251 lines
19 KiB
XML
251 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191" ID-ISBN="1-56098-217-9" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7359191" approvalRequired="75" approvalRequired_for_document="2" approvalRequired_for_matCits="72" approvalRequired_for_originalDoi="1" checkinTime="1667534080339" checkinUser="GgServerImporter" docAuthor="W. Christopher Wozencraft" docDate="1993" docId="41263629C3207476FEC2F481FB0D16B0" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.1993.Carnivora.279-348.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press" docTitle="Caracal caracal" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="289" masterDocId="BD1F4E51C329747CFFD6FC3FFFE0142F" masterDocTitle="Order Carnivora" masterLastPageNumber="348" masterPageNumber="279" pageNumber="288" updateTime="1669342317230" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Order Carnivora</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>W. Christopher Wozencraft</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>1993</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher>Smithsonian Institution Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Washington and London</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>DeeAnn M. Reeder</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>279</mods:start>
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<mods:end>348</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">1-56098-217-9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7359191</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7288087" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7288087" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:41263629C3207476FEC2F481FB0D16B0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3207476FEC2F481FB0D16B0" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="288" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[276,1887,2238,2779]" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">
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<treatmentCitation author="Schreber" authority="(Schreber, 1776)" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[276,1348,2238,2278]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Caracal" issue="16" journal="Die Saugethiere" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" page="110" pageId="9" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caracal" title="Caracal caracal" trouble="true" volume="3" year="1776">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Schreber, 1776)" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[276,817,2238,2278]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Caracal" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caracal">
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<emphasis box="[276,522,2238,2278]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Caracal caracal</emphasis>
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(Schreber, 1776)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibCitation author="Schreber" box="[837,1348,2238,2278]" issue="16" journal="Die Saugethiere" pageId="9" pageNumber="288" pagination="110" title="Caracal caracal" trouble="true" volume="3" year="1776">Die Säugethiere, 3(16):pl. 110</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(1776]; text 3(24):413, 587(1777).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="288" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[276,1887,2238,2779]" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">
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TYPE LOCALITY:
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<materialsCitation country="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="288" stateProvince="Western Cape">
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"Vorgebirge der guten Hofnung", restricted by
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<bibRefCitation author="Allen, J. A." box="[1381,1660,2322,2362]" pageId="9" pageNumber="288" refId="ref5970" refString="Allen, J. A. 1924. Carnivora collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 47: 73 - 281." year="1924">Allen (1924:281)</bibRefCitation>
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to "Table Mountain, near
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<collectingRegion box="[679,766,2364,2402]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Cape</collectingRegion>
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Town,
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<collectingCountry box="[894,1120,2364,2402]" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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"
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="288" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[276,1887,2238,2779]" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">
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DISTRIBUTION: Aden,
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<collectingCountry box="[654,867,2407,2446]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[885,1014,2407,2446]" name="Algeria" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Algeria</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1034,1159,2407,2446]" name="Angola" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Angola</collectingCountry>
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, Arabia,
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<collectingCountry box="[1318,1487,2407,2446]" name="Botswana" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Botswana</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1506,1609,2407,2446]" name="Egypt" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1629,1776,2407,2446]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[401,516,2447,2487]" name="Gabon" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Gabon</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[537,629,2447,2487]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">India</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[650,723,2447,2487]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Iran</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[743,816,2447,2487]" name="Iraq" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[836,934,2447,2487]" name="Israel" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Israel</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[955,1064,2447,2487]" name="Kenya" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1084,1211,2447,2487]" name="Kuwait" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Kuwait</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1232,1329,2447,2487]" name="Libya" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Libya</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1350,1481,2447,2487]" name="Malawi" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1502,1695,2447,2487]" name="Mauritania" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Mauritania</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1716,1869,2447,2487]" name="Morocco" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Morocco</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[402,630,2489,2530]" name="Mozambique" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[649,799,2489,2530]" name="Namibia" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Namibia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[819,916,2489,2530]" name="Niger" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Niger</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[937,1084,2489,2530]" name="Pakistan" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1104,1239,2489,2530]" name="Senegal" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1258,1398,2489,2530]" name="Somalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Somalia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1417,1638,2489,2530]" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1657,1769,2489,2530]" name="Sudan" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Sudan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1788,1880,2489,2530]" name="Syria" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Syria</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[401,559,2531,2570]" name="Tanzania" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[580,698,2531,2570]" name="Turkey" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[719,956,2531,2570]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[976,1112,2531,2570]" name="Uganda" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1132,1224,2531,2570]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Zaire</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1245,1377,2531,2570]" name="Zambia" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1396,1581,2531,2570]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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. See
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<bibRefCitation author="Stuart, C. T." pageId="9" pageNumber="288" refId="ref342761" refString="Stuart, C. T. 1984. The distribution and status of Felis caracal Schreber, 1776. Saugetierkundliche Mitteilungen, 31: 197 - 203." year="1984">Stuart (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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for distribution and status information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="288" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[276,1887,2238,2779]" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">
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STATUS: CITES - Appendix I as
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schreber" authorityYear="1776" box="[836,1034,2614,2655]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Felis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caracal">
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<emphasis box="[836,1034,2614,2655]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">Felis caracal</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Asian population); otherwise, Appendix II; IUCN - Rare as
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<emphasis box="[676,911,2656,2694]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">F. c. michaelis.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="9" pageNumber="288" type="synonym_list">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[276,1887,2238,2779]" lastBlockId="10.[312,1860,297,671]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">
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SYNONYMS:
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<emphasis box="[500,634,2697,2737]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">aharonii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Matschie, P." box="[647,905,2697,2737]" pageId="9" pageNumber="288" refId="ref230510" refString="Matschie, P. 1912. Uber einige Rassen des Steppenluchses. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 25: 55 - 67." year="1912">Matschie, 1912</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<emphasis box="[924,1017,2697,2737]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">algira</emphasis>
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Wagner, 1841;
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<taxonomicName authority="Fischer, 1829" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1829" box="[1283,1703,2697,2737]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Caracal" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
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<emphasis box="[1283,1465,2697,2737]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">bengalensis</emphasis>
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Fischer, 1829
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<emphasis box="[401,582,2739,2779]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">berberorum</emphasis>
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Matschie, 1892;
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<emphasis box="[873,1002,2739,2779]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">coloniae</emphasis>
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Thomas, 1926;
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<emphasis box="[1272,1422,2739,2779]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="288">corylinus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Matschie, P." box="[1436,1694,2739,2779]" pageId="9" pageNumber="288" refId="ref230510" refString="Matschie, P. 1912. Uber einige Rassen des Steppenluchses. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 25: 55 - 67." year="1912">Matschie, 1912</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<emphasis box="[397,576,297,336]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="289">damarensis</emphasis>
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Roberts, 1926;
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<emphasis box="[845,1051,297,336]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="289">limpopoensis</emphasis>
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Roberts, 1926;
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<emphasis box="[1321,1419,297,336]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="289">lucani</emphasis>
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Rochebrune, 1885;
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<emphasis box="[398,559,340,378]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="289">medjerdae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Matschie, P." box="[572,830,340,378]" pageId="10" pageNumber="289" refId="ref230510" refString="Matschie, P. 1912. Uber einige Rassen des Steppenluchses. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 25: 55 - 67." year="1912">Matschie, 1912</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<taxonomicName authority="Gray, 1843" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1843" box="[852,1202,340,378]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Caracal" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanotis">
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<emphasis box="[852,1004,340,378]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="289">melanotis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Gray, J. E." box="[1018,1202,340,378]" pageId="10" pageNumber="289" refId="ref128376" refString="Gray, J. E. 1843. List of the specimens of Mammalia in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History) Publications, London, 216 pp." year="1843">Gray, 1843</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<emphasis box="[1225,1372,340,378]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="289">michaelis</emphasis>
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Heptner, 1945;
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<emphasis box="[1651,1774,340,378]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="289">nubicus</emphasis>
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Fischer, 1829;
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<emphasis box="[642,794,381,419]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="289">poecilotis</emphasis>
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Thomas and
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<bibRefCitation author="Hinton, M. A. C." box="[1030,1254,381,419]" pageId="10" pageNumber="289" refId="ref153898" refString="Hinton, M. A. C. 1921. Some new African mammals. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 9, 7: 368 - 373." year="1921">Hinton, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<emphasis box="[1275,1368,381,419]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="289">roothi</emphasis>
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Roberts, 1926;
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<emphasis box="[1638,1775,381,419]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="289">schmitzi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Matschie, P." box="[397,657,424,461]" pageId="10" pageNumber="289" refId="ref230510" refString="Matschie, P. 1912. Uber einige Rassen des Steppenluchses. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 25: 55 - 67." year="1912">Matschie, 1912</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<emphasis box="[677,774,424,461]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="289">spatzi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Matschie, P." box="[786,1040,424,461]" pageId="10" pageNumber="289" refId="ref230510" refString="Matschie, P. 1912. Uber einige Rassen des Steppenluchses. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 25: 55 - 67." year="1912">Matschie, 1912</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="289" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="10.[312,1860,297,671]" pageId="10" pageNumber="289">
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COMMENTS:
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<bibRefCitation author="Allen, J. A." box="[501,709,466,504]" pageId="10" pageNumber="289" refId="ref5970" refString="Allen, J. A. 1924. Carnivora collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 47: 73 - 281." year="1924">Allen (1924)</bibRefCitation>
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discussed the authority and the type locality. Several recent studies (
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<bibRefCitation author="Groves, C. P." box="[546,791,507,545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="289" refId="ref131596" refString="Groves, C. P. 1982 a. Cranial and dental characteristics in the systematics of Old World Felidae. Carnivore, 5 (2): 28 - 39." year="1982">Groves, 1982a</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kral, B. & J. Zima" box="[811,1161,507,545]" pageId="10" pageNumber="289" refId="ref196631" refString="Kral, B., and J. Zima. 1980. Karyosystematika celedi Felidae. Gazella (Prague), 2 / 3: 45 - 53." year="1980">Krâl and Zima, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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) emphasized the closeness of this taxon to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[442,516,549,587]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Felis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[442,516,549,587]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="289">Felis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the separation of it from
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<taxonomicName authority="(sensu Simpson, 1945)" baseAuthorityName="Simpson" baseAuthorityYear="1945" box="[1041,1507,549,587]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Lynx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1041,1232,549,587]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="289">Lynx (sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Simpson, G. G." box="[1246,1499,549,587]" pageId="10" pageNumber="289" refId="ref328876" refString="Simpson, G. G. 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 85: 1 - 350." year="1945">Simpson, 1945</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Weigel, I." box="[1533,1770,549,587]" pageId="10" pageNumber="289" refId="ref386565" refString="Weigel, I. 1961. Das Fellmuster der wildlebenden Katzenarten und der Hauskatze in Vergleichender und Stammesgeschicher Hinsicht. Saugetierkundliche Mitteilungen, 9: 1 - 120." year="1961">Weigel (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Hemmer, H." box="[397,668,591,630]" pageId="10" pageNumber="289" refId="ref146820" refString="Hemmer, H. 1978. The evolutionary systematics of living Felidae: Present status and current problems. Carnivore, 1 (1): 71 - 79." year="1978">Hemmer (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation author="Werdelin, L." box="[765,1040,591,630]" pageId="10" pageNumber="289" refId="ref387058" refString="Werdelin, L. 1981. The evolution of lynxes. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 18: 37 - 71." year="1981">Werdelin (1981)</bibRefCitation>
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, placed
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schreber" authorityYear="1776" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[1186,1297,591,630]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Caracal" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caracal">
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<emphasis box="[1186,1297,591,630]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="289">caracal</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
in the monotypic
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="289">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1843" box="[1615,1736,591,630]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Caracal" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Caracal</taxonomicName>
|
|
(=
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Severtzov" authorityYear="1858" box="[447,631,632,671]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Urolynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Urolynchus</taxonomicName>
|
|
of
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Kratochvll, 1982c) followed here.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
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</document> |