,1809]" gridcol="8" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49CB34DFFFCE005EFF548B71FA04047B" box="[132,1427,1827,1847]" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<th id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFF548B71FD49047B" box="[132,734,1827,1847]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
Resting cysts, diameter
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCEFFADFE808B76FE1D047A" box="[336,394,1828,1846]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, µm
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCDA8B71FCAD047B" box="[778,826,1827,1847]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">41.4</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFCB28B71FC05047B" box="[866,914,1827,1847]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">42.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFC148B71FC7C047B" box="[964,1003,1827,1847]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBCD8B71FBD4047B" box="[1053,1091,1827,1847]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">0.8</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFBA38B71FB0C047B" box="[1139,1179,1827,1847]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">7.2</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFB138B71FB63047B" box="[1219,1268,1827,1847]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">38.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFACB8B71FADB047B" box="[1307,1356,1827,1847]" gridcol="7" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">47.0</td>
|
||
<td id="0A1A5DA3FFCE005EFAAE8B71FA04047B" box="[1406,1427,1827,1847]" gridcol="8" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFCEFFADFF548B1FFD1E04DB" blockId="12.[132,1464,1869,1944]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<tableNote id="0A1D3713FFCEFFADFF548B1FFD1E04DB" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" targetBox="[132,1427,1000,1847]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<superScript id="008E9BD5FFCEFFADFF548B1FFF1D0415" attach="left" box="[132,138,1869,1881]" fontSize="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">a</superScript>
|
||
Data based, if not mentioned otherwise, on mounted, protargol-impregnated (Foissner’s method), and randomly selected specimens from a semipure culture. CV – coefficient of variation in %, M – median, Max – maximum, Min – minimum, n – number of specimens investigated, SD – standard deviation, SE – standard error of arithmetic mean,
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCEFFADFE0B8BD7FE7204D4" box="[475,485,1925,1944]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">x̄</emphasis>
|
||
– arithmetic mean.
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFCFFFACFF738918FA98022E" blockId="13.[124,773,223,1945]" lastBlockId="13.[807,1458,223,1325]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">
|
||
Cilia about 8 µm long
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCFFFACFE1B8919FDB70628" box="[459,544,1355,1380]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, ordinarily spaced (~ 2.5 µm), arranged in an average of 17 ordinarily spaced, equidistant rows (~ 5.7 µm in protargol preparations); those of right side attached to circumoral kinety in acute angles and with 2–7 closely spaced cilia in anterior region, those of left side abutting at nearly right angles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFEC68A4CFE220574" box="[278,437,1566,1592]" captionStart="Figs 7" captionStartId="14.[134,177,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[144,1452,223,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-7@14.[136,1461,223,1637]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 7a–r. Spathidium bromeliophilum from life (a–e, o–p) and after protargol impregnation (f–n, q, r). a – right side view of a representative specimen, length 135 μm. Arrowhead marks end of bristle tail of brush row 3; b, c – the ∞-shaped oral bulge, which is slightly dumbbell-shaped and/or cuneate, is studded with extrusomes. The oblique fibre bundles originate from the circumoral dikinetids; d – two views of the same extrusome, length 5 µm; e – surface view, showing the two size-types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 µm and 0.4 µm; f–j – variability of shape of body and oral bulge whose ventral third is often curved laterally; k, l – a specimen engulfing a Colpoda (k) and another that has just engulfed a Vorticella; m, n – ciliary pattern of right and left side and nuclear apparatus of holotype specimen, length 138 μm; o, p – detail and overview of a resting cyst with inactive contractile vacuole, diameter 42 µm; q, r – ciliary pattern of anterior dorsal and ventral side, showing the isostichad dorsal brush and the wide spacing of the dikinetids in row 3. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, EP – excretory pores, FV – food vacuole, LD – lipid droplets, MA – macronuclear nodules, MI – micronuclei. Scale bars: 40 μm (a, f–n), 20 μm (q–r) and 2 μm (o)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371145/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Figs 7a, m, n</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFE138A4CFDA10574" box="[451,566,1566,1592]" captionStart="Figs 8" captionStartId="15.[126,169,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[125,1450,223,1759]" captionTargetId="figure-8@15.[125,1450,223,1772]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 8a–g. Spathidium bromeliophilum after protargol impregnation. a, b – right and left side view of the same specimen; c – left side view of a specimen with many small macronuclear nodules; d – anterior dorsal view of the proter from a late divider, showing the isostichad dorsal brush; e–g – anterior right (e) and left (f, g) side views of the specimens shown in Figs (a–c). Arrowheads (f, g) mark nematodesma bundles forming the oral basket. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, F – oral bulge fibres, MA – mac- ronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371147/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">8a–c, e–g</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFD938A4CFD170574" box="[579,640,1566,1592]" captionStart="Figs 9" captionStartId="16.[132,175,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[132,1457,223,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[132,1457,223,1753]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 9a–h. Spathidium bromeliophilum in the SEM (a, b) and from life (c–h). a – a slender specimen; b – ventrolateral view, showing the cuneate oral bulge (arrowheads) and circumoral cilia (arrow); c, g – the extrusomes are about 5 μm long and are slightly asymmetrical (c); d–f – type III resting cysts, about 40 μm across. Mature cysts (e) show a thin (~ 1 μm) and smooth wall (opposed arrowheads), separated from the cytoplasm by a ~ 0.5 μm thick hyaline sheet (endocyst?) not recognizable in squashed cysts (f). When degenerated, the cytoplasm detaches from the wall (d); h – surface view showing the two-size types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 μm and 0.4 μm (arrows and ar- rowheads). BU – oral bulge. Scale bars: 40 μm (a), 25 μm (d, e), 10 μm (b) and 5 μm (f, g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371149/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">9a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFD5D8A4CFD610574" box="[653,758,1566,1592]" captionStart="Figs 13" captionStartId="20.[132,175,1720,1742]" captionTargetBox="[135,1457,231,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[132,1457,223,1659]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs 13a–g. Spathidium bromeliophilum after protargol impregnation. a, b, e – anterior body portion of three specimens, showing the oral bulge whose ventral third is curved laterally in 80% of the specimens (b) and straight in the rest (a, e). Note the oblique microtubule bundles originating from the dikinetids of the circumoral kinety (a) and forming the oral basket (e, arrowheads); c – view of the inflated fission area of a middle divider, showing micronuclear fission and the macronuclear strand that developed by fusion of the macronuclear nodules; d – post-conjugant, showing four macronuclear nodules and the slightly convex oral bulge whose dorsal end is higher than the ventral end; f, g – an early divider, showing a slight body indentation (asterisk) and basal body production in the prospective division zone of most kineties. B – dorsal brush, BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, E – extrusomes, F – oral bulge fibres (microtubule bundles), MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371163/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">13a, b, e</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal brush three-rowed, rarely a fourth row occurs, comparatively short because occupying on average only 22% of body length; isostichad, i.e., all rows of similar length; inconspicuous because bristles only up to 2.5 µm long and as thin as ordinary somatic cilia; all rows with an anterior tail of 4–8 densely spaced monokinetids; tail rarely lacking. Shortest brush row 1 about 22 µm long and composed of 17 dikinetids, rows 2 and 3 of very similar length (27 µm vs. 26 µm on average) but different in number and spacing of dikinetids, i.e., 23 ordinarily spaced (0.7–1.5 µm) and 17 widely spaced (≥ 1.5 µm) dikinetids, respectively; row 3 continues to mid-body with a monokinetidal tail of 2–2.5 μm long bristles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFC5A8D15FBB4022E" box="[906,1059,327,354]" captionStart="Figs 7" captionStartId="14.[134,177,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[144,1452,223,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-7@14.[136,1461,223,1637]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 7a–r. Spathidium bromeliophilum from life (a–e, o–p) and after protargol impregnation (f–n, q, r). a – right side view of a representative specimen, length 135 μm. Arrowhead marks end of bristle tail of brush row 3; b, c – the ∞-shaped oral bulge, which is slightly dumbbell-shaped and/or cuneate, is studded with extrusomes. The oblique fibre bundles originate from the circumoral dikinetids; d – two views of the same extrusome, length 5 µm; e – surface view, showing the two size-types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 µm and 0.4 µm; f–j – variability of shape of body and oral bulge whose ventral third is often curved laterally; k, l – a specimen engulfing a Colpoda (k) and another that has just engulfed a Vorticella; m, n – ciliary pattern of right and left side and nuclear apparatus of holotype specimen, length 138 μm; o, p – detail and overview of a resting cyst with inactive contractile vacuole, diameter 42 µm; q, r – ciliary pattern of anterior dorsal and ventral side, showing the isostichad dorsal brush and the wide spacing of the dikinetids in row 3. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, EP – excretory pores, FV – food vacuole, LD – lipid droplets, MA – macronuclear nodules, MI – micronuclei. Scale bars: 40 μm (a, f–n), 20 μm (q–r) and 2 μm (o)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371145/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Figs 7a, m, q</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFBFE8D15FB09022E" box="[1070,1182,327,354]" captionStart="Figs 8" captionStartId="15.[126,169,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[125,1450,223,1759]" captionTargetId="figure-8@15.[125,1450,223,1772]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 8a–g. Spathidium bromeliophilum after protargol impregnation. a, b – right and left side view of the same specimen; c – left side view of a specimen with many small macronuclear nodules; d – anterior dorsal view of the proter from a late divider, showing the isostichad dorsal brush; e–g – anterior right (e) and left (f, g) side views of the specimens shown in Figs (a–c). Arrowheads (f, g) mark nematodesma bundles forming the oral basket. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, F – oral bulge fibres, MA – mac- ronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371147/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">8b–d, f, g</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="BA790326FFCFFFACFB7A8D15FA96022E" box="[1194,1281,327,354]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="12.[132,188,947,968]" captionText="Table 4. Morphometric data on Spathidium bromeliophilum." pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFCFFFACFC9F8D38FC5D000B" blockId="13.[807,1458,223,1325]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">
|
||
Oral bulge slightly longer than body width on average, inclined about 45º to ventral side, flat to indistinctly convex with dorsal end slightly higher than ventral, slightly cuneate to dumbbell-shaped with bluntly point- ed ventral end; ventral half more or less curved laterally in 80% of specimens, straight in the rest; bright because packed with extrusomes; obliquely striated due to microtubule bundles originating from circumoral kinety; without temporary cytostome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFB4A8ED2FACA01D6" box="[1178,1373,640,666]" captionStart="Figs 7" captionStartId="14.[134,177,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[144,1452,223,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-7@14.[136,1461,223,1637]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 7a–r. Spathidium bromeliophilum from life (a–e, o–p) and after protargol impregnation (f–n, q, r). a – right side view of a representative specimen, length 135 μm. Arrowhead marks end of bristle tail of brush row 3; b, c – the ∞-shaped oral bulge, which is slightly dumbbell-shaped and/or cuneate, is studded with extrusomes. The oblique fibre bundles originate from the circumoral dikinetids; d – two views of the same extrusome, length 5 µm; e – surface view, showing the two size-types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 µm and 0.4 µm; f–j – variability of shape of body and oral bulge whose ventral third is often curved laterally; k, l – a specimen engulfing a Colpoda (k) and another that has just engulfed a Vorticella; m, n – ciliary pattern of right and left side and nuclear apparatus of holotype specimen, length 138 μm; o, p – detail and overview of a resting cyst with inactive contractile vacuole, diameter 42 µm; q, r – ciliary pattern of anterior dorsal and ventral side, showing the isostichad dorsal brush and the wide spacing of the dikinetids in row 3. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, EP – excretory pores, FV – food vacuole, LD – lipid droplets, MA – macronuclear nodules, MI – micronuclei. Scale bars: 40 μm (a, f–n), 20 μm (q–r) and 2 μm (o)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371145/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Figs 7a–c, f–j, r</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFABC8ED2FCC401F0" captionStart="Figs 8" captionStartId="15.[126,169,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[125,1450,223,1759]" captionTargetId="figure-8@15.[125,1450,223,1772]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 8a–g. Spathidium bromeliophilum after protargol impregnation. a, b – right and left side view of the same specimen; c – left side view of a specimen with many small macronuclear nodules; d – anterior dorsal view of the proter from a late divider, showing the isostichad dorsal brush; e–g – anterior right (e) and left (f, g) side views of the specimens shown in Figs (a–c). Arrowheads (f, g) mark nematodesma bundles forming the oral basket. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, F – oral bulge fibres, MA – mac- ronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371147/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">8a, b, e, f</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFCB28EF1FC3701F0" box="[866,928,674,701]" captionStart="Figs 9" captionStartId="16.[132,175,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[132,1457,223,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[132,1457,223,1753]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 9a–h. Spathidium bromeliophilum in the SEM (a, b) and from life (c–h). a – a slender specimen; b – ventrolateral view, showing the cuneate oral bulge (arrowheads) and circumoral cilia (arrow); c, g – the extrusomes are about 5 μm long and are slightly asymmetrical (c); d–f – type III resting cysts, about 40 μm across. Mature cysts (e) show a thin (~ 1 μm) and smooth wall (opposed arrowheads), separated from the cytoplasm by a ~ 0.5 μm thick hyaline sheet (endocyst?) not recognizable in squashed cysts (f). When degenerated, the cytoplasm detaches from the wall (d); h – surface view showing the two-size types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 μm and 0.4 μm (arrows and ar- rowheads). BU – oral bulge. Scale bars: 40 μm (a), 25 μm (d, e), 10 μm (b) and 5 μm (f, g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371149/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">9a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFC7F8EF1FB8D01F1" box="[943,1050,674,701]" captionStart="Figs 13" captionStartId="20.[132,175,1720,1742]" captionTargetBox="[135,1457,231,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[132,1457,223,1659]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs 13a–g. Spathidium bromeliophilum after protargol impregnation. a, b, e – anterior body portion of three specimens, showing the oral bulge whose ventral third is curved laterally in 80% of the specimens (b) and straight in the rest (a, e). Note the oblique microtubule bundles originating from the dikinetids of the circumoral kinety (a) and forming the oral basket (e, arrowheads); c – view of the inflated fission area of a middle divider, showing micronuclear fission and the macronuclear strand that developed by fusion of the macronuclear nodules; d – post-conjugant, showing four macronuclear nodules and the slightly convex oral bulge whose dorsal end is higher than the ventral end; f, g – an early divider, showing a slight body indentation (asterisk) and basal body production in the prospective division zone of most kineties. B – dorsal brush, BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, E – extrusomes, F – oral bulge fibres (microtubule bundles), MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371163/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">13a, b, e</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="BA790326FFCFFFACFBF98EF0FB1101F1" box="[1065,1158,674,701]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="12.[132,188,947,968]" captionText="Table 4. Morphometric data on Spathidium bromeliophilum." pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Bulge base surrounded by an ∞-shaped circumoral kinety composed of closely spaced dikinetids giving rise to nematodesma bundles forming an ordinary oral basket (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFB658F58FABC0069" box="[1205,1323,778,805]" captionStart="Figs 7" captionStartId="14.[134,177,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[144,1452,223,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-7@14.[136,1461,223,1637]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 7a–r. Spathidium bromeliophilum from life (a–e, o–p) and after protargol impregnation (f–n, q, r). a – right side view of a representative specimen, length 135 μm. Arrowhead marks end of bristle tail of brush row 3; b, c – the ∞-shaped oral bulge, which is slightly dumbbell-shaped and/or cuneate, is studded with extrusomes. The oblique fibre bundles originate from the circumoral dikinetids; d – two views of the same extrusome, length 5 µm; e – surface view, showing the two size-types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 µm and 0.4 µm; f–j – variability of shape of body and oral bulge whose ventral third is often curved laterally; k, l – a specimen engulfing a Colpoda (k) and another that has just engulfed a Vorticella; m, n – ciliary pattern of right and left side and nuclear apparatus of holotype specimen, length 138 μm; o, p – detail and overview of a resting cyst with inactive contractile vacuole, diameter 42 µm; q, r – ciliary pattern of anterior dorsal and ventral side, showing the isostichad dorsal brush and the wide spacing of the dikinetids in row 3. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, EP – excretory pores, FV – food vacuole, LD – lipid droplets, MA – macronuclear nodules, MI – micronuclei. Scale bars: 40 μm (a, f–n), 20 μm (q–r) and 2 μm (o)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371145/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Figs 7n, r</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFAE88F59FA3A0069" box="[1336,1453,779,805]" captionStart="Figs 8" captionStartId="15.[126,169,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[125,1450,223,1759]" captionTargetId="figure-8@15.[125,1450,223,1772]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 8a–g. Spathidium bromeliophilum after protargol impregnation. a, b – right and left side view of the same specimen; c – left side view of a specimen with many small macronuclear nodules; d – anterior dorsal view of the proter from a late divider, showing the isostichad dorsal brush; e–g – anterior right (e) and left (f, g) side views of the specimens shown in Figs (a–c). Arrowheads (f, g) mark nematodesma bundles forming the oral basket. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, F – oral bulge fibres, MA – mac- ronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371147/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">8a–c, e–g</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFCFA8F7FFCDE000B" box="[810,841,813,839]" captionStart="Figs 9" captionStartId="16.