491 lines
53 KiB
XML
491 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document id="C7C86918240144F0E28F67E072DB8C89" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.197448" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f404d861-6038-451d-b7d6-a76a97606159" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="197448" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460270039427" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Coloma, Luis A., Duellman, William E., C, Ana Almendáriz, Ron, Santiago R., Terán-Valdez, Andrea & Guayasamin, Juan M." docDate="2010" docId="740287FA556AFFD4FF75E5DDA0B9E43E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02574p054.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2574" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Atelopus orcesi Coloma, Duellman, C, Ron, Terán-Valdez & Guayasamin, 2010, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="883BFF825565FFC7FFE2E65FA05DE009" masterDocTitle="Five new (extinct?) species of Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae) from Andean Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1698246553572" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BAE8C59C667C9BAC985C48388929F5E0">
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<mods:title id="AECC302559D03306B4B9933EB26D6587">Five new (extinct?) species of Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae) from Andean Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="007344FC1A2A2CCA1A66504766294E1F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="82F95191B4FD90A8C486CCF25843080C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BDB4726CB730C67930ADE547707C9237">Coloma, Luis A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="3B59ADD30677C26CC1FC3FB2BD548ECE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AF6D33A30189A8DE163CFA3E9466A93E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AB3792BA39672EAC27893FB16725996D">Duellman, William E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="BA0D4464E1D0C7A3B04C33342E20A7EB" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9968A2CB7157F9E455B7DCCB10E04EB7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8490A84D9F8A8EE624C8952CF7E1C5AF">C, Ana Almendáriz</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="80AEAF7F73C2574B7219C6826596AB24" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2A0C41747BF6A4731836D2DD82474838">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1CA4D822D09BA3F3D3035494F1B17FEB">Ron, Santiago R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="26049310B12AEFB0C1AC4A1D674D710B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E50DFD0F48793B459A389301444672FF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0FDCD4C7F3F5653D2368D3E28620A0B9">Terán-Valdez, Andrea</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="484E1EA4E7A442F73EBB73BFCC6295CF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BCFBAF2E06B1DEF5BA3B1C1D8B528A98">Guayasamin, Juan M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="38C8263BE755D268E838F8803F603F85">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B2FB787E6E14C533204796518B0F8D37">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="27F3ECD8965745FBD2E1221D1D4B1C27">
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<mods:date id="9EEAC17092509835EAAF0BDD37CFAAC4">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="72983C32D9581F3AB9F2863AF225352D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="13E834E406F840163961197A1EC811B3">2574</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="85B9FA189C7E7F7257F1B30A7E757DFE">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="6CB79F66323570E97FDBD97918A60FDB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CAF6FF7A2F90006F4FCA21ECC2B9F95D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.197448</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BFEFEEC93F8132645E21A18653F9CA67" type="GBIF-Dataset">f404d861-6038-451d-b7d6-a76a97606159</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3F738EC21DFC668C20F8E18F4216D9E2" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="82223EB55E0C30438502B708F9904C6F" type="Zenodo-Dep">197448</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="740287FA556AFFD4FF75E5DDA0B9E43E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6202182" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119394976" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6202182" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:740287FA556AFFD4FF75E5DDA0B9E43E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/740287FA556AFFD4FF75E5DDA0B9E43E" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="B4B16567556AFFC8FF75E5DDA1E9E395" box="[151,436,898,924]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FC1436EC556AFFC8FF75E5DDA1E9E395" blockId="15.[151,436,898,924]" box="[151,436,898,924]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="A75C8180556AFFC8FF75E5DDA1E9E395" bold="true" box="[151,436,898,924]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FF75E5DDA1E9E395" bold="true" box="[151,436,898,924]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FF75E5DDA10DE395" ID-CoL="J8ZT" box="[151,336,898,924]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orcesi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FF75E5DDA10DE395" bold="true" box="[151,336,898,924]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Atelopus orcesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5EC5785556AFFC8FEB4E5DDA1E9E395" box="[342,436,898,924]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B4B16567556AFFC8FF75E595A380E426" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC556AFFC8FF75E595A409E403" blockId="15.[151,1436,970,1970]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FF75E595A14DE3ED" bold="true" box="[151,272,970,996]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<typeStatus id="2310884E556AFFC8FF75E595A156E3ED" box="[151,267,970,996]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="9ABAAE29556AFFC8FEFBE595A12EE3ED" box="[281,371,970,996]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MHNG</collectionCode>
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2684.75, adult gravid female, from La Alegría-Sibundoy (0˚ 34' N, 77˚ 31' W;
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<quantity id="3B539B09556AFFC8FAD2E595A5D3E3ED" box="[1328,1422,970,996]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="2400.0">2400 m</quantity>
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), Provincia de Sucumbíos,
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<collectingCountry id="84BC767C556AFFC8FE20E5AFA278E403" box="[450,549,1008,1034]" name="Ecuador" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, collected in
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<date id="8815102C556AFFC8FD22E5AFA366E403" box="[704,827,1008,1034]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1988-05">May 1988</date>
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, by Ana María Velasco.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FC1436EC556AFFC8FF24E24AA380E426" blockId="15.[151,1436,970,1970]" box="[198,989,1045,1071]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FF24E24AA162E426" bold="true" box="[198,319,1045,1071]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<typeStatus id="2310884E556AFFC8FF24E24AA167E426" box="[198,314,1045,1071]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="9ABAAE29556AFFC8FEA5E24AA1FCE426" box="[327,417,1045,1071]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MHNG</collectionCode>
