119 lines
10 KiB
XML
119 lines
10 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191" ID-ISBN="1-56098-217-9" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7359191" approvalRequired="75" approvalRequired_for_document="2" approvalRequired_for_matCits="72" approvalRequired_for_originalDoi="1" checkinTime="1667534080339" checkinUser="GgServerImporter" docAuthor="W. Christopher Wozencraft" docDate="1993" docId="41263629C3127447FF03FF54FDCA10F0" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.1993.Carnivora.279-348.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press" docTitle="Ursus Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="338" masterDocId="BD1F4E51C329747CFFD6FC3FFFE0142F" masterDocTitle="Order Carnivora" masterLastPageNumber="348" masterPageNumber="279" pageNumber="338" updateTime="1669342317230" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Order Carnivora</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>W. Christopher Wozencraft</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>1993</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher>Smithsonian Institution Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Washington and London</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>DeeAnn M. Reeder</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>279</mods:start>
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<mods:end>348</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359191</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">1-56098-217-9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7359191</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7288837" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7288837" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:41263629C3127447FF03FF54FDCA10F0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/41263629C3127447FF03FF54FDCA10F0" lastPageNumber="338" pageId="59" pageNumber="338">
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<subSubSection box="[213,1028,875,913]" pageId="59" pageNumber="338" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="59.[213,1832,875,1247]" box="[213,1028,875,913]" pageId="59" pageNumber="338">
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<treatmentCitation ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3913436" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3913436" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6D080CCE-20B9-4299-951C-F92C7D68915E" author="Linnaeus" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[213,1019,875,913]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D8B2221BA656FD0A7C136D4759723C6F" journal="Syst. Nat., 10th ed." kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" page="47" pageId="59" pageNumber="338" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" title="Ursus" volume="1" year="1758">
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<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[213,582,875,913]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="338" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[213,306,875,913]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="338">Ursus</emphasis>
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Linnaeus, 1758
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibCitation author="Linnaeus" box="[601,1019,875,913]" journal="Syst. Nat., 10th ed." pageId="59" pageNumber="338" pagination="47" title="Ursus" volume="1" year="1758">Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:47</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[294,1720,917,955]" pageId="59" pageNumber="338" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph blockId="59.[213,1832,875,1247]" box="[294,1720,917,955]" pageId="59" pageNumber="338">
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TYPE SPECIES:
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<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[510,985,917,955]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="338" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arctos">
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<emphasis box="[510,711,917,955]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="338">Ursus arctos</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Linnaeus, C." box="[724,985,917,955]" pageId="59" pageNumber="338" refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by tautonymy (
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<bibRefCitation author="Melville, R. V. & J. D. D. Smith" box="[1267,1703,917,955]" pageId="59" pageNumber="338" refId="ref237125" refString="Melville, R. V., and J. D. D. Smith (eds.). 1987. Official lists and indexes of names and works in zoology. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 366 pp." year="1987">Melville and Smith, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[294,656,956,995]" pageId="59" pageNumber="338" type="synonym_list">
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<paragraph blockId="59.[213,1832,875,1247]" box="[294,656,956,995]" pageId="59" pageNumber="338">
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SYNONYMS:
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<emphasis box="[480,656,956,995]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="338">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[480,646,956,995]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Thalarctos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="338" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Thalarctos</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="59" pageNumber="338" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="59.[213,1832,875,1247]" pageId="59" pageNumber="338">
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COMMENTS: The close relationship of these four species has been generally recognized by morphological and molecular studies (
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<bibRefCitation author="Goldman, D. P. & R. Giri & S. J. O'Brien" box="[1048,1407,1042,1080]" pageId="59" pageNumber="338" refId="ref122531" refString="Goldman, D. P., R. Giri, and S. J. O'Brien. 1989. Molecular genetic-distance estimates among the Ursidae as indicated by one- and two-dimensional protein electrophoresis. Evolution, 43 (2): 282 - 295." year="1989">Goldman et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hendey, Q. B." box="[1428,1681,1042,1080]" pageId="59" pageNumber="338" refId="ref147096" refString="Hendey, Q. B. 1980 a. Agriotherium (Mammalia: Ursidae) from Langebaanweg, South Africa, and relationships of the genus. Annals of the South African Museum, 81 (1): 1 - 109." year="1980">Hendey, 1980a</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Kurten, B. & E. Anderson" pageId="59" pageNumber="338" refId="ref201807" refString="Kurten, B., and E. Anderson. 1980. Pleistocene mammals of North America. Columbia University Press New York, 442 pp." year="1980">Kurtén and Anderson, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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; Shields and Kocher, 1990).
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<bibRefCitation author="Allen, G. M." box="[1212,1422,1084,1122]" pageId="59" pageNumber="338" refId="ref4824" refString="Allen, G. M. 1938 - 1940. The mammals of China and Mongolia [Natural History of Central Asia (W. Granger, ed.)]. Central Asiatic Expeditions of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, 11: pt. 1: 1 - 620 [1938]; pt. 2: 621 - 1350 [1940]." year="1938">Allen (1938)</bibRefCitation>
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proposed a close relationship between
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<taxonomicName authorityName="G. [Baron] Cuvier" authorityYear="1823" box="[754,919,1125,1163]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="338" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thibetanus">
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<emphasis box="[754,919,1125,1163]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="338">thibetanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis box="[1007,1197,1125,1163]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="338">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1780" box="[1007,1192,1125,1163]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="338" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americanus">americanus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Thenius, E." box="[1211,1470,1125,1163]" pageId="59" pageNumber="338" refId="ref351039" refString="Thenius, E. 1953. Zur Analyse des Gesbisses des Eisbaren, Ursus (Thalarctos) maritimus Phipps, 1774. Saugetierkundliche Mitteilungen, 1: 1 - 7." year="1953">Thenius (1953)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Goldman, D. P. & R. Giri & S. J. O'Brien" pageId="59" pageNumber="338" refId="ref122531" refString="Goldman, D. P., R. Giri, and S. J. O'Brien. 1989. Molecular genetic-distance estimates among the Ursidae as indicated by one- and two-dimensional protein electrophoresis. Evolution, 43 (2): 282 - 295." year="1989">Goldman et al. (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation author="Shields, G. F. & T. D. Kocher" box="[584,1032,1167,1205]" pageId="59" pageNumber="338" refId="ref326273" refString="Shields, G. F., and T. D. Kocher. 1991. Phylogenetic relationships of North American ursids based on analysis of mitochrondrial DNA. Evolution, 45 (1): 218 - 221." year="1991">Shields and Kocher (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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gave support to the monophyly of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1646,1743,1167,1205]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="338" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arctos">
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<emphasis box="[1646,1743,1167,1205]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="338">arctos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with
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<emphasis box="[379,554,1211,1247]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="338">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Phipps" authorityYear="1774" box="[379,548,1211,1247]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="59" pageNumber="338" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maritimus">maritimus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |