329 lines
35 KiB
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329 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.51962" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a134fec9-ee97-4d3e-ae3f-eb295c3267db" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164501243" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-2-275" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FC312E66E3EA52F4A7706C2C191A8621" ID-ZooBank="4A3A5AE9D26340A08621430C7822CFF3" ModsDocID="1860-0743-2-275" checkinTime="1591887254079" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Viana, Sarah T. F. L. & Carvalho, Marcelo R. de" docDate="2020" docId="25189FFAA1115236BB6FF0965931477D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 96(2): 275-311" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 96 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.51962" docTitle="Squalus acutirostris Zhu, Meng & Li 1984" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="FC312E66E3EA52F4A7706C2C191A8621" lastPageNumber="275" masterDocId="FC312E66E3EA52F4A7706C2C191A8621" masterDocTitle="Squalus shiraii sp. nov. (Squaliformes, Squalidae), a new species of dogfish shark from Japan with regional nominal species revisited" masterLastPageNumber="311" masterPageNumber="275" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" updateTime="1634711231051" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Squalus shiraii sp. nov. (Squaliformes, Squalidae), a new species of dogfish shark from Japan with regional nominal species revisited</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Viana, Sarah T. F. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015 Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa & Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo. Rua do Matao, Travessa 14, no 101, CEP 05508 - 090, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6905-9292</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">stviana@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Carvalho, Marcelo R. de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo. Rua do Matao, Travessa 14, no 101, CEP 05508 - 090, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>96</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<mods:start>275</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.51962</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.51962</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-2-275</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">4A3A5AE9D26340A08621430C7822CFF3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="164501243" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:25189FFAA1115236BB6FF0965931477D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/25189FFAA1115236BB6FF0965931477D" lastPageNumber="275" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName LSID="25189FFA-A111-5236-BB6F-F0965931477D" authority="Zhu, Meng & Li, 1984" authorityName="Zhu, Meng & Li" authorityYear="1984" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Squalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Squalus acutirostris" order="Squaliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">Squalus acutirostris Zhu, Meng & Li, 1984</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Squalus acutirostris (A-E): HUMZ 74990, juvenile female, 536 mm TL in lateral (A) and ventral (B) views; first (C) and second (D) dorsal fins and caudal fin (E). S. suckleyi in lateral view (F): HUMZ 90963, adult female, 784 mm TL. Scale bars: 50 mm (A, B, F); 20 mm (C-E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.51962.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/420114" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Figs 6A-E</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Map of the North-western Pacific Ocean, showing the geographical distribution of Squalus species. A: S. shiraii sp. nov. (red); B: S. mitsukurii (orange); C: S. japonicus (brown); D: S. brevirostris (yellow); E: S. acutirostris (green); F: S. suckleyi (pink). Star: holotype / neotype; Dotted circle: paratypes; Circle: other material." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.51962.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/420116" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">, 8E</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. External measurements of S. mitsukurii expressed as percentage of total length (% TL). Values of the paratype of S. mitsukurii (SU 7184, identified as S. acanthias) and specimens of S. acutirostris are also provided. TL is expressed in millimeters. H: holotype; P: paratype; N: number of specimens; x: mean; SD: standard deviation." pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Table 2 Shortspine spurdog</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhu, Meng & Li" authorityYear="1984" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Squalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Squalus acutirostris" order="Squaliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">Squalus acutirostris</taxonomicName>
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Zhu, Meng and Li 1984: 283-286, fig.1 (original description; illustrated; type by original designation; type locality: South China Sea, 18°51'-18°47'N, 112°41'-112°33'E, 394 m depth).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jordan & Snyder" authorityYear="1903" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Squalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Squalus mitsukurii" order="Squaliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">Squalus mitsukurii</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3752.1.14" author="White, WT" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="228 - 248" refId="B94" refString="White, WT, Last, PR, 2013. Notes on shark and ray types at the South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute (SCSFRI) in Guangzhou, China. Zootaxa 3752: 228 - 248, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3752.1.14" title="Notes on shark and ray types at the South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute (SCSFRI) in Guangzhou, China." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3752.1.14" volume="3752" year="2013">White and Last 2013</bibRefCitation>
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: 229-230 (cited, illustrated; Taiwan);
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<bibRefCitation author="Motomura, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of Faculty of Fisheries Kagoshima University" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="10 - 34" refId="B59" refString="Motomura, H, Habano, A, Arita, Y, Matsuoka, M, Furuta, K, Koeda, K, Yoshida, T, Hibino, Y, Jeong, B, Tashiro, S, Hata, H, Fukui, Y, Eguchi, K, Inaba, T, Uejo, T, Yoshiura, A, Ando, Y, Haraguchi, Y, Senou, H, Kuriiwa, K, 2015. The ichthyofauna of the Uji Islands, East China Sea: 148 new records of fishes with notes on biogeographical implications. Memoirs of Faculty of Fisheries Kagoshima University 64: 10 - 34" title="The ichthyofauna of the Uji Islands, East China Sea: 148 new records of fishes with notes on biogeographical implications." volume="64" year="2015">Motomura et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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: 12-13 (cited, listed, illustrated; Uji Islands, East China Sea);
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12874" author="Weigmann, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Fish Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="837 - 1037" refId="B92" refString="Weigmann, S, 2016. Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology 88 (3): 837 - 1037, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12874" title="Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12874" volume="88" year="2016">Weigmann 2016</bibRefCitation>
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: 904 (cited; Western Pacific Ocean).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName family="Squalidae" genus="S." higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. japonicus" order="Squaliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="japonicus">S. japonicus</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/13/1/3503" author="Quang, VV" journalOrPublisher="Vietnam Journal of Marine Science and Technology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="21 - 30" refId="B72" refString="Quang, VV, Tuan, VS, Thao, LTT, Thinh, TC, Uy, Vu NP, Phuong, LM, 2013. Species composition and distribution of sharks in Quy Nhon Bay and neighboring waters. Vietnam Journal of Marine Science and Technology 13 (1): 21 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/13/1/3503" title="Species composition and distribution of sharks in Quy Nhon Bay and neighboring waters." url="https://doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/13/1/3503" volume="13" year="2013">Quang et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
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: 22, 27-28 (cited, listed, illustrated; Quy Nhon Bay, Vietnam).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">SCSFRI D01562 (holotype), adult male, 635 mm TL, South China Sea, 18°51'-18°47'N, 112°41'-112°33'E, 394 m depth, collected on 21 April 1982; SCSFRI D01548 (paratype), adult female, 975 mm TL, South China Sea, 18°50.8'-19°28.8'N, 112°47.3'-113°58.8'E.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Additional material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">HUMZ 74990, juvenile female, 536 mm TL, Kyushu-Palau Ridge, 26°14.1'-26°10.1'N, 135°47.5'-135°48.0'E, 360 m depth; NMMB P 15619 (photo only), adult female, 700 mm TL, Pingtung county, Taiwan.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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Single values correspond to holotype first followed by a single paratype and a specimen from Japan between brackets.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhu, Meng & Li" authorityYear="1984" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Squalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Squalus acutirostris" order="Squaliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Squalus acutirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is separated from its congeners by a combination of characters: large sized species (635-975 mm maximum TL in adults) with body moderately slender and fusiform (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Squalus acutirostris (A-E): HUMZ 74990, juvenile female, 536 mm TL in lateral (A) and ventral (B) views; first (C) and second (D) dorsal fins and caudal fin (E). S. suckleyi in lateral view (F): HUMZ 90963, adult female, 784 mm TL. Scale bars: 50 mm (A, B, F); 20 mm (C-E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.51962.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/420114" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">6A</figureCitation>
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), its greatest width at head (head width 1.4(1.4, 1.2) times trunk width and 1.3(1.1, 1.2) times abdomen width); head small, its length 24.4%(22.6%, 22.1%) TL; snout rounded at tip and short, preorbital length 8.2%(7.3%, 8.1%) TL; nostrils nearer to snout than to mouth (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Squalus acutirostris (A-E): HUMZ 74990, juvenile female, 536 mm TL in lateral (A) and ventral (B) views; first (C) and second (D) dorsal fins and caudal fin (E). S. suckleyi in lateral view (F): HUMZ 90963, adult female, 784 mm TL. Scale bars: 50 mm (A, B, F); 20 mm (C-E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.51962.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/420114" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">6B</figureCitation>
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); first dorsal fin oblique, wide at fin web and low, its height 6.0%(5.6%, 8.6%) TL; first dorsal fin concave at the lower half of posterior margin, not raked (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Squalus acutirostris (A-E): HUMZ 74990, juvenile female, 536 mm TL in lateral (A) and ventral (B) views; first (C) and second (D) dorsal fins and caudal fin (E). S. suckleyi in lateral view (F): HUMZ 90963, adult female, 784 mm TL. Scale bars: 50 mm (A, B, F); 20 mm (C-E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.51962.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/420114" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">6C</figureCitation>
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); second dorsal fin with raked posterior margin (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Squalus acutirostris (A-E): HUMZ 74990, juvenile female, 536 mm TL in lateral (A) and ventral (B) views; first (C) and second (D) dorsal fins and caudal fin (E). S. suckleyi in lateral view (F): HUMZ 90963, adult female, 784 mm TL. Scale bars: 50 mm (A, B, F); 20 mm (C-E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.51962.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/420114" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">6D</figureCitation>
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); dorsal-fin spines robust and short, never reaching the fin apex (first dorsal-fin spine length 2.8%(2.7%, 3.2%)TL; second dorsal-fin spine length 2.8%(1.9%, 4.8%) TL; pectoral fins moderately wide with posterior margin length 11.0%(10.3%, 10.1%) TL; pectoral-fin posterior margin concave, although not falcate; pectoral-fin free rear tips rounded; caudal fin rectangular with conspicuous caudal fork (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Squalus acutirostris (A-E): HUMZ 74990, juvenile female, 536 mm TL in lateral (A) and ventral (B) views; first (C) and second (D) dorsal fins and caudal fin (E). S. suckleyi in lateral view (F): HUMZ 90963, adult female, 784 mm TL. Scale bars: 50 mm (A, B, F); 20 mm (C-E)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.51962.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/420114" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">6E</figureCitation>
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); caudal fin small with dorsal caudal margin length 0.7(0.9, 1.0) times head length; lower caudal lobe much shorter than upper caudal lobe (preventral caudal margin length 0.7(0.6, 0.5) times dorsal caudal margin length); body brownish-grey to dark grey dorsally and light brown ventrally; first and second dorsal-fin apex slightly black; conspicuous black upper caudal blotch and small black caudal bar; black basal marking conspicuous at the origin of caudal fin; lower caudal lobe mostly white.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zse.96.51962.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/420114" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhu, Meng & Li" authorityYear="1984" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Squalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Squalus acutirostris" order="Squaliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Squalus acutirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">A-E</emphasis>
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): HUMZ 74990, juvenile female, 536 mm TL in lateral (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">A</emphasis>
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) and ventral (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">B</emphasis>
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) views; first (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">C</emphasis>
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) and second (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">D</emphasis>
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) dorsal fins and caudal fin (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">E</emphasis>
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).
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. suckleyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="suckleyi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. suckleyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in lateral view (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">F</emphasis>
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): HUMZ 90963, adult female, 784 mm TL. Scale bars: 50 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">A, B, F</emphasis>
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); 20 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">C-E</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Geographical distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhu, Meng & Li" authorityYear="1984" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Squalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Squalus acutirostris" order="Squaliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Squalus acutirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occurs in the North-western Pacific Ocean with reports from Japan, Taiwan and China (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Map of the North-western Pacific Ocean, showing the geographical distribution of Squalus species. A: S. shiraii sp. nov. (red); B: S. mitsukurii (orange); C: S. japonicus (brown); D: S. brevirostris (yellow); E: S. acutirostris (green); F: S. suckleyi (pink). Star: holotype / neotype; Dotted circle: paratypes; Circle: other material." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.96.51962.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/420116" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">8E</figureCitation>
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). It has been previously misidentified with
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. japonicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="japonicus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. japonicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Vietnam as seen in
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/13/1/3503" author="Quang, VV" journalOrPublisher="Vietnam Journal of Marine Science and Technology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="21 - 30" refId="B72" refString="Quang, VV, Tuan, VS, Thao, LTT, Thinh, TC, Uy, Vu NP, Phuong, LM, 2013. Species composition and distribution of sharks in Quy Nhon Bay and neighboring waters. Vietnam Journal of Marine Science and Technology 13 (1): 21 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/13/1/3503" title="Species composition and distribution of sharks in Quy Nhon Bay and neighboring waters." url="https://doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/13/1/3503" volume="13" year="2013">Quang et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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. It inhabits continental slopes between 360-525 m depth (
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<bibRefCitation author="Zhu, Y" journalOrPublisher="Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="283 - 286" refId="B102" refString="Zhu, Y, Meng, QW, Li, S, 1984. Description of a new species of Squalidae of China. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica 15 (4): 283 - 286" title="Description of a new species of Squalidae of China." volume="15" year="1984">Zhu et al. 1984</bibRefCitation>
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; present study).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhu, Meng & Li" authorityYear="1984" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Squalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Squalus acutirostris" order="Squaliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Squalus acutirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, originally described from the South China Sea, was previously recognised in China and Western Australia in
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<bibRefCitation author="Zhu, Y" journalOrPublisher="Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="283 - 286" refId="B102" refString="Zhu, Y, Meng, QW, Li, S, 1984. Description of a new species of Squalidae of China. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica 15 (4): 283 - 286" title="Description of a new species of Squalidae of China." volume="15" year="1984">Zhu et al. (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02905668" author="Munoz-Chapuli, R" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Ichthyology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="6 - 21" refId="B60" refString="Munoz-Chapuli, R, Ramos, F, 1989. Morphological comparisons of Squalus blainvillei and S. megalops in the Eastern Atlantic, with notes on the genus. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 36 (1): 6 - 21, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02905668" title="Morphological comparisons of Squalus blainvillei and S. megalops in the Eastern Atlantic, with notes on the genus." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02905668" volume="36" year="1989">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Muñoz-Chápuli">Munoz-Chapuli</normalizedToken>
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and Ramos (1989)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Zhu, Y" journalOrPublisher="Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" refId="B103" refString="Zhu, Y, Meng, QW, 2001. Faina Sinica - Cyclostomata, Chondrichthyes. Science Press, Beijing." title="Faina Sinica - Cyclostomata, Chondrichthyes. Science Press, Beijing." year="2001">Zhu and Meng (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3752.1.14" author="White, WT" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="228 - 248" refId="B94" refString="White, WT, Last, PR, 2013. Notes on shark and ray types at the South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute (SCSFRI) in Guangzhou, China. Zootaxa 3752: 228 - 248, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3752.1.14" title="Notes on shark and ray types at the South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute (SCSFRI) in Guangzhou, China." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3752.1.14" volume="3752" year="2013">White and Last (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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have proven that the Australian records correspond to a distinct species,
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. grahami" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="grahami">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. grahami</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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White, Last & Stevens, 2007. Furthermore, occurrence of
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. acutirostris" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. acutirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the South China Sea was thought to be related to
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. mitsukurii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. mitsukurii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3752.1.14" author="White, WT" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="228 - 248" refId="B94" refString="White, WT, Last, PR, 2013. Notes on shark and ray types at the South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute (SCSFRI) in Guangzhou, China. Zootaxa 3752: 228 - 248, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3752.1.14" title="Notes on shark and ray types at the South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute (SCSFRI) in Guangzhou, China." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3752.1.14" volume="3752" year="2013">White and Last 2013</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12874" author="Weigmann, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Fish Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="837 - 1037" refId="B92" refString="Weigmann, S, 2016. Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology 88 (3): 837 - 1037, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12874" title="Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12874" volume="88" year="2016">Weigmann 2016</bibRefCitation>
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) due to no apparent morphological and meristic distinction and, thus, this species was designated as a junior synonym. According to
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3752.1.14" author="White, WT" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="228 - 248" refId="B94" refString="White, WT, Last, PR, 2013. Notes on shark and ray types at the South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute (SCSFRI) in Guangzhou, China. Zootaxa 3752: 228 - 248, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3752.1.14" title="Notes on shark and ray types at the South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute (SCSFRI) in Guangzhou, China." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3752.1.14" volume="3752" year="2013">White and Last (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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, the differences in external measurements (e.g. precaudal length, interdorsal space, dorsal caudal margin length) between these species were due to the preservation condition of the holotype of
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. acutirostris" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. acutirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, the present analysis reveals many morphometric differences when adults are compared, such as: inner nostril-labial furrow space (6.9%-8.6% TL vs. 3.9%-4.5% TL for
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. mitsukurii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. mitsukurii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); first dorsal fin height (5.6%-6.0% TL vs. 6.9%-9.8% TL for
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. mitsukurii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. mitsukurii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); second dorsal-fin anterior margin length (6.8%-7.6% TL vs. 7.7%-10.2% TL for
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. mitsukurii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. mitsukurii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); second dorsal-fin base length (4.8%-5.8% TL vs. 6.8%-7.9% TL for
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. mitsukurii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. mitsukurii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); second dorsal fin height (3.3%-3.6% TL vs. 4.5%-6.8% TL for
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. mitsukurii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. mitsukurii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); second dorsal-fin spine length and base width (1.9%-2.8% TL, 0.5%-0.6% TL vs. 3.4%-5.3% TL, 0.7%-1.0% TL for
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. mitsukurii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. mitsukurii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Further distinctive characteristics between
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. mitsukurii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. mitsukurii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the types of
|
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. acutirostris" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. acutirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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include conspicuously shorter snout with nostrils clearly nearer to the snout tip than to the mouth, its prenarial length 0.6-0.8 times nostril-labial furrow space (vs. elongate snout with nostrils nearer to the mouth, its prenarial length 1.1-1.4 times nostril-labial furrow space in
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. mitsukurii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. mitsukurii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and narrower pectoral and pelvic fins (vs. conspicuously broad pectoral and pelvic fins in
|
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. mitsukurii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. mitsukurii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). These characteristics are congruent with observations of
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<bibRefCitation author="Zhu, Y" journalOrPublisher="Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="283 - 286" refId="B102" refString="Zhu, Y, Meng, QW, Li, S, 1984. Description of a new species of Squalidae of China. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica 15 (4): 283 - 286" title="Description of a new species of Squalidae of China." volume="15" year="1984">Zhu et al. (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Zhu, Y" journalOrPublisher="Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" refId="B103" refString="Zhu, Y, Meng, QW, 2001. Faina Sinica - Cyclostomata, Chondrichthyes. Science Press, Beijing." title="Faina Sinica - Cyclostomata, Chondrichthyes. Science Press, Beijing." year="2001">Zhu and Meng (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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and are apparent, regardless of the preservation condition and which support the distinction between
|
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. mitsukurii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. mitsukurii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the nominal species
|
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. acutirostris" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. acutirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhu, Meng & Li" authorityYear="1984" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Squalidae" genus="Squalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Squalus acutirostris" order="Squaliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acutirostris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Squalus acutirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may be separated from the Japanese congeners by having more elongate second dorsal-fin length 63.9%-64.0% TL (vs. 60.5%-63.4% TL for
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. shiraii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="shiraii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. shiraii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. vs. 58.4%-63.9% TL for
|
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. mitsukurii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. mitsukurii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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vs. 60.7%-62.0% TL for
|
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. japonicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="japonicus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. japonicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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vs. 61.1%-63.8% TL for
|
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. brevirostris" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. brevirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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vs. 56.2%-62.3% TL for
|
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. suckleyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="suckleyi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. suckleyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and larger inner nostril-labial furrow space 6.9%-8.6% TL (vs. 4.3%-4.9% TL for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. shiraii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="shiraii">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. shiraii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. vs. 3.9%-4.5% TL for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. mitsukurii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="mitsukurii">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. mitsukurii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
vs. 4.6%-5.1% TL for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. japonicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. japonicus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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|
vs. 4.5%-5.1% TL for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. brevirostris" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. brevirostris</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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vs. 3.9%-5.6% TL for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. suckleyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="suckleyi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. suckleyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
|
). It may also be distinguished from
|
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. shiraii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="shiraii">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. shiraii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.,
|
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. japonicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. japonicus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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|
and
|
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. brevirostris" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. brevirostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by pre-pelvic length 47.2%-49.3% TL and prenarial length 4.7%-5.1% TL (vs. 44.1%-46.8% TL and 5.4%-5.6% TL for
|
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. shiraii" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="shiraii">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. shiraii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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vs. 43.7%-45.9% TL and 5.9%-6.8% TL for
|
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. japonicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. japonicus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
|
vs. 42.4%-46.9% TL and 3.8%-4.3% TL for
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. brevirostris" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. brevirostris</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
|
). It is also easily separated from
|
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<taxonomicName genus="S." lsidName="S. brevirostris" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">S. brevirostris</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having pectoral free rear tips rounded (vs. conspicuously pointed).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |