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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1035018b-1a43-4681-8ba9-ca62c8bb4ee8" ID-PMC="PMC7752890" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1003-83" ID-Pensoft-UUID="3CD12B279B9C50768125F2697B2F0E98" ID-PubMed="33384563" ID-ZooBank="5D883EC653064AC3A0D78CA867324596" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1003-83" checkinTime="1607975014278" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Meyer, Marc De, Goergen, Georg &amp; Jordaens, Kurt" docDate="2020" docId="1FDCC411F70254A69CB0DD66DD81AE4F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1003: 83-160" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1003" docPubDate="2020-12-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557" docTitle="Senaspis dibapha" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="3CD12B279B9C50768125F2697B2F0E98" lastPageNumber="83" masterDocId="3CD12B279B9C50768125F2697B2F0E98" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical hover fly genus Senaspis Macquart (Diptera, Syrphidae)" masterLastPageNumber="160" masterPageNumber="83" pageNumber="83" updateTime="1668146589315" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical hover fly genus Senaspis Macquart (Diptera, Syrphidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Meyer, Marc De</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0755-2898</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Royal Museum for Central Africa, Invertebrates Section and JEMU, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B 3080 Tervuren, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">marc.de.meyer@africamuseum.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Goergen, Georg</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4496-0495</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Biodiversity Centre, 08 BP 0932 Tri Postal, Cotonou, Benin</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Jordaens, Kurt</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Royal Museum for Central Africa, Invertebrates Section and JEMU, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B 3080 Tervuren, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2020-12-14</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1003</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>83</mods:start>
<mods:end>160</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1003-83</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">5D883EC653064AC3A0D78CA867324596</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">3CD12B279B9C50768125F2697B2F0E98</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="174795559" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1FDCC411F70254A69CB0DD66DD81AE4F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1FDCC411F70254A69CB0DD66DD81AE4F" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName LSID="1FDCC411-F702-54A6-9CB0-DD66DD81AE4F" authority="(Walker, 1849)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1849" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Senaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Senaspis dibapha" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dibapha">Senaspis dibapha (Walker, 1849)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1, 2" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1, 2. Senaspis species, habitus, lateral view 1 S. dentipes (Macquart) (♂) 2 S. dibapha (Walker) (♂)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486697" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Figs 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 16–19" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 16 - 19. Head, frontal and lateral view S. dibapha (Walker) (16, 17 ♂ 18, 19 ♀)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures16-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486704" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">, 16-19</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 52–55" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figures 52 - 55. Senaspis species, thorax, dorsal view 52 S. dentipes (Macquart) (♂) 53 S. dibapha (Walker) (♂) 54, 55 S. elliotii Austen (♂)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures52-55" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486713" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">, 53</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 64–67" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figures 64 - 67. Senaspis species, right wing 64 S. dentipes (Macquart) (♂) 65 S. dibapha (Walker) (♂) 66, 67 S. dibapha (Walker) close-up calypters." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures64-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486716" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">, 65-67</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 80–85" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figures 80 - 85. Senaspis species, hind leg, anterior view 80 S. dentipes (Macquart) (♂) 81 S. dibapha (Walker) (♂) 82 S. elliotii Austen (♂) 83 S. flaviceps Macquart (♂) 84 S. flaviceps Macquart (♀) 85 S. haemorrhoa (Gerstaecker) (♂)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures80-85" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486720" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">, 81</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 91–96" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figures 91 - 96. Senaspis species, abdomen, dorsal view 91 S. dentipes (Macquart) (♂) 92 S. dibapha (Walker) (♂) 93 S. elliotii Austen (♂) 94 S. flaviceps Macquart (♂) 95 S. haemorrhoa (Gerstaecker) (♂) 96 S. melanthysana (Speiser) (♂)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures91-96" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486722" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">, 92</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 102–113" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 102 - 113. Senaspis species, male terminalia 102 - 108, 110, 112 dorsal view 109, 111, 113 lateral view 102 S. dentipes (Macquart) 103 S. dibapha (Walker) 104 S. elliotii Austen 105 S. flaviceps Macquart 106 S. haemorrhoa (Gerstaecker) 107 S. nigrita (Bigot) 108, 109 S. melanthysana (Speiser) 110, 111 S. umbrifera (Walker) (holotype) 112, 113 S. nr umbrifera (Walker)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures102-113" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486724" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">, 103</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Xylota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylota dibaphus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dibaphus">Xylota dibaphus</taxonomicName>
Walker, 1849: 560.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalis nigripennis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripennis">Eristalis nigripennis</taxonomicName>
Macquart, 1855: 108. Syn. nov.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bigot" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalomyia rufonasuta" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufonasuta">Eristalomyia rufonasuta</taxonomicName>
Bigot, 1891: 375. Syn. by
<bibRefCitation author="Bezzi, M" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genova" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" pagination="400 - 443" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10812452" refId="B4" refString="Bezzi, M, 1912. Ditteri racolti de Leonardo Fe adurante il suo viaggio nell'Africa occidentale. Parte 1a: Syrphidae. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genova 45: 400 - 443, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10812452" title="Ditteri racolti de Leonardo Fe adurante il suo viaggio nell'Africa occidentale. Parte 1 a: Syrphidae." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10812452" volume="45" year="1912">Bezzi (1912)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Speiser" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalis (Stenaspis) gypseisquama" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gypseisquama" subGenus="Stenaspis">Eristalis (Stenaspis) gypseisquama</taxonomicName>
Speiser, 1910: 123. Syn. by
<bibRefCitation author="Bezzi, M" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genova" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" pagination="400 - 443" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10812452" refId="B4" refString="Bezzi, M, 1912. Ditteri racolti de Leonardo Fe adurante il suo viaggio nell'Africa occidentale. Parte 1a: Syrphidae. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genova 45: 400 - 443, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10812452" title="Ditteri racolti de Leonardo Fe adurante il suo viaggio nell'Africa occidentale. Parte 1 a: Syrphidae." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10812452" volume="45" year="1912">Bezzi (1912)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalis (Stenapsis) gypseisquama subsp. var. var. sulfurata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="gypseisquama" subGenus="Stenapsis" subSpecies="var." variety="sulfurata">Eristalis (Stenapsis) gypseisquama var. sulfurata</taxonomicName>
Speiser, 1911: 240. Syn. by
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, KGV" editor="Crosskey, RW" journalOrPublisher="British Museum (Natural History), London" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" pagination="488 - 510" refId="B46" refString="Smith, KGV, Vockeroth, JR, 1980. 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey, RW, Ed., Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 488 - 510" title="38. Family Syrphidae." volumeTitle="Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region." year="1980">Smith and Vockeroth (1980)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
The only
<taxonomicName authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Senaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Senaspis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Senaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with a pair of lateral facial tubercles in addition to the medial one (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 16–19" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 16 - 19. Head, frontal and lateral view S. dibapha (Walker) (16, 17 ♂ 18, 19 ♀)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures16-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486704" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">16</figureCitation>
) (only single medial tubercle in all other
<taxonomicName authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Senaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Senaspis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Senaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species). Legs predominantly orange to rufous with slender metafemur (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 80–85" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figures 80 - 85. Senaspis species, hind leg, anterior view 80 S. dentipes (Macquart) (♂) 81 S. dibapha (Walker) (♂) 82 S. elliotii Austen (♂) 83 S. flaviceps Macquart (♂) 84 S. flaviceps Macquart (♀) 85 S. haemorrhoa (Gerstaecker) (♂)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures80-85" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486720" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">81</figureCitation>
) (thickened in all other
<taxonomicName authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Senaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Senaspis" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Senaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species). The wing is largely brownish without distinct medial macula (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 64–67" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figures 64 - 67. Senaspis species, right wing 64 S. dentipes (Macquart) (♂) 65 S. dibapha (Walker) (♂) 66, 67 S. dibapha (Walker) close-up calypters." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures64-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486716" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">65</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures12-15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486703" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" start="Figures 12–15" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Figures 12-15.</emphasis>
Head, frontal and lateral view
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. dentipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="dentipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">S. dentipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Macquart) (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">12, 13</emphasis>
♂
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">14, 15</emphasis>
♀).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Examined material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Xylota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylota dibaphus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dibaphus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Xylota dibaphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Walker: Lectotype (hereby formally designated and published; see comments), female, &quot;Lecto- // type&quot; &quot;
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1822" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Xylota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylota" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xylota</taxonomicName>
// Type //
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Xylota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylota dibaphus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dibaphus">Xylota dibaphus</taxonomicName>
// Walk.&quot;
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Locality?”">&quot;Locality?&quot;</normalizedToken>
&quot;LECTOTYPE of //
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1822" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Xylota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylota" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xylota</taxonomicName>
//
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Xylota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylota dibaphus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dibaphus">Xylota dibaphus</taxonomicName>
Walker // desig. F.C. Thompson 1987&quot; [NHMUK].
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures16-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486704" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" start="Figures 16–19" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Figures 16-19.</emphasis>
Head, frontal and lateral view
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. dibapha" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="dibapha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">S. dibapha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Walker) (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">16, 17</emphasis>
♂
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">18, 19</emphasis>
♀).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalis nigripennis" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripennis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Eristalis nigripennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Macquart: Lectotype (hereby designated), male, &quot;SYN- // TYPE&quot; &quot;ex. coll. Bigot. // Prs. by // G.H. Verrall. // B.M.1901-14.&quot; &quot;E.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalis nigripennis" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripennis">Eristalis nigripennis</taxonomicName>
♂. // Columbia Macq.&quot;
<normalizedToken originalValue="“NHMUK010369880”">&quot;NHMUK010369880&quot;</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="“LECTOTYPUS”">&quot;LECTOTYPUS&quot;</normalizedToken>
[NHMUK]. Paralectotype, male, &quot;SYN- // TYPE&quot;
<normalizedToken originalValue="“COLUMBIA”">&quot;COLUMBIA&quot;</normalizedToken>
&quot;ex. coll. Bigot. // Prs. by // G.H. Verrall. // B.M.1901-14.&quot; &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalis" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eristalis</taxonomicName>
//
<taxonomicName authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalis nigripennis" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripennis">Eristalis nigripennis</taxonomicName>
// ♂. Macq.&quot;
<normalizedToken originalValue="“NHMUK010369879”">&quot;NHMUK010369879&quot;</normalizedToken>
&quot;PARA- // LECTOTYPUS&quot; [NHMUK].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bigot" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalomyia rufonasuta" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufonasuta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Eristalomyia rufonasuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bigot: Holotype, female, &quot;Holo- // type&quot; &quot;Assinie // Afrique oc&quot; &quot;Type // J. Bigot&quot; &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eristalomyia</taxonomicName>
//
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bigot" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalomyia rufonasuta" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufonasuta">Eristalomyia rufonasuta</taxonomicName>
// ♀&quot; &quot;Assinie, // W. Africa. // Ex coll. // Bigot. // Pres by // G.H. Verrall. // 94.234.&quot; &quot;BMNH(E) # // 230784&quot; [NHMUK].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Speiser" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalis (Stenaspis) gypseisquama" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gypseisquama" subGenus="Stenaspis">Eristalis (Stenaspis) gypseisquama</taxonomicName>
Speiser: Holotype, female, &quot;Kilimandj. //
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sjöstedt”">Sjoestedt&quot;</normalizedToken>
&quot;Kibonoto // kulturz.&quot;
<normalizedToken originalValue="“maj”">&quot;maj&quot;</normalizedToken>
&quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalis" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eristalis</taxonomicName>
(Dolichom.) //
<normalizedToken originalValue="gÿpseisquama">gypseisquama</normalizedToken>
// P. Speiser det. //
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tÿpe!”">Type!&quot;</normalizedToken>
&quot;NHRS-BYWS // 000002768&quot; &quot;Loan // 575/99&quot; [NRMS, examined through images].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalis (Stenapsis) gypseisquama subsp. var. var. sulfurata" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="gypseisquama" subGenus="Stenapsis" subSpecies="var." variety="sulfurata">Eristalis (Stenapsis) gypseisquama var. sulfurata</taxonomicName>
Speiser: Lectotype (hereby designated), male,
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Typus”">&quot;Typus&quot;</normalizedToken>
&quot;Kamerun // Barombi-Stat. // Preuss S.&quot; &quot;Juli-Oktob. // 1890 Preuss S.&quot; &quot;Zool. Mus // Berlin&quot;
<normalizedToken originalValue="“LECTOTYPUS”">&quot;LECTOTYPUS&quot;</normalizedToken>
[MNB]. Paralectotype, female,
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Typus”">&quot;Typus&quot;</normalizedToken>
&quot;Kamerun // Barombi-Stat. // Preuss S.&quot; &quot;Zool. Mus // Berlin&quot; &quot;PARA- // LECTOTYPUS&quot; [MNB]. Paralectotype, female,
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Typus”">&quot;Typus&quot;</normalizedToken>
&quot;Kamerun // Barombi-Stat. // Preuss S.&quot; &quot;Zool. Mus // Berlin&quot; &quot;PARA- // LECTOTYPUS&quot; [MNB]. Paralectotype, male,
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Typus”">&quot;Typus&quot;</normalizedToken>
&quot;S. Kamerun. // Bipindi //IV. 97. //G. Zenker. S°.&quot; &quot;Buschwald. // IV. 97.&quot; &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalis" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eristalis</taxonomicName>
(Stenasp) //
<taxonomicName authorityName="Speiser" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalis gypseisquama" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gypseisquama">Eristalis gypseisquama</taxonomicName>
m. // P. Speiser det.&quot; &quot;Zool. Mus. // Berlin &quot; &quot;PARA- // LECTOTYPUS &quot; [MNB]. Possibly paralectotype (see comments), female: &quot;Sierra Leone // Dr Staudinger V. &quot; &quot;Sierra // Leone // Staudinger&quot; &quot;Zool. Mus. // Berlin &quot; [MNB].
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures20-23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486705" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" start="Figures 20–23" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Figures 20-23.</emphasis>
Head, frontal and lateral view
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. elliotii" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="elliotii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">S. elliotii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Austen (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">20, 21</emphasis>
♂
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">22, 23</emphasis>
♀).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Other material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
Angola • 1♂; Camissombo; 4-13 Feb. 1958; G.H. Heinrich leg.; CNC • 1♀; Landana; 1875; Klein leg.; MNHN • 2♂♂ 1♀; 30 km N of Quiculungo; Sep.-Oct. 1957; CNC • 1♀; Texeira de Sousa [= Luau]; Feb. 1965; C.A. Green leg.; NMSA. Benin • 1♀; Bonou; 24 Nov. 2011; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 3♂♂ 3♀♀; Niaouli; 21 Nov. 2011; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♂; Niaouli; 10 Dec. 2013; K. Jordaens and G. Goergen leg.; KMMA • 3♀♀;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pénéssoulou">Penessoulou</normalizedToken>
; Jun. 2014; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♀;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pobè">Pobe</normalizedToken>
; 27 Jan. 2016; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♂ 9♀♀; Porto Novo; Aug. 2006; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♂;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sérou">Serou</normalizedToken>
; Nov. 2016; G. Goergen leg.; IITA. Burundi • 1♀; Bubanza, Gihanga Hill; 20 Nov. 195[?]; F.J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="François">Francois</normalizedToken>
leg.; KBIN • 1♀; Kisenyi; 26 Dec. 1952; KBIN • 1♀; Mugina; 21 Jun. 1949; F.J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="François">Francois</normalizedToken>
leg.; KBIN • 3♂♂ 2♀♀; Murmirwa, Nyakibande; 24 Apr. 2019; E. Sinzinkayo leg.; OBPE • 3♂♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 14 Jul. 2019 • 1♂; Murmirwa, Nyambuye; 18 Jun. 2019; E. Sinzinkayo leg.; OBPE • 3♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 18 Sep. 2019 • 4♂♂ 6♀♀; Rwegura, Kibira NP; 31 May 2018; E. Sinzinkayo leg.; OBPE • 1♀; Teza, Kibira NP; 28 May 2018; E. Sinzinkayo leg.; OBPE. Cameroon • 2♀♀; Abong
<normalizedToken originalValue="M’bang">M'bang</normalizedToken>
; 1-30 Apr. 1936; F.G. Merfield leg.; NHMUK • 1♂ 1♀;
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Ja">D'Ja</normalizedToken>
Posten; 1-30 Jul. 1936; F.G. Merfield leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Lolodorf; 5 Nov. 1913; A.I. Good leg.; CNC • 3♀♀; Mbalmayo; 3 Jul. 1998; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 2♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 7 Jul. 1998 • 5♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 8 Jul. 1998 • 3♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Sep. 1998 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Nov. 1998 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; May 1999 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 9 Jul. 1999 • 1♀; Metet; 15 Aug. 1919; A.I. Good leg.; CNC • 1♂;
<normalizedToken originalValue="N’Tem">N'Tem</normalizedToken>
; 1907; Cottes leg.; MNHN • 1♀;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tokélé">Tokele</normalizedToken>
; 16 Oct. 1965; B. de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Miré">Mire</normalizedToken>
leg.; MNHN • 1♀;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yaoundé-Ototomo">Yaounde-Ototomo</normalizedToken>
; 23 Jul. 1965; L. Matile leg.; MNHN • 1♂;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yaoundé-Nkolbisson">Yaounde-Nkolbisson</normalizedToken>
; 17-21 Oct. 1967; L. Tsacas leg.; MNHN. Central African Republic • 1♂; Bagandou, Lobaye; 14 Sep. 1967; L. Matile leg.; MNHN. Democratic republic of the Congo • 1♀; Abok; Oct. 1935; Ch. Scops leg.; KMMA • 5♂♂ 12♀♀; Akenge, Stanleyville [= Kisangani]; Lang and Chapin leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Akunimbagi; 22 Nov. 1932; H.J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brédo">Bredo</normalizedToken>
leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Bafwasende, Stanleyville [= Kisangani]; Nov. 1945; F.
<normalizedToken originalValue="François">Francois</normalizedToken>
leg.; KMMA • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 3 Mar. 1946 • 1♂ 1♀; Bafuwasikuli; 11 Sep. 1912; Christy leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Bamania, Equateur; 1958; P. Hulstaert leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Bamanya, Tshuapa; 1968; P. Hulstaert leg.; KMMA • 1♂ 1♀; Bambesa; 21 Mar. 1938; J. Vrydagh leg.; KBIN • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 6-9 Nov. 1938 • 1♂; Bambesa; 10 Aug. 1933; J.V. Leroy leg.; KMMA • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 10 Oct. 1933 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 20 Oct. 1933 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Dec. 1934 • 3♂♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 15 Oct. 1933; H.J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brédo">Bredo</normalizedToken>
leg. • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 1 Oct. 1938; J. Vrydagh leg. • 6♂♂ 5♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Jul. 1943; J. Vrydagh leg. • 1♂; Bangala, Kutu; 18 Jun. 1935; G. Settembrino leg.; KBIN • 1♂; Barumbu; Feb. 1921; J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ghesquière">Ghesquiere</normalizedToken>
leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Barumbu; 22 Jun. 1921; Tihou; KMMA • 1♂; Bas Congo; KMMA • 1♀; Basoko; 1911; Bequaert leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Basoko; Oct. 1948; P.L.G. Benoit leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Beni Bendi, Sankuru; Jan. 1895; L. Claetens leg.; KBIN • 1♀; Benzali, Kinshasa; 3 Oct. 1968; P.M. Elsen leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Bokuma, Tshuapa; Jul. 1952; P. Lootens leg.; KMMA • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 6 Feb. 1954 • 1♂; Bolingo, Busira River; 23 Jun. 1936; J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ghesquière">Ghesquiere</normalizedToken>
leg.; KBIN • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 24 Jun. 1936 • 1♀; Bombutu, Salonga; Jun. 1936; J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ghesquière">Ghesquiere</normalizedToken>
leg.; KBIN • 1♀; south of Bukavu, Tanganyika; 28 Aug. 1931; NHMUK • 2♀♀; Bumba; Dec. 1939-Jan. 1940; H. De Saeger leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Coquilhatville [= Mbandaka]; 12 May 1927; E. Mestdagh leg.; KBIN • 1♂; Costermansville [= Bukavu]; Jan.-Jun. 1951; H. Bomans leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Dekese, Itunda; Aug. 1959; F.J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="François">Francois</normalizedToken>
leg.; KBIN • 1♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Nov. 1959 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Dec. 1959 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 10 Feb. 1960 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 23 Feb. 1960 • 1♀; Dingila,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Uelé">Uele</normalizedToken>
; 15 Jul. 1933; J.V. Leroy leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Djambi; 23 Dec. 1913; CNC • 1♂; Eala; Apr. 1932; H.J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brédo">Bredo</normalizedToken>
leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Eala; 27 Mar. 1935; J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ghesquière">Ghesquiere</normalizedToken>
leg.; KBIN • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 7 May 1935 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 17 May 1935 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 25 Jun. 1935 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Aug. 1935 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Aug. 1935 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 25 Sep. 1935 • 2♂♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Sep. 1935 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 25 Oct. 1935 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Oct. 1935 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 20 Nov. 1935 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Nov. 1935 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Jan. 1936 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 6 Feb. 1936 • 2♂♂ 4♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Mar. 1936 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 19 Aug. 1936 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 28 Sep. 1936 • 1♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Sep. 1936 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 7 Oct. 1936 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 22 Oct. 1936 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 23 Oct. 1936 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 26 Oct. 1936 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 27 Oct. 1936 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 6 Nov. 1936 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 10 Nov. 1936 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 24 Nov. 1936 • 1♂; Elisabethville [= Lubumbashi]; 26 Feb. 1939; H.J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brédo">Bredo</normalizedToken>
leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Etata, Tshuapa; Sep-Oct. 1969; J. Hauwaerts leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Flandria [= Boteka], Tshuapa; Sep. 1946-Aug. 1947; P. Hulstaert leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Gamangui, Ituri; Feb. 1910; Lang and Chapin leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Gandjo, P.N. Albert; 1934; G.F. de Witte; KMMA • 1♀; Goma, Kivu; 10-15 May 1953; J. Verbeke leg.; KBIN • 1♀; Gombari,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Uelé">Uele</normalizedToken>
; D.J. Rodhain leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Inongo; Aug. 1913; J. Maes leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Irangi, Kivu; Feb. 1986; E. Heiss leg.; CDFA • 1♀; Isangi; May 1949; R.P. Camps leg.; KMMA • 2♂♂ 1♀; Ituri Forest; Jul. 1976; E. Babyetagara leg.; CNC • 1♀; Jenge; Dec. 1931; Putnam leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Jumbi, Mayumbe; 5 May 1926; A. Collart leg.; KMMA • 2♀♀; Kabinda; 1914; J. Schwetz leg.; NHMUK • 3♂♂ 2♀♀; Kadjudju; May-Jun. 1932; G. Babault leg.; MNHN • 4♂♂ 2♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Aug. 1932 • 1♂ 1♀; Kakanou, Lomami; Jun. 1918; J. Schwetz leg.; KBIN • 1♀; Kalenge, Lulua; Aug. 1932; G.F. Overlaet leg.; KMMA • 3♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Feb. 1934 • 1♀; Kalonge, P.N. Albert; 23-31 Jul. 1952; P. Vanschuytbroeck and J.Kekenbosch leg.; KMMA • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 27-30 Jul. 1952 • 1♀; Kapanga, Lulua; Nov. 1928; Walker leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Kapanga, Lulua; Aug. 1932; G.F. Overlaet leg.; KMMA • 2♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Nov. 1932 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Jan. 1933 • 1♂ 4♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Mar. 1933 • 1♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Nov. 1933 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Nov. 1933; CNC • 1♂; Kelzongo, Ubangi; 1 Feb. 1932; H.J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brédo">Bredo</normalizedToken>
leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Keshero, Kivu; 27 Aug. 1953; J. Verbeke leg.; KBIN • 1♀; Kibali, Yindi, Ituri; May 1949; A.E. Bertrand leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Kibombo; 31 Oct. 1910; Bequaert leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Kisantu; 1932; De Wulf leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Kikyo, nr Kalonge, P.N. Albert; 10 Aug. 1952; R.P. Lootens leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Kissenyi, Kivu; 25 Apr. 1923; Van Saceghem leg.; KMMA • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1924 • 1♀; Komi, Sankuru; Dec. 1930; J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ghesquière">Ghesquiere</normalizedToken>
leg.; CNC • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 8 Apr. 1930; KMMA • 3♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; May 1930 • 2♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; Jun. 1930 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Dec. 1930 • 1♀; Kona; 16 May 2010; P. Grootaert leg.; KMMA • 1♂ 1♀; Kondue, Sankuru, E. Luja leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Lemba, Mayumbe; 1-10 Dec. 1915; R.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mayné">Mayne</normalizedToken>
leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Leverville [= Lusanga]; 1♂; Jan. 1914; P. Vanderijst leg.; KMMA • 1♀; 1928; J. Tinant leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Lokandu, Biawa Island; Jul. 1939; Vissers leg.; KMMA • 1♂ 1♀; Lubutu; 22 Jan. 1915; J. Bequaert leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Lueba near Baraka, Lake Taganyika; 16 Apr. 1927; R. Bois leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Luebo; 30 Aug. 1921; H. Schouteden leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Lukolela; Nov. 1934; Ledoux leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Luputa, Lomami; Sep. 1934; Bouvier leg.; KMMA • 3♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; May 1935 • 1♂; Lusambo; 1938; V. Lagae leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Luvungi; Feb. 1916; Rodhain leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Mayumbe; 1917; R.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mayné">Mayne</normalizedToken>
leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Mbau, North Kivu; 8-21 Dec. 1971; H. Falke leg.; CNC • 1♀; Moanda; KMMA • 1♀; Mobeka, Ubangi; 11 Aug. 1947; M. Poll, leg.; KMMA • 2♀♀; Moma, Equateur; Jun. 1925; J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ghesquière">Ghesquiere</normalizedToken>
and Prince Leopold leg.; KMMA • 2♂♂; Mongbwalu, Kilo; 1937; Scheitz leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Mulungu, Kivu; 5 Apr. 1937; H.J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brédo">Bredo</normalizedToken>
leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Mulungu, Kivu; Nov. 1951; P.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lefèvre">Lefevre</normalizedToken>
leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Niangara,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Uelé">Uele</normalizedToken>
; Nov. 1910; Lang and Chapin leg.; KMMA • 1♂;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ouellé">Ouelle</normalizedToken>
, Bouta; A. Dubois leg.; MNHN • 1♀; Poko;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Uelé">Uele</normalizedToken>
; Aug. 1913; Lang and Chapin leg.; CNC • 13♂♂ 18♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; KMMA • 1♂; Rumangabo, Nyakibanda, P.N. Albert; 11-13 Apr. 1945; G.F. de Witte leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Rutshuru; Jan. 1928; Ch. Seydel leg.; KMMA • 2♀♀; Rutshuru; 24 Nov. 1952; J. Verbeke leg.; KBIN • 1♀; Sake, nr Mutayo River, Kivu; 21 Mar. 1953; J. Verbeke leg.; KBIN • 1♂; Sankuru; 1910; Abrassart leg.; KMMA • 1♂; Shakakombe; 20 Apr. 1959; F.J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="François">Francois</normalizedToken>
leg.; KBIN • 1♀; Stanleyville [= Kisangani]; Lang and Chapin leg.; CNC • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Mar. 1915 • 2♂♂ 3♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; NHMUK • 1♂ 2♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; KMMA • 1♂; Tshibinda, Kivu; Dec. 1927; Ch. Seydel leg.; KMMA • 1♀;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Uelé">Uele</normalizedToken>
River; Rodhain leg.; KMMA • 2♂♂; Uruwu to Beni; Dec. 1935; F.
<normalizedToken originalValue="François">Francois</normalizedToken>
leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Uvira; Aug.-Dec. 1949; G. Marlier leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Wamba; 1936; Degotte leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Yahuma; Dec. 1948; P.L.G. Benoit leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Yangangu, Libenge; Oct.-Nov. 1945; C. Henrard leg.; KMMA. Equatorial Guinea • 1♀; Nkolentangan; 17 Nov. 1907; S.G. Tessmann leg.; MNB • 2♂♂ 3♀♀; San Benito [= Mbini]; 1885; Guiral leg.; MNHN. Gabon • 1♀;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lambaréné">Lambarene</normalizedToken>
; 1921; E. Le Moult leg.; MNHN • 1♀; Lastourville; G. Le Testu leg.; MNHN • 2♀♀; Libreville; Aug. 1892; MNB • 1♂; Libreville road, 50 km from Makokou; 8 May 1974; M. Donskoff and J. Le Breton leg.; MNHN • 1♀;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mabilé">Mabile</normalizedToken>
range; 14 Apr. 2016; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♂; Makokou; Jul. 1970; J. David leg.; MNHN • 1♂; Muni, Mts de Cristal; 15-31 Oct. 1969; A. Villiers leg.; MNHN. Ghana • 1♀; Aburi; 1912-1913; W.H. Patterson leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Ayona; May 2008; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♀; Buro-Buro, Kumasi; 24 May 1976; A.B. Stam leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Cape Coast; Dec. 2004; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♀; Kade; 3 Apr. 1964; C. Dudley leg.; NMSA • 1♀; Nadia; 1913; A.E. Evans leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Nyabo, Ashanti; 29 Mar. 1947; J. Bowden leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Obuasi; 20 Feb. 1906; W.M. Graham leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 11 Aug. 1906 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 24 Jul. 1907 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 4 Aug. 1907 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; [no date] • 12♂♂ 7♀♀; Wati Waterfalls; Feb. 2003; G. Goergen leg.; IITA. Guinea Conakry • 3♀♀; Tamara Island, Iles de Los; Jul. 1913; J. Serand leg.; MNHN • 1♀;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yanlé">Yanle</normalizedToken>
; Jun. 1942; M. Lamotte leg.; MNHN. Ivory Coast • 1♀; Daloa; Dec. 1930-Apr. 1931; Ch. Alluaud and P.A. Chappuis leg.; MNHN • 1♀;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Danané">Danane</normalizedToken>
; Jan. 1939; L. Chopard leg.; MNHN • 1♀;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Duékué">Duekue</normalizedToken>
; Dec. 1930-Apr. 1931; Ch. Alluaud and P.A. Chappuis leg.; MNHN • 1♀; Koun-Abronso; Sep. 1961; J. Decelle leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Odienne; 1 May 1973; V. Vittard leg.; MNHN. Kenya • 1♀; Bura, Taita; Mar. 1912; Alluaud and Jeannel leg.; MNHN • 1♀; Bwamba; Jul.-Aug. 1946; V.G.L. van Someren leg.; NHMUK • 2♀♀; Ilala, 14 mi E Mumias; 18-21 Jun. 1911; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Kaimosi; Mar.-Apr. 1932; V.G.L. van Someren leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Feb. 1949 • 1♂; Kakamega Forest; 18-22 Jan. 1972; C.F. Huggins leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Mawakota; Jul. 1929; V.G.L. van Someren leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Nyangnori, West Nandi; Oct. 1904; Alluaud leg.; MNHN • 1♀; Taveta; Aug. 1947; V.G.L. van Someren leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Yala River, S edge Kakamega Forest; 21-28 May 1911; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK. Liberia • 1♀; House Voinjana; 3 Sep. 1959; NHMUK • 1♀; river camp 3; 1926; J. Bequaert leg.; KMMA. Malawi • 1♂; Chintheche; Dec. 1977; R.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jocqué">Jocque</normalizedToken>
leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Mt Mlanje; 26 Oct. 1912; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 6 Apr. 1913 • 1♀; Mt Mlanje; Jan.-Feb. 1914; J.B. Davey leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; 10 km W Nkhata Bay; 5-6 Mar. 1987; J. and A. Londt leg.; NMSA. Mozambique • 1♀; Tumbine Mountains, Milange; Apr. 1958; B. Stuckenberg leg.; NMSA. Nigeria • 1♂ 1♀; Aiyangba, N Nigeria; 11 Jan. 1911; T.J. Simpson leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Ibadan, IITA Centre; Oct. 1997; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 2♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; Nov. 2001 • 2♀♀; Ile-Ife; 30-31 Dec. 1969; J.T. Medler leg.; CNC • 1♂; S. Nigeria; T.J. Simpson leg.; NHMUK. Republic Of The Congo • 2♀♀;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lambaréné">Lambarene</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ogooué">Ogooue</normalizedToken>
; E. Ellenberger leg.; MNHN • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1911 • 2♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1912 • 3♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1913 • 2♀♀;
<normalizedToken originalValue="N’Kogo">N'Kogo</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ogooué">Ogooue</normalizedToken>
; 1901; J. Bouyssou leg.; MNHN • 2♂♂;
<normalizedToken originalValue="N’Goko-Sanga">N'Goko-Sanga</normalizedToken>
Basin, Ouesso; 1906; J. Gravot leg.; MNHN • 1♀; Ubokasanga; 1906; D. Gnavorod leg.; MNHN. Rwanda • 1♀; Ninda, P.N. Albert; 26 Sep. 1934; G.F. de Witte leg.; KBIN • 1♀; Rubona; 17 Jun. 1955; P. Elsen leg.; KMMA • 1♀; Shangugu; 23 Oct.-15 Nov. 1948; F.J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="François">Francois</normalizedToken>
leg.; KBIN • 1♀; Shangugu; 6 Apr. 1953; P. Basilewsky leg.; KMMA. Tanzania • 1♀; Bukoba; 10 Jun. 1912; C.C Gowdey leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Amani; G. Pringle leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Amani; 10 Dec. 1960; CNC • 1♂ 1♀; Morogoro; 6 May 1925; A.H. Ritchie leg.; NHMUK • 1♂ 2♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 10 May 1925 • 2♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 16 May 1925. Togo • 2♀♀;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dzogbégan">Dzogbegan</normalizedToken>
; 9 Jun. 1999; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♂; Kloto; Aug. 2003; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Dec. 2003 • 30♂♂ 20♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Jan. 2004 • 35♂♂ 24♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Feb. 2004 • 7♂♂ 4♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Mar. 2004 • 3♂♂ 2♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; Apr. 2004 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Jan. 2005 • 12♀; same collection data as for preceding; Oct. 2005 • 1♂ 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; Nov. 2005 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Feb. 2006 • 4♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; Feb. 2007 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Jan. 2008 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Nov. 2015 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 21-24 Jan. 2016 • 1♀; Kloto Forest; Oct. 2005; G. Goergen leg.; IITA • 2♂♂ 1♀; Kuma-Tokpli; 21-24 Jan. 2016; G. Goergen leg.; KMMA. Uganda • 1♀; Ankole, West Uganda; 30 Dec. 1975; M.K. Paulus leg.; CNC • 1♀; Ankole-Toro border, E Lake George; 20-21 Oct. 1911; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 2♀♀; Buamba Forest, Semliki Valley; 3-7 Nov. 1911; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Budongo Forest, Unyoro; 11-15 Dec. 1911; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Buramba Forest, Toro District; 22 Oct. 1913; R.E. McConnell leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; East Busoga, between Jinja and Busia or Mbwago; 28 Jul-1 Aug. 1911; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Bwamba; 1 Jul. 1976; E. Babyetagara leg.; CNC • 1♂; Bwamba Valley; Jul. 1945; V.G.L. van Someren leg.; CNC • 1♀; Doro or Durro Forest, Toro; 25-29 Oct. 1911; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 1♂ 1♀; Mount Elgon; 4-8 Dec. 1972; H. Falke leg.; CNC • 1♀; Entebbe; 1-11 Sep. 1911; S.A. Neave leg. • 1♂ 3♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 18-20 Nov. 1912; C.C. Gowdey leg. • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 3-4 Dec. 1912 • 2♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 12-13 Dec. 1912 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 1959; P.S. Corbet leg. • 1♀; Entebbe; 16 Oct. 1971; H. Falke leg.; CNC • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 17 Jun. 1972 • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 26 Oct. 1971; ZFMK • 9♀♀; near Entebbe; 1-14 Feb. 1973; H. Falke leg.; CNC • 2♀♀; Gayaza, Ankole; 17 Mar. 1936; H.B. Johnston leg.; NHMUK • 1♂ 3♀♀; Lake George; 17-19 Oct. 1911; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Hoima-Kampala Road; 3 Jan. 1912; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 1♂ 1♀; Ibanda; 23-28 Dec. 1972; H. Falke leg.; CNC • 2♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 19-24 Apr. 1973 • 1♂ 1♀; Impenetrable Forest, Ruhiza, Kigezi; 1-10 Jun. 1972; E. Babyetagara leg.; CNC • 1♂; Jinja; Sep. 1928; V.G.L. van Someren leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; Oct. 1930 • 1♂; Katera Forest, South of Maseka; May 1972; E. Babyetagara leg.; CNC • 2♂♂ 2♀♀; Kayonza Forest, Kigezi; May 1972; E. Babyetagara leg.; CNC • 2♂♂; Mabira Forest, Chagwe; 16-25 Jul. 1911; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Maramagambo Forest, Lutoto, on Lake Edward Road; 1 Feb. 1912; H.B. Edwards leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Masinda; Feb. 1912; R. Fyffe leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Mbali; 19 Aug. 1912; C.H. Marshall leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Mbarara, Ankole; Sep. 1966; M.G. Jefferies leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Mbuma; 22 May 1910; C.A. Wiggins leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Mpanga Forest, Toro; 13-23 Nov. 1911; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Nakasongola; 28 Jul. 1911; C.C. Gowdey leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 28 Aug. 1912 • 2♀♀; Nkokonjera; 23 Dec. 1910; C.C. Gowdey leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; Nyanza Victoria Northwest shores; 12-15 Sep. 1911; S.A. Neave leg.; NHMUK • 1♂; Nyrbthozi County, Nyabushozi; 21 Jan. 1975; P. Mugabi leg.; CNC • 1♂; Ruwenzori Foothills; 3-8 Jan. 1972; H. Falke leg.; CNC • 1♂; Rumi River; [no date]; J. Fraser leg.; NHMUK • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Feb. 1912 • 1♀; Semliki Forest; 18 Feb. 1912; J. Fraser leg. NHMUK. Zimbabwe • 1♀; Bomponi; 16 May 1965; D. Cookson leg.; NMSA • 1♂; same collection data as for preceding; 24 May 1965 • 1♂; N. Vumba; 7 Apr. 1966; D. Cookson leg.; NMSA • 1♀; Zonwi River bridge; 17 Feb. 1963; A. van Bruggen leg.; NMSA.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures24-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486706" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" start="Figures 24–27" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Figures 24-27.</emphasis>
Head, frontal and lateral view
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. flaviceps" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="flaviceps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">S. flaviceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Macquart (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">24, 25</emphasis>
♂
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">26, 27</emphasis>
♀).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Body length: 13.5-18.2 mm. Wing length: 11.0-12.7 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Male</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1, 2" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1, 2. Senaspis species, habitus, lateral view 1 S. dentipes (Macquart) (♂) 2 S. dibapha (Walker) (♂)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures1-2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486697" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">2</figureCitation>
). Head (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 16–19" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 16 - 19. Head, frontal and lateral view S. dibapha (Walker) (16, 17 ♂ 18, 19 ♀)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures16-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486704" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 16–19" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 16 - 19. Head, frontal and lateral view S. dibapha (Walker) (16, 17 ♂ 18, 19 ♀)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures16-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486704" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">17</figureCitation>
). Eye bare, holoptic; eye contiguity for distance at most 1.5 times length of ocellar triangle, facets slightly enlarged in dorsal half, ca. three times as large in diameter as ventral facets. Frons dark rufous to black-brown; largely subshiny with black pollinosity in dorsal fifth only; dispersed short dark pile, dorsally somewhat longer. Face ground colour rufous (very rarely more black-brown); mainly shining with weak grey pollinosity only below antenna, along eye margin and below lateral facial tubercle; in parts with dispersed short pale pile; facial tubercle strongly pronounced, distinct lateral tubercle present. Gena colour and pollinosity as face; with short to long pale pile. Occiput black-brown, along eye margin more orange, with dispersed pale pile. Antennal segments and arista rufous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Thorax</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 52–55" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figures 52 - 55. Senaspis species, thorax, dorsal view 52 S. dentipes (Macquart) (♂) 53 S. dibapha (Walker) (♂) 54, 55 S. elliotii Austen (♂)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures52-55" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486713" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">53</figureCitation>
). Scutum subshiny black; with very short black pile; postpronotum and notopleuron more orange to rufous and with longer pale or dark pile; transverse suture with fascia of black pollinosity. Scutellum clearly marginated, distinctly rounded and at most twice as wide as long; rufous, sometimes darker; with short dark pile, along margins paler pile. Pleura ground colour black to black-brown, along anterior spiracle more orange to rufous, covered with dispersed long dark pile except on meron, dorsomedial anepimeron, ventral part of katepimeron, anterior part of katepisternum and anterior anepisternum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Legs</emphasis>
. Orange to rufous (very rarely more brown), metatarsomeres 3-5 darker; with short pale orange pile, along posterior margin of pro- and mesofemora and ventral margin of metafemur with longer pile, sometimes pile partially dark red. Metaleg (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 80–85" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figures 80 - 85. Senaspis species, hind leg, anterior view 80 S. dentipes (Macquart) (♂) 81 S. dibapha (Walker) (♂) 82 S. elliotii Austen (♂) 83 S. flaviceps Macquart (♂) 84 S. flaviceps Macquart (♀) 85 S. haemorrhoa (Gerstaecker) (♂)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures80-85" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486720" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">81</figureCitation>
), femur slender, with slight ventral swelling in apical fifth, pile at swelling black and more dense; tibia slightly thickened and curved, pile along ventral margin in apical half to two-thirds longer and more dense.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Wing</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 64–67" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figures 64 - 67. Senaspis species, right wing 64 S. dentipes (Macquart) (♂) 65 S. dibapha (Walker) (♂) 66, 67 S. dibapha (Walker) close-up calypters." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures64-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486716" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">65</figureCitation>
). Brownish, except alula and along posterior margin where hyaline; hyaline area not distinctly demarcated. Calypters dull chalk-white to yellow with fringe of silvery white to yellow pile (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 64–67" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figures 64 - 67. Senaspis species, right wing 64 S. dentipes (Macquart) (♂) 65 S. dibapha (Walker) (♂) 66, 67 S. dibapha (Walker) close-up calypters." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures64-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486716" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">66</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 64–67" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figures 64 - 67. Senaspis species, right wing 64 S. dentipes (Macquart) (♂) 65 S. dibapha (Walker) (♂) 66, 67 S. dibapha (Walker) close-up calypters." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures64-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486716" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">67</figureCitation>
). Cell r1 closed, petiole usually shorter than height of base of stigma, at most as long as base. Vein R4+5 sinuate and short appendiculate, sometimes appendix missing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Abdomen</emphasis>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 91–96" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figures 91 - 96. Senaspis species, abdomen, dorsal view 91 S. dentipes (Macquart) (♂) 92 S. dibapha (Walker) (♂) 93 S. elliotii Austen (♂) 94 S. flaviceps Macquart (♂) 95 S. haemorrhoa (Gerstaecker) (♂) 96 S. melanthysana (Speiser) (♂)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures91-96" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486722" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">92</figureCitation>
). Uniformly subshiny black to black-brown, rarely posteriorly more rufous; with short dark pile except tergum I where silver-grey. Sterna rufous to black-brown; with dispersed long pale pile except for sternum IV and postabdomen where dark. Male genitalia as in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 102–113" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figures 102 - 113. Senaspis species, male terminalia 102 - 108, 110, 112 dorsal view 109, 111, 113 lateral view 102 S. dentipes (Macquart) 103 S. dibapha (Walker) 104 S. elliotii Austen 105 S. flaviceps Macquart 106 S. haemorrhoa (Gerstaecker) 107 S. nigrita (Bigot) 108, 109 S. melanthysana (Speiser) 110, 111 S. umbrifera (Walker) (holotype) 112, 113 S. nr umbrifera (Walker)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures102-113" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486724" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">103</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Female.</emphasis>
As male except for the following character states: Eye dichoptic (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 16–19" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 16 - 19. Head, frontal and lateral view S. dibapha (Walker) (16, 17 ♂ 18, 19 ♀)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures16-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486704" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 16–19" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 16 - 19. Head, frontal and lateral view S. dibapha (Walker) (16, 17 ♂ 18, 19 ♀)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures16-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486704" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">19</figureCitation>
), dorsal facets slightly larger than ventral ones. Frons with rufous to black pollinosity in dorsal part for length equal to ocellar triangle; with short dark pile except dorsal of antennal implant where intermixed with greyish pile. Scutellum usually darker, almost concolourous with medial part of scutum, sometimes more than twice as wide as long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
Angola, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea Conakry, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe. Record from Colombia for the type specimen of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalis nigripennis" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripennis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Eristalis nigripennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is probably an error as the species is not reported from the Neotropical Region (see Comments).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures28-31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486707" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" start="Figures 28–31" startId="F11">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Figures 28-31.</emphasis>
Head, frontal and lateral view
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. haemorrhoa" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="haemorrhoa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">S. haemorrhoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Gerstaecker) (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">28, 29</emphasis>
♂
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">30, 31</emphasis>
♀).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
This species has been described under several names but most of them were synonymized subsequently. No distinct character states could be discerned to confirm the specific status of these taxa, so the different synonymies are confirmed. The description of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nigripennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="nigripennis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">S. nigripennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
deviates in some aspects from the morphological character states observed in
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. dibapha" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="dibapha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">S. dibapha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: &quot;face
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’un">d'un</normalizedToken>
noir
<normalizedToken originalValue="brunâtre">brunatre</normalizedToken>
luisant&quot; [face shiny brownish black]; &quot;Thorax et abdomen
<normalizedToken originalValue="…">...</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="légers">legers</normalizedToken>
reflets verts&quot; [Thorax and abdomen with light greenish reflections]; &quot;jambes
<normalizedToken originalValue="postérieures….">posterieures....</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="ciliées">ciliees</normalizedToken>
de noir&quot; [posterior legs
<normalizedToken originalValue="…">...</normalizedToken>
black ciliated]. Other character states correspond with
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. dibapha" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="dibapha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">S. dibapha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the two syntypes of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nigripennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="nigripennis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">S. nigripennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the NHMUK collection do not correspond with the above mentioned deviations, although one syntype (partially covered in mould) does have a darker facial colour than usually observed and the pilosity of the metatibia is dark reddish (as observed in other specimens).
<bibRefCitation author="Speiser, P" journalOrPublisher="Jahrbuch des nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" pagination="117 - 146" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3022943" refId="B49" refString="Speiser, P, 1913. Ueber einige Syrphiden und zwei fuer die Deutsche Fauna neue Clythiiden. Jahrbuch des nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde 66: 117 - 146, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3022943" title="Ueber einige Syrphiden und zwei fuer die Deutsche Fauna neue Clythiiden." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3022943" volume="66" year="1913">Speiser (1913)</bibRefCitation>
also pointed out a slightly different shape of the scutellum in
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nigripennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="nigripennis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">S. nigripennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, compared to
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. dibapha" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="dibapha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">S. dibapha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this seems to fall within the variability observed in the material examined. In all other aspects they are identical to other material of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. dibapha" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="dibapha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">S. dibapha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
studied, including the type. They are labelled as originating from Colombia, as stated in the original description by Macquart: &quot;De la Colombie&quot;.
<bibRefCitation author="Speiser, P" journalOrPublisher="Jahrbuch des nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" pagination="117 - 146" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3022943" refId="B49" refString="Speiser, P, 1913. Ueber einige Syrphiden und zwei fuer die Deutsche Fauna neue Clythiiden. Jahrbuch des nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde 66: 117 - 146, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3022943" title="Ueber einige Syrphiden und zwei fuer die Deutsche Fauna neue Clythiiden." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3022943" volume="66" year="1913">Speiser (1913)</bibRefCitation>
already suggested the synonymy, but he did not formally designate it based on the geographical issue.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49898" author="Thompson, FC" journalOrPublisher="A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 195" refId="B53" refString="Thompson, FC, Vockeroth, JR, Sedman, YS, 1976. Family Syrphidae. A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States 46: 1 - 195, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49898" title="Family Syrphidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.49898" volume="46" year="1976">Thompson et al. (1976)</bibRefCitation>
in the Neotropical catalogue listed this under the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Palpada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palpada" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Palpada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Macquart, 1834 as a new combination and indicated Oxford museum as type depository. However, no type specimen could be traced in the OXUM collection (Z. Simmons, pers. comm.).
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.39" author="Montoya, AL" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" pagination="457 - 537" refId="B42" refString="Montoya, AL, 2016. Family Syrphidae. Zootaxa 4122: 457 - 537, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.39" title="Family Syrphidae." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.39" volume="4122" year="2016">Montoya (2016)</bibRefCitation>
did not list
<taxonomicName authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalis nigripennis" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripennis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Eristalis nigripennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
anymore in his catalogue of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Syrphidae</taxonomicName>
from Colombia. The Systema Dipterorum website (
<bibRefCitation author="Evenhuis, NL" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" publicationUrl="http://diptera.org" refId="B20" refString="Evenhuis, NL, Pape, T, 2020. Systema Dipterorum. The Biosystematic Database of World Diptera. Version 2.8. http://diptera.org" title="Systema Dipterorum. The Biosystematic Database of World Diptera. Version 2.8." url="http://diptera.org" year="2020">Evenhuis and Pape 2020</bibRefCitation>
) listed it as junior synonym of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. dibapha" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="dibapha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">S. dibapha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We consider the type material at NHM as being representative and hence
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. nigripennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="nigripennis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">S. nigripennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as being synonymous with
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. dibapha" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="dibapha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">S. dibapha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The type of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. dibapha" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="dibapha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">S. dibapha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bears a lectotype label by F.C. Thompson, dated 1987, but this lectotype designation does not seem to have been published. Here we thus formally place
<taxonomicName authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalis nigripennis" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripennis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Eristalis nigripennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Macquart as synonym of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1849" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Senaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Senaspis dibapha" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dibapha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Senaspis dibapha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Walker.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<bibRefCitation author="Speiser, P" journalOrPublisher="British Museum (Natural History), London" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1448273" refId="B47" refString="Speiser, P, 1910. 5. Cyclorhapha, Aschiza. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru 10 (Diptera): 113-202. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1448273" title="5. Cyclorhapha, Aschiza. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru 10 (Diptera): 113 - 202." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1448273" year="1910">Speiser (1910)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName authorityName="Speiser" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalis gypseisquama" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gypseisquama">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Eristalis gypseisquama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from a number of specimens originating from West (Cameroon and Sierra Leone) and East (Tanzania, Uganda) Africa. Afterwards,
<bibRefCitation author="Speiser, P" journalOrPublisher="Jahrbuch des nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" pagination="237 - 261" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7263230" refId="B48" refString="Speiser, P, 1911. Zur Kenntnis aussereuropaeischer Dipteren. Jahrbuch des nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde 64: 237 - 261, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7263230" title="Zur Kenntnis aussereuropaeischer Dipteren." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7263230" volume="64" year="1911">Speiser (1911)</bibRefCitation>
considered the material from West Africa as a separate variety (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Speiser" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalis sulfurata" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulfurata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Eristalis sulfurata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), based on the coloration of the calypters. Of the specimens from West Africa, a number could be traced in the MNB collection (see above type material examined). The material from Uganda (for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Speiser" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalis gypseisquama" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gypseisquama">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Eristalis gypseisquama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and part of the material from Barombi, Cameroon and the male specimen from
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kondué">Kondue</normalizedToken>
, Democratic Republic of the Congo (for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalis gypseisquama subsp. var. var. sulfurata" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="gypseisquama" subSpecies="var." variety="sulfurata">Eristalis gypseisquama var. sulfurata</taxonomicName>
) could, however, not be traced. The female specimen from Sierra Leone in the MNB collection (apparently received or purchased from Staudinger) could be the type referred to as 'ein angekauftes F aus Sierra
<normalizedToken originalValue="Leone’">Leone'</normalizedToken>
in
<bibRefCitation author="Speiser, P" journalOrPublisher="British Museum (Natural History), London" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1448273" refId="B47" refString="Speiser, P, 1910. 5. Cyclorhapha, Aschiza. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru 10 (Diptera): 113-202. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1448273" title="5. Cyclorhapha, Aschiza. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru 10 (Diptera): 113 - 202." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1448273" year="1910">Speiser (1910)</bibRefCitation>
. Although the latter is not explicitly mentioned in
<bibRefCitation author="Speiser, P" journalOrPublisher="Jahrbuch des nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" pagination="237 - 261" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7263230" refId="B48" refString="Speiser, P, 1911. Zur Kenntnis aussereuropaeischer Dipteren. Jahrbuch des nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde 64: 237 - 261, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7263230" title="Zur Kenntnis aussereuropaeischer Dipteren." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7263230" volume="64" year="1911">Speiser (1911)</bibRefCitation>
as type of
<taxonomicName authority="var. sulfurata" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalis sulfurata subsp. var. var. sulfurata" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="sulfurata" subSpecies="var." variety="sulfurata">Eristalis sulfurata var. sulfurata</taxonomicName>
, it is implied under &quot;Alle diese Exemplare haben hell citronengelbe statt weisser
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schüppchen">Schueppchen</normalizedToken>
, sind aber sonst
<normalizedToken originalValue="völlig">voellig</normalizedToken>
gleich mit den Ostafrikanern&quot; [All of these specimens have bright lemon yellow instead of white calypters, but are otherwise identical to the East Africans] (in
<bibRefCitation author="Speiser, P" journalOrPublisher="British Museum (Natural History), London" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1448273" refId="B47" refString="Speiser, P, 1910. 5. Cyclorhapha, Aschiza. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru 10 (Diptera): 113-202. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1448273" title="5. Cyclorhapha, Aschiza. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru 10 (Diptera): 113 - 202." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1448273" year="1910">Speiser 1910</bibRefCitation>
) and &quot;westafrikanische Form als besondere
<normalizedToken originalValue="Varietät">Varietaet</normalizedToken>
mit einem Namen zu belegen&quot; [to assign a name to the West African form as a special variety] (in
<bibRefCitation author="Speiser, P" journalOrPublisher="Jahrbuch des nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" pagination="237 - 261" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7263230" refId="B48" refString="Speiser, P, 1911. Zur Kenntnis aussereuropaeischer Dipteren. Jahrbuch des nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde 64: 237 - 261, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7263230" title="Zur Kenntnis aussereuropaeischer Dipteren." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7263230" volume="64" year="1911">Speiser 1911</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, KGV" editor="Crosskey, RW" journalOrPublisher="British Museum (Natural History), London" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" pagination="488 - 510" refId="B46" refString="Smith, KGV, Vockeroth, JR, 1980. 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey, RW, Ed., Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 488 - 510" title="38. Family Syrphidae." volumeTitle="Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region." year="1980">Smith and Vockeroth (1980)</bibRefCitation>
listed
<taxonomicName authorityName="Speiser" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Eristalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eristalis sulfurata" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulfurata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Eristalis sulfurata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a distinct species but as junior synonym of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1849" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Senaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Senaspis dibapha" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dibapha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Senaspis dibapha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As indicated the colour of the lower calypter is variable from yellowish to bright white.
<bibRefCitation author="Speiser, P" journalOrPublisher="Jahrbuch des nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" pagination="237 - 261" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7263230" refId="B48" refString="Speiser, P, 1911. Zur Kenntnis aussereuropaeischer Dipteren. Jahrbuch des nassauischen Vereins fuer Naturkunde 64: 237 - 261, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7263230" title="Zur Kenntnis aussereuropaeischer Dipteren." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7263230" volume="64" year="1911">Speiser (1911)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that there is a geographical separation between
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. gypseisquama" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="gypseisquama">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">S. gypseisquama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">sensu stricto</emphasis>
found in eastern Africa, and the variety
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Senaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Senaspis sulfurata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulfurata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Senaspis sulfurata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
found in West and Central Africa. However, we have studied long series throughout the full geographical range and do not confirm this pattern. Both colour forms were found in close by or same locations (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 64–67" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figures 64 - 67. Senaspis species, right wing 64 S. dentipes (Macquart) (♂) 65 S. dibapha (Walker) (♂) 66, 67 S. dibapha (Walker) close-up calypters." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures64-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486716" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">66</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 64–67" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figures 64 - 67. Senaspis species, right wing 64 S. dentipes (Macquart) (♂) 65 S. dibapha (Walker) (♂) 66, 67 S. dibapha (Walker) close-up calypters." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures64-67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486716" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">67</figureCitation>
, material from same locality in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Dekese, Itunda). DNA barcodes of specimens from West (i.e., Benin, Ghana, Togo), Central (D.R. Congo) and East (Uganda) Africa do not show any separation (Suppl. material 1: Fig. S1). No other correlated characters states could be linked to the color of the lower calypter. Therefore, the character is considered to be variable, not related to geographic distribution and of no taxonomic importance.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1003.56557.figures32-35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/486708" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" start="Figures 32–35" startId="F12">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Figures 32-35.</emphasis>
Head, frontal and lateral view
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. melanthysana" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="melanthysana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">S. melanthysana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Speiser) (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">32, 33</emphasis>
♂
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">34, 35</emphasis>
♀).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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