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<mods:title>Frogs of the genus Platypelis from the Sorata massif in northern Madagascar: description of a new species and reports of range extensions</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Rakotoarison, Andolalao</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr, 4, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany &amp; Mention Zoologie et Biodiversite Animale, Faculte des Sciences, Universite d'Antananarivo, BP 906, Madagascar</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Scherz, Mark D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr, 4, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany &amp; Zoologische Staatssammlung Muenchen (ZSM-SNSB), Muenchhausenstr, 21, 81247 Muenchen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Koehler, Joern</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Friedensplatz 1, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Ratsoavina, Fanomezana M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Mention Zoologie et Biodiversite Animale, Faculte des Sciences, Universite d'Antananarivo, BP 906, Madagascar</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Hawlitschek, Oliver</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Zoologische Staatssammlung Muenchen (ZSM-SNSB), Muenchhausenstr, 21, 81247 Muenchen, Germany &amp; Centrum fuer Naturkunde (CeNak), Universitaet Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Megson, Steven</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M 1 5 GD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Vences, Miguel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr, 4, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Glaw, Frank</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Zoologische Staatssammlung Muenchen (ZSM-SNSB), Muenchhausenstr, 21, 81247 Muenchen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName LSID="65C89B03-0F34-5195-9EBF-2D15EC94BB95" authority="Guibe, 1974" authorityName="Guibe" authorityYear="1974" family="Microhylidae" genus="Platypelis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platypelis tsaratananaensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="263" rank="species" species="tsaratananaensis">
Platypelis tsaratananaensis 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guibé">Guibe</normalizedToken>
, 1974
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="263" type="identity">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="263">Identity.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="263">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guibe" authorityYear="1974" genus="Platypelis" lsidName="Platypelis tsaratananaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="263" rank="species" species="tsaratananaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="263">Platypelis tsaratananaensis</emphasis>
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was originally described by 
<bibRefCitation author="Guibe, J" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="263" pagination="1170 - 1192" refId="B10" refString="Guibe, J, 1974. Batraciens nouveaux de Madagascar. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire naturelle 3: 1170 - 1192" title="Batraciens nouveaux de Madagascar." volume="3" year="1974">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guibé">Guibe</normalizedToken>
(1974)
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from the holotype specimen MNHN 1993.685 (originally A685). 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa3563.1.1" author="Rakotoarison, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="263" pagination="1 - 25" refId="B19" refString="Rakotoarison, A, Glaw, F, Vieites, DR, Raminosoa, RN, Vences, M, 2012. Taxonomy and natural history of arboreal microhylid frogs (Platypelis) from the Tsaratanana Massif in northern Madagascar, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 3563: 1 - 25, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa3563.1.1" title="Taxonomy and natural history of arboreal microhylid frogs (Platypelis) from the Tsaratanana Massif in northern Madagascar, with description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa3563.1.1" volume="3563" year="2012">Rakotoarison et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
re-examined the holotype and studied newly observed and newly collected specimens from Tsaratanana. They stated that the species is characterised by &quot;medium body size (adult SVL 22-33 mm), most specimens with colored patches above the eyes, absence of reddish or yellowish ventral color, no sharp border between dorsal and lateral color, third toe distinctly shorter than fifth, vomerine teeth present, males with prepollical tubercle but lacking a finger-like prepollex as typical for 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1892" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Anodonthyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anodonthyla" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="263" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="263">Anodonthyla</emphasis>
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.&quot;
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="263">
Based on our molecular phylogeny we here extend this definition to also encompass specimens from the Sorata Massif (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Photographs in life of Platypelis tsaratananaensis from the Sorata Massif. a, b ZSM 5655 / 2012 (FGZC 3648); c, d ZSM 5654 / 2012 (FGZC 3647); e, f ZSM 5656 / 2012 (FGZC 3649)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.47088.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418563" pageId="0" pageNumber="263">7</figureCitation>
), as well as to those from the Marojejy Massif (the latter had previously been referred to as 
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="263">P.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 7 or 
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P." pageId="0" pageNumber="263" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="263">P.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. Ca7; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0810821106" author="Vieites, DR" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="263" pagination="8267 - 8272" refId="B37" refString="Vieites, DR, Wollenberg, KC, Andreone, F, Koehler, J, Glaw, F, Vences, M, 2009. Vast underestimation of Madagascar's biodiversity evidenced by an integrative amphibian inventory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106: 8267 - 8272, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0810821106" title="Vast underestimation of Madagascar's biodiversity evidenced by an integrative amphibian inventory." url="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0810821106" volume="106" year="2009">Vieites et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002942" author="Perl, RGB" journalOrPublisher="Amphibia-Reptilia" pageId="0" pageNumber="263" pagination="197 - 206" refId="B16" refString="Perl, RGB, Nagy, ZT, Sonet, G, Glaw, F, Wollenberg, KC, Vences, M, 2014. DNA barcoding Madagascar's amphibian fauna. Amphibia-Reptilia 35: 197 - 206, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002942" title="DNA barcoding Madagascar's amphibian fauna." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002942" volume="35" year="2014">Perl et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
), despite the substantial divergence among these populations of 3.0-5.6% p-distance in the 16S segment studied herein (see molecular results above). The Marojejy population had also been tentatively assigned to the species by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa3563.1.1" author="Rakotoarison, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="263" pagination="1 - 25" refId="B19" refString="Rakotoarison, A, Glaw, F, Vieites, DR, Raminosoa, RN, Vences, M, 2012. Taxonomy and natural history of arboreal microhylid frogs (Platypelis) from the Tsaratanana Massif in northern Madagascar, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 3563: 1 - 25, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa3563.1.1" title="Taxonomy and natural history of arboreal microhylid frogs (Platypelis) from the Tsaratanana Massif in northern Madagascar, with description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa3563.1.1" volume="3563" year="2012">Rakotoarison et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
. These populations will require thorough taxonomic revision in the future.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.96.47088.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418563" pageId="0" pageNumber="263" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="263">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="263">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Photographs in life of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guibe" authorityYear="1974" genus="Platypelis" lsidName="Platypelis tsaratananaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="263" rank="species" species="tsaratananaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="263">Platypelis tsaratananaensis</emphasis>
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from the Sorata Massif. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="263">a, b</emphasis>
ZSM 5655/2012 (FGZC 3648); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="263">c, d</emphasis>
ZSM 5654/2012 (FGZC 3647); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="263">e, f</emphasis>
ZSM 5656/2012 (FGZC 3649).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="263">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.019" author="Scherz, MD" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="263" pagination="372 - 381" refId="B28" refString="Scherz, MD, Vences, M, Rakotoarison, A, Andreone, F, Koehler, J, Glaw, F, Crottini, A, 2016. Reconciling molecular phylogeny, morphological divergence and classification of Madagascan narrow-mouthed frogs (Amphibia: Microhylidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 100: 372 - 381, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.019" title="Reconciling molecular phylogeny, morphological divergence and classification of Madagascan narrow-mouthed frogs (Amphibia: Microhylidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.019" volume="100" year="2016">Scherz et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
referred to the population from Sorata as 
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P." pageId="0" pageNumber="263" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="263">P.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. CaNEW1. They found these samples to be the sister clade to the sample AMNH 167233 PT-240, referred to as &quot; 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Glaw and Vences" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Cophyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cophyla occultans" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="263" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occultans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="263">Cophyla occultans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Vohemar KM509119&quot; by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12118" author="Peloso, PLV" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="0" pageNumber="263" pagination="113 - 140" refId="B14" refString="Peloso, PLV, Frost, DR, Richards, SJ, Rodrigues, MT, Donnellan, S, Matsui, M, Raxworthy, CJ, Biju, SD, Lemmon, EM, Lemmon, AR, Wheeler, WC, 2016. The impact of anchored phylogenomics and taxon sampling on phylogenetic inference in narrow-mouthed frogs (Anura, Microhylidae). Cladistics 32: 113 - 140, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12118" title="The impact of anchored phylogenomics and taxon sampling on phylogenetic inference in narrow-mouthed frogs (Anura, Microhylidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12118" volume="32" year="2016">Peloso et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
. The latter specimen is presumably from the Vohemar district in general, which includes part of Sorata.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="263" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="263">New material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="263">
UADBA-A specimens (FGZC 3646, FGZC 3765), and ZSM 5654/2012-5656/2012 (FGZC 3647-3649), collected on 28 November 2012 above the camp site on Sorata massif (close to 
<geoCoordinate degrees="13.6817" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-13.6817">13.6817S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="49.4411" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="49.4411">49.4411E</geoCoordinate>
, 1339 m a.s.l.), northern Madagascar, by F. Glaw, O. Hawlitschek, T. Rajoafiarison, A. Rakotoarison, F.M. Ratsoavina, and A. Razafimanantsoa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="263" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="263">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="263">
This species is known from Tsaratanana Strict Nature Reserve (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01596.x" author="Raxworthy, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Global Change Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="263" pagination="1703 - 1720" refId="B24" refString="Raxworthy, CJ, Pearson, RG, Rabibisoa, N, Rakotondrazafy, AM, Ramanamanjato, JB, Raselimanana, AP, Wu, S, Nussbaum, RA, Stone, DA, 2008. Extinction vulnerability of tropical montane endemism from warming and upslope displacement: a preliminary appraisal for the highest massif in Madagascar. Global Change Biology 14: 1703 - 1720, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01596.x" title="Extinction vulnerability of tropical montane endemism from warming and upslope displacement: a preliminary appraisal for the highest massif in Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01596.x" volume="14" year="2008">Raxworthy et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa3563.1.1" author="Rakotoarison, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="263" pagination="1 - 25" refId="B19" refString="Rakotoarison, A, Glaw, F, Vieites, DR, Raminosoa, RN, Vences, M, 2012. Taxonomy and natural history of arboreal microhylid frogs (Platypelis) from the Tsaratanana Massif in northern Madagascar, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 3563: 1 - 25, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa3563.1.1" title="Taxonomy and natural history of arboreal microhylid frogs (Platypelis) from the Tsaratanana Massif in northern Madagascar, with description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa3563.1.1" volume="3563" year="2012">Rakotoarison et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
) as well as several nearby sites (Bemanevika, Andrevorevo), the Sorata Massif, and the Marojejy Massif (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Approximate geographical location of occurrence records of the focal Platypelis species in our study (modified from Rakotoarison et al. 2012; showing only records for which molecular data are available). The map indicates elevation (green, lowest; red-yellow, highest). Localities and species occurring at these sites are as follows: (1 - 4) campsites on the Mangindrano-Maromokotro trail, Tsaratanana Massif (Antevialambazaha, Matsabory Maiky, Bepia, Andranomadio); (5) Bemanevika forest; (6) Andrevorevo; (7) Marojejy; (8) Sorata; (9) Andravory. Occurrence records of P. alticola (at sites 1 - 3, and a deep genetic lineage at 8), P. tsaratananaensis (at sites 1 - 3, and deep genetic lineages at 7 and 8), P. olgae (between sites 3 and 4), P. laetus sp. nov. and P. Ca 12 (site 8), and P. sp. Ca 13 (site 9)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.47088.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418558" pageId="0" pageNumber="263">2</figureCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa3563.1.1" author="Rakotoarison, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="263" pagination="1 - 25" refId="B19" refString="Rakotoarison, A, Glaw, F, Vieites, DR, Raminosoa, RN, Vences, M, 2012. Taxonomy and natural history of arboreal microhylid frogs (Platypelis) from the Tsaratanana Massif in northern Madagascar, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 3563: 1 - 25, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa3563.1.1" title="Taxonomy and natural history of arboreal microhylid frogs (Platypelis) from the Tsaratanana Massif in northern Madagascar, with description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa3563.1.1" volume="3563" year="2012">Rakotoarison et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
reported additional sites in need of confirmation (Tsararano and Anjanaharibe-Sud) based on photographs only.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="263" type="natural history">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="263">Natural history.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="263">
Widely distributed in Tsaratanana Strict Nature Reserve, these frogs inhabit bamboo holes (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01596.x" author="Raxworthy, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Global Change Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="263" pagination="1703 - 1720" refId="B24" refString="Raxworthy, CJ, Pearson, RG, Rabibisoa, N, Rakotondrazafy, AM, Ramanamanjato, JB, Raselimanana, AP, Wu, S, Nussbaum, RA, Stone, DA, 2008. Extinction vulnerability of tropical montane endemism from warming and upslope displacement: a preliminary appraisal for the highest massif in Madagascar. Global Change Biology 14: 1703 - 1720, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01596.x" title="Extinction vulnerability of tropical montane endemism from warming and upslope displacement: a preliminary appraisal for the highest massif in Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01596.x" volume="14" year="2008">Raxworthy et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa3563.1.1" author="Rakotoarison, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="263" pagination="1 - 25" refId="B19" refString="Rakotoarison, A, Glaw, F, Vieites, DR, Raminosoa, RN, Vences, M, 2012. Taxonomy and natural history of arboreal microhylid frogs (Platypelis) from the Tsaratanana Massif in northern Madagascar, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 3563: 1 - 25, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa3563.1.1" title="Taxonomy and natural history of arboreal microhylid frogs (Platypelis) from the Tsaratanana Massif in northern Madagascar, with description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa3563.1.1" volume="3563" year="2012">Rakotoarison et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
). The specimens collected in the Sorata Massif were also discovered in bamboo holes, and some specimens were ovigerous or found with eggs in such holes (as in Tsaratanana; see also 
<bibRefCitation author="Rakotoarison, A" journalOrPublisher="Lemur News" pageId="0" pageNumber="263" pagination="21 - 23" refId="B18" refString="Rakotoarison, A, Rasamison, SA, Rajeriarion, E, Vieites, DR, Vences, M, 2010.: Hypotheses on ecological interactions between the aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) and microhylid frogs of the genus Platypelis in Tsaratanana bamboo forest. Lemur News 15: 21 - 23" title=": Hypotheses on ecological interactions between the aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) and microhylid frogs of the genus Platypelis in Tsaratanana bamboo forest." volume="15" year="2010">Rakotoarison et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
). In Tsaratanana, calling activity was mostly observed at night and in the early morning (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa3563.1.1" author="Rakotoarison, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="263" pagination="1 - 25" refId="B19" refString="Rakotoarison, A, Glaw, F, Vieites, DR, Raminosoa, RN, Vences, M, 2012. Taxonomy and natural history of arboreal microhylid frogs (Platypelis) from the Tsaratanana Massif in northern Madagascar, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 3563: 1 - 25, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa3563.1.1" title="Taxonomy and natural history of arboreal microhylid frogs (Platypelis) from the Tsaratanana Massif in northern Madagascar, with description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa3563.1.1" volume="3563" year="2012">Rakotoarison et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
), but no calls were heard in Sorata. As known from the Tsaratanana Massif, the dorsal pattern of the encountered specimens at Sorata was highly polymorphic (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Photographs in life of Platypelis tsaratananaensis from the Sorata Massif. a, b ZSM 5655 / 2012 (FGZC 3648); c, d ZSM 5654 / 2012 (FGZC 3647); e, f ZSM 5656 / 2012 (FGZC 3649)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.47088.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/418563" pageId="0" pageNumber="263">7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="263" type="undescribed candidate species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="263">Undescribed candidate species</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>