[132,175,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[132,1457,223,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[132,1457,223,1753]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 9a–h. Spathidium bromeliophilum in the SEM (a, b) and from life (c–h). a – a slender specimen; b – ventrolateral view, showing the cuneate oral bulge (arrowheads) and circumoral cilia (arrow); c, g – the extrusomes are about 5 μm long and are slightly asymmetrical (c); d–f – type III resting cysts, about 40 μm across. Mature cysts (e) show a thin (~ 1 μm) and smooth wall (opposed arrowheads), separated from the cytoplasm by a ~ 0.5 μm thick hyaline sheet (endocyst?) not recognizable in squashed cysts (f). When degenerated, the cytoplasm detaches from the wall (d); h – surface view showing the two-size types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 μm and 0.4 μm (arrows and ar- rowheads). BU – oral bulge. Scale bars: 40 μm (a), 25 μm (d, e), 10 μm (b) and 5 μm (f, g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371149/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">9b</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFC868F7FFC2A000B" box="[854,957,813,839]" captionStart="Figs 13" captionStartId="20.[132,175,1720,1742]" captionTargetBox="[135,1457,231,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[132,1457,223,1659]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs 13a–g. Spathidium bromeliophilum after protargol impregnation. a, b, e – anterior body portion of three specimens, showing the oral bulge whose ventral third is curved laterally in 80% of the specimens (b) and straight in the rest (a, e). Note the oblique microtubule bundles originating from the dikinetids of the circumoral kinety (a) and forming the oral basket (e, arrowheads); c – view of the inflated fission area of a middle divider, showing micronuclear fission and the macronuclear strand that developed by fusion of the macronuclear nodules; d – post-conjugant, showing four macronuclear nodules and the slightly convex oral bulge whose dorsal end is higher than the ventral end; f, g – an early divider, showing a slight body indentation (asterisk) and basal body production in the prospective division zone of most kineties. B – dorsal brush, BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, E – extrusomes, F – oral bulge fibres (microtubule bundles), MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371163/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">13a, b, e</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFCFFFACFC9F8F02FC000661" blockId="13.[807,1458,223,1325]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">
|
||
Starvation induces formation of
|
||
<typeStatus id="2840883FFFCFFFACFB148F02FB600026" box="[1220,1271,848,874]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">type</typeStatus>
|
||
III resting cysts (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="936A4B6CFFCFFFACFCFF8F20FBA300C1" author="Foissner W. & Xu K." box="[815,1076,882,909]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 485" refId="ref17572" refString="Foissner W., Xu K. (2007) Monograph of the Spathidiida (Ciliophora, Haptoria). Vol. I: Protospathidiidae, Arcuospathidiidae, Apertospathulidae. Monogr. Biol. 81: 1 - 485" type="journal article" year="2007">Foissner and Xu 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Mature cysts on average 42 μm across
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCFFFACFCAC8FC4FC5A00E3" box="[892,973,918,943]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="BA790326FFCFFFACFC0E8FC7FBAB00E3" box="[990,1084,917,943]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="12.[132,188,947,968]" captionText="Table 4. Morphometric data on Spathidium bromeliophilum." pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Cyst wall yellowish, smooth, about 1 μm thick, separated from cytoplasm by a ~ 0.5 μm thick, hyaline sheet (endocyst?) not recognizable in squashed cysts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFBDD8FAFFBFD0754" box="[1037,1130,1021,1048]" captionStart="Figs 7" captionStartId="14.[134,177,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[144,1452,223,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-7@14.[136,1461,223,1637]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 7a–r. Spathidium bromeliophilum from life (a–e, o–p) and after protargol impregnation (f–n, q, r). a – right side view of a representative specimen, length 135 μm. Arrowhead marks end of bristle tail of brush row 3; b, c – the ∞-shaped oral bulge, which is slightly dumbbell-shaped and/or cuneate, is studded with extrusomes. The oblique fibre bundles originate from the circumoral dikinetids; d – two views of the same extrusome, length 5 µm; e – surface view, showing the two size-types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 µm and 0.4 µm; f–j – variability of shape of body and oral bulge whose ventral third is often curved laterally; k, l – a specimen engulfing a Colpoda (k) and another that has just engulfed a Vorticella; m, n – ciliary pattern of right and left side and nuclear apparatus of holotype specimen, length 138 μm; o, p – detail and overview of a resting cyst with inactive contractile vacuole, diameter 42 µm; q, r – ciliary pattern of anterior dorsal and ventral side, showing the isostichad dorsal brush and the wide spacing of the dikinetids in row 3. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, EP – excretory pores, FV – food vacuole, LD – lipid droplets, MA – macronuclear nodules, MI – micronuclei. Scale bars: 40 μm (a, f–n), 20 μm (q–r) and 2 μm (o)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371145/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Figs 7o</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFBAA8FAFFB23075B" box="[1146,1204,1021,1047]" captionStart="Figs 9" captionStartId="16.[132,175,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[132,1457,223,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[132,1457,223,1753]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 9a–h. Spathidium bromeliophilum in the SEM (a, b) and from life (c–h). a – a slender specimen; b – ventrolateral view, showing the cuneate oral bulge (arrowheads) and circumoral cilia (arrow); c, g – the extrusomes are about 5 μm long and are slightly asymmetrical (c); d–f – type III resting cysts, about 40 μm across. Mature cysts (e) show a thin (~ 1 μm) and smooth wall (opposed arrowheads), separated from the cytoplasm by a ~ 0.5 μm thick hyaline sheet (endocyst?) not recognizable in squashed cysts (f). When degenerated, the cytoplasm detaches from the wall (d); h – surface view showing the two-size types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 μm and 0.4 μm (arrows and ar- rowheads). BU – oral bulge. Scale bars: 40 μm (a), 25 μm (d, e), 10 μm (b) and 5 μm (f, g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371149/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">9e, f</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cyst plasm packed with four large (postconjugants?) or many smaller macronuclear nodules about 6 × 4 μm in size, granules ≤ 1 μm across, and lipid droplets 1–2 μm in size (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFA508837FCDD07EE" captionStart="Figs 7" captionStartId="14.[134,177,1667,1689]" captionTargetBox="[144,1452,223,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-7@14.[136,1461,223,1637]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 7a–r. Spathidium bromeliophilum from life (a–e, o–p) and after protargol impregnation (f–n, q, r). a – right side view of a representative specimen, length 135 μm. Arrowhead marks end of bristle tail of brush row 3; b, c – the ∞-shaped oral bulge, which is slightly dumbbell-shaped and/or cuneate, is studded with extrusomes. The oblique fibre bundles originate from the circumoral dikinetids; d – two views of the same extrusome, length 5 µm; e – surface view, showing the two size-types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 µm and 0.4 µm; f–j – variability of shape of body and oral bulge whose ventral third is often curved laterally; k, l – a specimen engulfing a Colpoda (k) and another that has just engulfed a Vorticella; m, n – ciliary pattern of right and left side and nuclear apparatus of holotype specimen, length 138 μm; o, p – detail and overview of a resting cyst with inactive contractile vacuole, diameter 42 µm; q, r – ciliary pattern of anterior dorsal and ventral side, showing the isostichad dorsal brush and the wide spacing of the dikinetids in row 3. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, EP – excretory pores, FV – food vacuole, LD – lipid droplets, MA – macronuclear nodules, MI – micronuclei. Scale bars: 40 μm (a, f–n), 20 μm (q–r) and 2 μm (o)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371145/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Fig. 7p</figureCitation>
|
||
). Contractile vacuole still visible after one week, be- comes active when cyst is slightly pressed by coverslip. Several degenerated cysts with clumped cytoplasm and contractile vacuole observed in two encystment trials (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFCE28941FC1E0661" box="[818,905,1299,1325]" captionStart="Figs 9" captionStartId="16.[132,175,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[132,1457,223,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-7@16.[132,1457,223,1753]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 9a–h. Spathidium bromeliophilum in the SEM (a, b) and from life (c–h). a – a slender specimen; b – ventrolateral view, showing the cuneate oral bulge (arrowheads) and circumoral cilia (arrow); c, g – the extrusomes are about 5 μm long and are slightly asymmetrical (c); d–f – type III resting cysts, about 40 μm across. Mature cysts (e) show a thin (~ 1 μm) and smooth wall (opposed arrowheads), separated from the cytoplasm by a ~ 0.5 μm thick hyaline sheet (endocyst?) not recognizable in squashed cysts (f). When degenerated, the cytoplasm detaches from the wall (d); h – surface view showing the two-size types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 μm and 0.4 μm (arrows and ar- rowheads). BU – oral bulge. Scale bars: 40 μm (a), 25 μm (d, e), 10 μm (b) and 5 μm (f, g)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371149/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Fig. 9d</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFCFFFACFCF98916FBAE06CD" blockId="13.[809,1455,1348,1410]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCFFFACFCF98916FBAE06CD" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">
|
||
Ontogenesis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFC028916FBB80613" box="[978,1071,1348,1375]" captionStart="Figs 8" captionStartId="15.[126,169,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[125,1450,223,1759]" captionTargetId="figure-8@15.[125,1450,223,1772]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 8a–g. Spathidium bromeliophilum after protargol impregnation. a, b – right and left side view of the same specimen; c – left side view of a specimen with many small macronuclear nodules; d – anterior dorsal view of the proter from a late divider, showing the isostichad dorsal brush; e–g – anterior right (e) and left (f, g) side views of the specimens shown in Figs (a–c). Arrowheads (f, g) mark nematodesma bundles forming the oral basket. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, F – oral bulge fibres, MA – mac- ronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371147/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Figs 8c</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFBEF8917FB1E0613" box="[1087,1161,1349,1375]" captionStart="Figs 10" captionStartId="17.[125,168,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[125,1444,224,1638]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[125,1448,223,1662]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 10a–e. Spathidium bromeliophilum, ontogenesis of ciliary pattern after protargol impregnation. Corresponding body and nuclear changes are shown in Figs 11a–j. a – very early divider, showing basal body production in the prospective division zone. Asterisk denotes a slight indentation in fission area. Nuclear apparatus as shown in Figs 11a, b; b – early divider where the developing dorsal brush rows (1–3) and the circumoral kinety fragments (placed between arrowheads) of the opisthe are already recognizable. Note blebs in fission area left of the circumoral kinety fragments (arrowheads). Nuclear apparatus as shown in Fig. 11c; c – middle stage, showing blebs (arrowheads) in prospective fission area. Nuclear apparatus as shown in Figs 11d, e; d – late divider with a single macronuclear strand (Fig. 11f) and conspicuous division furrow (arrows); e – very late divider with proter and opisthe about to separate, length 170 μm (Fig. 11g). B(1–3) – dorsal brush rows, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei.Scale bars: 20 μm (a–d) and 30 μm (e)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371151/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">10a–e</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFB488916FB4A0612" box="[1176,1245,1348,1374]" captionStart="Figs 11" captionStartId="18.[132,175,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[137,1451,230,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-7@18.[132,1455,223,1662]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figs 11a–j. Spathidium bromeliophilum, body and nuclear changes in dividers (a–g) and post-dividers (h–j) after protargol impregnation; drawn to scale. For the ciliary pattern, see Figs 10a–e, 12a–f, 15a–d. a – a morphostatic specimen with many macronuclear nodules scattered throughout the cytoplasm; b – early divider with most macronuclear nodules fused; c, d – middle dividers in which the macronuclear nodules fused to an irregular mass. Note micronuclear division and the slightly inflated fission area; e, f – middle-late and late stage, showing elongation of body and macronucleus, and division furrow. The opisthe is considerably narrower than the proter (f), a rare feature (Table 5); g – very late divider, showing proter and opisthe about to separate while the macronucleus has already divided; h–j – post-dividers develop a three-dimensional macronuclear reticulum (h, i) that breaks into many nodules during the maturation of the cell (j, a). BU – oral bulge, CV – contractile vacuole, MA – macronuclear nodules, MI – micronuclei. Scale bar: 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371157/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">11a–j</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFB3D8916FAA40612" box="[1261,1331,1348,1374]" captionStart="Figs 12" captionStartId="19.[126,169,1803,1825]" captionTargetBox="[134,1450,223,1748]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[125,1450,223,1764]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figs 12a–f. Spathidium bromeliophilum, dividers after protargol impregnation. a–c – overview and details of an early divider. Note body indentation (asterisks), basal bodies production in the division zone of all kineties (arrowhead), and beginning fusion of macronuclear nodules (arrow in c); d–f – a middle divider, showing an inflated fission area (small arrowheads), the developing dorsal brush (1–3), the oral kinetofragments (large arrowheads), and the macronuclear strand that developed by fusion of the macronuclear nodules. B(1–3) – dorsal brush rows, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371161/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">12a–f</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFA928917FA3E0613" box="[1346,1449,1348,1375]" captionStart="Figs 13" captionStartId="20.[132,175,1720,1742]" captionTargetBox="[135,1457,231,1646]" captionTargetId="figure-7@20.[132,1457,223,1659]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs 13a–g. Spathidium bromeliophilum after protargol impregnation. a, b, e – anterior body portion of three specimens, showing the oral bulge whose ventral third is curved laterally in 80% of the specimens (b) and straight in the rest (a, e). Note the oblique microtubule bundles originating from the dikinetids of the circumoral kinety (a) and forming the oral basket (e, arrowheads); c – view of the inflated fission area of a middle divider, showing micronuclear fission and the macronuclear strand that developed by fusion of the macronuclear nodules; d – post-conjugant, showing four macronuclear nodules and the slightly convex oral bulge whose dorsal end is higher than the ventral end; f, g – an early divider, showing a slight body indentation (asterisk) and basal body production in the prospective division zone of most kineties. B – dorsal brush, BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, E – extrusomes, F – oral bulge fibres (microtubule bundles), MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371163/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">13c, f, g</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFCF98935FCE506CD" box="[809,882,1383,1409]" captionStart="Figs 14" captionStartId="21.[125,168,867,889]" captionTargetBox="[125,1450,223,840]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[125,1450,223,849]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 14a–c. Spathidium bromeliophilum, late divider after protargol impregnation. a–c – overview and details of the fission area, showing the ventral (b) and dorsal (c) side. Arrowheads (b) mark the growing nematodesma bundles (oral basket fibres) originating from the diki- netids of the circumoral kinety fragments. Arrow (c) denotes a bleb left of the circumoral kinety fragments of the opisthe. 1, 2, 3 – dorsal brush rows, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371167" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371167/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">14a–c</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFCAF8935FC5006CD" box="[895,967,1383,1409]" captionStart="Figs 15" captionStartId="22.[134,176,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,223,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-7@22.[132,1457,223,1779]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 15a–f. Spathidium bromeliophilum after protargol impregnation. a–d – overview and details of a very late divider, showing the elliptical oral field of the opisthe whose circumoral kinety fragments have not yet aligned ventrally; e, f – post-dividers, showing the threedimensional macronuclear reticulum (e) that breaks into many nodules (f). B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety,F – oral bulge fibres, MA – macronucleus,MI – micronuclei.(Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371169" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371169/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">15a–f</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="BA790326FFCFFFACFC04893AFBA706CD" box="[980,1072,1383,1410]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="23.[122,178,554,577]" captionText="Table 5. Ontogenetic comparison of spathidiids (modified from Foissner and Xu 2007)." pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFCFFFACFC9F89CBFA3D0585" blockId="13.[808,1456,1433,1945]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">
|
||
Essentially identical to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFCFFFACFB1689CBFCCF069A" authorityName="Foissner, Agatha & Berger" authorityYear="2002" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="turgitorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCFFFACFB1689CBFCCF069A" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Spathidium turgitorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described in detail by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="936A4B6CFFCFFFACFBB389EEFAF7069A" author="Foissner W. & Agatha S. & Berger H." box="[1123,1376,1468,1494]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 1459" refId="ref17323" refString="Foissner W., Agatha S., Berger H. (2002) Soil ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Namibia (Southwest Africa), with emphasis on two contrasting environments, the Etosha region and the Na- mib Desert. Denisia 5: 1 - 1459" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Foissner
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCFFFACFB1D89EFFA96069A" box="[1229,1281,1468,1494]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2002)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, i.e., it is homothetogenic, holotelokinetal, and occurs in nonencysted (freely motile) condition. Thus, we refer the reader to
|
||
<tableCitation id="BA790326FFCFFFACFC4B8A76FC630573" box="[923,1012,1572,1599]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="23.[122,178,554,577]" captionText="Table 5. Ontogenetic comparison of spathidiids (modified from Foissner and Xu 2007)." pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
and the many figures. However, one process should be highlighted, viz., the origin of the macronuclear nodules, which develop in post-dividers via a three-dimensional netting of the long macronuclear strand present in the dividers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFB1C8AFDFADD0585" box="[1228,1354,1711,1737]" captionStart="Figs 11" captionStartId="18.[132,175,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[137,1451,230,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-7@18.[132,1455,223,1662]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figs 11a–j. Spathidium bromeliophilum, body and nuclear changes in dividers (a–g) and post-dividers (h–j) after protargol impregnation; drawn to scale. For the ciliary pattern, see Figs 10a–e, 12a–f, 15a–d. a – a morphostatic specimen with many macronuclear nodules scattered throughout the cytoplasm; b – early divider with most macronuclear nodules fused; c, d – middle dividers in which the macronuclear nodules fused to an irregular mass. Note micronuclear division and the slightly inflated fission area; e, f – middle-late and late stage, showing elongation of body and macronucleus, and division furrow. The opisthe is considerably narrower than the proter (f), a rare feature (Table 5); g – very late divider, showing proter and opisthe about to separate while the macronucleus has already divided; h–j – post-dividers develop a three-dimensional macronuclear reticulum (h, i) that breaks into many nodules during the maturation of the cell (j, a). BU – oral bulge, CV – contractile vacuole, MA – macronuclear nodules, MI – micronuclei. Scale bar: 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371157/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Figs 11a–j</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FC02A18FFCFFFACFA868AFDFA0B0585" box="[1366,1436,1711,1738]" captionStart="Figs 15" captionStartId="22.[134,176,1827,1849]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,223,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-7@22.[132,1457,223,1779]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 15a–f. Spathidium bromeliophilum after protargol impregnation. a–d – overview and details of a very late divider, showing the elliptical oral field of the opisthe whose circumoral kinety fragments have not yet aligned ventrally; e, f – post-dividers, showing the threedimensional macronuclear reticulum (e) that breaks into many nodules (f). B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety,F – oral bulge fibres, MA – macronucleus,MI – micronuclei.(Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371169" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371169/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">15e, f</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFCFFFACFC9F8A83FAFF0442" blockId="13.[808,1456,1433,1945]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCFFFACFC9F8A83FB1305A0" bold="true" box="[847,1156,1745,1772]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Occurrence and ecology:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="47933CC0FFCFFFACFB598A80FAF40442" collectionCode="A" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" specimenCount="1">
|
||
As yet found only at
|
||
<typeStatus id="2840883FFFCFFFACFAAD8A80FA2705A0" box="[1405,1456,1746,1772]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
<collectionCode id="91EAAE58FFCFFFACFC5B8AA6FC080442" box="[907,927,1780,1806]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
semipure culture could be established
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BFE16516FFCFFFB4FC9F8B45FA810586" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="180" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFCFFFB4FC9F8B45FD880511" blockId="13.[808,1456,1433,1945]" lastBlockId="21.[124,773,1112,1945]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="180" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCFFFACFC9F8B45FC5D047D" bold="true" box="[847,970,1815,1841]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Two species can be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFCFFFACFAB08B45FC2B041F" authorityName="Foissner & Wolf & Kumar & Quintela-Alonso" authorityYear="2014" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bromeliophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCFFFACFAB08B45FC2B041F" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">S. bromeliophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFCFFFACFC008B6BFB53041F" authorityName="Vuxanovici" authorityYear="1962" box="[976,1220,1849,1875]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="anguilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCFFFACFC008B6BFB53041F" box="[976,1220,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Spathidium anguilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as redescribed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="936A4B6CFFCFFFACFCF98B0EFC74043A" author="Foissner W." box="[809,995,1884,1910]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 165" refId="ref17170" refString="Foissner W. (1984) Infraciliatur, Silberliniensystem und Biometrie einiger neuer und wenig bekannter terrestrischer, limnischer und mariner Ciliaten (Protozoa: Ciliophora) aus den Klassen Kinetofragminophora, Colpodea und Polyhymenophora. Stapfia 12: 1 - 165" type="journal article" year="1984">Foissner (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, is much more slender than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFCFFFACFACF8B0FFCED04D5" authorityName="Foissner & Wolf & Kumar & Quintela-Alonso" authorityYear="2014" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bromeliophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCFFFACFACF8B0FFCED04D5" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">S. bromeliophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(~ 8:1 vs. ~ 4:1) and has only 11 (vs. 17) ciliary rows on average. The second species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFD7FFB4FDEA880AFEA307D9" authorityName="Foissner" authorityYear="1999" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Arcuospathidiidae" genus="Arcuospathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="180" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="multinucleatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD7FFB4FDEA880AFEA307D9" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="180">Arcuospathidium multinucleatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(reviewed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="936A4B6CFFD7FFB4FE328829FD6107D9" author="Foissner W. & Xu K." box="[482,758,1147,1173]" pageId="21" pageNumber="180" pagination="1 - 485" refId="ref17572" refString="Foissner W., Xu K. (2007) Monograph of the Spathidiida (Ciliophora, Haptoria). Vol. I: Protospathidiidae, Arcuospathidiidae, Apertospathulidae. Monogr. Biol. 81: 1 - 485" type="journal article" year="2007">Foissner and Xu 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), has a more cuneate and longer oral bulge (ratio of oral bulge length:body width 1.5–2.4:1 vs. 1.1:1), a temporary cytostome (lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFD7FFB4FE3288B6FD2A07B2" authorityName="Foissner & Wolf & Kumar & Quintela-Alonso" authorityYear="2014" box="[482,701,1252,1278]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="180" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bromeliophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD7FFB4FE3288B6FD2A07B2" box="[482,701,1252,1278]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="180">S. bromeliophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFD7FFB4FF768955FEF8066D" authorityName="Foissner" authorityYear="1984" box="[166,367,1287,1313]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Arcuospathidiidae" genus="Arcuospathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="180" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD7FFB4FF768955FEF8066D" box="[166,367,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="180">Arcuospathidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(vs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFD7FFB4FE658955FDAC066D" box="[437,571,1287,1313]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="180" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD7FFB4FE658955FDAC066D" box="[437,571,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="180">Spathidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) ciliary pattern. The last character is not very distinct but sustained by three ontogenetic features (
|
||
<tableCitation id="BA790326FFD7FFB4FE19891FFDBE0624" box="[457,553,1357,1384]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="23.[122,178,554,577]" captionText="Table 5. Ontogenetic comparison of spathidiids (modified from Foissner and Xu 2007)." pageId="21" pageNumber="180">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
): the body is distinctly inflated (vs. not inflated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFD7FFB4FDC18922FD4D06C6" authorityName="Foissner" authorityYear="1984" box="[529,730,1392,1418]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Arcuospathidiidae" genus="Arcuospathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="180" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD7FFB4FDC18922FD4D06C6" box="[529,730,1392,1418]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="180">Arcuospathidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in fission area of mid-dividers, the oral kinetofragments are separate (vs. aligned) in very late dividers, and the circumoral kinety develops in the simple (vs. complex) manner. There are four other multinucleate species that are similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFD7FFB4FEF68A72FE680576" authorityName="Foissner & Wolf & Kumar & Quintela-Alonso" authorityYear="2014" box="[294,511,1568,1594]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="180" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bromeliophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD7FFB4FEF68A72FE680576" box="[294,511,1568,1594]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="180">S. bromeliophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and which have been compared by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="936A4B6CFFD7FFB4FECE8A11FD8C0511" author="Foissner W. & Quintela-Alonso P. & Al-Rasheid K." box="[286,539,1603,1629]" pageId="21" pageNumber="180" pagination="317 - 352" refId="ref17464" refString="Foissner W., Quintela-Alonso P., Al-Rasheid K. (2008) Soil ciliates from Saudi Arabia, including descriptions of two new genera and six new species. Acta Protozool. 47: 317 - 352" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Foissner
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD7FFB4FE578A16FE550511" box="[391,450,1603,1629]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="180">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A3846615FFCCFFAFFF568AD1FA8C04D8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371145" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10371145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371145/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="173" startId="14.[134,177,1667,1689]" targetBox="[144,1452,223,1626]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFCCFFAFFF568AD1FA8C04D8" blockId="14.[133,1464,1667,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCCFFAFFF568AD1FF7C05D4" bold="true" box="[134,235,1667,1689]" pageId="14" pageNumber="173">Figs 7a–r.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFCCFFAFFF248AD1FD9605D4" authorityName="Foissner & Wolf & Kumar & Quintela-Alonso" authorityYear="2014" box="[244,513,1667,1688]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="14" pageNumber="173" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bromeliophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCCFFAFFF248AD1FD9605D4" box="[244,513,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="173">Spathidium bromeliophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from life (a–e, o–p) and after protargol impregnation (f–n, q, r).
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCCFFAFFB5B8AD1FB0005D4" bold="true" box="[1163,1175,1667,1688]" pageId="14" pageNumber="173">a</emphasis>
|
||
– right side view of a representative specimen, length 135 μm. Arrowhead marks end of bristle tail of brush row 3;
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCCFFAFFC328ACDFC7805F8" bold="true" box="[994,1007,1695,1716]" pageId="14" pageNumber="173">b</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCCFFAFFC2C8ACDFB9005F8" bold="true" box="[1020,1031,1695,1716]" pageId="14" pageNumber="173">c</emphasis>
|
||
– the ∞-shaped oral bulge, which is slightly dumbbell-shaped and/or cuneate, is studded with extrusomes. The oblique fibre bundles originate from the circumoral dikinetids;
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCCFFAFFABC8AE9FAEE059C" bold="true" box="[1388,1401,1723,1744]" pageId="14" pageNumber="173">d</emphasis>
|
||
– two views of the same extrusome, length 5 µm;
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCCFFAFFDF98A85FDA305A0" bold="true" box="[553,564,1751,1772]" pageId="14" pageNumber="173">e</emphasis>
|
||
– surface view, showing the two size-types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 µm and 0.4 µm;
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCCFFAFFF568AA1FF350445" bold="true" box="[134,162,1779,1801]" pageId="14" pageNumber="173">f–j</emphasis>
|
||
– variability of shape of body and oral bulge whose ventral third is often curved laterally;
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCCFFAFFBD28AA1FB980444" bold="true" box="[1026,1039,1779,1800]" pageId="14" pageNumber="173">k</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCCFFAFFBCB8AA1FBB50444" bold="true" box="[1051,1058,1779,1800]" pageId="14" pageNumber="173">l</emphasis>
|
||
– a specimen engulfing a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFCCFFAFFACA8AA1FAFA0444" box="[1306,1389,1779,1800]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Loxophyllidae" genus="Colpoda" kingdom="Chromista" order="Pleurostomatida" pageId="14" pageNumber="173" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCCFFAFFACA8AA1FAFA0444" box="[1306,1389,1779,1800]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="173">Colpoda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(k) and another that has just engulfed a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFCCFFAFFE6C8B5DFD8E0468" box="[444,537,1807,1828]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Didiniidae" genus="Vorticella" kingdom="Chromista" order="Haptorida" pageId="14" pageNumber="173" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCCFFAFFE6C8B5DFD8E0468" box="[444,537,1807,1828]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="173">Vorticella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCCFFAFFDF68B5DFDAD0468" bold="true" box="[550,570,1807,1828]" pageId="14" pageNumber="173">m</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCCFFAFFD968B5DFDF10468" bold="true" box="[582,614,1807,1828]" pageId="14" pageNumber="173">n –</emphasis>
|
||
ciliary pattern of right and left side and nuclear apparatus of holotype specimen, length 138 μm;
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCCFFAFFF0A8B79FF71040C" bold="true" box="[218,230,1835,1856]" pageId="14" pageNumber="173">o</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCCFFAFFF218B79FE87040C" bold="true" box="[241,272,1835,1856]" pageId="14" pageNumber="173">p –</emphasis>
|
||
detail and overview of a resting cyst with inactive contractile vacuole, diameter 42 µm;
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCCFFAFFB818B79FBC9040C" bold="true" box="[1105,1118,1835,1856]" pageId="14" pageNumber="173">q</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCCFFAFFBBA8B79FBE2040C" bold="true" box="[1130,1141,1835,1856]" pageId="14" pageNumber="173">r</emphasis>
|
||
– ciliary pattern of anterior dorsal and ventral side, showing the isostichad dorsal brush and the wide spacing of the dikinetids in row 3. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, EP – excretory pores, FV – food vacuole, LD – lipid droplets, MA – macronuclear nodules, MI – micronuclei. Scale bars: 40 μm (a, f–n), 20 μm (q–r) and 2 μm (o).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A3846615FFCDFFAEFFAE8B5DFC5204DA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371147" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10371147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371147/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="174" startId="15.[126,169,1807,1829]" targetBox="[125,1450,223,1759]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFCDFFAEFFAE8B5DFC5204DA" blockId="15.[125,1455,1807,1942]" pageId="15" pageNumber="174">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCDFFAEFFAE8B5DFF740469" bold="true" box="[126,227,1807,1829]" pageId="15" pageNumber="174">Figs 8a–g.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFCDFFAEFF398B42FE630469" authorityName="Foissner & Wolf & Kumar & Quintela-Alonso" authorityYear="2014" box="[233,500,1808,1829]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="15" pageNumber="174" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bromeliophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCDFFAEFF398B42FE630469" box="[233,500,1808,1829]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="174">Spathidium bromeliophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
after protargol impregnation.
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCDFFAEFCC48B42FCB70469" bold="true" box="[788,800,1808,1829]" pageId="15" pageNumber="174">a</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCDFFAEFCFC8B42FCAE0469" bold="true" box="[812,825,1808,1829]" pageId="15" pageNumber="174">b</emphasis>
|
||
– right and left side view of the same specimen;
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCDFFAEFADC8B42FA800469" bold="true" box="[1292,1303,1808,1829]" pageId="15" pageNumber="174">c</emphasis>
|
||
– left side view of a specimen with many small macronuclear nodules;
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCDFFAEFD4A8B7EFD30040D" bold="true" box="[666,679,1836,1857]" pageId="15" pageNumber="174">d</emphasis>
|
||
– anterior dorsal view of the proter from a late divider, showing the isostichad dorsal brush;
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFCDFFAEFED18B1AFEB30411" bold="true" box="[257,292,1864,1885]" pageId="15" pageNumber="174">e–g</emphasis>
|
||
– anterior right (e) and left (f, g) side views of the specimens shown in Figs (a–c). Arrowheads (f, g) mark nematodesma bundles forming the oral basket. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, F – oral bulge fibres, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A3846615FFD2FFB1FF548AA4FC6604D4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371149" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10371149" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371149/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="175" startId="16.[132,175,1782,1804]" targetBox="[132,1457,223,1744]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFD2FFB1FF548AA4FC6604D4" blockId="16.[132,1463,1782,1944]" pageId="16" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD2FFB1FF548AA4FF7B0447" bold="true" box="[132,236,1782,1804]" pageId="16" pageNumber="175">Figs 9a–h.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFD2FFB1FF248AA4FD970447" authorityName="Foissner & Wolf & Kumar & Quintela-Alonso" authorityYear="2014" box="[244,512,1782,1803]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="16" pageNumber="175" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bromeliophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD2FFB1FF248AA4FD970447" box="[244,512,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="175">Spathidium bromeliophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the SEM (a, b) and from life (c–h).
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD2FFB1FCA88AA5FC130440" bold="true" box="[888,900,1783,1804]" pageId="16" pageNumber="175">a</emphasis>
|
||
– a slender specimen;
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD2FFB1FBB28AA5FBF80440" bold="true" box="[1122,1135,1783,1804]" pageId="16" pageNumber="175">b</emphasis>
|
||
– ventrolateral view, showing the cuneate oral bulge (arrowheads) and circumoral cilia (arrow);
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD2FFB1FD0A8B41FD720464" bold="true" box="[730,741,1811,1832]" pageId="16" pageNumber="175">c</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD2FFB1FD218B41FD6A0464" bold="true" box="[753,765,1811,1832]" pageId="16" pageNumber="175">g</emphasis>
|
||
– the extrusomes are about 5 μm long and are slightly asymmetrical (c);
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD2FFB1FF548B7CFF310408" bold="true" box="[132,166,1838,1860]" pageId="16" pageNumber="175">d–f</emphasis>
|
||
– type III resting cysts, about 40 μm across. Mature cysts (e) show a thin (~ 1 μm) and smooth wall (opposed arrowheads), separated from the cytoplasm by a ~ 0.5 μm thick hyaline sheet (endocyst?) not recognizable in squashed cysts (f). When degenerated, the cytoplasm detaches from the wall (d);
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD2FFB1FE408B35FE0A0430" bold="true" box="[400,413,1895,1916]" pageId="16" pageNumber="175">h</emphasis>
|
||
– surface view showing the two-size types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 μm and 0.4 μm (arrows and arrowheads). BU – oral bulge. Scale bars: 40 μm (a), 25 μm (d, e), 10 μm (b) and 5 μm (f, g).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A3846615FFD3FFB0FFAD8ACCFA39043B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371151" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10371151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371151/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" startId="17.[125,168,1694,1716]" targetBox="[125,1444,224,1638]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFD3FFB0FFAD8ACCFA39043B" blockId="17.[124,1454,1694,1912]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD3FFB0FFAD8ACCFF6605FF" bold="true" box="[125,241,1694,1716]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">Figs 10a–e.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFD3FFB0FF2B8ACCFD9E05FF" authorityName="Foissner & Wolf & Kumar & Quintela-Alonso" authorityYear="2014" box="[251,521,1694,1715]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="17" pageNumber="176" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bromeliophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD3FFB0FF2B8ACCFD9E05FF" box="[251,521,1694,1715]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">Spathidium bromeliophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ontogenesis of ciliary pattern after protargol impregnation. Corresponding body and nuclear changes are shown in Figs 11a–j.
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD3FFB0FE128AE8FE590583" bold="true" box="[450,462,1722,1743]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">a</emphasis>
|
||
– very early divider, showing basal body production in the prospective division zone. Asterisk denotes a slight indentation in fission area. Nuclear apparatus as shown in Figs 11a, b;
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD3FFB0FCAE8A84FC1C05A7" bold="true" box="[894,907,1750,1771]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">b</emphasis>
|
||
– early divider where the developing dorsal brush rows (1–3) and the circumoral kinety fragments (placed between arrowheads) of the opisthe are already recognizable. Note blebs in fission area left of the circumoral kinety fragments (arrowheads). Nuclear apparatus as shown in Fig. 11c;
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD3FFB0FC2B8B5CFB91046F" bold="true" box="[1019,1030,1806,1827]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">c</emphasis>
|
||
– middle stage, showing blebs (arrowheads) in prospective fission area. Nuclear apparatus as shown in Figs 11d, e;
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD3FFB0FCE68B78FCD40473" bold="true" box="[822,835,1834,1855]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">d</emphasis>
|
||
– late divider with a single macronuclear strand (Fig. 11f) and conspicuous division furrow (arrows);
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD3FFB0FE258B14FD970417" bold="true" box="[501,512,1862,1883]" pageId="17" pageNumber="176">e</emphasis>
|
||
– very late divider with proter and opisthe about to separate, length 170 μm (Fig. 11g). B(1–3) – dorsal brush rows, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. Scale bars: 20 μm (a–d) and 30 μm (e).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A3846615FFD0FFB3FF548AE8FC6D04DF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371157" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10371157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371157/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="177" startId="18.[132,175,1722,1744]" targetBox="[137,1451,230,1635]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFD0FFB3FF548AE8FC6D04DF" blockId="18.[131,1463,1722,1940]" pageId="18" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD0FFB3FF548AE8FF65059C" bold="true" box="[132,242,1722,1744]" pageId="18" pageNumber="177">Figs 11a–j.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFD0FFB3FF2A8AE8FD910583" authorityName="Foissner & Wolf & Kumar & Quintela-Alonso" authorityYear="2014" box="[250,518,1722,1743]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="177" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bromeliophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD0FFB3FF2A8AE8FD910583" box="[250,518,1722,1743]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="177">Spathidium bromeliophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, body and nuclear changes in dividers (a–g) and post-dividers (h–j) after protargol impregnation; drawn to scale. For the ciliary pattern, see Figs 10a–e, 12a–f, 15a–d.
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD0FFB3FCF58A84FCA605A7" bold="true" box="[805,817,1750,1771]" pageId="18" pageNumber="177">a</emphasis>
|
||
– a morphostatic specimen with many macronuclear nodules scattered throughout the cytoplasm;
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD0FFB3FE6C8AA0FE5E044B" bold="true" box="[444,457,1778,1799]" pageId="18" pageNumber="177">b</emphasis>
|
||
– early divider with most macronuclear nodules fused;
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD0FFB3FC308AA0FC7C044B" bold="true" box="[992,1003,1778,1799]" pageId="18" pageNumber="177">c</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD0FFB3FC278AA0FB93044B" bold="true" box="[1015,1028,1778,1799]" pageId="18" pageNumber="177">d</emphasis>
|
||
– middle dividers in which the macronuclear nodules fused to an irregular mass. Note micronuclear division and the slightly inflated fission area;
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD0FFB3FBE58B5CFBD7046F" bold="true" box="[1077,1088,1806,1827]" pageId="18" pageNumber="177">e</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD0FFB3FB9B8B5CFBC40468" bold="true" box="[1099,1107,1806,1828]" pageId="18" pageNumber="177">f</emphasis>
|
||
– middle-late and late stage, showing elongation of body and macronucleus, and division furrow. The opisthe is considerably narrower than the proter (f), a rare feature (Table 5);
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD0FFB3FF548B14FF070417" bold="true" box="[132,144,1862,1883]" pageId="18" pageNumber="177">g</emphasis>
|
||
– very late divider, showing proter and opisthe about to separate while the macronucleus has already divided;
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD0FFB3FB7F8B14FB470410" bold="true" box="[1199,1232,1862,1884]" pageId="18" pageNumber="177">h–j</emphasis>
|
||
– post-dividers develop a three-dimensional macronuclear reticulum (h, i) that breaks into many nodules during the maturation of the cell (j, a). BU – oral bulge, CV – contractile vacuole, MA – macronuclear nodules, MI – micronuclei. Scale bar: 40 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A3846615FFD1FFB2FFAE8B59FB3604DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371161" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10371161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371161/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" startId="19.[126,169,1803,1825]" targetBox="[134,1450,223,1748]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFD1FFB2FFAE8B59FB3604DD" blockId="19.[126,1455,1803,1937]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD1FFB2FFAE8B59FF7A046D" bold="true" box="[126,237,1803,1825]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">Figs 12a–f.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFD1FFB2FF258B59FD96046C" authorityName="Foissner & Wolf & Kumar & Quintela-Alonso" authorityYear="2014" box="[245,513,1803,1824]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="178" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bromeliophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD1FFB2FF258B59FD96046C" box="[245,513,1803,1824]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">Spathidium bromeliophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, dividers after protargol impregnation.
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD1FFB2FC508B59FC35046C" bold="true" box="[896,930,1803,1824]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">a–c</emphasis>
|
||
– overview and details of an early divider. Note body indentation (asterisks), basal bodies production in the division zone of all kineties (arrowhead), and beginning fusion of macronuclear nodules (arrow in c);
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD1FFB2FEFC8B11FEDA0415" bold="true" box="[300,333,1859,1881]" pageId="19" pageNumber="178">d–f</emphasis>
|
||
– a middle divider, showing an inflated fission area (small arrowheads), the developing dorsal brush (1–3), the oral kinetofragments (large arrowheads), and the macronuclear strand that developed by fusion of the macronuclear nodules. B(1–3) – dorsal brush rows, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A3846615FFD6FFB5FF548AEAFB1804DE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10371163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371163/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="179" startId="20.[132,175,1720,1742]" targetBox="[135,1457,231,1646]" targetPageId="20" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFD6FFB5FF548AEAFB1804DE" blockId="20.[132,1465,1720,1938]" pageId="20" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD6FFB5FF548AEAFF600581" bold="true" box="[132,247,1720,1742]" pageId="20" pageNumber="179">Figs 13a–g.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFD6FFB5FF2E8AEAFD9D0581" authorityName="Foissner & Wolf & Kumar & Quintela-Alonso" authorityYear="2014" box="[254,522,1720,1741]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="20" pageNumber="179" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bromeliophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD6FFB5FF2E8AEAFD9D0581" box="[254,522,1720,1741]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="179">Spathidium bromeliophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
after protargol impregnation.
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD6FFB5FCFD8AEAFCAE0581" bold="true" box="[813,825,1720,1741]" pageId="20" pageNumber="179">a</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD6FFB5FC958AEAFCC50581" bold="true" box="[837,850,1720,1741]" pageId="20" pageNumber="179">b</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD6FFB5FC8F8AEAFCFD0581" bold="true" box="[863,874,1720,1741]" pageId="20" pageNumber="179">e</emphasis>
|
||
– anterior body portion of three specimens, showing the oral bulge whose ventral third is curved laterally in 80% of the specimens (b) and straight in the rest (a, e). Note the oblique microtubule bundles originating from the dikinetids of the circumoral kinety (a) and forming the oral basket (e, arrowheads);
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD6FFB5FB5B8AA2FB010449" bold="true" box="[1163,1174,1776,1797]" pageId="20" pageNumber="179">c</emphasis>
|
||
– view of the inflated fission area of a middle divider, showing micronuclear fission and the macronuclear strand that developed by fusion of the macronuclear nodules;
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD6FFB5FF548B7AFF060471" bold="true" box="[132,145,1832,1853]" pageId="20" pageNumber="179">d</emphasis>
|
||
– post-conjugant, showing four macronuclear nodules and the slightly convex oral bulge whose dorsal end is higher than the ventral end;
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD6FFB5FF548B16FF1B0416" bold="true" box="[132,140,1860,1882]" pageId="20" pageNumber="179">f</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD6FFB5FF4A8B16FF310415" bold="true" box="[154,166,1860,1881]" pageId="20" pageNumber="179">g</emphasis>
|
||
– an early divider, showing a slight body indentation (asterisk) and basal body production in the prospective division zone of most kineties. B – dorsal brush, BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, E – extrusomes, F – oral bulge fibres (microtubule bundles), MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A3846615FFD7FFB4FFAD8F31FF7800A6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10371167" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10371167" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10371167/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="180" startId="21.[125,168,867,889]" targetBox="[125,1450,223,840]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFD7FFB4FFAD8F31FF7800A6" blockId="21.[125,1456,867,1002]" pageId="21" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD7FFB4FFAD8F31FF790035" bold="true" box="[125,238,867,889]" pageId="21" pageNumber="180">Figs 14a–c.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFD7FFB4FF258F36FD960035" authorityName="Foissner & Wolf & Kumar & Quintela-Alonso" authorityYear="2014" box="[245,513,868,889]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="180" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bromeliophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD7FFB4FF258F36FD960035" box="[245,513,868,889]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="180">Spathidium bromeliophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, late divider after protargol impregnation.
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD7FFB4FC4D8F36FC570035" bold="true" box="[925,960,868,889]" pageId="21" pageNumber="180">a–c</emphasis>
|
||
– overview and details of the fission area, showing the ventral (b) and dorsal (c) side. Arrowheads (b) mark the growing nematodesma bundles (oral basket fibres) originating from the dikinetids of the circumoral kinety fragments. Arrow (c) denotes a bleb left of the circumoral kinety fragments of the opisthe. 1, 2, 3 – dorsal brush rows, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFD7FFB4FF738A34FD0A047C" blockId="21.[124,773,1112,1945]" pageId="21" pageNumber="180">
|
||
Main differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFD7FFB4FE3D8A34FD5C05CC" authorityName="Foissner & Wolf & Kumar & Quintela-Alonso" authorityYear="2014" box="[493,715,1638,1664]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="180" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bromeliophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD7FFB4FE3D8A34FD5C05CC" box="[493,715,1638,1664]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="180">S. bromeliophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFD7FFB4FFAD8AD8FF6805EF" box="[125,255,1673,1700]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="180" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="alqasabi">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD7FFB4FFAD8AD8FF6805EF" box="[125,255,1673,1700]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="180">S. alqasabi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(averages, protargol): body length (125 µm vs. 171 µm), ratio body length:length of oral bulge (3.8 vs. 5.7), length of dorsal brush row 2 (27 µm vs. 42 µm), number of dikinetids in dorsal brush row 2 (23 vs. 32), temporary cytostome (absent vs. present).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFD7FFB4FF738B6BFAB707B3" blockId="21.[124,773,1112,1945]" lastBlockId="21.[808,1457,1111,1739]" pageId="21" pageNumber="180">
|
||
Main differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFD7FFB4FE3D8B6BFD5C041F" authorityName="Foissner & Wolf & Kumar & Quintela-Alonso" authorityYear="2014" box="[493,715,1849,1875]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="180" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bromeliophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD7FFB4FE3D8B6BFD5C041F" box="[493,715,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="180">S. bromeliophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFD7FFB4FFAD8B0EFEBB043A" authorityName="Foissner, Quintela-Alonso & Al Rasheid" authorityYear="2008" box="[125,300,1884,1910]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="180" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="fraterculum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD7FFB4FFAD8B0EFEBB043A" box="[125,300,1884,1910]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="180">S. fraterculum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(averages, protargol): length of dorsal brush kinety 1 (22 µm vs. 34 µm), length of dorsal brush kinety 2 (27 µm vs. 38 µm), length of dorsal brush kinety 3 (26 µm vs. 36 µm), number of dikinetids in brush row 1 (17 vs. 27), in row 2 (23 vs. 40), and in row 3 (17 vs. 27), number of macronuclear nodules (30 vs. 67), number of ciliary rows (17 vs. 28).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFD7FFB4FC9F895AFBD506BA" blockId="21.[808,1457,1111,1739]" pageId="21" pageNumber="180">
|
||
Main differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFD7FFB4FB49895BFAE0066E" authorityName="Foissner & Wolf & Kumar & Quintela-Alonso" authorityYear="2014" box="[1177,1399,1288,1315]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="180" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bromeliophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD7FFB4FB49895BFAE0066E" box="[1177,1399,1288,1315]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="180">S. bromeliophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFD7FFB4FCF9897EFC25060A" authorityName="Vdacny, Hlubikova & Tirjakova" authorityYear="2006" box="[809,946,1324,1350]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="180" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="foissneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD7FFB4FCF9897EFC25060A" box="[809,946,1324,1350]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="180">S. foissneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(averages, protargol): dorsal brush isostichad vs. heterostichad, length of brush row 1 (22 µm vs. 32 µm), of row 2 (27 µm vs. 37 µm), and row 3 (26 µm vs. 11 µm), dikinetids in brush row 1 (17 vs. 30), in row 2 (23 vs. 35), and in row 3 (17 vs. 10), number of ciliary rows (17 vs. 23).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F744369DFFD7FFB4FC9F89ADFA810586" blockId="21.[808,1457,1111,1739]" pageId="21" pageNumber="180">
|
||
Main differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFD7FFB4FB498A52FAE00555" authorityName="Foissner & Wolf & Kumar & Quintela-Alonso" authorityYear="2014" box="[1177,1399,1535,1562]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="180" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="bromeliophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD7FFB4FB498A52FAE00555" box="[1177,1399,1535,1562]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="180">S. bromeliophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30FB4D1EFFD7FFB4FCF98A71FC3D0571" box="[809,938,1571,1597]" class="Gymnostomatea" family="Spathidiidae" genus="Spathidium" kingdom="Chromista" order="Spathidiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="180" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="seppelti">
|
||
<emphasis id="C58FEA8FFFD7FFB4FCF98A71FC3D0571" box="[809,938,1571,1597]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="180">S. seppelti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(averages, protargol): dorsal brush isostichad vs. heterostichad, number of dikinetids in brush row 3 (17 vs. 8), length of brush row 3 (26 µm vs. 10 µm), number of macronuclear nodules (30 vs.> 100), temporary cytostome (absent vs. present).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |