261 lines
43 KiB
XML
261 lines
43 KiB
XML
<document id="00D5F95BD7D4D5014ACD9D22FE4849D8" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.22" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c3c2833b-50f1-4395-b051-13cb324b20a1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="235906" ID-ZooBank="88F2DB05-58C4-4726-89D5-99302FABB908" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461266665906" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Radashevsky, Vasily I." docDate="2015" docId="5E51D737FFD7FFAEFF4AA40F1B17F852" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04019p694.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4019 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Polydorella prolifera Augener 1914" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="647" masterDocId="A268AF4FFFDDFFA2FFDDA13E1870FFB6" masterDocTitle="Spionidae (Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: the genera Aonides, Dipolydora, Polydorella, Prionospio, Pseudopolydora, Rhynchospio, and Tripolydora" masterLastPageNumber="694" masterPageNumber="635" pageNumber="645" updateTime="1698610599341" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="03A4A1DB309C12D72183EE8F28E47025">Spionidae (Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: the genera Aonides, Dipolydora, Polydorella, Prionospio, Pseudopolydora, Rhynchospio, and Tripolydora</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0D70C5ED0E95BE2F34AFBBFF15B1602A">Radashevsky, Vasily I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F843D9708F00E6E572553C49C0A83117">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DAF446B7D919F3EDDAFBEC8441391939">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CA689B714670DCB3AEFE0722B386C626">4019</mods:number>
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<treatment id="5E51D737FFD7FFAEFF4AA40F1B17F852" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4658140" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119637776" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4658140" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5E51D737FFD7FFAEFF4AA40F1B17F852" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E51D737FFD7FFAEFF4AA40F1B17F852" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="647" pageId="10" pageNumber="645">
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<subSubSection id="9EE235AAFFD7FFA8FF4AA40F197BFADA" pageId="10" pageNumber="645" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D6476621FFD7FFA8FF4AA40F1A3CFAFD" blockId="10.[151,588,1329,1389]" box="[151,588,1329,1355]" pageId="10" pageNumber="645">
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<heading id="8D0FD14DFFD7FFA8FF4AA40F1A3CFAFD" bold="true" box="[151,588,1329,1355]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="645" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD7FFA8FF4AA40F1A3CFAFD" ID-CoL="4L66G" authority="Augener, 1914" authorityName="Augener" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,588,1329,1355]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydorella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="10" pageNumber="645" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="prolifera">
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<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD7FFA8FF4AA40F1A3CFAFD" bold="true" box="[151,588,1329,1355]" pageId="10" pageNumber="645">
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<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD7FFA8FF4AA40F19E2FAFD" bold="true" box="[151,402,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="645">Polydorella prolifera</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD7FFA8FE47A40F1A3CFAFD" author="Augener" box="[410,588,1329,1355]" pageId="10" pageNumber="645" refString="Augener, H. (1914) Polychaeta II, Sedentaria. Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwestaustralischen Forschungsreise 1905 herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. W. Michaelsen und Dr. R. Hartmeyer, 5, 1 - 172." type="journal article" year="1914">Augener, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D6476621FFD7FFA8FF4AA46A197BFADA" blockId="10.[151,588,1329,1389]" box="[151,267,1364,1389]" pageId="10" pageNumber="645">
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(
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<figureCitation id="4EC37AA4FFD7FFA8FF42A46A1897FADB" box="[159,231,1364,1389]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1246,1268]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1224]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,193,1225]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Polydorella prolifera. A – C—AM W. 45231. A. Entire stock individual in the beginning of asexual reproduction by paratomy, showing stolon developing between segments 11 and 12; B. Posterior end in dorsal view, showing newly developing stolon; C. Anterior end in left lateral view; D – F. Various sponges with worms in tubes on the surface. Abbreviations: brbranchium, nu—nuchal organ, pa—palp, py—pygidium, s 1 – s 12 — segments 1 – 12 of stock individual, s 12 ’ — newly regenerating segment 12 of stock individual. Scale bars: A— 100 µm; B, C— 50 µm; D – G— 5 mm. Photo: E, F—Alexander Semenov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235912/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="645">Figs 6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="4EC37AA4FFD7FFA8FF2EA46A1972FADA" box="[243,258,1364,1388]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,869,891]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,301,848]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[226,1360,301,848]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Polydorella prolifera. Morphology of chaetae. A – H—AM W. 45231. A. Notopodial spines of segment 5 comprising anterior-row spines with denticulate upper edge, and posterior-row simple acicular spines; B. Bidentate hooded hooks from neuropodium of segment 8; C – G. Set of chaetae of segment 5; C. Dorsal superior alimbate capillary chaeta; D. Anterior-row notopodial spine in lateral view; E. Same in rear view; F. Posterior-row notopodial spine in lateral view; G. Ventral winged capillary chaeta; H. Bidentate hooded hook from neuropodium of segment 8. Scale bars: A, B— 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235913/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="645">7</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9EE235AAFFD7FFA8FF4AA4A21BE5FA66" pageId="10" pageNumber="645" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="D6476621FFD7FFA8FF4AA4A21B1AFA04" blockId="10.[151,917,1436,1488]" box="[151,874,1436,1458]" pageId="10" pageNumber="645">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="F6E8410FFFD7FFA8FF4AA4A21B1AFA04" box="[151,874,1436,1458]" pageId="10" pageNumber="645">
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<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD7FFA8FF4AA4A21A5EFA04" ID-CoL="4L66G" authority="Augener, 1914: 16" authorityName="Augener" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,558,1436,1458]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydorella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="10" pageNumber="645" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="prolifera">
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<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD7FFA8FF4AA4A2191DFA04" box="[151,365,1436,1458]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="645">Polydorella prolifera</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="57594030FFD7FFA8FEAEA4A21A5EFA04" author="Augener" box="[371,558,1436,1458]" page="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="645" year="1914">
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<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD7FFA8FEAEA4A21A7DFA04" author="Augener" box="[371,525,1436,1458]" pageId="10" pageNumber="645" refString="Augener, H. (1914) Polychaeta II, Sedentaria. Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwestaustralischen Forschungsreise 1905 herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. W. Michaelsen und Dr. R. Hartmeyer, 5, 1 - 172." type="journal article" year="1914">Augener, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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: 16
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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–20, pl. I, fig. 3, textfigs. 2a–d.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D6476621FFD7FFA8FF4AA4841BE5FA66" blockId="10.[151,917,1436,1488]" box="[151,917,1466,1488]" pageId="10" pageNumber="645">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="F6E8410FFFD7FFA8FF4AA4841BE5FA66" box="[151,917,1466,1488]" pageId="10" pageNumber="645">
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<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD7FFA8FF4AA48419ECFA66" ID-CoL="78GPV" box="[151,412,1466,1488]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="10" pageNumber="645" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="prolifera">
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<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD7FFA8FF4AA48419ECFA66" box="[151,412,1466,1488]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="645">Pseudopolydora prolifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="57594030FFD7FFA8FE67A4841A90FA66" author="Blake" box="[442,736,1466,1488]" page="271" pageId="10" pageNumber="645" year="1978">
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<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD7FFA8FE67A4841AC0FA66" author="Blake" box="[442,688,1466,1488]" pageId="10" pageNumber="645" refString="Blake, J. A. & Kudenov, J. D. (1978) The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake & Kudenov 1978</bibRefCitation>
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: 271
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</treatmentCitation>
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–273, fig. 50 k–n.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9EE235AAFFD7FFAEFF4AA4C319F1FA7E" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="647" pageId="10" pageNumber="645" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="D6476621FFD7FFA8FF4AA4C31B06F98C" blockId="10.[151,1437,1533,2026]" pageId="10" pageNumber="645">
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<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD7FFA8FF4AA4C31A54F9A0" bold="true" box="[151,548,1533,1558]" pageId="10" pageNumber="645">Material examined. Queensland:</emphasis>
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AM W.45231, MI QLD 2435 (20);
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<collectionCode id="B0E9FEE4FFD7FFA8FC13A4C01C6CF9A3" box="[974,1052,1534,1557]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="10" pageNumber="645">MIMB</collectionCode>
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28115, MI QLD 2435 (15); AM W.45512, MI QLD 2447 (30);
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<collectionCode id="B0E9FEE4FFD7FFA8FE2DA71C1A4EF98F" box="[496,574,1570,1593]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/063z-3mpp" name="Museum of the Institute of Marine Biology" pageId="10" pageNumber="645">MIMB</collectionCode>
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28116, MI QLD 2447 (20).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D6476621FFD7FFA8FF1AA77B1C42F8A4" blockId="10.[151,1437,1533,2026]" pageId="10" pageNumber="645">
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<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD7FFA8FF1AA77B19DBF9E8" bold="true" box="[199,427,1605,1630]" pageId="10" pageNumber="645">Adult morphology.</emphasis>
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Most individuals reproducing asexually by paratomy and appearing as chains of joined stocks and stolons at various stages of growth and regeneration. Single individuals up to
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<quantity id="1100CBC4FFD7FFA8FB49A7541C9CF937" box="[1172,1260,1642,1666]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="645" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="1100CBC4FFD7FFA8FAEAA7571DEDF937" box="[1335,1437,1641,1666]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="645" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
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wide for 14–15 chaetigers (15–16 segments). One female about
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<quantity id="1100CBC4FFD7FFA8FCAEA7B31BBBF913" box="[883,971,1677,1702]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="645" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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long for 16 segments. Paratomic growth zone situated in some worms between segments 10 and 11 and in others between segments 11 and 12 (
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<figureCitation id="4EC37AA4FFD7FFA8FAC8A78F1D27F97C" box="[1301,1367,1713,1738]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1246,1268]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1224]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,193,1225]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Polydorella prolifera. A – C—AM W. 45231. A. Entire stock individual in the beginning of asexual reproduction by paratomy, showing stolon developing between segments 11 and 12; B. Posterior end in dorsal view, showing newly developing stolon; C. Anterior end in left lateral view; D – F. Various sponges with worms in tubes on the surface. Abbreviations: brbranchium, nu—nuchal organ, pa—palp, py—pygidium, s 1 – s 12 — segments 1 – 12 of stock individual, s 12 ’ — newly regenerating segment 12 of stock individual. Scale bars: A— 100 µm; B, C— 50 µm; D – G— 5 mm. Photo: E, F—Alexander Semenov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235912/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="645">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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A, B). Pigmentation greatly variable; dense fine net of black pigment present on dorsal and ventral sides of body in some individuals (
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<figureCitation id="4EC37AA4FFD7FFA8FEFEA7C71914F8A4" box="[291,356,1785,1810]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1246,1268]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1224]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,193,1225]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Polydorella prolifera. A – C—AM W. 45231. A. Entire stock individual in the beginning of asexual reproduction by paratomy, showing stolon developing between segments 11 and 12; B. Posterior end in dorsal view, showing newly developing stolon; C. Anterior end in left lateral view; D – F. Various sponges with worms in tubes on the surface. Abbreviations: brbranchium, nu—nuchal organ, pa—palp, py—pygidium, s 1 – s 12 — segments 1 – 12 of stock individual, s 12 ’ — newly regenerating segment 12 of stock individual. Scale bars: A— 100 µm; B, C— 50 µm; D – G— 5 mm. Photo: E, F—Alexander Semenov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235912/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="645">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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A–C) while pigmentation weakly developed or absent in others.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D6476621FFD7FFA8FF1AA6231AF2F85C" blockId="10.[151,1437,1533,2026]" pageId="10" pageNumber="645">
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Prostomium incised to bilobed anteriorly, extending posteriorly to end of segment 1 as a low caruncle. Nuchal organs short, wide ciliary bands, almost forming oval ciliary patches on sides of caruncle (
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<figureCitation id="4EC37AA4FFD7FFA8FB1CA67F1D78F8EC" box="[1217,1288,1857,1882]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1246,1268]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1224]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,193,1225]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Polydorella prolifera. A – C—AM W. 45231. A. Entire stock individual in the beginning of asexual reproduction by paratomy, showing stolon developing between segments 11 and 12; B. Posterior end in dorsal view, showing newly developing stolon; C. Anterior end in left lateral view; D – F. Various sponges with worms in tubes on the surface. Abbreviations: brbranchium, nu—nuchal organ, pa—palp, py—pygidium, s 1 – s 12 — segments 1 – 12 of stock individual, s 12 ’ — newly regenerating segment 12 of stock individual. Scale bars: A— 100 µm; B, C— 50 µm; D – G— 5 mm. Photo: E, F—Alexander Semenov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235912/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="645">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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C). Occipital antenna absent. One pair of white irregularly rounded eye-spots present in life, but not seen in preserved specimens. Palps as long as 10–15 segments, with longitudinal frontal groove lined with fine cilia, and short compound non-motile cilia arising directly from palp surface and scattered on fronto-lateral, lateral and abfrontal palp surfaces; fronto-lateral papillae absent.
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</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="828736A9FFD6FFA9FF4AA5E0188BFA38" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235912/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="646" targetBox="[188,1398,193,1224]" targetPageId="11">
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<paragraph id="D6476621FFD6FFA9FF4AA5E0188BFA38" blockId="11.[151,1436,1246,1422]" pageId="11" pageNumber="646">
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<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD6FFA9FF4AA5E01962FB42" bold="true" box="[151,274,1246,1268]" pageId="11" pageNumber="646">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD6FFA9FEC5A5E0199EFB42" box="[280,494,1246,1268]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydorella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="11" pageNumber="646" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="prolifera">
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<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD6FFA9FEC5A5E0199EFB42" box="[280,494,1246,1268]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="646">Polydorella prolifera</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. A–C—AM W.45231. A. Entire stock individual in the beginning of asexual reproduction by paratomy, showing stolon developing between segments 11 and 12; B. Posterior end in dorsal view, showing newly developing stolon; C. Anterior end in left lateral view; D–F. Various sponges with worms in tubes on the surface. Abbreviations: brbranchium, nu—nuchal organ, pa—palp, py—pygidium, s1–s12—segments 1–12 of stock individual, s12’—newly regenerating segment 12 of stock individual. Scale bars: A—100 µm; B, C—50 µm; D–G—5 mm. Photo: E, F—Alexander Semenov.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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<paragraph id="D6476621FFD6FFA9FF1AA4E11B16F9D5" blockId="11.[151,1437,1502,2031]" pageId="11" pageNumber="646">
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Segment 1 reduced, poorly demarcated from peristomium; chaetae and notopodial lamellae lacking; small neuropodial lamellae present (
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||
<figureCitation id="4EC37AA4FFD6FFA9FE32A73C1A44F9AD" box="[495,564,1538,1563]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1246,1268]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1224]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,193,1225]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Polydorella prolifera. A – C—AM W. 45231. A. Entire stock individual in the beginning of asexual reproduction by paratomy, showing stolon developing between segments 11 and 12; B. Posterior end in dorsal view, showing newly developing stolon; C. Anterior end in left lateral view; D – F. Various sponges with worms in tubes on the surface. Abbreviations: brbranchium, nu—nuchal organ, pa—palp, py—pygidium, s 1 – s 12 — segments 1 – 12 of stock individual, s 12 ’ — newly regenerating segment 12 of stock individual. Scale bars: A— 100 µm; B, C— 50 µm; D – G— 5 mm. Photo: E, F—Alexander Semenov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235912/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="646">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Segments 1–7 short as if compressed, while subsequent segments longer (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EC37AA4FFD6FFA9FF42A7181896F989" box="[159,230,1574,1599]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1246,1268]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1224]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,193,1225]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Polydorella prolifera. A – C—AM W. 45231. A. Entire stock individual in the beginning of asexual reproduction by paratomy, showing stolon developing between segments 11 and 12; B. Posterior end in dorsal view, showing newly developing stolon; C. Anterior end in left lateral view; D – F. Various sponges with worms in tubes on the surface. Abbreviations: brbranchium, nu—nuchal organ, pa—palp, py—pygidium, s 1 – s 12 — segments 1 – 12 of stock individual, s 12 ’ — newly regenerating segment 12 of stock individual. Scale bars: A— 100 µm; B, C— 50 µm; D – G— 5 mm. Photo: E, F—Alexander Semenov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235912/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="646">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Notopodia from segment 2 (chaetiger 1) onwards and neuropodia of segments 2–7 with fascicles of unilimbate capillaries. Posterior notopodia with only capillaries.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6476621FFD6FFA9FF1AA7511A64F8E9" blockId="11.[151,1437,1502,2031]" pageId="11" pageNumber="646">
|
||
Segment 5 (chaetiger 4) similar in size to segments 4 and 6, with up to five dorsal superior winged capillaries shorter than those on segments 4 and 6 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EC37AA4FFD6FFA9FDBDA7AC1AD5F91D" box="[608,677,1682,1707]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,869,891]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,301,848]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[226,1360,301,848]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Polydorella prolifera. Morphology of chaetae. A – H—AM W. 45231. A. Notopodial spines of segment 5 comprising anterior-row spines with denticulate upper edge, and posterior-row simple acicular spines; B. Bidentate hooded hooks from neuropodium of segment 8; C – G. Set of chaetae of segment 5; C. Dorsal superior alimbate capillary chaeta; D. Anterior-row notopodial spine in lateral view; E. Same in rear view; F. Posterior-row notopodial spine in lateral view; G. Ventral winged capillary chaeta; H. Bidentate hooded hook from neuropodium of segment 8. Scale bars: A, B— 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235913/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="646">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C), two kinds of heavy notopodial spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EC37AA4FFD6FFA9FB5BA7AC1CB9F91D" box="[1158,1225,1682,1707]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,869,891]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,301,848]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[226,1360,301,848]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Polydorella prolifera. Morphology of chaetae. A – H—AM W. 45231. A. Notopodial spines of segment 5 comprising anterior-row spines with denticulate upper edge, and posterior-row simple acicular spines; B. Bidentate hooded hooks from neuropodium of segment 8; C – G. Set of chaetae of segment 5; C. Dorsal superior alimbate capillary chaeta; D. Anterior-row notopodial spine in lateral view; E. Same in rear view; F. Posterior-row notopodial spine in lateral view; G. Ventral winged capillary chaeta; H. Bidentate hooded hook from neuropodium of segment 8. Scale bars: A, B— 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235913/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="646">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A), and six ventral winged capillaries same as those on segments 4 and 6 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EC37AA4FFD6FFA9FCD1A7881B21F979" box="[780,849,1718,1743]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,869,891]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,301,848]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[226,1360,301,848]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Polydorella prolifera. Morphology of chaetae. A – H—AM W. 45231. A. Notopodial spines of segment 5 comprising anterior-row spines with denticulate upper edge, and posterior-row simple acicular spines; B. Bidentate hooded hooks from neuropodium of segment 8; C – G. Set of chaetae of segment 5; C. Dorsal superior alimbate capillary chaeta; D. Anterior-row notopodial spine in lateral view; E. Same in rear view; F. Posterior-row notopodial spine in lateral view; G. Ventral winged capillary chaeta; H. Bidentate hooded hook from neuropodium of segment 8. Scale bars: A, B— 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235913/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="646">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
G); notopodial postchaetal lamellae lacking but low neuropodial lamellae same as on segments 4 and 6. Anterior-row notopodial spines up to six in a series, distally enlarged and flat, with denticulate upper edge; lateral sides of flat distal part enveloped by thin sheath covered with tiny scales; one side of distal part with a pointed capillary extension (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EC37AA4FFD6FFA9FC44A61C1BACF88C" box="[921,988,1826,1851]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,869,891]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,301,848]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[226,1360,301,848]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Polydorella prolifera. Morphology of chaetae. A – H—AM W. 45231. A. Notopodial spines of segment 5 comprising anterior-row spines with denticulate upper edge, and posterior-row simple acicular spines; B. Bidentate hooded hooks from neuropodium of segment 8; C – G. Set of chaetae of segment 5; C. Dorsal superior alimbate capillary chaeta; D. Anterior-row notopodial spine in lateral view; E. Same in rear view; F. Posterior-row notopodial spine in lateral view; G. Ventral winged capillary chaeta; H. Bidentate hooded hook from neuropodium of segment 8. Scale bars: A, B— 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235913/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="646">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
D, E). Posterior-row spines up to four in a series, simple acicular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EC37AA4FFD6FFA9FE6FA6781985F8E9" box="[434,501,1862,1887]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,869,891]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,301,848]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[226,1360,301,848]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Polydorella prolifera. Morphology of chaetae. A – H—AM W. 45231. A. Notopodial spines of segment 5 comprising anterior-row spines with denticulate upper edge, and posterior-row simple acicular spines; B. Bidentate hooded hooks from neuropodium of segment 8; C – G. Set of chaetae of segment 5; C. Dorsal superior alimbate capillary chaeta; D. Anterior-row notopodial spine in lateral view; E. Same in rear view; F. Posterior-row notopodial spine in lateral view; G. Ventral winged capillary chaeta; H. Bidentate hooded hook from neuropodium of segment 8. Scale bars: A, B— 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235913/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="646">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6476621FFD6FFA9FF1AA65419C2F87D" blockId="11.[151,1437,1502,2031]" pageId="11" pageNumber="646">
|
||
Hooks in neuropodia from segment 8 (chaetiger 7), up to four in a series, not accompanied by capillaries. Hooks bidentate; shaft slightly curved, with constriction in upper part and a low boss on concave side below constriction (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EC37AA4FFD6FFA9FEF7A68C191EF87C" box="[298,366,1970,1995]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,869,891]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,301,848]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[226,1360,301,848]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Polydorella prolifera. Morphology of chaetae. A – H—AM W. 45231. A. Notopodial spines of segment 5 comprising anterior-row spines with denticulate upper edge, and posterior-row simple acicular spines; B. Bidentate hooded hooks from neuropodium of segment 8; C – G. Set of chaetae of segment 5; C. Dorsal superior alimbate capillary chaeta; D. Anterior-row notopodial spine in lateral view; E. Same in rear view; F. Posterior-row notopodial spine in lateral view; G. Ventral winged capillary chaeta; H. Bidentate hooded hook from neuropodium of segment 8. Scale bars: A, B— 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235913/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="646">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B, H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6476621FFD6FFAEFF1AA6E81AFDFF4E" blockId="11.[151,1437,1502,2031]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="647" pageId="11" pageNumber="646">
|
||
Single pair of branchiae present on segment 7 (chaetiger 6). Branchiae free from notopodial lamellae, flattened, with surfaces oriented parallel to body axis, with longitudinal row of cilia along inner side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EC37AA4FFD1FFAEFAD5A1A91D3CFF06" box="[1288,1356,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1246,1268]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1224]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,193,1225]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Polydorella prolifera. A – C—AM W. 45231. A. Entire stock individual in the beginning of asexual reproduction by paratomy, showing stolon developing between segments 11 and 12; B. Posterior end in dorsal view, showing newly developing stolon; C. Anterior end in left lateral view; D – F. Various sponges with worms in tubes on the surface. Abbreviations: brbranchium, nu—nuchal organ, pa—palp, py—pygidium, s 1 – s 12 — segments 1 – 12 of stock individual, s 12 ’ — newly regenerating segment 12 of stock individual. Scale bars: A— 100 µm; B, C— 50 µm; D – G— 5 mm. Photo: E, F—Alexander Semenov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235912/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Nototrochs from segment 3 onwards, except segment 5, composed of single row of ciliated cells; longest nototroch cilia on segment 7 extending onto branchiae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="828736A9FFD1FFAEFF4AA25B1D3FFC40" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235913/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="647" targetBox="[226,1360,301,848]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="D6476621FFD1FFAEFF4AA25B1D3FFC40" blockId="12.[151,1437,869,1014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD1FFAEFF4AA25B196AFCCD" bold="true" box="[151,282,869,891]" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD1FFAEFEFAA25B1A75FCCD" box="[295,517,869,891]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydorella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="12" pageNumber="647" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="prolifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD1FFAEFEFAA25B1A75FCCD" box="[295,517,869,891]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">Polydorella prolifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Morphology of chaetae. A–H—AM W.45231. A. Notopodial spines of segment 5 comprising anterior-row spines with denticulate upper edge, and posterior-row simple acicular spines; B. Bidentate hooded hooks from neuropodium of segment 8; C–G. Set of chaetae of segment 5; C. Dorsal superior alimbate capillary chaeta; D. Anterior-row notopodial spine in lateral view; E. Same in rear view; F. Posterior-row notopodial spine in lateral view; G. Ventral winged capillary chaeta; H. Bidentate hooded hook from neuropodium of segment 8. Scale bars: A, B—20 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6476621FFD1FFAEFF1AA5791C93FBE9" blockId="12.[151,1437,1095,2020]" box="[199,1251,1095,1120]" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">
|
||
Pygidium elongated and rounded posteriorly, without appendages; anus terminal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EC37AA4FFD1FFAEFB86A5791CEEFBD6" box="[1115,1182,1095,1120]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1246,1268]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1224]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,193,1225]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Polydorella prolifera. A – C—AM W. 45231. A. Entire stock individual in the beginning of asexual reproduction by paratomy, showing stolon developing between segments 11 and 12; B. Posterior end in dorsal view, showing newly developing stolon; C. Anterior end in left lateral view; D – F. Various sponges with worms in tubes on the surface. Abbreviations: brbranchium, nu—nuchal organ, pa—palp, py—pygidium, s 1 – s 12 — segments 1 – 12 of stock individual, s 12 ’ — newly regenerating segment 12 of stock individual. Scale bars: A— 100 µm; B, C— 50 µm; D – G— 5 mm. Photo: E, F—Alexander Semenov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235912/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6476621FFD1FFAEFF1AA5551C7FFB32" blockId="12.[151,1437,1095,2020]" box="[199,1039,1131,1156]" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">Glandular pouches in neuropodia from segment 1, largest in segments 6–7.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6476621FFD1FFAEFF1AA5B11896FB7A" blockId="12.[151,1437,1095,2020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">Oesophagus extending through 6–7 segments. Ventral buccal bulb and gizzard-like structure in digestive tract absent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6476621FFD1FFAEFF1AA5E91C77FB46" blockId="12.[151,1437,1095,2020]" box="[199,1031,1239,1264]" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">Main dorsal blood vessel without heart body. Blood red, without globules.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6476621FFD1FFAEFF1AA5C51A80FAA2" blockId="12.[151,1437,1095,2020]" box="[199,752,1275,1300]" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">Nephridia from segment 4 (chaetiger 3) onwards.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6476621FFD1FFAEFF1AA42119F1FA7E" blockId="12.[151,1437,1095,2020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD1FFAEFF1AA4211903FA8E" bold="true" box="[199,371,1311,1336]" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">Reproduction.</emphasis>
|
||
Most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD1FFAEFE1CA41E1A34FA8E" box="[449,580,1311,1336]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydorella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="12" pageNumber="647" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="prolifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD1FFAEFE1CA41E1A34FA8E" box="[449,580,1311,1336]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">P. prolifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined in
|
||
<date id="A24640E1FFD1FFAEFD3BA41E1B0AFA81" box="[742,890,1311,1336]" pageId="12" pageNumber="647" value="2013-08">August 2013</date>
|
||
were reproducing asexually by paratomy. One female had vitellogenic oocytes developing in segments 13–16; 2–3 oocytes were present in an ovary on each side of each fertile segment, with about 20 oocytes were present in total. The oocytes were up to 65 µm in diameter with a germinal vesicle about 13 µm and a single nucleolus 5 µm in diameter. The oocyte envelope was thin and smooth, less than 1 µm thick.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9EE235AAFFD1FFAEFF1AA4ED1977F876" pageId="12" pageNumber="647" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="D6476621FFD1FFAEFF1AA4ED1C66F982" blockId="12.[151,1437,1095,2020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD1FFAEFF1AA4ED194BFA5A" bold="true" box="[199,315,1491,1516]" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD1FFAEFE9EA4ED1A41FA5A" box="[323,561,1491,1516]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydorella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="12" pageNumber="647" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="prolifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD1FFAEFE9EA4ED1A41FA5A" box="[323,561,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">Polydorella prolifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described from Sharks Bay, South Passage, Western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AEEF26B1FFD1FFAEFAE8A4ED1DECFA5A" box="[1333,1436,1491,1516]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD1FFAEFF1CA4C6190DF9B9" author="Augener" box="[193,381,1527,1552]" pageId="12" pageNumber="647" refString="Augener, H. (1914) Polychaeta II, Sedentaria. Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwestaustralischen Forschungsreise 1905 herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. W. Michaelsen und Dr. R. Hartmeyer, 5, 1 - 172." type="journal article" year="1914">Augener (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD1FFAEFE4DA4C91AB3F9B9" author="Blake" box="[400,707,1527,1552]" pageId="12" pageNumber="647" refString="Blake, J. A. & Kudenov, J. D. (1978) The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake & Kudenov (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
redescribed two
|
||
<typeStatus id="0943D883FFD1FFAEFC44A4C61B8BF9A6" box="[921,1019,1528,1552]" pageId="12" pageNumber="647" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of the species and also described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD1FFAEFF4AA72519BEF982" box="[151,462,1563,1588]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Pseudopolydora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="12" pageNumber="647" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="stolonifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD1FFAEFF4AA72519BEF982" box="[151,462,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">Pseudopolydora stolonifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD1FFAEFE32A7251A82F982" box="[495,754,1563,1588]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydorella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="12" pageNumber="647" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="stolonifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD1FFAEFE32A7251A82F982" box="[495,754,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">Polydorella stolonifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from Victoria,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AEEF26B1FFD1FFAEFC75A7251C62F982" box="[936,1042,1563,1588]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6476621FFD1FFAEFF1AA7011BBDF951" blockId="12.[151,1437,1095,2020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD1FFAEFF1AA701193AF9EE" box="[199,330,1599,1624]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydorella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="12" pageNumber="647" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD1FFAEFF1AA701193AF9EE" box="[199,330,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">Polydorella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Lizard
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AEEF26B1FFD1FFAEFE02A7011A53F9EE" box="[479,547,1599,1624]" name="Iceland" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
appear identical to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD1FFAEFCDDA77E1B0FF9EE" box="[768,895,1599,1624]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydorella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="12" pageNumber="647" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="prolifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD1FFAEFCDDA77E1B0FF9EE" box="[768,895,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">P. prolifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and are referred to this species. The worms also appear very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD1FFAEFE71A75A1A4CF9CA" box="[428,572,1635,1660]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydorella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="12" pageNumber="647" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dawydoffi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD1FFAEFE71A75A1A4CF9CA" box="[428,572,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">P. dawydoffi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
originally described from Nhatrang Bay, South-China Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AEEF26B1FFD1FFAEFAD0A75D1D1FF9CA" box="[1293,1391,1635,1660]" name="Vietnam" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, by Radashevsky (1999) and re-described based on material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AEEF26B1FFD1FFAEFCBBA7B91B94F916" box="[870,996,1671,1696]" name="Philippines" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the Red Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AEEF26B1FFD1FFAEFB60A7B61D73F916" box="[1213,1283,1672,1696]" name="Egypt" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD1FFAEFAEAA7B91895F975" author="Williams" pageId="12" pageNumber="647" refString="Williams, J. D. (2004) Reproduction and morphology of Polydorella (Polychaeta: Spionidae), including the description of a new species from the Philippines. Journal of Natural History, London, 38, 1339 - 1458." type="journal article" year="2004">Williams (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. They differ, however, in that the posterior-row notopodial spines of segment 5 are simple acicular in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD1FFAEFA5AA792188AF95E" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydorella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="12" pageNumber="647" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="prolifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD1FFAEFA5AA792188AF95E" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">P. prolifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and acicular with subdistal shelf on convex side in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD1FFAEFCE1A7EE1BB5F95E" box="[828,965,1743,1768]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydorella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="12" pageNumber="647" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dawydoffi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD1FFAEFCE1A7EE1BB5F95E" box="[828,965,1743,1768]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">P. dawydoffi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6476621FFD1FFAEFF1AA7CD1977F876" blockId="12.[151,1437,1095,2020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD1FFAEFF1AA7CD195AF8BA" bold="true" box="[199,298,1779,1804]" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD1FFAEFEA7A7CA1989F8BA" box="[378,505,1779,1804]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Polydorella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="12" pageNumber="647" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="prolifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD1FFAEFEA7A7CA1989F8BA" box="[378,505,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">P. prolifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
live in tiny silty tubes on the surface of various sponges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4EC37AA4FFD1FFAEFB53A7CD1CA2F8BA" box="[1166,1234,1779,1804]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1246,1268]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1224]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[188,1398,193,1225]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Polydorella prolifera. A – C—AM W. 45231. A. Entire stock individual in the beginning of asexual reproduction by paratomy, showing stolon developing between segments 11 and 12; B. Posterior end in dorsal view, showing newly developing stolon; C. Anterior end in left lateral view; D – F. Various sponges with worms in tubes on the surface. Abbreviations: brbranchium, nu—nuchal organ, pa—palp, py—pygidium, s 1 – s 12 — segments 1 – 12 of stock individual, s 12 ’ — newly regenerating segment 12 of stock individual. Scale bars: A— 100 µm; B, C— 50 µm; D – G— 5 mm. Photo: E, F—Alexander Semenov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235912/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D–F). The worms capture food particles by elevating their paired palps into water currents produced by the sponges. The tubes are 160–220 µm in diameter and 2.5–5.0 mm long. Two separate individuals often inhabit one tube looking out and feeding from opposite openings of the tube. Having occupied a sponge, worms live in colonies of tens of individuals per one square centimetre. Dense colonies are formed due to asexual reproduction of worms by paratomy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9EE235AAFFD1FFAEFF1AA6F51B17F852" box="[199,871,1995,2020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="647" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="D6476621FFD1FFAEFF1AA6F51B17F852" blockId="12.[151,1437,1095,2020]" box="[199,871,1995,2020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD1FFAEFF1AA6F51910F852" bold="true" box="[199,352,1995,2020]" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AEEF26B1FFD1FFAEFE14A6F51A40F852" box="[457,560,1995,2020]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Queensland,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AEEF26B1FFD1FFAEFD25A6F51B12F852" box="[760,866,1995,2020]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="647">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |