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<document id="3969B25BC58000E6F65AFCEDFF9D4991" ID-CLB-Dataset="198864" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5214.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7f28c5c2-9723-4be8-ba5c-0261df939f3c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7384822" ID-ZooBank="9B1E49B6-1057-4994-8BC4-8C11ED69C4E1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1669872087637" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sáfián, Szabolcs &amp; Collins, Steve C." docDate="2022" docId="33367D24FF83FFD539AFFB31A26F44DD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5214.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5214 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Iolaus aequatorialis Stempffer &amp; Bennett 1958" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="177" masterDocId="CF0F055CFF82FFD43938FF9BA16B4300" masterDocTitle="Revisional notes on Iolaus aequatorialis Stempffer &amp; Bennett, 1958 and related species in the subgenus Philiolaus Stempffer &amp; Bennett, 1958 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae), with description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="188" masterPageNumber="176" pageNumber="177" updateTime="1699412660392" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="7C757274F10A1A301317A16013122608">Revisional notes on Iolaus aequatorialis Stempffer &amp; Bennett, 1958 and related species in the subgenus Philiolaus Stempffer &amp; Bennett, 1958 (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae), with description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CB0935754C7267FA5CF4BE684E98F4FF">Sáfián, Szabolcs</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1AC29DBE6EFD35D73232A10FA60F83D3">African Butterfly Research Institute, P. O. Box 14308, 0800 Nairobi, Kenya.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1BF96951F1CB15BBD415DE89EE17F14C">Collins, Steve C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="88E5F085B22DBFC53382DCE1A84431B1">African Butterfly Research Institute, P. O. Box 14308, 0800 Nairobi, Kenya. &amp; collinsabri @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8018 - 5997</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="95CEBBC8402FEC3D1D52B649E832A867" type="email">collinsabri@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<treatment id="33367D24FF83FFD539AFFB31A26F44DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7384824" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205341207" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7384824" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:33367D24FF83FFD539AFFB31A26F44DD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/33367D24FF83FFD539AFFB31A26F44DD" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">
<subSubSection id="F3859FB9FF83FFD539AFFB31A53C4678" pageId="1" pageNumber="177" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="BB20CC32FF83FFD539AFFB31A33047C4" blockId="1.[151,1437,1194,2013]" box="[151,603,1194,1221]" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">
<heading id="E0687B5EFF83FFD539AFFB31A33047C4" bold="true" box="[151,603,1194,1221]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="177" reason="1">
<emphasis id="89EB1020FF83FFD539AFFB31A33047C4" bold="true" box="[151,603,1194,1221]" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">
The
<taxonomicName id="7C9FB7B1FF83FFD539F5FB31A0DF47C5" ID-CoL="3PTYD" authorityName="Stempffer &amp; Bennett" authorityYear="1958" box="[205,436,1194,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequatorialis">
<emphasis id="89EB1020FF83FFD539F5FB31A0DF47C5" bold="true" box="[205,436,1194,1221]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Iolaus aequatorialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB20CC32FF83FFD539AFFB54A53C4678" blockId="1.[151,1437,1194,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Four species are currently recognised in this newly proposed species group, two of which are described below. They are characterised by the rather light iridescent blue colour, sometimes with a turquoise or greenish tinge, the presence of a marginal black dot in space 2 on the hindwing upperside and the beige androconial hairtuft on the forewing underside, in the males. In females the light whitish (watery) blue upperside with a turquoise tinge and the submarginal dashed-line or row of spots on the hindwing upperside are characteristic.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F3859FB9FF83FFD539FFFA19A26F44DD" pageId="1" pageNumber="177" type="description">
<paragraph id="BB20CC32FF83FFD539FFFA19A55B452D" blockId="1.[151,1437,1194,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">The prominently drawn-out outer margin of the blue area in space 1a on the forewing upperside, the orange (not crimson or brick-red) submarginal lines on both wings and the orange, black-centred submarginal round spot on the hindwing margin in space 2 on the underside are characteristic for both sexes. The drawn-out outer edge of the blue area in space 1a on the forewing upperside and the lack of any blue in the costal area beyond the discal cell gives the impression that the blue patch of the forewing is rather flattened in both sexes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB20CC32FF83FFD539FFF9ADA59745BD" blockId="1.[151,1437,1194,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">
The
<taxonomicName id="7C9FB7B1FF83FFD539C2F9ACA0CC4550" authorityName="Stempffer &amp; Bennett" authorityYear="1958" box="[250,423,1590,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequatorialis">
<emphasis id="89EB1020FF83FFD539C2F9ACA0CC4550" box="[250,423,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">I. aequatorialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group is one of the few groups in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="7C9FB7B1FF83FFD53D19F9ADA5FF4550" authorityName="Stempffer &amp; Bennett" authorityYear="1958" box="[1057,1172,1590,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="89EB1020FF83FFD53D19F9ADA5FF4550" box="[1057,1172,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Philiolaus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
where the genitalia are slightly, but consistently, asymmetric. The inward curving tip of the left valva is bolder and blunter in all recognised taxa. The shape of the valvae is also unique, as the basal half of the dorsal edge is slightly convex with an inflexion, from where the edge turns slightly concave toward the inwardly bent rather pointy tip (
<figureCitation id="23A4D0B7FF83FFD53D5DF939A5DF45BC" box="[1125,1204,1698,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[245,1345,192,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[233,1355,179,1861]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male genitalia: Iolaus aequatorialis (presumably holotype)—A. Redrawn from Stempffer &amp; Bennetts (1958) original. I. mane (presumably holotype)—B. Redrawn from Collins &amp; Larsens (2003) original (Note: the drawing of Stempffer &amp; Bennett (1958) is confusing: the blunter tip of the left valva indicates ventral view in I. aequatorialis, while the position of the fultura inferior indicates dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7384826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7384826/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="23A4D0B7FF83FFD53DF9F939A58445BD" box="[1217,1263,1698,1725]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE5" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1865,1889]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox-0="[165,1416,760,1874]" captionTargetBox-1="[182,1411,1009,1836]" captionTargetBox-2="[186,1389,385,1911]" captionTargetId-0="figure-292@5.[151,1436,741,1885]" captionTargetId-1="figure-445@6.[151,1436,993,1842]" captionTargetId-2="figure-71@7.[151,1436,345,1917]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Iolaus male genitalia: I. aequatorialis (Uganda, Itwara, Gen. prep.: SAFI00184) lateral view—A, aedeagus—D; I. aequatorialis (DRC, Kivu, Gen. prep.: SAFI00187) lateral view—B, aedeagus—E; I. mane (Liberia, Nimba Mountains, Gen. prep.: SAFI00101) lateral view—C, aedeagus—F; I. ivani (holotype, SAFI00180) lateral view—G, aedeagus—I (vesica everted); I. brazza (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00182) lateral view—H, aedeagus—J." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Iolaus male genitalia (dorsal view): I. aequatorialis (Uganda, Itwara, Gen. prep.: SAFI00184)—A; I. aequatorialis (DRC, Kivu, Gen. prep.: SAFI00187)—B; I. mane (Liberia, Nimba Mountains, Gen. prep.: SAFI00101)—C; I. ivani (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00180)—D; I. brazza (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00182)—E." captionText-2="FIGURE5. Iolaus male genitalia (posteriorview):I.aequatorialis (Uganda,Itwara,Gen.prep.:SAFI00184)—A; I.aequatorialis (DRC, Kivu, Gen. prep.: SAFI00187)—B; I. mane (Liberia, Nimba Mountains, Gen. prep.: SAFI00101)—C; I. ivani (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00180)—D; I. brazza (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00182)—E." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7384830" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7384832" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7384834" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7384830/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7384832/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7384834/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">35</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB20CC32FF83FFD539FFF95DA26F44DD" blockId="1.[151,1437,1194,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">
The aedeagi of all species are terminally thickened (club-shaped) with one strong spine on the tip, a prominent cornutus on the membrane of the vesica, with a smaller and inconspicuous one on the tip of the vesica (
<figureCitation id="23A4D0B7FF83FFD53C2FF971A40D4404" box="[1303,1382,1770,1796]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[245,1345,192,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[233,1355,179,1861]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male genitalia: Iolaus aequatorialis (presumably holotype)—A. Redrawn from Stempffer &amp; Bennetts (1958) original. I. mane (presumably holotype)—B. Redrawn from Collins &amp; Larsens (2003) original (Note: the drawing of Stempffer &amp; Bennett (1958) is confusing: the blunter tip of the left valva indicates ventral view in I. aequatorialis, while the position of the fultura inferior indicates dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7384826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7384826/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="23A4D0B7FF83FFD53C4BF971A1994428" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[165,1416,760,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-292@5.[151,1436,741,1885]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Iolaus male genitalia: I. aequatorialis (Uganda, Itwara, Gen. prep.: SAFI00184) lateral view—A, aedeagus—D; I. aequatorialis (DRC, Kivu, Gen. prep.: SAFI00187) lateral view—B, aedeagus—E; I. mane (Liberia, Nimba Mountains, Gen. prep.: SAFI00101) lateral view—C, aedeagus—F; I. ivani (holotype, SAFI00180) lateral view—G, aedeagus—I (vesica everted); I. brazza (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00182) lateral view—H, aedeagus—J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7384830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7384830/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">3D, E, F, I, J</figureCitation>
). The anterior half is slim with a bulbous membrane. The fultura inferior is also characteristic for the species group; it forms a ring with posteriorly flagged edge, but the tip of the triangular “flags” is not acutely pointed as in some, yet undescribed species groups but rather blunt, best seen in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="23A4D0B7FF83FFD53D27F8CDA4674471" box="[1055,1292,1878,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[165,1416,760,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-292@5.[151,1436,741,1885]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Iolaus male genitalia: I. aequatorialis (Uganda, Itwara, Gen. prep.: SAFI00184) lateral view—A, aedeagus—D; I. aequatorialis (DRC, Kivu, Gen. prep.: SAFI00187) lateral view—B, aedeagus—E; I. mane (Liberia, Nimba Mountains, Gen. prep.: SAFI00101) lateral view—C, aedeagus—F; I. ivani (holotype, SAFI00180) lateral view—G, aedeagus—I (vesica everted); I. brazza (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00182) lateral view—H, aedeagus—J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7384830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7384830/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Figs. 3A, B, C, G, H</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="23A4D0B7FF83FFD53C20F8CDA4354471" box="[1304,1374,1878,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[186,1389,385,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-71@7.[151,1436,345,1917]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE5. Iolaus male genitalia (posteriorview):I.aequatorialis (Uganda,Itwara,Gen.prep.:SAFI00184)—A; I.aequatorialis (DRC, Kivu, Gen. prep.: SAFI00187)—B; I. mane (Liberia, Nimba Mountains, Gen. prep.: SAFI00101)—C; I. ivani (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00180)—D; I. brazza (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00182)—E." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7384834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7384834/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">5AE</figureCitation>
). The posterior edge of the stems of the tegumen lack small spine, triangular or spatulate excrescence. The bilobed uncus and the posteriorly protruding and rather straight subunci are very similar to multiple other species in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="7C9FB7B1FF83FFD539AFF859A06144DC" authorityName="Stempffer &amp; Bennett" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,266,1986,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="89EB1020FF83FFD539AFF859A06144DC" box="[151,266,1986,2012]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Philiolaus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="23A4D0B7FF83FFD53822F859A0F544DD" box="[282,414,1986,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[245,1345,192,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[233,1355,179,1861]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Male genitalia: Iolaus aequatorialis (presumably holotype)—A. Redrawn from Stempffer &amp; Bennetts (1958) original. I. mane (presumably holotype)—B. Redrawn from Collins &amp; Larsens (2003) original (Note: the drawing of Stempffer &amp; Bennett (1958) is confusing: the blunter tip of the left valva indicates ventral view in I. aequatorialis, while the position of the fultura inferior indicates dorsal view)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7384826" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7384826/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Figs. 1A, B</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="23A4D0B7FF83FFD53893F859A33E44DD" box="[427,597,1986,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[165,1416,760,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-292@5.[151,1436,741,1885]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Iolaus male genitalia: I. aequatorialis (Uganda, Itwara, Gen. prep.: SAFI00184) lateral view—A, aedeagus—D; I. aequatorialis (DRC, Kivu, Gen. prep.: SAFI00187) lateral view—B, aedeagus—E; I. mane (Liberia, Nimba Mountains, Gen. prep.: SAFI00101) lateral view—C, aedeagus—F; I. ivani (holotype, SAFI00180) lateral view—G, aedeagus—I (vesica everted); I. brazza (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00182) lateral view—H, aedeagus—J." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7384830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7384830/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">3A, B, C, G, H</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="23A4D0B7FF83FFD53B59F859A3CD44DC" box="[609,678,1986,2012]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[182,1411,1009,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-445@6.[151,1436,993,1842]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Iolaus male genitalia (dorsal view): I. aequatorialis (Uganda, Itwara, Gen. prep.: SAFI00184)—A; I. aequatorialis (DRC, Kivu, Gen. prep.: SAFI00187)—B; I. mane (Liberia, Nimba Mountains, Gen. prep.: SAFI00101)—C; I. ivani (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00180)—D; I. brazza (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00182)—E." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7384832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7384832/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">4AE</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="23A4D0B7FF83FFD53B89F859A39344DD" box="[689,760,1986,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[186,1389,385,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-71@7.[151,1436,345,1917]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE5. Iolaus male genitalia (posteriorview):I.aequatorialis (Uganda,Itwara,Gen.prep.:SAFI00184)—A; I.aequatorialis (DRC, Kivu, Gen. prep.: SAFI00187)—B; I. mane (Liberia, Nimba Mountains, Gen. prep.: SAFI00101)—C; I. ivani (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00180)—D; I. brazza (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00182)—E." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7384834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7384834/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">5AE</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>