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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d3b857f7-25c1-4b21-9d39-4510ab675fca" ID-PMC="PMC7655787" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-983-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" ID-PubMed="33244289" ID-ZooBank="7DED4CE2934C4539945F758930C927F9" ModsDocID="1313-2970-983-1" checkinTime="1604475085656" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A. &amp; Cognato, Anthony I." docDate="2020" docId="6135A73099D9CA3460E3F7A5FC2B5DDE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 983: 1-442" docOrigin="ZooKeys 983" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" docTitle="Cyclorhipidion distinguendum" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" masterDocTitle="A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China" masterLastPageNumber="442" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169715782" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-3736</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">camptocerus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>161 / 2 Mu 5, Soi Wat Pranon, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai 50180, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>983</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>442</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-983-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7DED4CE2934C4539945F758930C927F9</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168754462" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6135A73099D9CA3460E3F7A5FC2B5DDE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6135A73099D9CA3460E3F7A5FC2B5DDE" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authority="(Eggers, 1930)" baseAuthorityName="Eggers" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cyclorhipidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclorhipidion distinguendum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguendum">Cyclorhipidion distinguendum (Eggers, 1930)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 41. Dorsal, lateral and declivital view of Cyclorhipidion circumcisum, 3.3 - 3.5 mm (A, B, I), C. denticauda holotype, 2.95 - 3.1 mm (C, D, J), C. distinguendum, 2.5 - 3.1 mm (E, F, K), and C. fouqueti lectotype, 1.8 mm (G, H, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.983.52630.figure41" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/470841" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 41E, F, K</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus distinguendus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguendus">Xyleborus distinguendus</taxonomicName>
Eggers, 1930: 205.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eggers" baseAuthorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cyclorhipidion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclorhipidion distinguendum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguendum">Cyclorhipidion distinguendum</taxonomicName>
(Eggers):
<bibRefCitation author="Maiti, PK" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B253" refString="Maiti, PK, Saha, N, 2004. Fauna of India and the Adjacent Countries. Scolytidae: Coleoptera (Bark- and Ambrosia-beetles) (Vol. 1). Part-1. Introduction and Tribe Xyleborini. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata" title="Fauna of India and the Adjacent Countries. Scolytidae: Coleoptera (Bark- and Ambrosia-beetles) (Vol. 1). Part- 1. Introduction and Tribe Xyleborini." year="2004">Maiti and Saha 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 105.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus fukiensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fukiensis">Xyleborus fukiensis</taxonomicName>
Eggers, 1941b: 225. syn. nov.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Murayama" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus ganshoensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganshoensis">Xyleborus ganshoensis</taxonomicName>
Murayama, 1952: 16. syn. nov.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neotype</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus distinguendus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguendus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus distinguendus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FRI).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus fukiensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fukiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus fukiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ZMFK).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Murayama" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus ganshoensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganshoensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus ganshoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NMNH).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="new records">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">New records.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
China: Beijing, 15.iv.1980, Peiyu Yu (NMNH, 1). Fujian,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chong’an">Chong'an</normalizedToken>
, Guidun, 1500 m, 7.v.1978, ex
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Cyclobalanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cyclobalanopsis glauca" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cyclobalanopsis glauca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus glauca" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Quercus glauca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] (NMNH, 2). Hong Kong, Tai Po Kau, vi.2017, J. Skelton, ex
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Castanopsis" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Castanopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MSUC, 2). Jiangxi, Long Nan, 12.vii.2016, Lv-Jia, Lai, S-C., ex
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Cyclobalanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cyclobalanopsis glauca" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cyclobalanopsis glauca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(RABC, 1). Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Sanchahe Nat. Res.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="09.784" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="22.163067">22°09.784'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="52.256" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="100.87093">100°52.256'E</geoCoordinate>
, 2186 m, 29.v.2008, A.I. Cognato (MSUC, 4); S Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, 23 km NW Jinghong, vic. Na Ban village (NNNR),
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="22.166666">22°10'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="100.65">100°39'E</geoCoordinate>
, 700-1000 m, v-vii.2009, L. Meng (NKME, 1). Japan: Tsukuba, 27.viii.1980, S.L. Wood, ex
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies firma" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="firma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Abies firma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NMNH, 1). Taiwan: Fushan, iii.2015, J. Hulcr, ex
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Pasania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pasania" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pasania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lithocarpus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lithocarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] (UFFE, 1). Taichung, Heping Dist., 29.iv.2014, C.-S. Lin (MSUC, 1). Tai Pei Co., Noi Dong logging road, 850 m, 19.ii.2004, Chun Lin Li, ex flight intercept trap (MFNB, 1). Vietnam: Cao Bang,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="34.5" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="22.575">22°34.5'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="52.4" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="105.87334">105°52.4'E</geoCoordinate>
, ~ 1080 m, VN 20, Cognato, Smith, Pham, ex branches (MSUC, 4). Lao Cai, Hoang Lien N.P., 22.35, 103.77, 1500 m, 17.v.2019, VN161, S.M. Smith, A.I. Cognato, ex branch; 5 cm (MSUC, 1). Thua Thien-Hue, Bach Ma N.P.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.19718" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="16.19718">16.19718</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="107.86002" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="107.86002">107.86002</geoCoordinate>
, 1409 m, 14.ii.2017, VN50, A.I. Cognato, T.A. Hoang, ex
<taxonomicName family="Fagaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
, 4 cm branch and twigs (MSUC, 2).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
2.5-3.11 mm long (mean = 2.78 mm; n = 15); 2.6-3.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the short, steep declivity that is approximately 25% of total elytral length, armed with large tubercles on interstriae 1 and 3, interstriae 2 always unarmed; posterolateral margins rounded; and declivital interstriae 1 setae in three confused rows and interstriae 2 setae in two confused rows (Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Diagnostic characters for Cyclorhipidion species near C. pelliculosum." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/24384304C2D691E9B3FE3C092D3F4DA4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="24384304C2D691E9B3FE3C092D3F4DA4">1</tableCitation>
). This species is highly morphologically variable. See remarks below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="similar species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Similar species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This species is a part of a challenging species group consisting of
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. bodoanum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bodoanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. bodoanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. inarmatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="inarmatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. inarmatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. pelliculosum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pelliculosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. pelliculosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. tenuigraphum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tenuigraphum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. tenuigraphum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. xeniolum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="xeniolum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. xeniolum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Diagnostic characters for Cyclorhipidion species near C. pelliculosum." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/24384304C2D691E9B3FE3C092D3F4DA4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="24384304C2D691E9B3FE3C092D3F4DA4">1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
China (Beijing*, Fujian, Hong Kong*, Jiangxi*, Yunnan*), India (Uttarakhand), Japan, Nepal, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam*. Recently established in the United States (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4394.2.7" author="Hoebeke, ER" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="243 - 250" refId="B193" refString="Hoebeke, ER, Rabaglia, RJ, Knizek, M, Weaver, JS, 2018. First records of Cyclorhipidion fukiense (Eggers) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini), an ambrosia beetle native to Asia, in North America. Zootaxa 4394: 243 - 250, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4394.2.7" title="First records of Cyclorhipidion fukiense (Eggers) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini), an ambrosia beetle native to Asia, in North America." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4394.2.7" volume="4394" year="2018">Hoebeke et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
) and France (
<bibRefCitation author="Dodelin, B" journalOrPublisher="Southern Nursery Association Research Conference" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://entomodata.wordpress.com/2018/04/24/cyclorhipidion-fukiense-installe-en-europe" refId="B107" refString="Dodelin, B, 2018. Espece invasive nouveau pour la faune de France Scolyte Cyclorhipidionfukiense installe en Europe. https://entomodata.wordpress.com/2018/04/24/cyclorhipidion-fukiense-installe-en-europe" title="Espece invasive nouveau pour la faune de France Scolyte Cyclorhipidionfukiense installe en Europe." url="https://entomodata.wordpress.com/2018/04/24/cyclorhipidion-fukiense-installe-en-europe" year="2018">Dodelin 2018</bibRefCitation>
) as
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. fukiense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fukiense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. fukiense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Host plants.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Recorded from
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Castanea" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Castanea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Lithocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lithocarpus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lithocarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName family="Fagaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
), and probably with a close association with
<taxonomicName family="Fagaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3875.1.1" author="Beaver, RA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 82" refId="B26" refString="Beaver, RA, Sittichaya, W, Liu, L-Y, 2014. A synopsis of the scolytine ambrosia beetles of Thailand (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa 3875: 1 - 82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3875.1.1" title="A synopsis of the scolytine ambrosia beetles of Thailand (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3875.1.1" volume="3875" year="2014">Beaver et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Images of the
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. distinguendus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="distinguendus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. distinguendus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype were examined and compared to the
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. fukiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fukiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. fukiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. ganshoensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ganshoensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. ganshoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotypes and were found to be conspecific. Both
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. fukiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fukiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. fukiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. ganshoensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ganshoensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. ganshoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are here placed in synonymy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The declivity of
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. distinguendum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="distinguendum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. distinguendum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is highly morphologically variable in regard to numerous key features that are routinely used to diagnose other xyleborine species and each elytron of an individual often has a different arrangement of tubercles. When trying to identify
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. distinguendum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="distinguendum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. distinguendum</emphasis>
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note that the characters listed above in the diagnosis are the only way to reliably identify the species. Characters such as surface luster, the number, size, and position of interstrial tubercles, declivital puncture size, interstrial convexity and strial impression are all highly variable. Variation in all these characters can be found in individuals from one locality and even from a single host (Smith, pers. obs.). Individuals exhibiting such variation were monophyletic in a molecular phylogeny using COI and CAD (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.00027" author="Cognato, AI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B102" refString="Cognato, AI, Sari, G, Smith, SM, Beaver, RA, Li, Y, Hulcr, J, Jordal, BH, Kajimura, H, Lin, C-S, Pham, TH, Singh, S, Sittichaya, W, 2020b. The essential role of taxonomic expertise in the creation of DNA databases for the identification and delimitation of Southeast Asian ambrosia beetle species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini). Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.00027" title="The essential role of taxonomic expertise in the creation of DNA databases for the identification and delimitation of Southeast Asian ambrosia beetle species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini). Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8." url="https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.00027" year="2020 b">Cognato et al. 2020b</bibRefCitation>
). Examples of variation in the declivity include: A. The declivital surface shiny, opalescent or shagreened; B. Strial and interstrial puncture size range from equal widths to those of the striae 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as large as those of interstriae; C. Interstriae 2 flat to depressed (typically depressed); D. Interstriae 1 and 3 flat to convex (typically convex); E. Interstriae 1 tuberculate with 1-3 tubercles and granules varying in both number and position; F. Interstriae 3 with 2-5 tubercles and often granules, all of which vary in position. G. Surface slightly to deeply impressed between striae 1 and 2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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