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2559.67, adult male with same data as
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<typeStatus id="2310884E556AFFC8FC8CE24AA385E426" box="[878,984,1045,1071]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B4B16567556AFFD7FF24E265A3A4E20B" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="FC1436EC556AFFC8FF24E265A560E58B" blockId="15.[151,1436,970,1970]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FF24E265A11BE45D" bold="true" box="[198,326,1082,1108]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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(1) A medium-sized species with SVL in adult male
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<quantity id="3B539B09556AFFC8FC52E265A445E45D" box="[944,1048,1082,1108]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.94" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="29.4">29.4 mm</quantity>
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and in adult female
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<quantity id="3B539B09556AFFC8FAE1E265A533E45D" box="[1283,1390,1082,1108]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.21" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="42.1">42.1 mm</quantity>
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; (2) hind limbs short, tibia length/SVL 0.354–0.415; (3) phalangeal formula of hand 2-2-3-3 (inferred), basal webbing absent; (4) foot webbing formula
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FD88E2D7A228E4AB" bold="true" box="[618,629,1160,1186]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">I</emphasis>
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(0-0+)—(½-1)
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FCFAE2D7A373E4AB" bold="true" box="[792,814,1160,1186]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">II</emphasis>
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(0+)—(1-)
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FC7DE2D7A39CE4AB" bold="true" box="[927,961,1160,1186]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">III</emphasis>
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(½-1-)—(½)
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FBADE2D7A432E4AB" bold="true" box="[1103,1135,1160,1186]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">IV</emphasis>
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(½)—(0—½)
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FAEEE2D7A542E4AB" bold="true" box="[1292,1311,1160,1186]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">V</emphasis>
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; (5) snout acuminate, protruding beyond lower jaw; (6) tympanic membrane absent; (7) dorsal surfaces of body smooth, and warty on limbs; (8) row of yellow creamy warts on dorsolateral body of male, flanks with few, scattered, minute spiculae on female; (9) vertebral neural processes inconspicuous; (10) dorsum light to dark brown (in preservative), bearing a rudimentary X-shaped mark anteriorly and scattered small marks posteriorly; (11) minute gray stippling absent on dorsum of body, but minute white stippling present; (12) venter cream (in preservative) with a brown mark on gular-chest region; (13) gular region without warts, spiculae or coni.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FC1436EC556AFFC8FF24E3D1A22CE68E" blockId="15.[151,1436,970,1970]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FF24E3D1A126E5AE" box="[198,379,1422,1447]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orcesi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FF24E3D1A126E5AE" box="[198,379,1422,1447]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Atelopus orcesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5EC5785556AFFC8FE60E3D2A180E5AE" box="[386,477,1421,1447]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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is distinct from most species of
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FCB8E3D1A39CE5AE" box="[858,961,1422,1447]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FCB8E3D1A39CE5AE" box="[858,961,1422,1447]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Atelopus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the combination of two features, i.e., bearing an X-shaped mark on anterior dorsum and by male having a conspicuous dorsolateral row of warts on the body. Only
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FEBBE387A323E5FB" authority="Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo" authorityName="Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo" box="[345,894,1496,1522]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laetissimus">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FEBBE387A25DE5F8" box="[345,512,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. laetissimus</emphasis>
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Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo
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</taxonomicName>
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, and Hernández-Camacho,
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FB2DE387A0B7E61E" authority="Rivero" authorityName="Rivero" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mucubajiensis">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FB2DE387A5C1E5F8" box="[1231,1436,1496,1521]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. mucubajiensis</emphasis>
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Rivero
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FF1BE3A1A358E61E" authority="Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo" authorityName="Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo" box="[249,773,1533,1559]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nahumae">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FF1BE3A1A1D4E61E" box="[249,393,1534,1559]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. nahumae</emphasis>
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Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo
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</taxonomicName>
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, and Hernández-Camacho,
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FBB1E3A1A566E61E" authority="Rivero" authorityName="Rivero" box="[1107,1339,1533,1559]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinangoi">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FBB1E3A1A482E61E" box="[1107,1247,1534,1559]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. pinangoi</emphasis>
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Rivero
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FA61E3A1A190E635" authority="Rivero and Serna" authorityName="Rivero and Serna" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanjosei">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FA61E3A1A0AAE635" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. sanjosei</emphasis>
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Rivero and Serna
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</taxonomicName>
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, share these two features.
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FD1DE07CA55CE635" authority="Lichtenstein and Martens" authorityName="Lichtenstein and Martens" box="[767,1281,1570,1596]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cruciger">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FD1DE07CA38DE635" box="[767,976,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Atelopus cruciger</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="84BC767C556AFFC8FC3AE07DA434E635" box="[984,1129,1570,1596]" name="Liechtenstein" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lichtenstein</collectingCountry>
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and Martens
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FAD8E07CA152E66B" authority="Rivero" authorityName="Rivero" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walkeri">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FAD8E07CA0E5E668" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. walkeri</emphasis>
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Rivero
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</taxonomicName>
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also have these features, but females of these species have a conspicuous dorsolateral row of warts on the body (absent in female
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<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FE18E031A23DE68E" box="[506,608,1646,1671]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orcesi">
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<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FE18E031A23DE68E" box="[506,608,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. orcesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FC1436EC556AFFC8FF24E0CCA56DE7BB" blockId="15.[151,1436,970,1970]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FF24E0CCA1DDE6A5" box="[198,384,1683,1708]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orcesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FF24E0CCA1DDE6A5" box="[198,384,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Atelopus orcesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is mostly similar to two specimens (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FCB2E0CCA3EBE6A5" box="[848,950,1683,1708]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FCB2E0CCA3EBE6A5" box="[848,950,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Atelopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 16;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D556AFFC8FBC0E0CDA512E6A5" author="Rueda-Almonacid" box="[1058,1359,1682,1708]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Rueda-Almonacid, J. V. (2005 a) Atelopus sp. 16. In: Rueda-Almonacid, J. V., Rodriguez-Mahecha, J. V., Lotters, S., La Marca, E., Kahn, T. & Angulo, A. (Eds.) Ranas arlequines. Conservacion Internacional. Panamericana Formas e Impresos S. A., Bogota, Colombia, 152 pp." type="book" year="2005" yearSuffix="a">Rueda-Almonacid 2005a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) from Departamentos del Chocó and Valle from western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C556AFFC8FD0AE0E7A302E6DB" box="[744,863,1720,1746]" name="Colombia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Although they are geographically separated and on opposite sides of the Andes, and they also differ by female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FC7AE081A45DE6FE" box="[920,1024,1758,1783]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orcesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FC7AE081A45DE6FE" box="[920,1024,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. orcesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having a brown band on flank, the possibility that they are conspecific remains to be further investigated with a larger sample size. The morphological character that differentiates them might be polymorphic.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FC6CE177A419E748" box="[910,1092,1832,1857]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orcesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FC6CE177A419E748" box="[910,1092,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Atelopus orcesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FAF4E177A146E76E" authority="Peters" authorityName="Peters" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nepiozomus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FAF4E177A09BE76E" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. nepiozomus</emphasis>
|
||
Peters
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Provincia Morona-Santiago in southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C556AFFC8FC6BE112A3B0E76E" box="[905,1005,1869,1895]" name="Ecuador" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Both have a similar ventral color pattern.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FF1AE12CA1F0E785" box="[248,429,1907,1932]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orcesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FF1AE12CA1F0E785" box="[248,429,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Atelopus orcesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is larger (female
|
||
<typeStatus id="2310884E556AFFC8FD9DE12DA2B8E785" box="[639,741,1906,1932]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
SVL:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FCD7E12CA3C0E785" box="[821,925,1907,1932]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orcesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FCD7E12CA3C0E785" box="[821,925,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. orcesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
= 42.1
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FC18E12CA49AE785" box="[1018,1223,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
vs
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FBF9E12CA49AE785" box="[1051,1223,1907,1932]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nepiozomus">A. nepiozomus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
= 32.4) and lacks warts on dorsum (many low, rounded warts and pustules, which may be spiculate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F556AFFC8FB96E1C7A543E7B8" box="[1140,1310,1944,1969]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nepiozomus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE556AFFC8FB96E1C7A543E7B8" box="[1140,1310,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. nepiozomus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5575FFD7FF24E6C7A3A4E20B" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,2010]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5575FFD7FF24E6C7A121E0B8" box="[198,380,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orcesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FF24E6C7A121E0B8" box="[198,380,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Atelopus orcesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FDFBE6C7A4DBE0B8" box="[537,1158,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5575FFD7FDFBE6C7A350E0B8" box="[537,781,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laetissimus">Atelopus laetissimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5575FFD7FCFBE6C7A3BBE0B8" box="[793,998,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mucubajiensis">A. mucubajiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5575FFD7FC10E6C7A4DFE0B8" box="[1010,1154,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nahumae">A. nahumae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5575FFD7FB23E6C7A517E0B8" box="[1217,1354,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinangoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FB23E6C7A517E0B8" box="[1217,1354,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. pinangoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the contrasting color of the row of warts (not contrasting color in
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FC98E6E2A5C1E0DF" box="[890,1436,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5575FFD7FC98E6E2A47CE0DF" box="[890,1057,189,214]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laetissimus">A. laetissimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5575FFD7FBCCE6E2A4A6E0DF" box="[1070,1275,189,214]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mucubajiensis">A. mucubajiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5575FFD7FAE5E6E2A5CAE0DF" box="[1287,1431,189,214]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nahumae">A. nahumae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5575FFD7FF2BE6BDA10CE0F2" box="[201,337,226,251]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinangoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FF2BE6BDA10CE0F2" box="[201,337,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. pinangoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and by the female having a pale brown band on the flank (band on flank absent in
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FAD0E6BDA1E0E128" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5575FFD7FAD0E6BDA080E128" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laetissimus">A. laetissimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5575FFD7FF09E757A1E4E128" box="[235,441,264,289]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mucubajiensis">A. mucubajiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5575FFD7FE1EE757A2DAE128" box="[508,647,264,289]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinangoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FE1EE757A2DAE128" box="[508,647,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. pinangoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5575FFD7FCA4E757A3EDE128" box="[838,944,264,289]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orcesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FCA4E757A3EDE128" box="[838,944,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. orcesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is geographically distant and geographically isolated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5575FFD7FE9AE772A247E14F" box="[376,538,301,326]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laetissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FE9AE772A247E14F" box="[376,538,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. laetissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5575FFD7FDB1E772A283E14F" box="[595,734,301,326]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nahumae">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FDB1E772A283E14F" box="[595,734,301,326]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. nahumae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Sierra Nevada de Santa
|
||
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5575FFD7FBA7E772A4D6E14E" box="[1093,1163,301,327]" name="Malta" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Marta</collectingCountry>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5575FFD7FB52E772A57AE14E" box="[1200,1319,301,327]" name="Colombia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5575FFD7FF75E70DA102E162" box="[151,351,338,363]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mucubajiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FF75E70DA102E162" box="[151,351,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. mucubajiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5575FFD7FE75E70DA27DE162" box="[407,544,338,363]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pinangoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FE75E70DA27DE162" box="[407,544,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. pinangoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Sierra de Santo
|
||
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5575FFD7FCCBE70DA3C5E165" box="[809,920,338,364]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Domingo</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the Cordillera de Mérida of the Venezuelan Andes.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5575FFD7FEFEE727A18CE198" box="[284,465,376,401]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orcesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FEFEE727A18CE198" box="[284,465,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Atelopus orcesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the smaller
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5575FFD7FD14E727A32AE198" box="[758,887,376,401]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanjosei">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FD14E727A32AE198" box="[758,887,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. sanjosei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female SVL
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5575FFD7FBFDE727A4DAE198" box="[1055,1159,376,401]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orcesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FBFDE727A4DAE198" box="[1055,1159,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. orcesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
= 42.1
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FB00E727A4A6E198" box="[1250,1275,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">vs</emphasis>
|
||
females SVL
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5575FFD7FF75E7C2A144E1BF" box="[151,281,413,438]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanjosei">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FF75E7C2A144E1BF" box="[151,281,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. sanjosei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<quantity id="3B539B095575FFD7FEDEE7C2A1B6E1BE" box="[316,491,413,439]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.21" metricValueMax="3.27" metricValueMin="3.15" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="32.1" valueMax="32.7" valueMin="31.5">31.5–32.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FE1BE7C2A255E1BF" box="[505,520,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2) (from the eastern versant of Cordillera Central in Departamento Antioquia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5575FFD7FF38E79DA10DE1D5" box="[218,336,450,476]" name="Colombia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) by female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5575FFD7FDE2E79DA234E1D2" box="[512,617,450,475]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orcesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FDE2E79DA234E1D2" box="[512,617,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. orcesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacking the dorsolateral row of warts (present in female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5575FFD7FAF2E79DA5CFE1D2" box="[1296,1426,450,475]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanjosei">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FAF2E79DA5CFE1D2" box="[1296,1426,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. sanjosei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and by having a brown mark on gular-chest region (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5575FFD7FC8AE7B7A3B5E208" box="[872,1000,488,513]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanjosei">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FC8AE7B7A3B5E208" box="[872,1000,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A. sanjosei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B4B165675575FFD4FF24E452A19DE135" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5575FFD7FF24E452A224E37E" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,2010]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FF24E452A1ACE22E" bold="true" box="[198,497,525,551]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="2310884E5575FFD7FE9CE452A1B6E22E" box="[382,491,525,551]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="64902A695575FFD7FDE3E452A20FE22E" box="[513,594,525,551]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,255,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,327,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,327,1955]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. — Holotype and paratype of Atelopus orcesi (MHNG 2684.75, 2559.67, respectively): (A) adult female, SVL = 42.1 mm; (B) adult male, SVL = 29.4 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197455/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 8A, 8C, 8D, virtual animation). Female. Head about as long as wide, HLSQ and HDWD less than one third SVL (HLSQ/SVL = 0.263, HDWD/SVL = 0.256); snout acuminate, its margin triangle-shaped with a round anterior vertex in dorsal view; profile of tip of snout in lateral view nearly straight and protuberant to the anterior margin of jaw; no swollen gland on tip of snout; nostrils slightly protuberant, directed laterally, situated posterior to level of apex of lower jaw; canthus rostralis distinct, weakly concave from eye to nostril; loreal region concave; lips slightly flared; interorbital and occipital regions flat, smooth; eyelid flared without tubercles; postorbital crest slightly raised, not glandular; low pretympanic and post-tympanic areas warty; tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus absent; temporal area smooth; choanae small, rounded, widely separated (29 % of HW); tongue about twice as long as wide, its posterior half not attached to floor of mouth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5575FFD7FF24E5DDA27BE4AD" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,2010]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Forearm relatively short (RDUL/SVL = 0.264); palmar tubercle round; thenar tubercle nearly indistinct, supernumerary palmar and subarticular tubercles absent; digital tips with round pads; thumb relatively long (THBL/HAND = 0.615), apparently having two phalanges; webbing on hands absent, fingers lacking lateral fringes; relative length of fingers II<III=V<IV. Tibia relatively short (TIBL/SVL = 0.354); fold on distal half of inner edge of tarsus absent; inner metatarsal tubercle oval, distinct; outer metatarsal tubercle conical, low raised, about one third length of inner metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary plantar and subarticular tubercles absent; digital pads distinct; webbing formula of foot
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FCFEE23AA36CE476" bold="true" box="[796,817,1125,1151]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">I(</emphasis>
|
||
0+)—(1-)
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FC7AE23AA3E5E476" bold="true" box="[920,952,1125,1151]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">II(</emphasis>
|
||
0+)—(1-)
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FBFCE23AA417E476" bold="true" box="[1054,1098,1125,1151]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">III(</emphasis>
|
||
½)—(½)
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FB53E23AA486E476" bold="true" box="[1201,1243,1125,1151]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">IV(</emphasis>
|
||
½)—(½)
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FAA0E23AA508E476" bold="true" box="[1346,1365,1125,1151]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">V</emphasis>
|
||
; relative length of toes I<II<III=V<IV.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5575FFD7FF24E2EFA16DE58D" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,2010]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dorsal surfaces of body smooth; dorsal surfaces of limbs bearing small warts, except on hands and feet; warts present on temporal region and flanks with minute, scattered spiculae; anterior and upper surfaces of arms bearing spiculae; a single white, round, small, symmetrical tubercle on distal outer side of arm; throat, chest, belly, and undersides of hind limbs nearly smooth; cloacal opening a tube at upper level of thighs, directed posteriorly; rugose skin with few spicuale lateral to cloacal opening, and warty area at posterior, lower thighs.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5575FFD7FF24E3CFA231E6F3" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,2010]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">In preservative (~70 % ethanol), dorsum of head, body, loreal and temporal regions mostly pale brown with a rudimentary (fragmented) X-shaped mark on head and suprascapular region, dorsum of body bearing three small dark brown marks; pale brown, oblique lateral band (bordered by a dark brown line) from temporal to inguinal regions, upper margin of band nearly straight and lower margin irregular; dorsal and ventral surfaces of limbs dark brown, with scattered darker or paler marks; minute white stippling present (gray stippling absent) on dorsum of body (viewed at maximum magnification with a dissecting microscope); tips of spiculae white; throat cream with a large brown mark extending to chest; belly, ventral surfaces of limbs, palms, soles mostly yellowish cream, except outer marginal parts covered by brown specially at tarsus and feet; pelvic patch distally covered by black mark; proximal end of tongue lacking black pigmentation, margin of maxillae with contrasting gray stripe.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5575FFD7FF24E15AA45EE74D" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,2010]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FF24E15AA24EE716" bold="true" box="[198,531,1797,1823]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus id="2310884E5575FFD7FE45E15AA24EE716" box="[423,531,1797,1823]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FDC7E15AA20BE716" bold="true" box="[549,598,1797,1823]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">mm</emphasis>
|
||
): SVL 42.1, TIBL 14.9, FOOT 14.4, HLSQ 11.1, HDWD 10.8, ITNR 4.3, EYDM 3.5, EYNO 2.6, RDUL 11.1, HAND 9.6, THBL 5.9, SW 12.4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5575FFD6FF24E10FA23CE12B" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,2010]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,152,290]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5575FFD7FF24E10FA11CE763" bold="true" box="[198,321,1872,1898]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="64902A695575FFD7FEB4E10FA1F7E763" box="[342,426,1872,1898]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,255,1977,2001]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,327,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,327,1955]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. — Holotype and paratype of Atelopus orcesi (MHNG 2684.75, 2559.67, respectively): (A) adult female, SVL = 42.1 mm; (B) adult male, SVL = 29.4 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197455/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 8B, virtual animation). The male
|
||
<typeStatus id="2310884E5575FFD7FC80E10FA39AE763" box="[866,967,1872,1898]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
has the following measurements: SVL 29.4, TIBL 12.2, FOOT 11.5, HLSQ 9.5, HDWD 9.1, ITNR 3.5, EYDM 3.1, EYNO 2.5, RDUL 8.6, HAND 7.1, THBL 4.0, SW 9.0. The male
|
||
<typeStatus id="2310884E5575FFD7FDA7E1C5A2F7E7BD" box="[581,682,1946,1972]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
resembles the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2310884E5575FFD7FC80E1C5A395E7BD" box="[866,968,1946,1972]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with the following exceptions. Sexual dimorphism is evident in that it is smaller than the female. It has vocal slits and keratinized nuptial pads on the dorsal and inner surfaces of the thumb. Forelimbs are relatively long and slender in female. A tubercle is absent on the forearm of the male, which lacks spiculae on the flanks. The male bears a dorsolateral row of conspicuous warts from the suprascapular to the inguinal regions on the body (see discussion), and has a more protuberant snout, bearing a keeled tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A8D466645574FFD6FF75E1E6A2F3E7F9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197455/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" targetBox="[151,1436,327,1955]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5574FFD6FF75E1E6A2F3E7F9" blockId="17.[151,1436,1977,2032]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5574FFD6FF75E1E6A14BE7D8" bold="true" box="[151,278,1977,2001]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
|
||
.—Holotype and paratype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5574FFD6FDBEE1E6A359E7D9" box="[604,772,1977,2000]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orcesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5574FFD6FDBEE1E6A359E7D9" box="[604,772,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Atelopus orcesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MHNG 2684.75, 2559.67, respectively): (A) adult female, SVL = 42.1 mm; (B) adult male, SVL = 29.4 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A8D466645577FFD5FF75E16EA1A1E780" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197456/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" targetBox="[151,1436,151,1804]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5577FFD5FF75E16EA1A1E780" blockId="18.[151,1436,1841,1929]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5577FFD5FF75E16EA149E740" bold="true" box="[151,276,1841,1865]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIGURE 8</emphasis>
|
||
.—Holotype and paratype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5577FFD5FDB4E16DA2A1E740" box="[598,764,1842,1865]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orcesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5577FFD5FDB4E16DA2A1E740" box="[598,764,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Atelopus orcesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MHNG 2684.75, 2559.67, respectively): (A) lateral view of adult female; (B) lateral view of adult male; (C) ventral view of right hand, enlarged 4.2 times of A; (D) ventral view of left foot; enlarged 4.7 times of A.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5576FFD4FF24E6C8A37AE0FE" blockId="19.[151,1436,150,1079]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5576FFD4FF24E6C8A217E0B8" bold="true" box="[198,586,151,177]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Color variation in preservative</emphasis>
|
||
(~70 % ethanol): The dorsum is paler than in the female. The X-shaped mark on the head is more continuous, and there are more scattered marks on posterior dorsum. The marks are nearly black, and there is no defined band on the flanks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5576FFD4FF24E6A0A1BBE113" blockId="19.[151,1436,150,1079]" box="[198,486,255,282]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5576FFD4FF24E6A0A13EE110" bold="true" box="[198,355,255,281]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Color in life.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5576FFD4FF24E77DA19DE135" blockId="19.[151,1436,150,1079]" box="[198,448,290,316]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5576FFD4FF24E77DA160E135" bold="true" box="[198,317,290,316]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Tadpoles.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B4B165675576FFD4FF24E71AA38AE34D" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5576FFD4FF24E71AA4BBE1CE" blockId="19.[151,1436,150,1079]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5576FFD4FF24E71AA317E156" bold="true" box="[198,842,325,351]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distribution, ecology and current population status.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5576FFD4FCB2E71AA459E157" box="[848,1028,325,350]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orcesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5576FFD4FCB2E71AA459E157" box="[848,1028,325,350]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Atelopus orcesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2310884E5576FFD4FAC2E71AA50EE156" box="[1312,1363,325,351]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality on the eastern versant of Cordillera Oriental in Provincia Sucumbíos,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5576FFD4FC0EE737A413E18B" box="[1004,1102,360,386]" name="Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="64902A695576FFD4FBBCE737A4F8E18B" box="[1118,1189,360,386]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,224,1873]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[130,1460,196,1899]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. — Map of southern Colombia and northern Ecuador showing localities of Atelopus angelito, A. ardila, A. gigas, A. orcesi, A. pastuso and a population of hypothetical hybrids between A. pastuso and A. ignescens. Symbols for A. ardila indicate one or several close localities." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197453/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="2310884E5576FFD4FB12E737A57EE18B" box="[1264,1315,360,386]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality is at about
|
||
<quantity id="3B539B095576FFD4FF1FE7D5A10AE1AD" box="[253,343,394,420]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="2400.0">2400 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level in Montane Cloud Forest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D5576FFD4FCB7E7D5A41AE1AD" author="Valencia" box="[853,1095,394,420]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Valencia, R., Ceron, C., Palacios, W. & Sierra, R. (1999) Las formaciones naturales de la Sierra del Ecuador. In: Sierra, R. (Ed.) Propuesta preliminar de un sistema de clasificacion de vegetacion para el Ecuador continental. Proyecto INEFAN / GERF-BIRF y Ecociencia, Quito, 79 - 108 pp." type="book chapter" year="1999">
|
||
Valencia
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5576FFD4FC26E7D5A45DE1AA" box="[964,1024,394,419]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). At the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2310884E5576FFD4FB4CE7D5A4BCE1AD" box="[1198,1249,394,420]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, annual mean temperature is 14.2 ºC and annual mean precipitation is
|
||
<quantity id="3B539B095576FFD4FC8CE7F2A380E1CE" box="[878,989,429,455]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.199" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="1199.0">1199 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D5576FFD4FC0EE7F2A484E1CE" author="Hijmans" box="[1004,1241,429,455]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Hijmans, R. J., Cameron, S. E., Parra, J. L., Jones, P. G. & Jarvis, A. (2005) Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology, 25, 1965 - 1978." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Hijmans
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5576FFD4FBBAE7F2A4CEE1CF" box="[1112,1171,429,454]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5576FFD4FF24E78FA17BE2D5" blockId="19.[151,1436,150,1079]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5576FFD4FF24E78FA126E1E0" box="[198,379,464,489]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orcesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5576FFD4FF24E78FA126E1E0" box="[198,379,464,489]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Atelopus orcesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered to be Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) (A2ace, IUCN Red List categories and criteria). The species is tagged as Possibly Extinct until further surveys confirm otherwise. The population probably declined dramatically (more than 80 %) in the last two decades because of climate change and the impact of pathogens, which have affected many other montane species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BAB4D6F5576FFD4FB16E467A506E258" box="[1268,1371,568,593]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5576FFD4FB16E467A506E258" box="[1268,1371,568,593]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Atelopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The amphibian chytrid fungus has been reported in very close proximity to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2310884E5576FFD4FBE7E405A46AE27D" box="[1029,1079,602,628]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality near Santa Bárbara in Sucumbíos Province (= Carchi Province of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D5576FFD4FD7EE422A3FAE29E" author="Ron" box="[668,935,637,663]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Ron, S. R. & Merino, A. (2000) Amphibian declines in Ecuador: overview and first report of chytridiomycosis from South America. Froglog, 42, 2 - 3." type="journal article" year="2000">Ron and Merino 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The risk factor of potential threat caused by the chytrid for anuran amphibian species calculated by Rödder
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5576FFD4FC78E4FFA389E2B0" box="[922,980,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009:
|
||
<figureCitation id="64902A695576FFD4FBC5E4FFA436E2B3" box="[1063,1131,672,698]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1940,1964]" captionTargetBox="[468,1102,1319,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[463,1117,1305,1921]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. — Axes PC I and PC II from Principal Components Analysis based on eight size-corrected morphological variables for populations of Atelopus ardila and A. ignescens from Colombia and Ecuador. Circles = A. ardila; X = A. ignescens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/197450/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C) is high at the area of its distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5576FFD4FF24E4BAA38AE34D" blockId="19.[151,1436,150,1079]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
No individuals have been reported after its discovery in
|
||
<date id="8815102C5576FFD4FC8AE4BAA3B9E2F6" box="[872,996,741,767]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1988-05">May 1988</date>
|
||
, despite at least one intensive search effort of about 40 person-hours at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2310884E5576FFD4FDB4E557A2D5E32B" box="[598,648,776,802]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality and surroundings at elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="3B539B095576FFD4FB9DE557A57CE32B" box="[1151,1313,776,802]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="2400.0" valueMax="2800.0" valueMin="2000.0">2000–2800 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level, in
|
||
<date id="8815102C5576FFD4FF1EE575A1EAE34D" box="[252,439,810,836]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2009-12">December 2009</date>
|
||
by Elicio Tapia and Samael Padilla of QCAZ.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B4B165675576FFD4FF24E512A0B9E43E" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1436EC5576FFD4FF24E512A0B9E43E" blockId="19.[151,1436,150,1079]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEDFEAFE5576FFD4FF24E512A10EE36E" bold="true" box="[198,339,845,871]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name is a noun in the genitive case and it is a patronym for Gustavo Edmundo Orcés Villagómez (
|
||
<date id="8815102C5576FFD4FE61E52FA250E383" box="[387,525,880,906]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1903" valueMax="1999">1903–1999</date>
|
||
), a pioneer of Ecuadorian vertebrate zoological research (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D5576FFD4FB34E52FA5CAE383" author="Albuja" box="[1238,1431,880,906]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Albuja, V. L. (2004) Dr. Gustavo Orces Villagomez (1903 - 1999). Politecnica, 25, 7 - 10." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Albuja
|
||
<date id="8815102C5576FFD4FAD6E52FA5CAE383" box="[1332,1431,880,906]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2004-05">V. 2004</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="983A4B1D5576FFD4FF75E5CDA17CE3A5" author="Adler" box="[151,289,914,940]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Adler, K. (2007) Orces V., Gustavo (1903 - 1999). In: Adler, K. (Ed.) Contributions to the History of Herpetology. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Dexter, USA, 394 pp." type="book chapter" year="2007">Adler 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We recognize his contributions as a mentor and professor of a generation of zoologists in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5576FFD4FABAE5CDA09DE3C6" name="Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, among them, two of us (LAC and AA). The specific name also is in recognition to the Fundación Herpetológica Gustavo Orcés that through the Vivarium, initially leaded by Jean-Marc Touzet and Ana María Velasco (the latter a collector of this species), pioneered herpetological public exhibits in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="84BC767C5576FFD4FB2AE5A5A577E41D" box="[1224,1322,1018,1044]" name="Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
since the 1980s.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |