treatments-xml/data/15/4F/D0/154FD01D4B48FFF7FF6E9116BB80CF03.xml

<document id="9B35ABF77114D21D3258FCC813F2F8C5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3664.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e5ce6301-e878-4ddd-9309-c56373686f59" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="283786" ID-ZooBank="C8136C89-7787-477D-BC64-97AA6C16057B" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460613860799" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rodriguez, Pilar &amp; Fend, Steven V." docDate="2013" docId="154FD01D4B48FFF7FF6E9116BB80CF03" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03664p044.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3664 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhyacodrilus longichaeta Rodriguez &amp; Fend, 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="E976A8654B53FFD3FFF99271B97ACD14" masterDocTitle="New species of Rhyacodrilus (Annelida: Clitellata: Rhyacodrilinae) of North America, with re-description of R. sodalis (Eisen, 1879)" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1698329309631" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="250D8F5142A1BE30BB44CF2F410DFDAD">New species of Rhyacodrilus (Annelida: Clitellata: Rhyacodrilinae) of North America, with re-description of R. sodalis (Eisen, 1879)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="26009A0FCC908C0FD5C1639D46C888AB">Rodriguez, Pilar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="51F5886D400454C532055FB68E2E6CAC">Fend, Steven V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="9B5B76CC01A603310A272C7FE55799FD">2013</mods:date>
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<treatment id="154FD01D4B48FFF7FF6E9116BB80CF03" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6160667" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127664166" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6160667" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:154FD01D4B48FFF7FF6E9116BB80CF03" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/154FD01D4B48FFF7FF6E9116BB80CF03" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<subSubSection id="D5FC32804B48FFC8FF6E9116B85DCEB6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B48FFC8FF6E9116BB6CCE95" blockId="27.[151,534,871,930]" box="[151,534,871,897]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<heading id="C611D6674B48FFC8FF6E9116BB6CCE95" bold="true" box="[151,534,871,897]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="1">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FF6E9116BB6CCE95" bold="true" box="[151,534,871,897]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B48FFC8FF6E9116B8B6CE95" box="[151,460,871,897]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longichaeta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FF6E9116B8B6CE95" bold="true" box="[151,460,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Rhyacodrilus longichaeta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4A100624B48FFC8FE2D9116BB6CCE95" box="[468,534,871,897]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B48FFC8FF6E91FBB85DCEB6" blockId="27.[151,534,871,930]" box="[151,295,906,930]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
(
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B48FFC8FF6691FBB864CEB6" box="[159,286,906,930]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 14" captionStart-1="FIGURE 15" captionStart-2="FIGURE 16" captionStartId-0="28.[151,250,1645,1668]" captionStartId-1="30.[151,250,1801,1824]" captionStartId-2="31.[151,250,1833,1856]" captionTargetBox-0="[165,1430,209,1612]" captionTargetBox-1="[163,1423,207,1765]" captionTargetBox-2="[178,1419,206,1790]" captionTargetId-0="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1624]" captionTargetId-1="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetId-2="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId-0="28" captionTargetPageId-1="30" captionTargetPageId-2="31" captionText-0="FIGURE 14. Rhyacodrilus longichaeta sp. n. Guadalupe Creek population. A. Lateral view showing the clitellar region and the position of genital pores. B. Ventral chaetae of segments IX and X (spermathecal segment), showing differences in size and shape (one of the spermathecal chaetae is partially-developed). C. Schematic view of genitalia. D-E. Details of the musculature strands associated with the atrial duct and penial chaetae, lateral view (D) and view from midline of body (E). F. Histological section of the atrium." captionText-1="FIGURE 15. Rhyacodrilus longichaeta sp. n. A – N. Guadalupe Creek population. A. Coelomocytes. B. Clitellum. C. Nephridium composed from several photographs. D. Penial chaetae. E – H. Dorsal chaetae in segments VI (E), hispid hair chaeta (F), pectinate in XV (G) and posterior segment (H). I. Posterior ventral chaetae. J – M. Anterior ventral chaetae of segments II (J), IV, (K) VI (L), IX (M) from the same individual. N. Ventral chaeta of segment X (spermathecal segment). O – T. Cooper River population, immature specimens. O – P. Dorsal chaetae, pectinates in anterior segments (O), hair chaeta showing lateral hairs (P). R – T. Ventral chaetae in segment II (R), IX (S), and posterior (T)." captionText-2="FIGURE 16. Rhyacodrilus (= Edmonsonia) montana (Brinkhurst, 1965). A – C. Chaetae in holotype, dorsal chaetae in segment VIII (A), ventral chaetae in segment VIII (B) and posterior segments (C). D – G. Dorsal chaetae in paratype, in segment II (D), IV (E), postclitellar (F), and very posterior (G). H – J. Ventral chaetae in paratype, in segment II (H), VIII (I), posterior (J). K. Coelomocytes in paratype." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/283801/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/283802/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/283803/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs 14–16</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5FC32804B48FFC8FF6E91A2BC35CB66" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B48FFC8FF6E91A2BB77C91A" blockId="27.[151,1436,978,1974]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FF6E91A2B87ECEFF" bold="true" box="[151,260,979,1003]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B48FFC8FF6E91A2B87ECEFF" box="[151,260,979,1003]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. USNM 1202070, mature worm with sperm in the spermathecae, stained in hematoxylin, dissected and slide-mounted in 
<collectingCountry id="E5F1219B4B48FFC8FEA29187B8D5C91A" box="[347,431,1014,1038]" name="Canada" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Canada</collectingCountry>
balsam.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B48FFC8FF30966ABA20C96E" blockId="27.[151,1436,978,1974]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FF30966AB83BC927" bold="true" box="[201,321,1051,1075]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B48FFC8FF30966AB83BC927" box="[201,321,1051,1075]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. USNM 1202071-74, 4 mature worms (2 with sperm in the spermathecae): 2 sagittally sectioned, 2 dissected and slide-mounted (
<date id="E95847CB4B48FFC8FE0B964FBBEFC942" box="[498,661,1086,1110]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2011-06-23">23 June 2011</date>
); MNCN 16.03/3082: 1 whole mounted, unmated worm (
<date id="E95847CB4B48FFC8FAB9964FB9A8C96E" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1998-05-15">15 May 1998</date>
), 1 dissected worm (
<date id="E95847CB4B48FFC8FE439613BB35C96E" box="[442,591,1122,1146]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2008-04-06">6 April 2008</date>
). All from 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B48FFC8FD309612BB83C96F" box="[713,761,1123,1147]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B48FFC8FF3096F6B8C4C9D6" blockId="27.[151,1436,978,1974]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FF3096F6B81CC98B" bold="true" box="[201,358,1158,1183]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B48FFC8FF3096F6B878C98B" box="[201,258,1159,1183]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
. 
<collectingCountry id="E5F1219B4B48FFC8FE8596F7B88FC98A" box="[380,501,1158,1182]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
Creek, above 
<collectingCountry id="E5F1219B4B48FFC8FD5296F7BA5EC98A" box="[683,804,1158,1182]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
reservoir, 
<geoCoordinate id="F8D207CC4B48FFC8FC5396F7BD5EC98A" box="[938,1060,1158,1182]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="5" value="37.1822">N37.1822°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="F8D207CC4B48FFC8FBCA96F7BDBEC98A" box="[1075,1220,1158,1182]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="5" value="-121.8725">W121.8725°</geoCoordinate>
, Santa Clara Co., California (
<date id="E95847CB4B48FFC8FEE196DBB8CBC9D6" box="[280,433,1194,1218]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2011-06-23">23 June 2011</date>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B48FFC8FF3096BFBD53CB12" blockId="27.[151,1436,978,1974]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FF3096BFB8FAC9F3" bold="true" box="[201,384,1230,1255]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Other material</emphasis>
. 18 partially mature specimens from the 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B48FFC8FC9B96BEBAE8C9F3" box="[866,914,1231,1255]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
locality: 2 mature unmated individuals, with sperm on male funnels, one sectioned (
<date id="E95847CB4B48FFC8FDA29683BB8DC81E" box="[603,759,1266,1290]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2011-06-23">23 June 2011</date>
) and one dissected (
<date id="E95847CB4B48FFC8FC1F9683BDFCC81E" box="[998,1158,1266,1290]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2011-06-20">20 June 2011</date>
). Other individuals with well-developed reproductive organs, with visible sperm sacs but sperm not fully developed: 2 whole mounts (
<date id="E95847CB4B48FFC8FA869767B86AC846" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1998-05-15">15 May 1998</date>
); 5 dissected, (2 from 
<date id="E95847CB4B48FFC8FDE2974BBBAAC846" box="[539,720,1338,1362]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1999-03-19">19 March 1999</date>
, and 2 from 
<date id="E95847CB4B48FFC8FC93974BBD79C846" box="[874,1027,1338,1362]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2011-04-09">9 April 2011</date>
); 8 whole mounts (
<date id="E95847CB4B48FFC8FB1E974BBCEAC846" box="[1255,1424,1338,1362]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2006-04-25">25 April 2006</date>
). Additional unmounted worms from the 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B48FFC8FDA0972EBBF3C863" box="[601,649,1375,1399]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
locality, all partially mature with visible sperm sacs: 
<quantity id="5A1ECCEE4B48FFC8FB10972FBC6FC862" box="[1257,1301,1374,1398]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
alcohol (
<date id="E95847CB4B48FFC8FA86972FB852C88E" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1999-03-19">19 March 1999</date>
), 
<quantity id="5A1ECCEE4B48FFC8FEB897F3B8FAC88E" box="[321,384,1410,1434]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="in" value="14.0">14 in</quantity>
alcohol (
<date id="E95847CB4B48FFC8FE0A97F3BBDBC88E" box="[499,673,1410,1434]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2006-04-25">25 April 2006</date>
). Immature specimens tentatively attributed to 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B48FFC8FB2897F5BC03C88F" box="[1233,1401,1411,1435]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longichaeta">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FB2897F5BC03C88F" box="[1233,1401,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">R. longichaeta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 7 immature whole mounts from Cooper River, above Cooper Lake, 
<geoCoordinate id="F8D207CC4B48FFC8FC2E97D7BD2BC8AA" box="[983,1105,1446,1470]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="5" value="47.4357">N47.4357°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="F8D207CC4B48FFC8FB9A97D7BD89C8AA" box="[1123,1267,1446,1470]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="5" value="-121.1911">W121.1911°</geoCoordinate>
, Kittitas Co., Washington (
<date id="E95847CB4B48FFC8FED797BBB880C8F6" box="[302,506,1482,1506]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1990-11-01">1 November 1990</date>
); 3 immature whole mounts from the Merced River in Yosemite Valley, 
<geoCoordinate id="F8D207CC4B48FFC8FAD897BBBCE6C8F6" box="[1313,1436,1482,1506]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="5" value="37.7407">N37.7407°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="F8D207CC4B48FFC8FF6E979FB852CB12" box="[151,296,1518,1542]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="5" value="-119.5666">W119.5666°</geoCoordinate>
, Mariposa Co., California (
<date id="E95847CB4B48FFC8FDA3979FBA73CB12" box="[602,777,1518,1542]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1994-10-06">6 October 1994</date>
and 
<date id="E95847CB4B48FFC8FCC6979FBD67CB12" box="[831,1053,1518,1542]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1995-09-16">16 September 1995</date>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B48FFC8FF309462BC35CB66" blockId="27.[151,1436,978,1974]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FF309462B89DCB3F" bold="true" box="[201,487,1554,1579]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Futher material studied</emphasis>
(not included in the description). 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B48FFC8FC939462BADBCB3F" box="[874,929,1555,1579]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type</typeStatus>
series of 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B48FFC8FBE89462B9A9CB5A" authority="Brinkhurst, 1965" authorityName="Brinkhurst" authorityYear="1965" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Edmondsonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tubificida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FBE89462BC6FCB3F" box="[1041,1301,1555,1579]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Edmondsonia montana</emphasis>
Brinkhurst, 1965
</taxonomicName>
: 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B48FFC8FF1A9447B831CB5A" box="[227,331,1590,1614]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
USNM 32652 (1 slide), 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B48FFC8FD879446BB9ACB5B" box="[638,736,1591,1615]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
USNM 32653 (9 slides), all from Dog Lake, Yakima Co. Washington. An additional specimen attributed to this species, USNM 32980, from Sugar Island, Michigan.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5FC32804B48FFC8FF30940EBC25CB82" box="[201,1375,1662,1687]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B48FFC8FF30940EBC25CB82" blockId="27.[151,1436,978,1974]" box="[201,1375,1662,1687]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FF30940EB832CB83" bold="true" box="[201,328,1663,1687]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Etymology</emphasis>
. The specific name, 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B48FFC8FDC8940FBBCFCB82" box="[561,693,1662,1686]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longichaeta">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FDC8940FBBCFCB82" box="[561,693,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">longichaeta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, refers to the extraordinarily long hair chaetae in segment II.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5FC32804B48FFCEFF3094D3B85CC9B4" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B48FFC8FF3094D3BDDDCAA2" blockId="27.[151,1436,978,1974]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B48FFC8FF3094D3B82ECBAF" bold="true" box="[201,340,1698,1723]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Description</emphasis>
(from 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B48FFC8FE5394D2B8A0CBAF" box="[426,474,1699,1723]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
locality specimens). Number of segments 48–95. Prostomium rounded to conical, 180–360 µm long (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B48FFC8FE8494B7B8A9CBCA" box="[381,467,1734,1758]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[165,1430,209,1612]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1624]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhyacodrilus longichaeta sp. n. Guadalupe Creek population. A. Lateral view showing the clitellar region and the position of genital pores. B. Ventral chaetae of segments IX and X (spermathecal segment), showing differences in size and shape (one of the spermathecal chaetae is partially-developed). C. Schematic view of genitalia. D-E. Details of the musculature strands associated with the atrial duct and penial chaetae, lateral view (D) and view from midline of body (E). F. Histological section of the atrium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283801/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
A). Body diameter 
<quantity id="5A1ECCEE4B48FFC8FD4094B7BA1BCBCA" box="[697,865,1734,1758]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" metricValueMax="7.4" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.58" valueMax="0.74" valueMin="0.42">0.42–0.74 mm</quantity>
in VIII. Secondary annulation usually absent in anterior segments, or a weak anterior ring in about IX–XI; variable in posterior segments, with 0–3 narrow rings. Mid-dorsal pores in intersegments (3/4) 4/5 to 6/7 (7/8). One pair spermathecal pores in the most anterior part of segment X, in line with ventral chaetae; two crescent-shaped grooves demarcate a median raised area between the pores, interpreted as a copulatory anchorage bridge. One pair male pores in the line of ventral chaetae in segment XI, usually opening on small round papillae; modified penial chaetae located closer to the body midline (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B48FFC8FAD0950BBC01CA86" box="[1321,1403,1914,1938]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[165,1430,209,1612]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1624]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhyacodrilus longichaeta sp. n. Guadalupe Creek population. A. Lateral view showing the clitellar region and the position of genital pores. B. Ventral chaetae of segments IX and X (spermathecal segment), showing differences in size and shape (one of the spermathecal chaetae is partially-developed). C. Schematic view of genitalia. D-E. Details of the musculature strands associated with the atrial duct and penial chaetae, lateral view (D) and view from midline of body (E). F. Histological section of the atrium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283801/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
C). One pair female pores at intersegment 11/12, between lateral line and line of ventral chaetae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C99931834B4FFFCFFF6E941CB815CBEA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283801/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" targetBox="[165,1430,209,1612]" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B4FFFCFFF6E941CB815CBEA" blockId="28.[151,1437,1645,1790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4FFFCFFF6E941CB85BCB97" bold="true" box="[151,289,1645,1668]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4FFFCFFED1941FBB55CB90" box="[296,559,1646,1668]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longichaeta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4FFFCFFED1941FBB55CB90" box="[296,559,1646,1668]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Rhyacodrilus longichaeta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4FFFCFFDCF941FBB0BCB97" bold="true" box="[566,625,1646,1667]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4A100624B4FFFCFFDCF941FBB0BCB97" box="[566,625,1646,1667]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Guadalupe Creek population. 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4FFFCFFC54941FBAC5CB97" bold="true" box="[941,959,1646,1667]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">A</emphasis>
. Lateral view showing the clitellar region and the position of genital pores. 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4FFFCFFE4494FCB8B4CBB6" bold="true" box="[445,462,1677,1698]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">B</emphasis>
. Ventral chaetae of segments IX and X (spermathecal segment), showing differences in size and shape (one of the spermathecal chaetae is partially-developed). 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4FFFCFFCEE94DBBA53CBD5" bold="true" box="[791,809,1706,1729]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C</emphasis>
. Schematic view of genitalia. 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4FFFCFFBA294DABDFDCBD4" bold="true" box="[1115,1159,1707,1728]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">D-E</emphasis>
. Details of the musculature strands associated with the atrial duct and penial chaetae, lateral view (D) and view from midline of body (E). 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4FFFCFFAFC94BBBC68CBCB" bold="true" box="[1285,1298,1738,1759]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">F</emphasis>
. Histological section of the atrium.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B4FFFCEFF309554BDA9CF03" blockId="28.[151,1436,1829,2034]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1436,151,1976]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Faintly hispid hair chaetae 1–4 per bundle in anterior segments (170–540 µm long), in segment II 1.4 to 2 times (620–960 µm) longer than the longest hairs in other preclitellar segments (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B4FFFCFFBB29538BDDECA75" box="[1099,1188,1865,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[165,1430,209,1612]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1624]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhyacodrilus longichaeta sp. n. Guadalupe Creek population. A. Lateral view showing the clitellar region and the position of genital pores. B. Ventral chaetae of segments IX and X (spermathecal segment), showing differences in size and shape (one of the spermathecal chaetae is partially-developed). C. Schematic view of genitalia. D-E. Details of the musculature strands associated with the atrial duct and penial chaetae, lateral view (D) and view from midline of body (E). F. Histological section of the atrium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283801/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figs 14</figureCitation>
A, 15F); hair chaetae present in most postclitellar segments, 0–1 per bundle, length less than 200 µm. Lateral hairs of hispid chaetae difficult to see in specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="E5F1219B4B4FFFCFFDBC95E0BBC4CABD" box="[581,702,1937,1961]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
Creek (
<date id="E95847CB4B4FFFCFFCDE95E0BA14CABD" box="[807,878,1937,1961]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1000-10">1000x</date>
usually required), but clearly visible at 400x magnification in Cooper and Merced River populations (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B4FFFCFFCED95C4BA1CCAD9" box="[788,870,1973,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,207,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhyacodrilus longichaeta sp. n. A – N. Guadalupe Creek population. A. Coelomocytes. B. Clitellum. C. Nephridium composed from several photographs. D. Penial chaetae. E – H. Dorsal chaetae in segments VI (E), hispid hair chaeta (F), pectinate in XV (G) and posterior segment (H). I. Posterior ventral chaetae. J – M. Anterior ventral chaetae of segments II (J), IV, (K) VI (L), IX (M) from the same individual. N. Ventral chaeta of segment X (spermathecal segment). O – T. Cooper River population, immature specimens. O – P. Dorsal chaetae, pectinates in anterior segments (O), hair chaeta showing lateral hairs (P). R – T. Ventral chaetae in segment II (R), IX (S), and posterior (T)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283802/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
P). In anterior segments, 3–5 pectinate chaetae per bundle (96–144 µm long), with 4–7 intermediate teeth shorter than lateral teeth; 2–3 per bundle in posterior segments, commonly with very fine pectinations visible only at 
<date id="E95847CB4B4EFFCEFC7692E6BAAFCDBB" box="[911,981,151,175]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1000-10">1000x</date>
(
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B4EFFCEFC1092E6BD47CDBB" box="[1001,1085,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,207,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhyacodrilus longichaeta sp. n. A – N. Guadalupe Creek population. A. Coelomocytes. B. Clitellum. C. Nephridium composed from several photographs. D. Penial chaetae. E – H. Dorsal chaetae in segments VI (E), hispid hair chaeta (F), pectinate in XV (G) and posterior segment (H). I. Posterior ventral chaetae. J – M. Anterior ventral chaetae of segments II (J), IV, (K) VI (L), IX (M) from the same individual. N. Ventral chaeta of segment X (spermathecal segment). O – T. Cooper River population, immature specimens. O – P. Dorsal chaetae, pectinates in anterior segments (O), hair chaeta showing lateral hairs (P). R – T. Ventral chaetae in segment II (R), IX (S), and posterior (T)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283802/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
E–H). Upper teeth of anterior pectinates are slightly longer and thinner than, or equal to lower, although this varies even within the same bundle (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B4EFFCEFF6692AEB988CDE3" box="[159,242,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,207,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhyacodrilus longichaeta sp. n. A – N. Guadalupe Creek population. A. Coelomocytes. B. Clitellum. C. Nephridium composed from several photographs. D. Penial chaetae. E – H. Dorsal chaetae in segments VI (E), hispid hair chaeta (F), pectinate in XV (G) and posterior segment (H). I. Posterior ventral chaetae. J – M. Anterior ventral chaetae of segments II (J), IV, (K) VI (L), IX (M) from the same individual. N. Ventral chaeta of segment X (spermathecal segment). O – T. Cooper River population, immature specimens. O – P. Dorsal chaetae, pectinates in anterior segments (O), hair chaeta showing lateral hairs (P). R – T. Ventral chaetae in segment II (R), IX (S), and posterior (T)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283802/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
E); differences in size between lateral teeth are not as marked as in other populations (e.g. Cooper and Merced Rivers), or as in the 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B4EFFCEFE1F9374BB6CCC09" box="[486,534,261,285]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
series of 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4EFFCEFD739374BA77CC08" box="[650,781,261,284]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Edmondsonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tubificida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFD739374BBE1CC08" box="[650,667,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">R</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFD529374BA77CC08" box="[683,781,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B4EFFCEFCE69375BA08CC08" box="[799,882,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,207,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhyacodrilus longichaeta sp. n. A – N. Guadalupe Creek population. A. Coelomocytes. B. Clitellum. C. Nephridium composed from several photographs. D. Penial chaetae. E – H. Dorsal chaetae in segments VI (E), hispid hair chaeta (F), pectinate in XV (G) and posterior segment (H). I. Posterior ventral chaetae. J – M. Anterior ventral chaetae of segments II (J), IV, (K) VI (L), IX (M) from the same individual. N. Ventral chaeta of segment X (spermathecal segment). O – T. Cooper River population, immature specimens. O – P. Dorsal chaetae, pectinates in anterior segments (O), hair chaeta showing lateral hairs (P). R – T. Ventral chaetae in segment II (R), IX (S), and posterior (T)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283802/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
O, 16A, D, E). Ventral chaetae bifid; in anterior bundles 4–6(8) (96–149 µm long), with distal tooth thick and 1.5–2.5 times longer than proximal (longest in the most lateral chaetae within each bundle); 3–5 ventral chaetae in posterior segments (110–115 µm long) with distal tooth as long as but thinner than proximal (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B4EFFCEFD84931EBBB6CC93" box="[637,716,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,207,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhyacodrilus longichaeta sp. n. A – N. Guadalupe Creek population. A. Coelomocytes. B. Clitellum. C. Nephridium composed from several photographs. D. Penial chaetae. E – H. Dorsal chaetae in segments VI (E), hispid hair chaeta (F), pectinate in XV (G) and posterior segment (H). I. Posterior ventral chaetae. J – M. Anterior ventral chaetae of segments II (J), IV, (K) VI (L), IX (M) from the same individual. N. Ventral chaeta of segment X (spermathecal segment). O – T. Cooper River population, immature specimens. O – P. Dorsal chaetae, pectinates in anterior segments (O), hair chaeta showing lateral hairs (P). R – T. Ventral chaetae in segment II (R), IX (S), and posterior (T)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283802/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Fig. 
<date id="E95847CB4B4EFFCEFD48931EBBB6CC93" box="[689,716,367,391]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1915-01">15</date>
</figureCitation>
I–M). In mature worms with sperm on the male funnels, ventral chaetae in segment X reduced in number (2–3 per bundle) and slightly larger (150–185 µm long), 1.2–1.8 times longer than chaetae in IX; the shape is also slightly modified, with distal tooth up to 3 times longer than lower (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B4EFFCEFA9693C6B9CECCE0" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[165,1430,209,1612]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1624]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhyacodrilus longichaeta sp. n. Guadalupe Creek population. A. Lateral view showing the clitellar region and the position of genital pores. B. Ventral chaetae of segments IX and X (spermathecal segment), showing differences in size and shape (one of the spermathecal chaetae is partially-developed). C. Schematic view of genitalia. D-E. Details of the musculature strands associated with the atrial duct and penial chaetae, lateral view (D) and view from midline of body (E). F. Histological section of the atrium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283801/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
B, 15N). At the male pore, (2)3(4) penial chaetae arranged more or less fanwise, simple-pointed or bifid (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B4EFFCEFA9693ADB9C9CF03" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,207,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhyacodrilus longichaeta sp. n. A – N. Guadalupe Creek population. A. Coelomocytes. B. Clitellum. C. Nephridium composed from several photographs. D. Penial chaetae. E – H. Dorsal chaetae in segments VI (E), hispid hair chaeta (F), pectinate in XV (G) and posterior segment (H). I. Posterior ventral chaetae. J – M. Anterior ventral chaetae of segments II (J), IV, (K) VI (L), IX (M) from the same individual. N. Ventral chaeta of segment X (spermathecal segment). O – T. Cooper River population, immature specimens. O – P. Dorsal chaetae, pectinates in anterior segments (O), hair chaeta showing lateral hairs (P). R – T. Ventral chaetae in segment II (R), IX (S), and posterior (T)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283802/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
D), 150–176 µm long, and associated with 2 strong dorso-ventral muscular strands (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B4EFFCEFB98938EBDC8CF03" box="[1121,1202,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[165,1430,209,1612]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1624]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhyacodrilus longichaeta sp. n. Guadalupe Creek population. A. Lateral view showing the clitellar region and the position of genital pores. B. Ventral chaetae of segments IX and X (spermathecal segment), showing differences in size and shape (one of the spermathecal chaetae is partially-developed). C. Schematic view of genitalia. D-E. Details of the musculature strands associated with the atrial duct and penial chaetae, lateral view (D) and view from midline of body (E). F. Histological section of the atrium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283801/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B4EFFCEFF309055BA9CCFD8" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,1976]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Pharynx with a well-developed dorsal muscular pad. Chloragogen cells start in segment VI and form a layer up to 27 µm high. Large coelomocytes (diameter 21–39 µm), nucleated and granulated (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B4EFFCEFBA49036BDD5CF4B" box="[1117,1199,583,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1801,1824]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,207,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1780]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 15. Rhyacodrilus longichaeta sp. n. A – N. Guadalupe Creek population. A. Coelomocytes. B. Clitellum. C. Nephridium composed from several photographs. D. Penial chaetae. E – H. Dorsal chaetae in segments VI (E), hispid hair chaeta (F), pectinate in XV (G) and posterior segment (H). I. Posterior ventral chaetae. J – M. Anterior ventral chaetae of segments II (J), IV, (K) VI (L), IX (M) from the same individual. N. Ventral chaeta of segment X (spermathecal segment). O – T. Cooper River population, immature specimens. O – P. Dorsal chaetae, pectinates in anterior segments (O), hair chaeta showing lateral hairs (P). R – T. Ventral chaetae in segment II (R), IX (S), and posterior (T)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283802/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
A). Epidermis 11–18 µm high, circular muscle layer 5–8 µm thick and longitudinal muscles 10–30 µm thick. Clitellum 45–54 µm high dorsally, usually from about 1/ 
<date id="E95847CB4B4EFFCEFE1490FEBB62CFB3" box="[493,536,655,679]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">2 X</date>
–XIII, may extend anteriad as far as the line of chaetae in IX. Pharyngeal glands from IV to VI, VII or VIII, in one individual back to the anterior part of IX.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B4EFFCEFF3090A6BD3CCEDC" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,1976]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Sperm funnel on septum 10/11. Vas deferens ciliated (ca. 390–750 µm long, 30–50 µm wide), narrowing (18– 30 µm) before subapical junction with atrium. Atrium club-shaped, total length 250–350 µm. Atrial ampulla elongate (length 110–168 µm, maximum diameter 54–74 µm), covered by a diffuse layer of prostate cells (up to 28 µm high), with thin musculature (ca. 3 µm thick). Atrial duct (96–192 µm long, 30–53 µm wide) not separated from ampulla by any constriction, although clearly distinguished by the absence of prostate cells, high columnar epithelium and prominent muscle strands that externally attach it to the ventral region around the male pores (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B4EFFCEFA9691FDB9CECED3" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[165,1430,209,1612]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1624]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhyacodrilus longichaeta sp. n. Guadalupe Creek population. A. Lateral view showing the clitellar region and the position of genital pores. B. Ventral chaetae of segments IX and X (spermathecal segment), showing differences in size and shape (one of the spermathecal chaetae is partially-developed). C. Schematic view of genitalia. D-E. Details of the musculature strands associated with the atrial duct and penial chaetae, lateral view (D) and view from midline of body (E). F. Histological section of the atrium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283801/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
C, D, F). Sperm sac back to segments XVI–XXVII, egg sac back to XVI–XXVII.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B4EFFCEFF3091A5B824C920" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,1976]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Spermatheca with a short duct (55–108 µm long, 62–73 µm wide) that opens at the beginning of segment X, in the line of ventral chaetae. Spermathecal ampulla 168–305 µm long, of irregular sac-like shape, with unordered sperm (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B4EFFCEFF13966DB847C920" box="[234,317,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1645,1668]" captionTargetBox="[165,1430,209,1612]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,193,1624]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 14. Rhyacodrilus longichaeta sp. n. Guadalupe Creek population. A. Lateral view showing the clitellar region and the position of genital pores. B. Ventral chaetae of segments IX and X (spermathecal segment), showing differences in size and shape (one of the spermathecal chaetae is partially-developed). C. Schematic view of genitalia. D-E. Details of the musculature strands associated with the atrial duct and penial chaetae, lateral view (D) and view from midline of body (E). F. Histological section of the atrium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283801/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B4EFFCEFF30964EB85CC9B4" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,1976]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFF30964EB83DC94C" bold="true" box="[201,327,1087,1112]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Anomalies</emphasis>
. One individual from 
<collectingCountry id="E5F1219B4B4EFFCEFDC6964EBBC2C943" box="[575,696,1087,1111]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
Creek had the genitalia shifted 3 segments forward (male pores in VIII) suggesting regeneration after fragmentation; one other specimen appeared to have a regenerating prostomium.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5FC32804B4EFFCEFF3096DABB6DC840" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B4EFFCEFF3096DABB6DC840" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,1976]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFF3096DAB887C9D0" bold="true" box="[201,509,1195,1220]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
. Within 
<collectingCountry id="E5F1219B4B4EFFCEFD8996DDBB93C9D0" box="[624,745,1196,1220]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
Creek, 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4EFFCEFCAA96DCBD7AC9D0" box="[851,1024,1196,1220]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longichaeta">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFCAA96DCBD7AC9D0" box="[851,1024,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">R. longichaeta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found only in gravel-cobble sediments in riffle habitats above the confluence with Rincon Creek. 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4EFFCEFC6096A1BDDFC9FC" box="[921,1189,1232,1256]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alcyoneus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFC6096A1BDDFC9FC" box="[921,1189,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Rhyacodrilus alcyoneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFB5296A1BD90C9FC" bold="true" box="[1195,1258,1232,1256]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4A100624B4EFFCEFB5296A1BD90C9FC" box="[1195,1258,1232,1256]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
was found only in riffles below this confluence, and neither has been found in downstream 
<collectingCountry id="E5F1219B4B4EFFCEFC279685BD2DC818" box="[990,1111,1268,1292]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
Creek sites, below the major reservoir. A benthic macroinvertebrate survey of Santa Clara Valley streams (Carter &amp; Fend 2000) did not produce any other records of these species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5FC32804B4EFFF3FF309711B85DCB38" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B4EFFCEFF309711BAC6CA58" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,1976]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFF309711B84CC86C" bold="true" box="[201,310,1376,1400]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Remarks</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4EFFCEFEBC9711BB1DC86C" box="[325,615,1376,1400]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longichaeta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFEBC9711BB1DC86C" box="[325,615,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Rhyacodrilus longichaeta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFD969711BBCAC86C" bold="true" box="[623,688,1376,1400]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4A100624B4EFFCEFD969711BBCAC86C" box="[623,688,1376,1400]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
belongs to the group of 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4EFFCEFC339711BD25C86C" box="[970,1119,1376,1400]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFC339711BD25C86C" box="[970,1119,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Rhyacodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with both hairs and pectinates, and also with several penial chaetae arranged fanwise and modified spermathecal chaetae. Within this group, 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4EFFCEFF1F97D8BB50C8D4" authority="Sokolskaya, 1976" authorityName="Sokolskaya" authorityYear="1976" box="[230,554,1448,1472]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="svetlovi">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFF1F97D8B826C8D4" box="[230,348,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">R. svetlovi</emphasis>
Sokolskaya, 1976
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4EFFCEFD9897D8BB8BC8D4" box="[609,753,1448,1472]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alcyoneus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFD9897D8BB8BC8D4" box="[609,753,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">R. alcyoneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFD0197D9BA42C8D4" bold="true" box="[760,824,1448,1472]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4A100624B4EFFCEFD0197D9BA42C8D4" box="[760,824,1448,1472]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
have a similar elongate, tubular atrium, with the atrial ampulla not separated from the duct by a constriction. The vas deferens of 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4EFFCEFC2F97BCBD30C8F0" box="[982,1098,1484,1508]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="svetlovi">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFC2F97BCBD30C8F0" box="[982,1098,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">R. svetlovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is shorter than the atrium, and joins it apically. Differences from 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4EFFCEFDED9780BBD9CB1C" box="[532,675,1520,1544]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alcyoneus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFDED9780BBD9CB1C" box="[532,675,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">R. alcyoneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(described in the present paper) include the smaller size, the chaetal characteristics, the absence of ventral chaetal tubercula in IX and X, and the presence of hair chaetae in dorsal bundles of postclitellar segments. Both species have similar male ducts, with elongate-tubular atria and a weakly differentiated atrial duct; differences are not very pronounced, with the atrial duct less histologically differentiated in 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4EFFCEFF4F94F0B832CB8C" box="[182,328,1664,1688]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alcyoneus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFF4F94F0B832CB8C" box="[182,328,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">R. alcyoneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the simple male pore on a round papilla in 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4EFFCEFC7D94F0BD51CB8C" box="[900,1067,1664,1688]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longichaeta">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFC7D94F0BD51CB8C" box="[900,1067,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">R. longichaeta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but opening within a fold in 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4EFFCEFA7D94F0B87DCBA8" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alcyoneus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFA7D94F0B87DCBA8" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">R. alcyoneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Other 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4EFFCEFEA494D5B888CBA8" box="[349,498,1700,1724]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFEA494D5B888CBA8" box="[349,498,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Rhyacodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with modified penial chaetae (but without spermathecal chaetae) and clubshaped to tubular atria are 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4EFFCEFE4494B8BB3CCBF4" box="[445,582,1736,1760]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vasalatus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFE4494B8BB3CCBF4" box="[445,582,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">R. vasalatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4EFFCEFD8294B8BA79CBF4" box="[635,771,1736,1760]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="korjakovi">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFD8294B8BA79CBF4" box="[635,771,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">R. korjakovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, described by Semernoy (2004) from Lake Baikal. Of these two species, the male duct in 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4EFFCEFE18949CBBFECA10" box="[481,644,1772,1796]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longichaeta">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFE18949CBBFECA10" box="[481,644,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">R. longichaeta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles that of 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4EFFCEFCA8949CBAA0CA10" box="[849,986,1772,1796]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vasalatus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFCA8949CBAA0CA10" box="[849,986,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">R. vasalatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a vas deferens which narrows considerably before the atrial junction, and also in the high columnar epithelium of the atrial duct. However, 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4EFFCEFA7D9560B87BCA58" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vasalatus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFA7D9560B87BCA58" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">R. vasalatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only bifid chaetae, as does 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4EFFCEFD9A9544BB96CA58" box="[611,748,1844,1868]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="korjakovi">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFD9A9544BB96CA58" box="[611,748,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">R. korjakovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
when it is mature.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B4EFFCEFF309529BD71CAAC" blockId="29.[151,1436,151,1976]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
The lateral position of the female pores is uncommon in oligochaetes, where they typically have a more ventral position, in line with the ventral chaetae. Interestingly, this character is shared with other western American 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4EFFCEFF6E95D1B856CAAC" box="[151,300,1952,1976]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFF6E95D1B856CAAC" box="[151,300,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Rhyacodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species described here, i.e. 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4EFFCEFD9D95D0BB9DCAAC" box="[612,743,1952,1976]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="saelonae">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFD9D95D0BB9DCAAC" box="[612,743,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">R. saelonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4EFFCEFD0C95D0BA44CAAC" box="[757,830,1952,1976]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="clio">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFD0C95D0BA44CAAC" box="[757,830,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">R. clio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4EFFCEFC8C95D0BD7ECAAC" box="[885,1028,1952,1976]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alcyoneus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4EFFCEFC8C95D0BD7ECAAC" box="[885,1028,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">R. alcyoneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C99931834B4DFFCDFF6E9578BAAFCAAE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283802/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" targetBox="[163,1423,207,1765]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B4DFFCDFF6E9578BAAFCAAE" blockId="30.[151,1436,1801,1978]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4DFFCDFF6E9578B85CCA0B" bold="true" box="[151,294,1801,1824]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4DFFCDFECA957BBB45CA34" box="[307,575,1802,1824]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longichaeta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4DFFCDFECA957BBB45CA34" box="[307,575,1802,1824]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Rhyacodrilus longichaeta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4DFFCDFDB5957BBBABCA0B" bold="true" box="[588,721,1802,1823]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B4A100624B4DFFCDFDB5957BBBF6CA0B" box="[588,652,1802,1823]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A–N.
</emphasis>
Guadalupe Creek population. 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4DFFCDFBDB957BBD4ECA0B" bold="true" box="[1058,1076,1802,1823]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">A</emphasis>
. Coelomocytes. 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4DFFCDFB15957BBD87CA0B" bold="true" box="[1260,1277,1802,1823]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B</emphasis>
. Clitellum. 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4DFFCDFA7A9578BCEFCA34" bold="true" box="[1411,1429,1801,1824]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">C</emphasis>
. Nephridium composed from several photographs. 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4DFFCDFD5C9558BBCDCA2A" bold="true" box="[677,695,1833,1854]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">D</emphasis>
. Penial chaetae. 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4DFFCDFC949558BAE4CA2A" bold="true" box="[877,926,1833,1854]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">E–H</emphasis>
. Dorsal chaetae in segments VI (E), hispid hair chaeta (F), pectinate in XV (G) and posterior segment (H). 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4DFFCDFCED9536BA64CA48" bold="true" box="[788,798,1863,1884]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">I</emphasis>
. Posterior ventral chaetae. 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4DFFCDFBC69536BD0BCA48" bold="true" box="[1087,1137,1863,1884]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">J–M</emphasis>
. Anterior ventral chaetae of segments II (J), IV, (K) VI (L), IX (M) from the same individual. 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4DFFCDFCD19517BA40CA6F" bold="true" box="[808,826,1894,1915]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">N</emphasis>
. Ventral chaeta of segment X (spermathecal segment). 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4DFFCDFA9F9514BCE6CA68" bold="true" box="[1382,1436,1893,1916]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">O–T.</emphasis>
Cooper River population, immature specimens. 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4DFFCDFD7995F5BBD7CA8F" bold="true" box="[640,685,1924,1947]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">O–P</emphasis>
. Dorsal chaetae, pectinates in anterior segments (O), hair chaeta showing lateral hairs (P). 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4DFFCDFEC695D2B814CAAC" bold="true" box="[319,366,1955,1976]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">R–T</emphasis>
. Ventral chaetae in segment II (R), IX (S), and posterior (T).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C99931834B4CFFCCFF6E9558B8DCCA8F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283803/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" targetBox="[178,1419,206,1790]" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B4CFFCCFF6E9558B8DCCA8F" blockId="31.[151,1436,1833,1947]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4CFFCCFF6E9558B865CA2A" bold="true" box="[151,287,1833,1856]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4CFFCCFEDC9558B8D6CA2B" box="[293,428,1833,1855]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4CFFCCFEDC9558B8D6CA2B" box="[293,428,1833,1855]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Rhyacodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4CFFCCFE429558BB31CA2B" box="[443,587,1833,1855]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">=Edmonsonia</emphasis>
) 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B4CFFCCFDA3955BBA03CA2B" authority="Brinkhurst, 1965" authorityName="Brinkhurst" authorityYear="1965" box="[602,889,1833,1855]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Edmondsonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tubificida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4CFFCCFDA3955BBBC8CA2B" box="[602,690,1834,1855]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">montana</emphasis>
(Brinkhurst, 1965)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4CFFCCFC7B9558BAC9CA54" bold="true" box="[898,947,1833,1856]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">A–C</emphasis>
. Chaetae in holotype, dorsal chaetae in segment VIII (A), ventral chaetae in segment VIII (B) and posterior segments (C). 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4CFFCCFC759536BAC1CA4A" bold="true" box="[908,955,1863,1886]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">D–G</emphasis>
. Dorsal chaetae in paratype, in segment II (D), IV (E), postclitellar (F), and very posterior (G). 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4CFFCCFD7A9516BBCACA68" bold="true" box="[643,688,1895,1916]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">H–J</emphasis>
. Ventral chaetae in paratype, in segment II (H), VIII (I), posterior (J). 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B4CFFCCFA7B9516BCECCA68" bold="true" box="[1410,1430,1895,1916]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">K</emphasis>
. Coelomocytes in paratype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B73FFF3FF3092E9BD53CF03" blockId="32.[151,1436,151,1437]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B73FFF3FF3092E9B824CDA4" box="[201,350,152,176]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FF3092E9B824CDA4" box="[201,350,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Rhyacodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with long hairs in II have generally been attributed to 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B73FFF3FBB992E9BDAFCDA4" box="[1088,1237,152,176]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FBB992E9BDAFCDA4" box="[1088,1237,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Rhyacodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B73FFF3FB0092E9BCE9CDA4" box="[1273,1427,152,176]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Edmondsonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tubificida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FB0092E9BCE9CDA4" box="[1273,1427,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Edmondsonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B73FFF3FF6E92CCB898CDC0" authority="Brinkhurst, 1965" authorityName="Brinkhurst" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,482,188,212]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Edmondsonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tubificida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FF6E92CCB983CDC0" box="[151,249,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">montana</emphasis>
(Brinkhurst, 1965)
</taxonomicName>
, although elongate hairs in II were not mentioned in the original description. Furthermore, although diagnostic characters in 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B73FFF3FD3C9291BA20CDEC" box="[709,858,224,248]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FD3C9291BA20CDEC" box="[709,858,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Rhyacodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are largely based on details of the reproductive system, the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B73FFF3FDDF9374BBD3CC08" box="[550,681,261,284]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Edmondsonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tubificida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FDDF9374BBD3CC08" box="[550,681,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">R. montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was based on immature worms, and only included characteristics such as the number and shape of chaetae and the abundance of coelomocytes (see 
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B73FFF3FBB79356BDD9CC2B" box="[1102,1187,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1833,1856]" captionTargetBox="[178,1419,206,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 16. Rhyacodrilus (= Edmonsonia) montana (Brinkhurst, 1965). A – C. Chaetae in holotype, dorsal chaetae in segment VIII (A), ventral chaetae in segment VIII (B) and posterior segments (C). D – G. Dorsal chaetae in paratype, in segment II (D), IV (E), postclitellar (F), and very posterior (G). H – J. Ventral chaetae in paratype, in segment II (H), VIII (I), posterior (J). K. Coelomocytes in paratype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283803/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). The 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B73FFF3FB179359BC64CC54" box="[1262,1310,296,320]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
series was collected at three sites in western North 
<collectingCountry id="E5F1219B4B73FFF3FDAC933DBBC0CC70" box="[597,698,332,356]" name="United States of America" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">America</collectingCountry>
: two from the northern Cascades Range in Washington (Dog Lake and Lake Tipsoo) and a distant California site (a pool at the edge of the Kings River); the 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B73FFF3FB48931EBC69CC93" box="[1201,1299,367,391]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and a large series of 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B73FFF3FEFB93E4B817CCB9" box="[258,365,405,429]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
were from Dog Lake. The species was transferred from the invalidated genus 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B73FFF3FAFB93E5B82FCCDB" authority="Brinkhurst, 1965" authorityName="Brinkhurst" authorityYear="1965" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Edmondsonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tubificida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FAFB93E5BCE6CCB8" box="[1282,1436,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Edmondsonia</emphasis>
Brinkhurst, 1965
</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B73FFF3FE8093C9BB75CCC4" box="[377,527,440,464]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FE8093C9BB75CCC4" box="[377,527,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Rhyacodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Brinkhurst and Cook (1966), based on the study of several populations of the Great Lakes region (eastern North 
<collectingCountry id="E5F1219B4B73FFF3FDB693ADBBCECCE0" box="[591,692,476,500]" name="United States of America" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">America</collectingCountry>
), but in that publication there is no comparison of chaetal characteristics with the 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B73FFF3FE599071B8AACF0C" box="[416,464,512,536]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
series and only limited information on the male duct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B73FFF3FF309055BA83CE6B" blockId="32.[151,1436,151,1437]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Our examination of the 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B73FFF3FE2E9054BB23CF28" box="[471,601,549,572]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Edmondsonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tubificida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FE2E9054BB23CF28" box="[471,601,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">R. montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B73FFF3FD989055BBB9CF28" box="[609,707,548,572]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(USNM 32652) and all 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B73FFF3FC2E9054BD39CF29" box="[983,1091,549,573]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(USNM 32653) from the 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B73FFF3FA959054BCE6CF29" box="[1388,1436,549,573]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
locality has confirmed that the worms are immature. Hairs are not elongate in segment II of the 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B73FFF3FB2B9036BC4ECF4B" box="[1234,1332,583,607]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(485 µm in II and 345–530 µm in the following preclitellar segments) and of most 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B73FFF3FC08901CBD1ACF91" box="[1009,1120,621,645]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
. However, they are slightly longer in 3 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B73FFF3FEDA90E1B8F4CFBC" box="[291,398,656,680]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(600–725 µm in II, and 500–650 µm in the following preclitellar segments, ratio of 1.1 between the longest in II and the longest in following segments); additionally, hairs are smooth, although they are originally described as &quot;feathered hairs&quot; (Brinkhurst 1965: 155). The anterior pectinates in 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B73FFF3FB5690A8BC48CFE4" box="[1199,1330,729,752]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Edmondsonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tubificida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FB5690A8BC48CFE4" box="[1199,1330,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">R. montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have the distal tooth longer than the proximal (2 times longer in segments II–VIII of the 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B73FFF3FBE1908DBD07CE00" box="[1048,1149,764,788]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, about equal posteriorly), and ventral chaetae are pectinate (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B73FFF3FDCA916EBBF6CE23" box="[563,652,799,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1833,1856]" captionTargetBox="[178,1419,206,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 16. Rhyacodrilus (= Edmonsonia) montana (Brinkhurst, 1965). A – C. Chaetae in holotype, dorsal chaetae in segment VIII (A), ventral chaetae in segment VIII (B) and posterior segments (C). D – G. Dorsal chaetae in paratype, in segment II (D), IV (E), postclitellar (F), and very posterior (G). H – J. Ventral chaetae in paratype, in segment II (H), VIII (I), posterior (J). K. Coelomocytes in paratype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283803/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
B). The poor state of conservation of the tissues does not permit observations on internal anatomy, and even the chaetae are sometimes difficult to see. Accordingly, we propose that 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B73FFF3FF319118B833CE94" box="[200,329,873,896]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Edmondsonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tubificida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FF319118B833CE94" box="[200,329,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">R. montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
be considered 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FE0B9118BBB9CE94" box="[498,707,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">species inquirenda</emphasis>
due to its doubtful identity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B73FFF3FF3091FDBAB7C968" blockId="32.[151,1436,151,1437]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
The long hairs in segment II are an obvious feature for species identification, since they can be clearly seen under the stereoscopic microscope. These chaetae, and the fanwise arrangement of the penial chaetae, were first reported for worms attributed to 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B73FFF3FDF391A4BBF6CEF8" box="[522,652,981,1004]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Edmondsonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tubificida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FDF391A4BBF6CEF8" box="[522,652,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">R. montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Great Lakes region by Brinkhurst and Cook (1966: 23) and used as diagnostic characters in subsequent literature (e.g. Brinkhurst &amp; Jamieson 1971, Brinkhurst 1986, Kathman &amp; Brinkhurst 1998). In a collection from this region (USNM 32980), reproductive organs are not visible (although one specimen has penial chaetae), and worms have very long hair chaetae in II (up to 1200 µm long, 1.8–2 times longer than the following ones), in contrast to the 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B73FFF3FD3E9614BA32C968" box="[711,840,1125,1148]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Edmondsonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tubificida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FD3E9614BA32C968" box="[711,840,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">R. montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B73FFF3FCB69614BA05C969" box="[847,895,1125,1149]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
series.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B73FFF3FF3096F9BD9BC888" blockId="32.[151,1436,151,1437]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Anterior pectinates of 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B73FFF3FE3F96F8BB10C9B4" box="[454,618,1160,1184]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longichaeta">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FE3F96F8BB10C9B4" box="[454,618,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">R. longichaeta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have only slightly longer distal teeth, in contrast to the distinctly longer and thicker distal tooth in the 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B73FFF3FE1096DCBB63C9D1" box="[489,537,1197,1221]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
material of 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B73FFF3FD5A96DCBA5EC9D0" box="[675,804,1197,1220]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Edmondsonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tubificida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FD5A96DCBA5EC9D0" box="[675,804,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">R. montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B73FFF3FCCD96DDBAFFC9D0" box="[820,901,1196,1220]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1833,1856]" captionTargetBox="[178,1419,206,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1812]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 16. Rhyacodrilus (= Edmonsonia) montana (Brinkhurst, 1965). A – C. Chaetae in holotype, dorsal chaetae in segment VIII (A), ventral chaetae in segment VIII (B) and posterior segments (C). D – G. Dorsal chaetae in paratype, in segment II (D), IV (E), postclitellar (F), and very posterior (G). H – J. Ventral chaetae in paratype, in segment II (H), VIII (I), posterior (J). K. Coelomocytes in paratype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283803/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
A, D–E). Nevertheless, this character is usually difficult to interpret due to orientation of the pectinate chaetae, which are variably rotated. Immature rhyacodrilines with long hairs in segment II studied in other western localities (see other material above) are now provisionally ascribed to 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B73FFF3FEEE9768B8C0C824" box="[279,442,1304,1328]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longichaeta">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FEEE9768B8C0C824" box="[279,442,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">R. longichaeta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Anterior pectinates in these populations are variable; in some specimens the distal tooth is clearly longer than the lower, but not in others. Hispid hair chaetae are seen in some populations at 400x, but in individuals from 
<collectingCountry id="E5F1219B4B73FFF3FEA39711B8A9C86C" box="[346,467,1376,1400]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
Creek 
<date id="E95847CB4B73FFF3FDDE9711BB17C86C" box="[551,621,1376,1400]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="1000-10">1000x</date>
magnification is required, even with Nomarski microscopy. Hispid hair chaetae are rare in the genus, although they have been also described in 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B73FFF3FC4797F4BDA6C888" authority="Ohtaka, 1995" authorityName="Ohtaka" authorityYear="1995" box="[958,1244,1412,1436]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hiemalis">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FC4797F4BD46C888" box="[958,1084,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">R. hiemalis</emphasis>
Ohtaka, 1995
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B73FFF3FF6E979EB85DCB38" blockId="32.[151,552,1519,1580]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B73FFF3FF6E979EBB52CB1C" authority="Eisen, 1879" authorityName="Eisen" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,552,1519,1544]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sodalis">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FF6E979EBB52CB1C" bold="true" box="[151,552,1519,1544]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FF6E979EB8FDCB1C" bold="true" box="[151,391,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Rhyacodrilus sodalis</emphasis>
(Eisen, 1879)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B73FFF3FF669465B98FCB38" box="[159,245,1556,1580]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[157,1412,790,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[142,1428,769,1922]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhyacodrilus sodalis (Eisen, 1879). A – B. Schematic view of the anterior part of the body (A) and the reproductive system (B). C – F. Histological sections of the spermatheca (C) and atrium (D), with details of the atrial ampulla and prostate cells (E) and a section of the atrial duct with a narrow penis (F) marked by an arrow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283804/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figs 17</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B73FFF3FEF89465B864CB38" box="[257,286,1556,1580]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1361,1384]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,207,1333]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,193,1340]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 18. Rhyacodrilus sodalis (Eisen, 1879), neotypes (A – J) and former neotype (Brinkhurst 1965), invalidated (K – L). A. Coelomocytes. B. Ventral gland in segment IX. C. Sperm in spermatheca and sperm funnel showing a characteristic wavy appearance. D. Dorsal anterior chaetae. E. Dorsal posterior chaetae. F – H. Ventral chaetae in IV (F), VII (G) and posterior (H). I. Penial chaetae in a typical fan-wise arrangement within the lenticular depression surrounding the male pores. J. Faintly bifid tips of penial chaetae. K – L. Pectinate dorsal chaetae of segment IV (K) and VI (L) in Lake Tahoe invalidated neotype (Brinkhurst, 1965)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283805/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">18</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5FC32804B73FFF3FF6E942DBB20CA22" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B73FFF3FF6E942DBA49CB65" blockId="32.[151,1119,1627,1712]" box="[151,819,1627,1650]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B73FFF3FF6E942DB894CB65" authority="Eisen, 1879: 11" authorityName="Eisen" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,494,1627,1650]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Ilyodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sodalis">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FF6E942DB832CB66" box="[151,328,1628,1650]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Ilyodrilus sodalis</emphasis>
Eisen, 1879: 11
</taxonomicName>
. Eisen 1885: 887, Pl. VI, 
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B73FFF3FD0B942ABA55CB65" box="[754,815,1627,1649]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[162,1414,202,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1923]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhyacodrilus quileuticus sp. n. A. Anterior part of the body. B. Reproductive organs. C. Spermathecal chaetae. D. Penial chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283792/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B73FFF3FF6E940BBBB8CB84" blockId="32.[151,1119,1627,1712]" box="[151,706,1658,1680]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B73FFF3FF6E940BB8C5CB84" authority="Eisen" authorityName="Eisen" box="[151,447,1658,1680]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sodalis">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FF6E940BB816CB84" box="[151,364,1658,1680]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Rhyacodrilus sodalis</emphasis>
(Eisen)
</taxonomicName>
: Brinkhurst 1963: 53, 59.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B73FFF3FF6E94EBBD25CBA4" blockId="32.[151,1119,1627,1712]" box="[151,1119,1689,1712]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
Non 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B73FFF3FF3094E8B88BCBBB" authority="Eisen" authorityName="Eisen" box="[201,497,1689,1711]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sodalis">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FF3094E8B8E4CBBB" box="[201,414,1689,1711]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Rhyacodrilus sodalis</emphasis>
(Eisen)
</taxonomicName>
: Brinkhurst 1965: 144, 
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B73FFF3FD1994E8BA63CBBB" box="[736,793,1689,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1411,1434]" captionTargetBox="[171,1429,217,1359]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,193,1390]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhyacodrilus clio sp. n. A – B. Coyote Creek population. A. Reproductive organs. B. Atria in different orientations and with varying degree of extrusion of the penis. C. Reproductive organs in specimens from Chalone Creek population. Drawings schematic." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283795/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
E–K; Ohtaka 1995: 
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B73FFF3FC1F94E8BD5BCBBB" box="[998,1057,1689,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1411,1434]" captionTargetBox="[171,1429,217,1359]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,193,1390]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhyacodrilus clio sp. n. A – B. Coyote Creek population. A. Reproductive organs. B. Atria in different orientations and with varying degree of extrusion of the penis. C. Reproductive organs in specimens from Chalone Creek population. Drawings schematic." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283795/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
B, C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B73FFF3FF6E94A6BCF8CBFA" blockId="32.[151,1437,1750,2027]" box="[151,1410,1750,1775]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FF6E94A6B983CBFB" bold="true" box="[151,249,1751,1775]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B73FFF3FF6E94A6B983CBFB" box="[151,249,1751,1775]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. USNM 1202075, dissected worm stained in Harris' hematoxylin and slide-mounted in 
<collectingCountry id="E5F1219B4B73FFF3FB2994A7BC5ECBFA" box="[1232,1316,1750,1774]" name="Canada" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Canada</collectingCountry>
balsam.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B73FFF3FF30948ABB20CA22" blockId="32.[151,1437,1750,2027]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FF30948AB811CA07" bold="true" box="[201,363,1787,1811]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Paraneotypes</emphasis>
. USNM 1202076-77, 1 dissected worm stained in Harris' hematoxylin, 1 sagittally sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5FC32804B73FFF3FF309532BA0ACAD2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B73FFF3FF309532BC47CA6A" blockId="32.[151,1437,1750,2027]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FF309532BB98CA4F" bold="true" box="[201,738,1858,1883]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Further material, not included in description</emphasis>
. Former 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B73FFF3FCB39532BAD9CA4F" box="[842,931,1859,1883]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
(USNM 32644) and 4 paraneotypes (USNM 32645 No.0004, 4 slides) of 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B73FFF3FE2F9519BA20CA6A" authority="Brinkhurst (1965)" authorityName="Brinkhurst" authorityYear="1965" box="[470,858,1894,1919]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sodalis">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FE2F9519BBF0CA6B" box="[470,650,1894,1919]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">R. sodalis sensu</emphasis>
Brinkhurst (1965)
</taxonomicName>
from Lake Tahoe, invalidated (see below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B73FFF3FF3095FBBA0ACAD2" blockId="32.[151,1437,1750,2027]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FF3095FBB853CAB7" bold="true" box="[201,297,1930,1955]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Locality</emphasis>
. Tributary to Mountain Lake, Camino del Mar, 
<geoCoordinate id="F8D207CC4B73FFF3FCA895FBBAB1CAB6" box="[849,971,1930,1954]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="5" value="37.7879">N37.7879°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="F8D207CC4B73FFF3FC2C95FBBD1DCAB6" box="[981,1127,1930,1954]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="5" value="-122.4698">W122.4698°</geoCoordinate>
, San Francisco, California, 
<collectingCountry id="E5F1219B4B73FFF3FF6E95DFB9A8CAD2" box="[151,210,1966,1990]" name="United States of America" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">USA</collectingCountry>
, Eisen's original 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B73FFF3FE6995DEB8BACAD3" box="[400,448,1967,1991]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
locality of the species (
<date id="E95847CB4B73FFF3FD3395DFBA1ECAD2" box="[714,868,1966,1991]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2011-05-31">31 May 2011</date>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5FC32804B73FFF0FF3095A3BDC9CC93" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B73FFF3FF3095A3BCE7CAFE" blockId="32.[151,1437,1750,2027]" box="[201,1437,2002,2027]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B73FFF3FF3095A3B82ECAFF" bold="true" box="[201,340,2002,2027]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Description</emphasis>
. Number of segments 58–62. Body diameter about 
<quantity id="5A1ECCEE4B73FFF3FC4195A3BD5ACAFE" box="[952,1056,2002,2026]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="0.55">0.55 mm</quantity>
at VIII, to 
<quantity id="5A1ECCEE4B73FFF3FB5495A3BC7DCAFE" box="[1197,1287,2002,2026]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
at clitellum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B72FFF2FF6E92E6BA07CC70" blockId="33.[151,1436,151,716]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Prostomium rounded. Epithelium in anterior segments up to 18 µm high. Clitellum annular from about 1/ 
<date id="E95847CB4B72FFF2FAA992E6B9BBCDC0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">2 X to XII</date>
, absent only around male pores, up to 52 µm high, formed by small glandular cells (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B72FFF2FB7B92CDBDA9CDC0" box="[1154,1235,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[157,1412,790,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[142,1428,769,1922]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhyacodrilus sodalis (Eisen, 1879). A – B. Schematic view of the anterior part of the body (A) and the reproductive system (B). C – F. Histological sections of the spermatheca (C) and atrium (D), with details of the atrial ampulla and prostate cells (E) and a section of the atrial duct with a narrow penis (F) marked by an arrow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283804/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
A). Male pores in posterior part of segment XI, within a shallow, lenticular depression; spermathecal pores at the very beginning of segment X, close to intersegment 9/10; both male and spermathecal pores about in line with ventral chaetae. One pair female pores, lateral to the line of ventral chaetae. Anchorage bridge inconspicuous or absent, at most a small ridge of slightly thickened epidermis between spermathecal pores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B72FFF2FF30931EB9C8CFD8" blockId="33.[151,1436,151,716]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Dorsal bundles with hair and pectinate chaetae: 2–4 hairs in anterior bundles (the longest ones 190–410 µm), 1–2 thin hairs back to segment XVI–XXV, hairs absent posteriorly; 4–5 pectinate chaetae (83–132 µm) per bundle, with divergent lateral teeth of equal length and 4–5 intermediate teeth in anterior segments; 2–3 sigmoid pectinates in postclitellar segments (79–87 µm) with 3–4 short intermediate teeth, distal teeth shorter than proximal (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B72FFF2FAB293ADBCE6CCE0" box="[1355,1436,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1361,1384]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,207,1333]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,193,1340]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 18. Rhyacodrilus sodalis (Eisen, 1879), neotypes (A – J) and former neotype (Brinkhurst 1965), invalidated (K – L). A. Coelomocytes. B. Ventral gland in segment IX. C. Sperm in spermatheca and sperm funnel showing a characteristic wavy appearance. D. Dorsal anterior chaetae. E. Dorsal posterior chaetae. F – H. Ventral chaetae in IV (F), VII (G) and posterior (H). I. Penial chaetae in a typical fan-wise arrangement within the lenticular depression surrounding the male pores. J. Faintly bifid tips of penial chaetae. K – L. Pectinate dorsal chaetae of segment IV (K) and VI (L) in Lake Tahoe invalidated neotype (Brinkhurst, 1965)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283805/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
D, E), nodulus at 1/3 from the tip. Ventral bundles with 4–6(7) bifid chaetae in anterior segments (94–132 µm), 
<quantity id="5A1ECCEE4B72FFF2FA79938EB9B8CF28" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" metricValueMax="12.7" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="in" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2– 5 in</quantity>
postclitelar segments (81–90 µm); teeth equally long or with distal tooth shorter and thinner than proximal; in most ventral bundles some chaetae have short thin intermediate teeth, the most posterior segments with only 1 bifid chaeta per bundle (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B72FFF2FE8A901DB8BFCF90" box="[371,453,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1361,1384]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,207,1333]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,193,1340]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 18. Rhyacodrilus sodalis (Eisen, 1879), neotypes (A – J) and former neotype (Brinkhurst 1965), invalidated (K – L). A. Coelomocytes. B. Ventral gland in segment IX. C. Sperm in spermatheca and sperm funnel showing a characteristic wavy appearance. D. Dorsal anterior chaetae. E. Dorsal posterior chaetae. F – H. Ventral chaetae in IV (F), VII (G) and posterior (H). I. Penial chaetae in a typical fan-wise arrangement within the lenticular depression surrounding the male pores. J. Faintly bifid tips of penial chaetae. K – L. Pectinate dorsal chaetae of segment IV (K) and VI (L) in Lake Tahoe invalidated neotype (Brinkhurst, 1965)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283805/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
F–H). Median to the male pore a bundle of 3–4 penial chaetae (90–120 µm long, the longest in the middle of the bundle), bifid with short teeth, nodulus at 1/3 from the tip, arranged fanwise (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B72FFF2FAC290FEBCF7CFB3" box="[1339,1421,655,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1361,1384]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,207,1333]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,193,1340]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 18. Rhyacodrilus sodalis (Eisen, 1879), neotypes (A – J) and former neotype (Brinkhurst 1965), invalidated (K – L). A. Coelomocytes. B. Ventral gland in segment IX. C. Sperm in spermatheca and sperm funnel showing a characteristic wavy appearance. D. Dorsal anterior chaetae. E. Dorsal posterior chaetae. F – H. Ventral chaetae in IV (F), VII (G) and posterior (H). I. Penial chaetae in a typical fan-wise arrangement within the lenticular depression surrounding the male pores. J. Faintly bifid tips of penial chaetae. K – L. Pectinate dorsal chaetae of segment IV (K) and VI (L) in Lake Tahoe invalidated neotype (Brinkhurst, 1965)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283805/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Fig. 
<date id="E95847CB4B72FFF2FA8990FEBCF7CFB3" box="[1392,1421,655,679]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1918-01">18</date>
</figureCitation>
I, J).
</paragraph>
<caption id="C99931834B72FFF2FF6E95D1BD0ACAE7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283804/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[157,1412,790,1912]" targetPageId="33">
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B72FFF2FF6E95D1BD0ACAE7" blockId="33.[151,1436,1952,2036]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B72FFF2FF6E95D1B85FCAA1" bold="true" box="[151,293,1952,1975]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B72FFF2FECB95D1BBD6CAA3" authority="(Eisen, 1879)" authorityName="Eisen" authorityYear="1879" baseAuthorityName="Eisen" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[306,684,1952,1975]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sodalis">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B72FFF2FECB95D1BB74CAA2" box="[306,526,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Rhyacodrilus sodalis</emphasis>
(Eisen, 1879)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B72FFF2FD4595D1BB91CAA1" bold="true" box="[700,747,1952,1973]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">A–B</emphasis>
. Schematic view of the anterior part of the body (A) and the reproductive system (B). 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B72FFF2FE6595CFB8B3CAC1" bold="true" box="[412,457,1982,2005]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">C–F</emphasis>
. Histological sections of the spermatheca (C) and atrium (D), with details of the atrial ampulla and prostate cells (E) and a section of the atrial duct with a narrow penis (F) marked by an arrow.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C99931834B71FFF1FF6E9720B829CB14" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283805/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[164,1425,207,1333]" targetPageId="34">
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B71FFF1FF6E9720B829CB14" blockId="34.[151,1436,1361,1536]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B71FFF1FF6E9720B85BC873" bold="true" box="[151,289,1361,1384]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B71FFF1FED19720BBE8C87C" authority="(Eisen, 1879)" authorityName="Eisen" authorityYear="1879" baseAuthorityName="Eisen" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[296,658,1361,1384]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sodalis">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B71FFF1FED19720B885C873" box="[296,511,1361,1383]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Rhyacodrilus sodalis</emphasis>
(Eisen, 1879)
</taxonomicName>
, neotypes (
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B71FFF1FCF09723BA4FC873" bold="true" box="[777,821,1362,1383]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">A–J</emphasis>
) and former neotype (Brinkhurst 1965), invalidated (
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B71FFF1FAA59723BCF7C873" bold="true" box="[1372,1421,1362,1383]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">K–L</emphasis>
). 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B71FFF1FF6E9701B9D3C891" bold="true" box="[151,169,1392,1413]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">A</emphasis>
. Coelomocytes. 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B71FFF1FEAC9700B81CC892" bold="true" box="[341,358,1393,1414]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B</emphasis>
. Ventral gland in segment IX. 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B71FFF1FD5A9701BBCFC893" bold="true" box="[675,693,1392,1415]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C</emphasis>
. Sperm in spermatheca and sperm funnel showing a characteristic wavy appearance. 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B71FFF1FEEC97FEB85DC8B0" bold="true" box="[277,295,1423,1444]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">D</emphasis>
. Dorsal anterior chaetae. 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B71FFF1FDD597FEBB47C8B0" bold="true" box="[556,573,1423,1444]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">E</emphasis>
. Dorsal posterior chaetae. 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B71FFF1FCB497FEBA04C8B0" bold="true" box="[845,894,1423,1444]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">F–H</emphasis>
. Ventral chaetae in IV (F), VII (G) and posterior (H). 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B71FFF1FF6E97DFB9DBC8D7" bold="true" box="[151,161,1454,1475]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">I</emphasis>
. Penial chaetae in a typical fan-wise arrangement within the lenticular depression surrounding the male pores. 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B71FFF1FAFD97DFBC6BC8D7" bold="true" box="[1284,1297,1454,1475]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">J</emphasis>
. Faintly bifid tips of penial chaetae. 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B71FFF1FE7497BDB8C7C8F5" bold="true" box="[397,445,1484,1505]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">K–L</emphasis>
. Pectinate dorsal chaetae of segment IV (K) and VI (L) in Lake Tahoe invalidated neotype (Brinkhurst, 1965)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B71FFF1FF30945CBB17CBC1" blockId="34.[151,1436,1581,2038]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Dorsal pharyngeal pad well-developed. Pharyngeal glands from segment IV to anterior part of segment VII. Numerous granulated and nucleated coelomocytes in body cavity (diameter 12–24 µm) (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B71FFF1FB819420BDB0CB7D" box="[1144,1226,1617,1641]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1361,1384]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,207,1333]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,193,1340]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 18. Rhyacodrilus sodalis (Eisen, 1879), neotypes (A – J) and former neotype (Brinkhurst 1965), invalidated (K – L). A. Coelomocytes. B. Ventral gland in segment IX. C. Sperm in spermatheca and sperm funnel showing a characteristic wavy appearance. D. Dorsal anterior chaetae. E. Dorsal posterior chaetae. F – H. Ventral chaetae in IV (F), VII (G) and posterior (H). I. Penial chaetae in a typical fan-wise arrangement within the lenticular depression surrounding the male pores. J. Faintly bifid tips of penial chaetae. K – L. Pectinate dorsal chaetae of segment IV (K) and VI (L) in Lake Tahoe invalidated neotype (Brinkhurst, 1965)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283805/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
A). One pair testes in segment X and one pair ovaries in segment XI. Sperm sacs extend forward into IX and back to segment XVIII– XX. Ovisac back to XIX–XXII. Paired ventral glands observed in segments V to X, best developed in segment IX, located behind ventral chaetae (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B71FFF1FE0394CCBB36CBC1" box="[506,588,1725,1749]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1361,1384]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,207,1333]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,193,1340]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 18. Rhyacodrilus sodalis (Eisen, 1879), neotypes (A – J) and former neotype (Brinkhurst 1965), invalidated (K – L). A. Coelomocytes. B. Ventral gland in segment IX. C. Sperm in spermatheca and sperm funnel showing a characteristic wavy appearance. D. Dorsal anterior chaetae. E. Dorsal posterior chaetae. F – H. Ventral chaetae in IV (F), VII (G) and posterior (H). I. Penial chaetae in a typical fan-wise arrangement within the lenticular depression surrounding the male pores. J. Faintly bifid tips of penial chaetae. K – L. Pectinate dorsal chaetae of segment IV (K) and VI (L) in Lake Tahoe invalidated neotype (Brinkhurst, 1965)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283805/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B71FFF0FF309490BDC9CC93" blockId="34.[151,1436,1581,2038]" lastBlockId="35.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
One pair spermathecae, composed of a short bulbous duct (72–85 µm long, 52–72 µm maximum diameter) with columnar epithelium, and an irregular ampulla filled with bundles of sperm, characteristically folded (as in the original description of the species) around a strong muscular strand attached to the duct and to the dorsal body wall (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B71FFF1FF66953CB989CA71" box="[159,243,1869,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[157,1412,790,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[142,1428,769,1922]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhyacodrilus sodalis (Eisen, 1879). A – B. Schematic view of the anterior part of the body (A) and the reproductive system (B). C – F. Histological sections of the spermatheca (C) and atrium (D), with details of the atrial ampulla and prostate cells (E) and a section of the atrial duct with a narrow penis (F) marked by an arrow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283804/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
B: ms; 17C). One pair male ducts in segment XI. Sperm funnel on septum 10/11, followed by a long (to 700 μm), convoluted vas deferens, diameter 23–38 µm (thinner at both ends), apically joining the atrial ampulla (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B71FFF1FF6695E4B989CAB9" box="[159,243,1941,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[157,1412,790,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[142,1428,769,1922]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhyacodrilus sodalis (Eisen, 1879). A – B. Schematic view of the anterior part of the body (A) and the reproductive system (B). C – F. Histological sections of the spermatheca (C) and atrium (D), with details of the atrial ampulla and prostate cells (E) and a section of the atrial duct with a narrow penis (F) marked by an arrow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283804/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
B). Atrium with long duct (95–150 µm long, 27–30 µm wide), associated with several muscular bundles attached to the ventral body wall, and an elongated, curved ampulla (ca. 145–270 µm long, 70–125 µm maximum diameter). The ampulla may appear globular if compressed in whole mounted specimens, or elongated and curved (originally described as &quot;crescent shape&quot; [Eisen 1885: 888]) if relaxed or after removing from the segment through dissection (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B70FFF0FEEE92CDB813CDC0" box="[279,361,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[157,1412,790,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[142,1428,769,1922]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhyacodrilus sodalis (Eisen, 1879). A – B. Schematic view of the anterior part of the body (A) and the reproductive system (B). C – F. Histological sections of the spermatheca (C) and atrium (D), with details of the atrial ampulla and prostate cells (E) and a section of the atrial duct with a narrow penis (F) marked by an arrow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283804/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
B, D). As reported by Eisen (1885: 888), the atrium is &quot;extremely pellucid&quot; (transparent): atrial musculature very thin (ca. 1–3 µm), atrial epithelium thick (15–40 µm high), granular, and faint, although distinct in histological sections, with small, peripheral nuclei (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B70FFF0FD0D9375BA3CCC08" box="[756,838,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[157,1412,790,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[142,1428,769,1922]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhyacodrilus sodalis (Eisen, 1879). A – B. Schematic view of the anterior part of the body (A) and the reproductive system (B). C – F. Histological sections of the spermatheca (C) and atrium (D), with details of the atrial ampulla and prostate cells (E) and a section of the atrial duct with a narrow penis (F) marked by an arrow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283804/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
E). Ampulla covered by layer of prostate cells, 50–70 µm high, forming numerous clusters, joining atrium individually. In histological sections, a very short, narrow penis (?) was observed within the lumen of the atrial duct (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B70FFF0FCC2933DBAF4CC70" box="[827,910,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[157,1412,790,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[142,1428,769,1922]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhyacodrilus sodalis (Eisen, 1879). A – B. Schematic view of the anterior part of the body (A) and the reproductive system (B). C – F. Histological sections of the spermatheca (C) and atrium (D), with details of the atrial ampulla and prostate cells (E) and a section of the atrial duct with a narrow penis (F) marked by an arrow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283804/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
F). Anterior ends of spermatozoa in male duct and spermathecal ampulla have a distinctly wavy appearance (corkscrew shaped?) (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B70FFF0FBC6931EBDEBCC93" box="[1087,1169,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1361,1384]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,207,1333]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,193,1340]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 18. Rhyacodrilus sodalis (Eisen, 1879), neotypes (A – J) and former neotype (Brinkhurst 1965), invalidated (K – L). A. Coelomocytes. B. Ventral gland in segment IX. C. Sperm in spermatheca and sperm funnel showing a characteristic wavy appearance. D. Dorsal anterior chaetae. E. Dorsal posterior chaetae. F – H. Ventral chaetae in IV (F), VII (G) and posterior (H). I. Penial chaetae in a typical fan-wise arrangement within the lenticular depression surrounding the male pores. J. Faintly bifid tips of penial chaetae. K – L. Pectinate dorsal chaetae of segment IV (K) and VI (L) in Lake Tahoe invalidated neotype (Brinkhurst, 1965)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283805/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
C).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D5FC32804B70FFF7FF3093E5BB80CF03" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B70FFF0FF3093E5BDE5CFFB" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B70FFF0FF3093E5B84CCCB8" bold="true" box="[201,310,404,428]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Remarks</emphasis>
. The species was described by Eisen (1879, 1885) as 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B70FFF0FC5393E5BD15CCB8" box="[938,1135,404,428]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Ilyodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sodalis">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B70FFF0FC5393E5BD15CCB8" box="[938,1135,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ilyodrilus sodalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from a small tributary to Mountain Lake in San Francisco (California). The species was transferred to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B70FFF0FB9C93C9BD80CCC4" box="[1125,1274,440,464]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B70FFF0FB9C93C9BD80CCC4" box="[1125,1274,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Rhyacodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Brinkhurst (1963: 53, 59) based on atrial morphology, although regarded as a 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B70FFF0FC2A93ACBD08CCE0" box="[979,1138,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">species dubia</emphasis>
. Eisen's 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B70FFF0FB1D93ACBC65CCE1" box="[1252,1311,477,501]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">types</typeStatus>
collection disappeared after the earthquake in 1906 and a 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B70FFF0FD389071BA60CF0C" box="[705,794,512,536]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
was designated and described by Brinkhurst (1965). A sampling by Brinkhurst at the 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B70FFF0FDFD9054BB4ECF29" box="[516,564,549,573]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
locality was not successful in getting more material of the species (R.O. Brinkhurst, pers. comm. 2011), and the 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B70FFF0FDA69039BBC2CF74" box="[607,696,584,608]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
was instead selected from Lake Tahoe. The new 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B70FFF0FB179039BC64CF74" box="[1262,1310,584,608]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
series was however of limited value since neither male ducts nor spermathecae were observable (see Brinkhurst 1965: 145). Therefore, although the taxonomic status of the species has been considered uncertain (Brinkhurst 1986), this has not been an impediment to including the species in several guides, using keys based on chaetal characteristics. As a result, 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B70FFF0FF1A90A8B82BCFE4" box="[227,337,728,752]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Ilyodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sodalis">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B70FFF0FF1A90A8B82BCFE4" box="[227,337,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">R. sodalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been widely reported in North 
<collectingCountry id="E5F1219B4B70FFF0FD2490A6BA47CFFB" box="[733,829,727,751]" name="United States of America" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">America</collectingCountry>
(Kathman &amp; Brinkhurst 1998).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B70FFF0FF30908DBD74C818" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Examination of Brinkhurst's 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B70FFF0FDE5908CBB0FCE01" box="[540,629,765,789]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
(USNM 32644) and paraneotypes from Lake Tahoe (USNM 32645 No.0004, 4 slides) did not provide any information on the structure of reproductive organs, probably due to the mounting media (most likely lactophenol). In the 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B70FFF0FD3C9134BA5BCE49" box="[709,801,837,861]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
, anterior pectinates have very long, thin teeth (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B70FFF0FAC99135BCFACE48" box="[1328,1408,836,860]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1361,1384]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,207,1333]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[151,1436,193,1340]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 18. Rhyacodrilus sodalis (Eisen, 1879), neotypes (A – J) and former neotype (Brinkhurst 1965), invalidated (K – L). A. Coelomocytes. B. Ventral gland in segment IX. C. Sperm in spermatheca and sperm funnel showing a characteristic wavy appearance. D. Dorsal anterior chaetae. E. Dorsal posterior chaetae. F – H. Ventral chaetae in IV (F), VII (G) and posterior (H). I. Penial chaetae in a typical fan-wise arrangement within the lenticular depression surrounding the male pores. J. Faintly bifid tips of penial chaetae. K – L. Pectinate dorsal chaetae of segment IV (K) and VI (L) in Lake Tahoe invalidated neotype (Brinkhurst, 1965)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283805/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
K, L) and there are 2 single-pointed penial chaetae, arranged in parallel. Lake Tahoe is a large, deep (
<quantity id="5A1ECCEE4B70FFF0FAF89116BC36CE94" box="[1281,1356,871,896]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.99" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="499.0">499 m</quantity>
depth) water body, located at 
<quantity id="5A1ECCEE4B70FFF0FE6091FDB88CCEB0" box="[409,502,908,932]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8969999999999998" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="1897.0">1,897 m</quantity>
a.s.l. with highly oligotrophic waters (Gardner 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B70FFF0FBEC91FCBD35CEB0" box="[1045,1103,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
2000), while Eisen's original locality is in a very small, low elevation coastal seep, currently filled with vascular plants and draining an urbanized watershed. The linear distance between these two sites is about 
<quantity id="5A1ECCEE4B70FFF0FBFA91A5BD25CEF8" box="[1027,1119,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="km" value="230.0">230 km</quantity>
. The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999) states in Art. 75.3.6. that the paper in which a 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B70FFF0FB939188BDB9C905" box="[1130,1219,1017,1041]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
is designated must state that 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B70FFF0FEFD966DBD6FC943" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
&quot;the 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B70FFF0FEC3966CB8EBC920" box="[314,401,1053,1076]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
came as nearly as practicable from the original 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B70FFF0FC44966CBA96C920" box="[957,1004,1053,1076]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
locality and, where relevant, from the same geological horizon or host species as the original name-bearing 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B70FFF0FC2A9631BD7DC943" box="[979,1031,1088,1111]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
&quot;.
</emphasis>
The poor condition of the Tahoe specimens, the lack of definition of the reproductive organs, and the fact that Brinkhurst's 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B70FFF0FB869614BDA2C969" box="[1151,1240,1125,1149]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
series came from a water body very different in ecological and geological characteristics from the original indicates that the Lake Tahoe 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B70FFF0FF1D96DCB832C9D1" box="[228,328,1197,1221]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="neotype">neotypes</typeStatus>
are invalid. Therefore we designate a new 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B70FFF0FCC696DCBAD5C9D0" box="[831,943,1196,1220]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Ilyodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sodalis">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B70FFF0FCC696DCBAD5C9D0" box="[831,943,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">R. sodalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B70FFF0FC4096DCBD68C9D1" box="[953,1042,1197,1221]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
from Eisen's 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B70FFF0FB4A96DCBD99C9D1" box="[1203,1251,1197,1221]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
locality, adding details of morphological characters currently used in rhyacodriline descriptions. This description validates most of the morphological features formerly described by Eisen from the same locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B70FFF0FF309769B814CA80" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
The original description of 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B70FFF0FDFC9768BB0CC824" box="[517,630,1304,1328]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Ilyodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sodalis">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B70FFF0FDFC9768BB0CC824" box="[517,630,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">R. sodalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gives little information on the shape of chaetae; however, the striated inner surface of the so-called &quot;pseudo-comb-like spines&quot; can be interpreted as the presence of intermediate teeth in dorsal chaetae, probably not clearly visible through Eisen's microcopy. Dorsal crochets are V-shaped with equal teeth in the San Francisco population (both in Eisen's description [1885: 
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B70FFF0FC4697F5BD7AC888" box="[959,1024,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1944,1967]" captionTargetBox="[162,1414,202,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1923]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Rhyacodrilus quileuticus sp. n. A. Anterior part of the body. B. Reproductive organs. C. Spermathecal chaetae. D. Penial chaetae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283792/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
e,f] and in the present paper), instead of the long, thin teeth seen in the Lake Tahoe population. Large and abundant coelomocytes, a character that is diagnostic of the subfamily 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B70FFF0FE3797BDBA5FC8F0" authority="(Hrabe 1963b)" baseAuthorityName="Hrabe" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[462,805,1484,1509]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Rhyacodrilinae">Rhyacodrilinae (Hrabĕ 1963b)</taxonomicName>
, were not originally described by Eisen; they are present in the new 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B70FFF0FEEA9781B816CB1C" box="[275,364,1520,1544]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
series, but this was likely not considered to be a diagnostic character at the time of the original description. There is a general agreement between Eisen's and the present descriptions of the spermatheca and male duct: the spermathecae have a short, bulbous duct, similar to many other 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B70FFF0FC139449BD05CB44" box="[1002,1151,1592,1616]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B70FFF0FC139449BD05CB44" box="[1002,1151,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Rhyacodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, and an ampulla which appears twisted or folded; in the new material the ampulla is folded around a strong, dorso-ventral muscular strand originating at the spermathecal duct (
<figureCitation id="05DD7D8E4B70FFF0FD64940EBB89CB83" box="[669,755,1663,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[157,1412,790,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[142,1428,769,1922]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 17. Rhyacodrilus sodalis (Eisen, 1879). A – B. Schematic view of the anterior part of the body (A) and the reproductive system (B). C – F. Histological sections of the spermatheca (C) and atrium (D), with details of the atrial ampulla and prostate cells (E) and a section of the atrial duct with a narrow penis (F) marked by an arrow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/283804/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
B, C). The male duct has a long, coiled vas deferens that apically joins the elongated atrium, and the long atrial duct opens in a simple pore. The conical structure that surrounds the atrial duct in the original description (incorrectly named 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B70FFF0FC4094B9BD71CBF4" box="[953,1035,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">oviduct</emphasis>
by Eisen) is interpreted here as the covering of the atrial duct by numerous muscle strands attached to the ventral side of the body. The &quot;pellucid&quot; appearance of copulatory organs reported by Eisen is here interpreted as a vague or almost transparent atrial epithelium and very thin musculature. The most problematic issue is the lack of mention of modified penial chaetae in the original description of the species, a rather obvious character that is present in the specimens recently found in the 
<typeStatus id="425DDFA94B70FFF0FF24950CB877CA81" box="[221,269,1917,1941]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D59610B4B70FFF7FF3095D1BB80CF03" blockId="35.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastBlockId="36.[151,1436,151,535]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Based on the shape of the chaetae, presence of multiple penial chaetae but not spermathecal chaetae, the long vas deferens, and the atrial duct shorter than the ampulla, 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B70FFF0FCD295B4BAE1CAC8" box="[811,923,1988,2012]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Ilyodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sodalis">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B70FFF0FCD295B4BAE1CAC8" box="[811,923,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">R. sodalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most closely related to 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B70FFF0FB3E95B4BC2CCAC8" box="[1223,1366,1989,2012]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="coccineus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B70FFF0FB3E95B4BC2CCAC8" box="[1223,1366,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">R. coccineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and a complex of similar species (see the key in this paper), some of which have been put in synonymy with the latter (e.g. Timm 1997). 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B77FFF7FE9592CDBB22CDC0" box="[364,600,188,212]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sodalis">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B77FFF7FE9592CDBB22CDC0" box="[364,600,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Rhyacodrilus sodalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has also been considered a junior synonym of other 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B77FFF7FB5792CDBC3ECDC0" box="[1198,1348,188,212]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B77FFF7FB5792CDBC3ECDC0" box="[1198,1348,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Rhyacodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in this group. The synonymy of 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B77FFF7FDEA9290BBFFCDEC" box="[531,645,224,248]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sodalis">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B77FFF7FDEA9290BBFFCDEC" box="[531,645,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">R. sodalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B77FFF7FD329290BAFACDE3" authority="Chen" authorityName="Chen" box="[715,896,223,248]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sinicus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B77FFF7FD329290BA41CDEC" box="[715,827,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">R. sinicus</emphasis>
Chen
</taxonomicName>
(e.g. Brinkhurst 1965, Brinkhurst &amp; Jamieson 1971, Qi &amp; Erséus 1985) is difficult to accept. In the original description by Chen (1940), the atrium is ovoid and the duct opens in a tegumentary fold, suggesting a closer relationship to 
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B77FFF7FC269358BC14CC54" box="[991,1390,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B77FFF7FC269358BD08CC54" box="[991,1138,297,320]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="coccineus">R. coccineus</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B77FFF7FB869359BC14CC54" box="[1151,1390,296,320]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sodalis">Rhyacodrilus sodalis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
has also been regarded as a possible junior synomym of 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B77FFF7FD26933CBA11CC70" box="[735,875,333,356]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="coccineus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B77FFF7FD26933CBA11CC70" box="[735,875,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">R. coccineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g. Timm 1997). Any proposal for synonymy of a species with the widespread 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B77FFF7FE109300BB0CCC9C" box="[489,630,369,392]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="coccineus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B77FFF7FE109300BB0CCC9C" box="[489,630,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">R. coccineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
requires a previous reconsideration of the taxonomic status of the latter, since at present the morphology of the species shows too much variability among the numerous descriptions by different authors in many parts of the world. At this point, we distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B77FFF7FC2793C8BD34CCC4" box="[990,1102,440,464]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sodalis">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B77FFF7FC2793C8BD34CCC4" box="[990,1102,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">R. sodalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="5AE61A884B77FFF7FB6D93C8BC58CCC4" box="[1172,1314,441,464]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="coccineus">
<emphasis id="AF92BD194B77FFF7FB6D93C8BC58CCC4" box="[1172,1314,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">R. coccineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mainly by the relatively long vas deferens joining the atrium apically, and by the more elongate, curved atrial ampulla described by Eisen and confirmed in the new material.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>