185 lines
18 KiB
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185 lines
18 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191" ID-ISBN="1-56098-217-9" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7359191" approvalRequired="75" approvalRequired_for_document="2" approvalRequired_for_matCits="72" approvalRequired_for_originalDoi="1" checkinTime="1667534080339" checkinUser="GgServerImporter" docAuthor="W. Christopher Wozencraft" docDate="1993" docId="41263629C3307465FF02F8FDFC7E1CFC" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.1993.Carnivora.279-348.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press" docTitle="Herpestes Illiger 1811" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="304" masterDocId="BD1F4E51C329747CFFD6FC3FFFE0142F" masterDocTitle="Order Carnivora" masterLastPageNumber="348" masterPageNumber="279" pageNumber="304" updateTime="1669342317230" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Order Carnivora</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>W. Christopher Wozencraft</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>1993</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher>Smithsonian Institution Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Washington and London</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>DeeAnn M. Reeder</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>279</mods:start>
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<mods:end>348</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">1-56098-217-9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7359191</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7288295" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7288295" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:41263629C3307465FF02F8FDFC7E1CFC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3307465FF02F8FDFC7E1CFC" lastPageNumber="304" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" rank="species">
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<subSubSection box="[212,1222,1218,1257]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="25.[212,1866,1218,2259]" box="[212,1222,1218,1257]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">
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<treatmentCitation author="Illiger" authority="Illiger, 1811" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[212,1212,1218,1257]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" page="135" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" title="Herpestes" volumeTitle="Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Avium." year="1811">
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<taxonomicName authority="Illiger, 1811" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[212,582,1218,1257]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[212,370,1218,1257]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">Herpestes</emphasis>
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Illiger, 1811
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibCitation author="Illiger" box="[608,1212,1218,1257]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" pagination="135" title="Herpestes" volumeTitle="Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Avium." year="1811">Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Avium., p. 135</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="304" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph blockId="25.[212,1866,1218,2259]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">
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TYPE SPECIES:
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<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[513,1087,1260,1299]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ichneumon">
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<emphasis box="[513,813,1260,1299]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">Viverra ichneumon</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Linnaeus, C." box="[828,1087,1260,1299]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by absolute tautonomy, through the replaced name
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<taxonomicName authority="Lacepede, 1799" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1799" box="[647,1095,1302,1341]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ichneumon">
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<emphasis box="[647,819,1302,1341]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">Ichneumon</emphasis>
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Lacépède, 1799
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Melville, R. V. & J. D. D. Smith" box="[1122,1556,1302,1341]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" refId="ref237125" refString="Melville, R. V., and J. D. D. Smith (eds.). 1987. Official lists and indexes of names and works in zoology. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 366 pp." year="1987">Melville and Smith, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="304" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="25.[212,1866,1218,2259]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">
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COMMENTS: Revised by
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<bibRefCitation author="Pocock, R. I." box="[685,913,1345,1383]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" refId="ref289441" refString="Pocock, R. I. 1919. The classification of the mongooses (Mungotidae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 9, 3: 515 - 524." year="1919">Pocock (1919</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Pocock, R. I." box="[933,1014,1345,1383]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" refId="ref290478" refString="Pocock, R. I. 1937. The mongooses of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 39 (2): 211 - 245." year="1937">1937</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Pocock, R. I." box="[1034,1127,1345,1383]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" refId="ref290688" refString="Pocock, R. I. 1941 a. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. Vol. II. Carnivora (suborders Aeluroidae (part) and Arctoidae). Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London, 503 pp." year="1941">1941a</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<bibRefCitation author="Bechthold, G." box="[1232,1524,1345,1383]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" refId="ref25637" refString="Bechthold, G. 1939. Die asiatischen Formen der Gattung Herpestes. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 14: 113 - 219." year="1939">Bechthold (1939)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Coetzee, C. G." box="[1544,1822,1345,1383]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" refId="ref63824" refString="Coetzee, C. G. 1977 b. Order Carnivora. Part 8. Pp. 1 - 42, in The mammals of Africa: An identification manual (J. Meester and H. W. Setzer, eds.) [issued 22 Aug 1977]. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., not continuously paginated." year="1977">
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Coetzee
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<emphasis box="[1695,1829,1345,1383]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">(1977b),</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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and Hayman
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<emphasis box="[615,658,1385,1424]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">(in</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Sanderson, I. T." box="[672,951,1385,1424]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" refId="ref316129" refString="Sanderson, I. T. 1940. The mammals of the north Cameroon forest area. Being the results of the Percy Sladen expedition to the Mamfe Division of the British Cameroons. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 24: 623 - 725." year="1940">Sanderson, 1940</bibRefCitation>
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) included
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1919" box="[1139,1284,1385,1424]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Xenogale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1139,1284,1385,1424]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">Xenogale</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see discussion under
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<emphasis box="[1685,1778,1385,1424]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="de Winton" authorityYear="1901" box="[1685,1760,1385,1424]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="naso">naso</taxonomicName>
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).
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Allen, J. A." box="[380,595,1427,1466]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" refId="ref5970" refString="Allen, J. A. 1924. Carnivora collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 47: 73 - 281." year="1924">Allen (1924)</bibRefCitation>
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, considered only
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1799" box="[902,1071,1427,1466]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ichneumon">
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<emphasis box="[902,1071,1427,1466]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">ichneumon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in this genus and separated
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruppell" authorityYear="1836" box="[1573,1754,1427,1466]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanguineus">
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<emphasis box="[1573,1754,1427,1466]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">sanguineus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis box="[379,604,1469,1507]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">pulverulentus</emphasis>
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into
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<emphasis box="[696,849,1469,1507]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1865" box="[696,837,1469,1507]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Galerella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galerella</taxonomicName>
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;
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</emphasis>
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for support, he contrasted the large
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1799" box="[1487,1657,1469,1507]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ichneumon">
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<emphasis box="[1487,1657,1469,1507]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">ichneumon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with the smaller
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<emphasis box="[520,938,1510,1549]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">sanguineus-pulverulentus</emphasis>
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complex and reported proportional differences in measurements of skeleton and skull. His rationale has been repeated, in some cases verbatum, by
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<bibRefCitation author="Rosevear, D. R." box="[623,900,1594,1633]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" refId="ref310320" refString="Rosevear, D. R. 1974. The carnivores of West Africa. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 723: 1 - 548." year="1974">Rosevear (1974)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Ansell, W. F. H." box="[920,1149,1594,1633]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" refId="ref11178" refString="Ansell, W. F. H. 1978. The mammals of Zambia. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Chilanga, 126 pp." year="1978">Ansell (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Smithers, R. H. N." box="[1168,1440,1594,1633]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" refId="ref331906" refString="Smithers, R. H. N. 1983. The mammals of the Southern African Subregion. University of Pretoria, Republic of South Africa, 736 pp." year="1983">Smithers (1983)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Meester, J. A. J. & I. L. Rautenbach & N. J. Dippenaar & C. M. Baker" box="[1461,1817,1594,1633]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" refId="ref236076" refString="Meester, J. A. J., I. L. Rautenbach, N. J. Dippenaar, and C. M. Baker. 1986. Classification of southern African mammals. Transvaal Museum Monograph, 5: 1 - 359." year="1986">Meester et al. (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation author="Watson, J. P. & N. H. Dippenaar" box="[456,969,1636,1675]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" refId="ref383601" refString="Watson, J. P., and N. H. Dippenaar. 1987. The species limits of Galerella sanguinea (Ruppell, 1836), G. pulverulenta (Wagner, 1839) and G. nigrata (Thomas, 1928) in southern Africa (Carnivora: Viverridae). Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum Bloemfontein, 5 (14): 356 - 414." year="1987">Watson and Dippenaar (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, P. J. & G. K. Campbell & J. A. J. Meester & D. van Dyk" box="[992,1316,1636,1675]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" refId="ref349064" refString="Taylor, P. J., G. K. Campbell, J. A. J. Meester, and D. van Dyk. 1991. A study of allozyme evolution in African mongooses (Viverridae: Herpestinae). Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 56 (3): 135 - 145." year="1991">Taylor et al. (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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presented an allozyme analysis and argued for generic recognition, however, they did not include Asiatic
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<emphasis box="[380,548,1721,1759]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[380,541,1721,1759]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Herpestes</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and their consensus tree made the placement of the
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">sanguineus / pulverulentus</emphasis>
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clade equivocal.
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<bibRefCitation author="Fredga, K." box="[908,1171,1761,1801]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" refId="ref108423" refString="Fredga, K. 1972. Chromosome studies in mongooses (Carnivora, Viverridae). Thesis summary, faculty of sciences of the University of Lund, 11 pp." year="1972">Fredga's (1972)</bibRefCitation>
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comparative chromosome analysis looked at variation including Asiatic and African
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<emphasis box="[1240,1407,1803,1844]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">Herpestes,</emphasis>
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and based on this, recognition of
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<emphasis box="[633,775,1847,1886]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">Galerella</emphasis>
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would make
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<emphasis box="[1012,1166,1847,1886]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">Herpestes</emphasis>
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paraphyletic. Comparison of measurements from
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<bibRefCitation author="Allen, J. A." box="[733,945,1889,1927]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" refId="ref5970" refString="Allen, J. A. 1924. Carnivora collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 47: 73 - 281." year="1924">Allen (1924)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Rosevear, D. R." box="[966,1244,1889,1927]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" refId="ref310320" refString="Rosevear, D. R. 1974. The carnivores of West Africa. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 723: 1 - 548." year="1974">Rosevear (1974)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation author="Smithers, R. H. N." box="[1339,1607,1889,1927]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" refId="ref331906" refString="Smithers, R. H. N. 1983. The mammals of the Southern African Subregion. University of Pretoria, Republic of South Africa, 736 pp." year="1983">Smithers (1983)</bibRefCitation>
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for African forms, and
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<bibRefCitation author="Bechthold, G." box="[579,866,1931,1970]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" refId="ref25637" refString="Bechthold, G. 1939. Die asiatischen Formen der Gattung Herpestes. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 14: 113 - 219." year="1939">Bechthold (1939)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Pocock, R. I." box="[956,1210,1931,1970]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" refId="ref290688" refString="Pocock, R. I. 1941 a. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. Vol. II. Carnivora (suborders Aeluroidae (part) and Arctoidae). Taylor and Francis, Ltd., London, 503 pp." year="1941">Pocock (1941a)</bibRefCitation>
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for Asiatic forms reveals that the large morphological gaps originally identified by
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<bibRefCitation author="Allen, J. A." box="[1241,1454,1973,2012]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" refId="ref5970" refString="Allen, J. A. 1924. Carnivora collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 47: 73 - 281." year="1924">Allen (1924)</bibRefCitation>
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, dissolve when Asiatic species are included. Ellerman et al. (1953) and
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<bibRefCitation author="Wozencraft, W. C." box="[1210,1541,2015,2053]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" refId="ref395048" refString="Wozencraft, W. C. 1989 b. Classification of the Recent Carnivora. Pp. 569 - 593, in Carnivore behavior, ecology and evolution (J. L. Gittleman, ed.). Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 620 pp." year="1989">Wozencraft (1989b)</bibRefCitation>
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suggested that differences between these taxa and other
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<emphasis box="[1097,1252,2056,2094]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">Herpestes</emphasis>
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are less than those found within
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<emphasis box="[379,546,2098,2137]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1811" box="[379,542,2098,2137]" class="Mammalia" family="Herpestidae" genus="Herpestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Herpestes</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Morphological criteria similar to that used by
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<bibRefCitation author="Allen, J. A." box="[1359,1569,2098,2137]" pageId="25" pageNumber="304" refId="ref5970" refString="Allen, J. A. 1924. Carnivora collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 47: 73 - 281." year="1924">Allen (1924)</bibRefCitation>
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have mostly been used at the specific level in other carnivores. Although the case is not strong, many recent authors have recognized
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<emphasis box="[1040,1181,2181,2220]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">Galerella</emphasis>
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and this is provisionally followed here (see comments under
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<emphasis box="[760,926,2223,2259]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="304">Galerella).</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |